Final Research Report

Assessment Cover Sheet
Qualification Pearson BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing and

Systems Development
Unit Number and Unit 16: Computing Research Project Level 5
Title
Academic Year 2023
Unit Tutor Mr. Anis Saboordeen
Assignment Title The environmental impact of digital transformation
Issue Date 27.05.2023
Submission Date 30.06.2023
Student ID Batch Id
Student Name
Email Id
Unit Learning Outcomes
LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the

research process.
LO2 Conduct and analyses research relevant to a computing research project
LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders
LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts
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Computing Research Project
Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria
Pass Merit Distinction
LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and
approaches as part of the research process
P1 Produce a research M1 Analyse different
proposal that clearly research approaches and
defines a research question methodology and make
or hypothesis, supported justifications for the choice of
by a literature review. methods selected based on
philosophical/theoretical
P2 Examine appropriate frameworks
research methods and
D1 Critically evaluate
approaches to primary and
research methodologies
secondary research.
and processes in
LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant to a
application to a
computing research project
computing research
P3 Conduct primary and M2 Discuss merits,
project to justify chosen
secondary research using limitations and pitfalls of
research methods and
appropriate methods for a approaches to data
analysis
computing research project collection and analysis.
that consider costs, access
and ethical issues.
P4 Apply appropriate
analytical tools, analyse
research findings and
data.
LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project
to identified stakeholders
P5 Communicate research M3 Analyse the extent to D2 Evaluate outcomes
outcomes in an which outcomes meet set and
appropriate manner for research objectives and make valid, justified
the intended audience. communicate judgements recommendations
effectively for the intended
audience
LO4 Reflect on the application of research D3 Demonstrate
methodologies and concepts reflection and
P6 Discuss the M4 Analyse results in engagement in the
effectiveness of research recommended actions for resource process,
methods applied, for improvements and future leading to
meeting objectives of the research considerations. recommended actions
computing research for future improvement.
project.
P7 Discuss alternative
research methodologies
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and lessons learnt in view
of the outcomes.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is a particular form of cheating. Plagiarism must be avoided at all costs and
students who break the rules, however innocently, may be penalised. It is your responsibility
to ensure that you understand correct referencing practices. As a university level student, you
are expected to use appropriate references throughout and keep carefully detailed notes of
all your sources of materials for material you have used in your work, including any material
downloaded from the Internet. Please consult the relevant unit lecturer or your course tutor if
you need any further advice.
Declaration of Academic Honesty

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work. YES NO
I have clearly indicated in my assignment any work that has been contributed
YES NO
by another student.
I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism YES NO
I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. YES NO
I have clearly indicated in my assignment any work that has been carried out
YES NO
collaboratively with another student/s.
I confirm that wherever I have used someone else’s words, concepts,
graphics, or data in my work, I have clearly indicated exactly where I have YES NO
done so, using the Harvard Referencing System.
I confirm that I have clearly indicated, by Harvard Referencing, where I have
used someone else’s graphics or data, concepts, words, irrespective of YES NO
whether I have quoted, or I have paraphrased in my own words.
Learner declaration
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any
sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Learner Digital Signature: Date Submitted:
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Submission Format
Report:
This should be written in a concise, formal business style using the following
guidelines.
 Every Assignment should have an Introduction and Conclusion

 The Standard Table of Contents should be generated.
 All the Figures, Tables, Diagrams etc. should be numbered.
 Main Heading: Arial; Size 16
 Subheading: Arial; Size 14
 Body text: Arial; Size 12
 Paragraph: 1.5 Lines and justified
 Margins: Top:1” Bottom: 1” Left:1.5” Right:1”
 Header – include the Module name on the Right-hand side.
 Footer - include the Page number on the Right-hand side.
 All sections should have continuity and pages should be clearly labelled.
 Bibliography/Reference – Harvard referencing system Cite them right.pdf
Part Expected type of evidence Deadline
1 Proposal – Word document report file 10th June 2023
2 Final Report – Word document report file 30th June 2023
3 Project Diary – Word document report file 8th July 2023
4 Poster – Image File (A2 Size) Jpeg 8th July 2023
5 Presentation - Microsoft PowerPoint file 8th July 2023
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Scenario: The environmental impact of digital transformation
The amount of data created and stored globally is expected to reach 175 Zettabytes by
2025, a six-fold increase from 2018. This will demand additional hardware and power
consumption, which; in turn, will increase the environmental impact of the digital sector
and there is already increasing attention on the environmental footprint of ICT
equipment and services as they become more widespread in all aspects of human life.
It is the responsibility of everyone to act in addressing the challenges of climate change,

as professionals we must also seek ways that the digital sector can play its part. While
digital technologies are one of the sectors that has achieved greater efficiency;
achieving about one hundred times more computation power from the same amount of
energy per decade, it remains unsustainable. The sector must continue to seek ways in
which it can continue to support and drive innovation, while addressing the global
climate emergency for a greener and fairer future.
With the environment being such a large focus of the UN’s Sustainability Development
Goals,
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UN News Centre (2015). Sustainable Development Goals launch in 2016. [online] United Nations
Sustainable Development. Available at:
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/12/sustainable-development-goals-kick-
off-with-start-of-new-year/#.
Research Area
Students are to choose their own research topic for this unit. Strong research projects
are those with clear, well focused, and defined objectives.
The range of topics discussed could cover the following:
 The use of modern methods to reduce carbon emissions in IT network systems.

 The impact of cloud data centres on the environment.
 The environmental implications of e-waste and ways to reduce it.
The submission of the task should be in the form of an individual report. Follow the
given template for the structure of the final document.
Project Documents and Structures
PART 1 - Project Proposal Report Structure (Annex-1)
 Main Document The word count should be approximately 2000-3000 words.

 The project proposal report should be produced as a result of discussions with your
supervisor. Please refer to the marking sheet provided as a guide to completing the
report.
 The report should be written in a professional style.
 The Ethical Considerations Form MUST be completed as part of the proposal stage.
PART 2 - Final Project Report Structure (Annex -2)
 The structure and contents of the Final Report may/will vary due to the nature of
your project - see your supervisor.
 Main Document Word Count - 8000 words average, 7000 - 1000 acceptable.
PART 3 - Project Diary (Annex -3)
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Record each meeting of you with the supervisor in the logbook provided. You should
submit a properly filled logbook along with the final report. Use the milestone tracker
for relevant schedules and deadlines.
PART 4 - Project Poster (Annex -4)
The poster should be created on a single A2-sized poster that summarises the project.
Free A2 PowerPoint poster templates can be found on the Web. You should try to avoid
copying large sections of text from your final project report.
PART 5 - Project Presentation
1. Presentation time 20 minutes

(Preparation 5 minutes/ Presentation 10 minutes/ Q & A Session 10 minutes)
2. Presentation Structure
 Project Information
 Project Definition
 Main Requirement
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 Analysis, Design, Implementation
 Findings and Evaluation
 Future Expansions
 Conclusion
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Acknowledgement
Firstly, I would want to express my gratitude to our BCAS Manager and subject instructor at
the BCAS, who despite his busy schedule, gave technical guidance and supervision.
Additionally, I would like to express my gratitude to the outstanding instructors and staff at
BCAS for their knowledge and support during the HND Registration and Frameworks
Advancement program. I also want to express my gratitude to my family, especially my
parents, for their encouragement and help in seeing this project through to the end.
Yours sincerely,
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Abstract
The objectives of Digital Transformation Reducing Carbon Emission: With Particular
Reference to Carbon Emission in Sri Lanka are reviewed in this study. In order to provide the
parameters for future research into the phenomena of Reducing Carbon Emission (DT) from
the perspective of organizational transformation, this paper gives a thorough overview of the
diverse, heterogeneous, and fragmented literature. Today, millions of individuals across the
globe are forced to work remotely, often from temporary spaces, and with a range of
innovative and unproven digital transformation tools. In this work, we investigate the
inadequate management caused by the digital revolution brought about by the coronavirus
epidemic. Based on our investigation, we concluded that these materials have multiple
negative consequences on the ecosystem. Hasty adoption of remote work, inadequate training
on its advantages, increased levels of stress and anxiety, and the presence of untrustworthy
people in a remote work environment can all lead to increased Reducing Carbon Emission.
Moreover, research indicates that the risks connected with working remotely often jeopardize
employee privacy while companies seek to resolve these and other concerns. The increasing
use of remote management, monitoring, and surveillance systems in the workplace serves as
the best example of this. The consequences of these technologies on the environment are
diverse. Data was collected for this case study using a questionnaire. From a sample of
responses, study participants were chosen at random by the researchers. According to the
study, digital transformation significantly and favorably affects other forms of digital
transformation.
Keywords: Reducing Carbon Emission, digital transformation
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement......................................................................................................................8
Abstract......................................................................................................................................9
List of Figure............................................................................................................................12
List of Table.............................................................................................................................13
List of Abbreviation and Acronyms.........................................................................................14
Chapter 01................................................................................................................................15
1.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................15
1.1 Background of the study.................................................................................................15
1.2 Problems Statement........................................................................................................16
1.3 Research Questions........................................................................................................18
1.4 Research objectives........................................................................................................18
1.5 Justification.....................................................................................................................18
1.6 Delimitation/Scope.........................................................................................................18
1.7 Chapter profile................................................................................................................19
Chapter 02................................................................................................................................20
2.0 Literature review............................................................................................................20
2.1 Knowledge gap...............................................................................................................22
Chapter 03................................................................................................................................23
3.0 Research methodology...................................................................................................23
3.1 Research Onion..............................................................................................................23
3.1.1 Positivism....................................................................................................................24
3.1.2 Deductive.....................................................................................................................24
3.1.3 Survey..........................................................................................................................25
3.1.4 Mono Method..............................................................................................................25
3.1.5 Cross Sectional............................................................................................................25
3.1.6 Data Collection & Analysis.........................................................................................26
3.2 Population and Sampling................................................................................................27
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3.3 Role of Researcher.........................................................................................................27
3.4 Conceptual framework...................................................................................................28
3.5 Generalizability..............................................................................................................28
3.6 Data collection................................................................................................................28
3.7 Hypothesis Collection....................................................................................................29
3.8 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................29
3.9 Timeline..........................................................................................................................30
Chapter 04 - Investigation of the Result and Analysis.............................................................31
4.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................31
4.1 Field survey....................................................................................................................31
4.2 Descriptive analysis........................................................................................................31
4.2.1 Age respondent............................................................................................................32
4.2.2 Gender respondent.......................................................................................................33
4.2.3 Ethnicity......................................................................................................................34
4.2.4 Educational qualifications...........................................................................................35
4.2.5 Cluster bar chart for gender and age of the respondents.............................................36
4.2.6 Cluster bar chart for educational qualification and gender of the respondents...........37
4.3 Inference analysis...........................................................................................................38
4.3.1 Definition of the variables...........................................................................................38
4.3.2 Descriptive statistics....................................................................................................39
4.3.3 Nature of Dependent variable......................................................................................41
4.3.4 Correlation Analysis....................................................................................................42
4.3.5 Regression Analysis....................................................................................................43
Chapter 5 - Conclusion.............................................................................................................45
5.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................45
5.1 Revisiting the research methodology and the objectives...............................................45
5.2 Finding and the Reengagement with Literature Review................................................46
5.3 Extension of Knowledge................................................................................................47
5.4 Suggestion for future research........................................................................................47
5.5 personal reflection..........................................................................................................47
Chapter 6 - Recommendation...................................................................................................49
6.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................49
6.1 Recommendation to improve the Energy Consumption................................................49
6.2 Recommendation to improve the E-Waste Generation..................................................51
6.3 Recommendation to improve Carbon Emissions...........................................................52
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References................................................................................................................................53
List of Figure
Figure 1 Carbon Emission........................................................................................................15
Figure 2 Digital Transformation Reducing Carbon Emission.................................................16
Figure 3 Research Onion..........................................................................................................23
Figure 4 Conceptual framework...............................................................................................28
Figure 5 Time Limit.................................................................................................................30
Figure 6 Age respondent..........................................................................................................32
Figure 7 Gender respondent.....................................................................................................33
Figure 8 Ethnicity.....................................................................................................................34
Figure 9 Educational qualifications.........................................................................................35
Figure 10 Cluster bar for gender and age.................................................................................36
Figure 11 cluster bar for education and gender........................................................................37
Figure 12 Histogram of DT......................................................................................................41
Figure 13 Energy Consumption...............................................................................................49
Figure 14 E-Waste Generation.................................................................................................51
Figure 15 Carbon Emissions....................................................................................................52
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List of Table
Table 1Chapter profile.............................................................................................................19
Table 2 Population and Sampling............................................................................................27
Table 4 Definition of variables................................................................................................38
Table 5 Descriptive Statistic of DB.........................................................................................39
Table 6 Descriptive Statistic of DS..........................................................................................39
Table 7 Descriptive Statistic of IE...........................................................................................40
Table 8 Test of Normality........................................................................................................41
Table 9 Correlation between DB and DT................................................................................42
Table 10 Correlation between DS and DT...............................................................................42
Table 11 Correlation between IE and DT................................................................................43
Table 12 Regression Model summary......................................................................................43
Table 13 Aggression analysis Coefficients.............................................................................44
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List of Abbreviation and Acronyms
RCE - Reducing Carbon Emission
OC - Organizational change
OD - Organizational designs
DT –Digital transformation
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Chapter 01
1.0 Introduction
This chapter, which mentions Carbon Emission's presence in Sri Lanka, understates the
influence of the environment on digital transformation. The study's background and
introduction are given in this chapter. Its goal is to highlight the foundation and goal of the
investigation while simultaneously calling attention to the study's challenges. The
significance, objectives, boundaries, research questions, and background data of the study are
all included. Finally, it emphasizes the study's chapter profile. The topic of Reducing Carbon
Emission (DT) is increasingly coming up in conversations among professionals and
academics these days.
Figure 1 Carbon Emission
1.1 Background of the study

It is a methodology that generates assumptions logically, explains the connection between
concepts and variables, and quantifies concepts since it is founded on existing theory before
designing a research approach to verify the hypothesis. Deductive research starts with
theories, creates hypotheses based on those theories, collects and analyzes evidence to test
those hypotheses. It is very adaptable since the researcher is constrained, pays special
attention to context, and is not required to stick to any predefined information. The writer
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may draw incorrect conclusions when using the inductive approach because it takes a lot of
time and requires expert guidance. The deductive approach, however, relies on the causal
connections between concepts and variables, the ability to quantify concepts, and the
potential to partially combine research results. Due to the advantages of the deductive
approach, the writer had chosen to use it for the project. (Warner and Wäger, 2019; Wasser et
al., 2020). Severe difficulties, particularly for users. Similarly, the writers examined the rise
in cybercrime and the poor management faced by remote employees. Such is an increase in
hacking and data theft. The graph in Fig. 2 illustrates that 48% of respondents to a poll on
users of digital devices admit that they had given some data to websites when working
remotely. Conversely, 13.40% of respondents provided websites with no information at all.
Forty-two percent of the participants were still unsure.Modern businesses are affected by this
and need to adapt, as stated by Bharadwaj et al. (2013), who define it as the integration and
connectivity of multiple, dispersed information, communication, and computing technologies
(e.g., Correani et al., 2020; Verhoef et al., 2019; Weill and Woerner, 2018). As a result,
organizational change and the phenomenon—which is described as a "difference in form,
quality, or state over time in an organizational entity" (Van de Ven and Poole, 1995, p. 512)
are closely related. As a result, we define DT as organizational transformation that is both
caused by and impacted by the widespread use of digital technologies.
Diagram illustrating the rise in virus and phishing website visits over the period of the digital
shift. Research has also been done on how digital transition eras affect the environment. This
study shows how Reducing Carbon Emission metrics influence the effectiveness of digital
transformation. Employees in Sri Lanka Many companies adopted additional security
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measures to safeguard their customers' data during the Covid-19 season because, in this
momentous era, more and more cases of digital transformation are emerging.
1.2 Problems Statement

One of the hardest things about using Reducing Carbon Emission tools to track digital
transformation is that there isn't a "suitable" application that is both comprehensive and easy
to use. "Change is hard." is a common refrain heard in conversations on organizational
reform. Let us ask the right questions before you go on your road to reduce your
environmental footprint. Future development is always possible because "digital
transformation" and the use of these technologies are still in their infancy. Therefore, in order
to ascertain the primary advantages and disadvantages of each, evaluations of the most
popular applications are required. The significance of "evaluating the act of remotely
monitoring workers and the potential empowering aspect of data innovation in upgrading the
capacity to supervise and work remotely" was emphasized. Not every person understood the
precise action in which they were engaged. Whatever the RE-engineering was, I needed it,
and I needed it fast. Some companies have adopted it as a catch-all term for any kind of
change or as a synonym for any activity they take part in that is related to modernization. But
companies who were using re-engineering appropriately and strategically were reaping great
benefits. Modern technology can be used in the current context to service a global market. It
is made feasible by digitization, Reducing Carbon Emission, and digitalization. Its history
repeating itself: "Give me 'digitization' or 'digitalization' or 'Reducing Carbon Emission',
whatever it is, and give it fast." It implies that Carbon Emission offices in Sri Lanka would be
able to improve their digital transformation with the aid of information and communication
technology-based digital transformation. In light of mixed media technologies' typical lack of
accessibility and high cost, it is concluded that mixed media technologies should be
encouraged in the digital transformation process. Working has become more easier thanks to
the internet and digital technologies, and many individuals and companies now believe that
working remotely is superior to sharing an office space.
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1.3 Research Questions
1) What is the effect of Energy Consumption on remote work at Carbon Emission in Sri
Lanka?
2) What are the impacts of E-Waste Generation on remote work at Carbon Emission in Sri
Lanka?
3) What are the impacts of Carbon Emissions on remote work at Carbon Emission in Sri
Lanka?
1.4 Research objectives
The primary goal of the study was to look into how the environment affected remote work at
Carbon Emission work place in Sri Lanka.
1) To establish the effect of Energy Consumption on remote work at Work place of Carbon
Emission in Sri Lanka.
2) To determine the impacts of E-Waste Generation on remote work at Work place of Carbon
3) To identify the impacts of a Carbon Emissions on remote work at Work place of Carbon
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1.5 Justification
The significance of this study lies in its emphasis on the role played by private company
initiatives as hubs for employment creation and as one of the most significant indicators of
business performance. It also lies in exposing an important aspect of how the DT procedure
enhances remote work. Thus, gaining technical expertise and launching a firm are crucial.
1.6 Delimitation/Scope
This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental influences. This inquiry will be
conducted by Carbon Emission. The study was expected to provide valuable insights on the
challenges associated with digital work and the environmental effects on Carbon Emission's
remote operations in Sri Lanka.
1.7 Chapter profile

Table 1Chapter profile
Chapter Contents
Chapter one: Introduction A summary and contextualization of the
research are given in this chapter. Its
objective is to draw attention to the
complexity of the investigation and to
clarify the study's goals and underlying
assumptions. The significance, objectives,
boundaries, background information, and
research questions of the study are all given.
At last, the research chapter profile appears.
Chapter two: Literature review This chapter's objective is to recognize a
literature review, which is a scientific work
that synthesizes recent findings, important
discoveries, and theoretical and
methodological contributions to a certain
field. This goal's context is given in the
previous chapter. The researchers then have
a discussion on the subject of the knowledge
gap in their research.
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Chapter three: Research methodology The importance of research methodologies
is emphasized in the upcoming chapter. The
topics covered include population and
sampling, data collecting, researcher
responsibilities, generalizability, validity,
and reliability, as well as data analysis,
conceptual framework, and hypothesis
declaration. Finally, it talks on ethical
concerns as well as technological
developments.
Chapter 02
2.0 Literature review
We'll explain the background to this chapter's finding of a literature review, which is an
academic publication that incorporates current knowledge in a given subject, including
theoretical and methodological contributions as well as substantive discoveries. The
researchers then go on to highlight the research's knowledge gap. Working from home, often
known as telecommuting, is also known as digital transformation. Take Benlian et al. (2018),
for example. We'll explain the background to this chapter's finding of a literature review,
which is an academic publication that incorporates current knowledge in a given subject,
including theoretical and methodological contributions as well as substantive discoveries.
The researchers then go on to highlight the research's knowledge gap. Working from home,
often known as telecommuting, is also known as digital transformation. Take Benlian et al.
(2018), for example. After doing a trial run-through with around 10% of the material, we
divided the original category system by dividing the existing categories (Mayring, 2014). For
instance, the category contextual conditions was used to establish the subcategories of
material, organizational, and environmental antecedents. After applying the categories and
subcategories to approximately half of the material, we once more revised the category
system by breaking the subcategories "into individual features or values" (Mayring, 2014, p.
95). For example, it was found that among the environmental antecedents were consumer,
industry, and nation characteristicsAs such, the lowest divisions in the hierarchical category
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system correspond to incredibly specific and important fields of research. We ultimately
assigned all of the content to final category systems. Through an iterative process of
examining the research and holding talks, we were able to come to an agreement among all of
the authors (see Karhunen et al., 2018). At first, two writers handled the allocations
independently. The authors then discussed any discrepancies and confirmed each other's
results. When discrepancies were due only to misunderstandings, the distributions were
quickly adjusted. The allocations were then looked at independently by two other writers. In
the end, the four writers discussed and worked together to resolve the issues at hand until
they reached an agreement over how each item would be distributed. To increase the
analysis's relevance and usefulness, the writers gave labels to each key area after arriving at
the final category system. After producing the labels individually at first, the writers
compared, debated, and then decided on them as a group based on a review of the traits
within the important areas. These labels use the principal themes in the respective key area to
pinpoint the precise direction of change. We found, for example, that "smart, connected, and
customizable products" was a workable subject in the crucial field of "product." In the part
that follows, we go into considerable detail regarding the outcomes of our review. Especially
from DT because to their special attributes, also referred to as digital characteristics, which
primarily consist of their self-referential nature, reprogramming capability, and data
homogenization ability (Yoo, 2010). Concurrently, the introduction and proliferation of
digital technologies have led to an increase in the accessibility of data, hence boosting the
importance of machine learning and data analytics for businesses (Weichert, 2017). When
digital technologies are introduced into an organization, they interact with organizational
antecedents, particularly management and organizational features. Organizational attributes
encompass an entity's assets, procedures, principles, and ethos (Dewan et al., 2003), in
addition to its approach and legacy, encompassing the organization's past history (Devadoss
and Pan, 2007). Conversely, managerial attributes rely on TMT's comprehension of the
Reducing Carbon Emission prior to starting DT. Positivity regarding change and technology
could be one method to illustrate this (Dery et al., 2017). It is clear that material and
organizational antecedents are influenced by environmental antecedents, especially those
pertaining to the country, industry, and customer. These include the legislative frameworks
and actions that make up a country's physical and legal environment (Cortet et al., 2016), but
they also include technologically driven industry dynamics, like changing industry
technological landscapes (Alos-Simo et al., 2017). Furthermore, customer characteristics—
more especially, digital consumer demand—influence DT. Consumers expect to always have
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access to digital resources (Benlian et al., 2018), and they rely more and more on digital
devices for their everyday activities and social interactions (Brynjolfsson et al., 2013).
Hedström and Swedberg (1998) state that methods are commonly employed to establish a
connection between input and output variables. We found that businesses use innovation and
integration the most when trying to conceptualize and execute digital transformation (Daniel
and Wilson, 2003). 2013; Yoo and Henfridsson). While integration involves integrating
newly acquired resources, processes, and capabilities with pre-existing resources, processes,
and capabilities, innovation mechanisms involve using newly acquired resources, processes,
and capabilities within the organization (Ranganathan et al., 2003). We found that DT
integrates originality into innovation approaches' operational and strategic dimensions.
Making an energy consumption plan, for instance, is a crucial strategy-related task. It
integrates business and technological components (Dhar and Sundararajan, 2007), transcends
organizational boundaries (Bharadwaj et al., 2013), and is based on data insights (Sia et al.,
2016). The mobilization and acceleration of the environmental effect by TMTs is another
important facet of the digital revolution. Recruiting a new generation of workers and
fostering digital attitudes are two of the goals of this (e.g., Matzler et al., 2018; Hansen et al.,
2011). Organizations must make the most of their digital capabilities, with a more operational
emphasis ingrained in their strategic planning. These skills are mostly associated with digital
platform skills (e.g., Karimi and Walter, 2015), big data analytics skills (e.g., Hausladen and
Zipf, 2018), and online informative skills (Barua et al., 2004). Finally, the holistic co-
evolution approach on DT combines a considerable emphasis on intra-organizational change
processes with a rather broad contextual reach. This perspective demonstrates how companies
react to complex environmental changes. For example, Lucas and Goh (2009) describe how
Kodak struggled to adapt internally as a result of several demand-side and technological
developments. Eventually, this led to financial crises and a significant reorganization of the
business. Similar to this, Sia et al. (2016) describe how companies are altering their
organizational cultures and leadership philosophies in addition to creating flexible and
scalable digital infrastructures. They must continually navigate a rapidly evolving digital
landscape during this process, as new and widely used digital technologies like smartphones
lead to dramatic changes in consumer expectations and behavior. Works that take this
viewpoint are helpful to the field of DT research because they shed light on how businesses
modify their organizational structures to fit the ever-changing energy consumption
environments around them.
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However, this point of view is difficult to put into practice because there are a lot of variables
that can be examined in relation to organizational design and energy consumption
ecosystems. Additionally, DT analysis from such an all-encompassing perspective could lead
to less information being covered for certain components; for example, the peculiarities of
specific digital technologies cannot be examined and considered to the same extent as with
the technological effect perspective.
2.1 Knowledge gap

Since digital transformation is still in its early stages of adoption in Sri Lanka, businesses
must make sure that their data is protected. This is something that has lately come to light.
This study looks at workers' emotional and coping responses to an Reducing Carbon
Emission. Therefore, it is vital to investigate how strategies are affected by information
collecting, information transformation, application, and learning insurance related to learning
administration skills. This research will fulfill that prerequisite.
Chapter 03
3.0 Research methodology
The background and purpose of the study are explained and discussed in Chapter 3, Research
Methodologies. The key elements of significance in this chapter include the explanation of
the research onion, population sampling, data collecting, researcher role, generalizability,
validity, reliability, data analysis, conceptual framework, hypothesis statement, and ethical
considerations. Finally, it emphasizes technology. (study.com, 2023)
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3.1 Research Onion
Figure 3 Research Onion
3.1.1 Positivism
Natural scientists embrace positivism as a philosophical perspective because science is
founded on observable social components. The foundation of any research plan is the
formulation of hypotheses and the collection of data. These hypotheses will be looked into
and tested, and the findings will be used in subsequent research. This theory also explains
why positivist researchers promote hypothesis testing with a highly structured technique.
Furthermore, positivism is based on quantifiable observations, which make statistical analysis
easier.
Justification
Positive research denotes the existence of empirical data that is not related to the study
question. I'd like to look into it more. Positive theory is investigated and verified by
positivism before any conclusions are made. Positive thinkers consider personal experience to
be a reliable source of knowledge. However, many fundamental concepts, such as time,
space, and causation, don't require actual experience. In this study report, we have principally
examined the digital transformation, its benefits, and potential obstacles based on the work of
many subject matter experts. All of the applications that we examined came from employees
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of a digital transformation organization located in Sri Lanka. The positivist school of
philosophy holds that specific knowledge is based on phenomena, their characteristics, and
their interactions. Empirical evidence is information that has been independently confirmed
by the senses. As a result, positivism has permeated the study of strategies.
3.1.2 Deductive
You would choose the deductive technique if you have developed a set of hypotheses for
your dissertation that must be confirmed or refuted throughout the research process. The
study used a deductive approach to assess the effects of labor mobility across the European
Union by generating hypotheses that are subsequently examined throughout the research
process.
Justification
The primary focus of the study is how strategies are affected by threats related to digital
transformation. Using a deductive approach, the researcher develops a set of hypotheses at
the beginning of the study. The hypotheses are then investigated to see if they are true using
the appropriate research methods. Conducting research using a "top to bottom" approach
makes sense. I made the decision to do my research logically as a result. Natural disasters
associated with an underlying problem are linked to the consequences of a digital
transformation, which also jeopardize those involved in the transition.
3.1.3 Survey
The survey is part of the Digital Transformation layer, which is the third layer of the research
onion. The research onion survey technique and the deductive approach are frequently
associated with research questionnaires. It is one of the most effective and affordable research
methods available. This method can be used to collect large amounts of data to answer the
(who, what, where, when, and how) research questions.
Justification
In quantitative research, actions, attitudes, opinions, and other traits are assessed in order to
draw conclusions from a larger sample size. Measurable data is used in quantitative research
to convey facts and spot trends. Results from this type of research are obtained by using
statistical and mathematical methods. In order to determine the purpose and prevalence of an
issue, quantitative data will search for results that can be applied to a larger population.
25
3.1.4 Mono Method
To extract a single kind of information from quantitative data, apply the mono-method. You
may have to do it as philosophy demands it. It could also be necessary when applying
specific philosophical conclusions and techniques. This method can also be used to
investigate the opposing viewpoint found in the mono-technique.
Justification
The two primary methods for gathering data that must be employed are multimethod
approaches and mixed procedures. However, each person has a different approach that is
specific to them. It implies that while employing a hybrid strategy, information needs to be
obtained through both channels, but that the selection procedure must finally change. In
addition, the researcher used a variety of techniques since they needed to gather and evaluate
data from both parties. However, due to the nature of my work, I must collect data using both
qualitative and quantitative techniques.
3.1.5 Cross Sectional

A cross-sectional researcher can typically conduct both qualitative and quantitative research.
It might enable the researcher to observe how a certain feature functions or how a group of
people behave. At one point in time, a researcher may use the same approach to investigate a
subject.
Justification
Researchers can compare several factors at once by employing a cross-sectional study design.
We could investigate the impacts of income, gender, age, and educational achievement on
walking distance and cholesterol levels at little to no additional expense. I'm doing my
research, including this study, utilizing a quantitative technique as a result. I can only visit for
little periods of time as a result. As a result, I made the decision to do a cross-sectional time
horizon study soon.
3.1.6 Data Collection & Analysis

Primary data
This was acquired from the original source of the data. The old data provided decision-
makers with more confidence even though the trustworthy analysis showed a clear link to the
26
events' occurrence. The principal data sources include of surveys, interviews, and
conversations with industry executives and lower-level employees in addition to observations
and photos of the industrial workplace.
Secondary data
Data from a variety of secondary sources were gathered through the thorough review. Each
industrial sector's reports and project materials are more significantly weighted toward the
medium and large levels. The remaining information acquired for the desk review came from
reports, manuals, and some management documents from the firms. Firm manuals, reports,
and management documents comprised the remaining secondary data sources; one of them
was OSH literature. For the evaluation, information was also acquired from current working
papers, manuals, procedures, reports, statistical data, legislation, and standards.
For the most part, the desk review for this research study is finished. It has been improved
and changed in light of the manuals and documents obtained from Carbon Emission. During
the data analysis stage of this study, the investigator employed the most recent version of the
SPSS software.
The most recent version of the SPSS software was used to do the data analysis for this
investigation.
3.2 Population and Sampling

Table 2 Population and Sampling
No Target Audience Population Sampling
1 Carbon Emission Elite Branch 110 30

2 Carbon Emission of Ceylon PLC 75 20
3 Carbon Emission 50 15
4 Carbon Emission Union Place 30 5
5 Total 265 70
27
Sri Lankan company Carbon Emission provided the data. Out of the 110 employees at
Carbon Emission Elite Branch, a sample was acquired from 30 of the employees, and 20
samples were obtained from the 75 employees at Carbon Emission of Ceylon PLC. Fifteen
Carbon Emission employees were chosen, and fifteen samples were collected. In the end, five
out of the thirty employees of Carbon Emission Union Place were chosen as the population
sample. In order to collect data for the instructional study, 70 samples of respondents and 265
employees from four Carbon Emission work place were chosen as research participants.
3.3 Role of Researcher

The aim of this study is to investigate a traditional study problem that the investigator is
looking into. To assist in achieving this objective, the researcher has chosen a research topic.
After that, the researcher searched for information sources to develop a study topic that
complemented my idea. The investigator gathered the data for this inquiry after deciding on
the research topic. The researcher then looked through the collected data. In the end, the
researcher reached a determination and offered a recommendation. In order to better
understand the systematic goal of the quantitative study, the researcher employed quantitative
research for this investigation, which was led by a conceptual model.
3.4 Conceptual framework

This section assesses a research framework used to examine how DT impacted strategies .
Figure 4 Conceptual framework
28
3.5 Generalizability
The capacity of experimental results to be applicable to other similar social environments and
sectors is known as "generalizability" in research. The study's conclusions also apply to the
medical industry.
3.6 Data collection

In Sri Lanka, obtaining data from Carbon Emission is referred to as data collecting. Two
methods were employed by the researcher to collect data for this study. Primary source
information is the foundation of data collection. A survey and a questionnaire were used to
collect primary data for this investigation. Secondary data collecting is an additional tactic
that involves obtaining and analyzing information that has previously been finished by
another party. The researcher obtained journals, publications, and secondary data for this
study.
3.7 Hypothesis Collection

Q1: What is the effect of Energy Consumption on digital transformation at Carbon Emission
in Sri Lanka?
H0: There is no significant relationship between Energy Consumption and digital

transformation.
Ha1: There is a significant relationship between Energy Consumption and digital

transformation.
Q2: What are the impacts of E-Waste Generation on digital transformation at Carbon
Emission in Sri Lanka?
H0: There is no significant relationship between E-Waste Generation and digital

transformation.
29
Ha1: There is a significant relationship between E-Waste Generation and digital
transformation.
Q3: What are the impacts of Carbon Emissions on digital transformation at Carbon Emission
in Sri Lanka?
H0: There is no significant relationship between Carbon Emissions and digital

transformation.
Ha1: There is a significant relationship between Carbon Emissions and digital transformation.
3.8 Ethical consideration

This research study made it easy to draw the boundary dividing activities that are acceptable
and unpleasant. It was done without taking into account a person's age, sex, handicap, or
affiliation with any other group.
3.9 Timeline
Figure 5 Time Limit
30
Chapter 04 - Investigation of the Result and Analysis
4.0 Introduction
The principal objective of this research is to ascertain and evaluate the effects of insecurity at
Carbon Emission work place. Put another way, this study set out to ascertain whether Carbon
Emission was exhibiting any encouraging indications of security problems and, if so, what
steps could be taken to build upon or adopt these influences at additional Carbon Emission
locations. The purpose of this chapter is to look at the problem this study aims to tackle and
explain why it was done. Finally, the research question, research purpose, and delamination
of the report are highlighted. This chapter covers statistical analysis in order to create relevant
discoveries and conclusions. To facilitate easy analysis, all of the data is compiled and
presented in data analysis. The component of this study consists of two parts: descriptive
analysis and inference analysis.
4.1 Field survey

The data used in this study came from primary sources. The questionnaire served as the main
source of information. The poll was well-structured, with a five-point Likert scale used to
indicate respondents' majors. Employees at Carbon Emission work place were given seventy
questionnaires, and the questionnaire responses made up the sample size. Issues with the
questionnaire survey were discovered during the data collecting period, one of which being
the researcher's short window of time to get replies from the respondents for the eighteen
questions. Another issue was that the researcher had to meet the respondents in multiple
places. As a result, the researcher was unable to travel far. The researcher discovered a
workaround for these main issues. That is the Google Forms-based online survey.
Consequently, the investigator may effortlessly utilize Google to obtain the participants'
answers.
4.2 Descriptive analysis

Descriptive statistics are used to characterize the fundamental properties of the data in a
study. The measurements and sample are briefly analyzed by the researchers. Researchers
perform the majority of quantitative data analyses, beginning with the most basic graphical
analysis. There are situations in which descriptive and inferential statistics are different.
Simply said, researchers utilize descriptive statistics to explain what the data reflects or is.
You're attempting to use inferential statistics to draw conclusions that extend beyond the facts
31
at hand. For example, we use inferential statistics to try and determine what the population
would assume based on the sample data. Alternatively, inferential statistics can be employed
by researchers to determine the reliability of any group difference found in this study vs the
possibility of chance. For this reason, researchers utilize inferential statistics to infer general
conditions from our data, while descriptive statistics are employed to just explain what is
happening in our data.
4.2.1 Age respondent

Seventy replies were received to the questionnaire; the age distribution of the respondents in
my study is shown in this pie chart.
Figure 6 Age respondent
This pie chart shows the responses from 53.33% of respondents in the 30-39 age group,
28.67% in the under-30 age range, 15.33% in the 40-49 age range, and 2.67% in the 50-59
age range.
32
4.2.2 Gender respondent
Figure 7 Gender respondent

This pie chart shows that 63.33% of respondents were male and 36.67% of respondents were
female.
33
4.2.3 Ethnicity
Figure 8 Ethnicity
This pie chart shows that Carbon Emission Union Place, Carbon Emission of Ceylon PLC,
Carbon Emission Elite Branch, and Carbon Emission each represent a number of ethnic
groupings. This graphic displays 32.67% Hindu respondents, 18.67% Sinhala speakers,
46.0% Muslims, and 2.67% non-religious respondents. We are Sri Lankans even though this
is a multireligious response.
34
4.2.4 Educational qualifications
Figure 9 Educational qualifications
Based on the study I conducted, the analysis response to educational credentials in this pie
chart shows a high percentage of 6.67% for PhDs and 40% for master's degrees. Of the total,
39.33% are graduate students. At the certificate and diploma levels, there are 7.33% and
6.67% of responders, respectively.
35
4.2.5 Cluster bar chart for gender and age of the respondents
Figure 10 Cluster bar for gender and age
65.1% of respondents were under 30, and 34.9% of respondents were female. Men made up
62.5% of the replies in this age group, while women made up 37.5%. There are 73.9% male
respondents, 26.1% female respondents, and 100% female responses in the 50–59 age group.
These are the people who replied to my study based on their age and gender.
36
4.2.6 Cluster bar chart for educational qualification and gender of the respondents
Figure 11 cluster bar for education and gender
This bar shows the educational backgrounds of the respondents. Males constituted 81.8% of
certificate holders compared to 18.2% of females; 100% of diploma holders compared to
25.4% of females; 46.7% of master's holders compared to 53.3% of females; and 40% of PhD
holders compared to 60% of females.
37
4.3 Inference analysis
Examining the result and drawing inferences from data with random fluctuations is known as
inference analysis. It is also known as inferential statistics. Applications of statistical
inference include hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. Statistical inference is the
practice of using random sampling to infer features about a population. It makes it easier to
evaluate how the independent and dependent variables are related.
4.3.1 Definition of the variables

Independent variables are denoted by the phrases "energy consumption," "e-waste
generation," and "carbon emissions" (IE). Dependent variable with an emphasis on Carbon
Emission in Sri Lanka, the digital transformation (DT) approach is applied to investigate how
security concerns impact DT. Table 4 displays the variables' expected sign. Independent
variables are utilized since it is considered that they have a positive association.
Table 3 Definition of variables

Variables Definitions Expected Sign
EC Energy Consumption +
EG E-Waste Generation +
CE Carbon Emissions +
DT Digital transformation N/A
38
4.3.2 Descriptive statistics
Energy Consumption (EC)
Table 4 Descriptive Statistic of EC
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Skewness Kurtosis

Deviation
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statist Statistic Statistic Std. Statistic Std.

ic Error Error
DB 70 2 4 2.99 .563 .366 .287 -.294 .566

Valid N
70
(listwise)
Table 5 displays the mean of independent criteria evaluated as Energy Consumption (EC)
based on the comments obtained. This value is 2.99. This is a result of the data set having
both high and low scores. In terms of skewness scores, the data set has a standard deviation
of 0.56, despite this parameter only having a score of 0.36. The distribution is somewhat
symmetrical in terms of skewness, with kurtosis values of -0.29.
E-Waste Generation (EG)

Table 5 Descriptive Statistic of EG

Deviation
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Statistic Std.

Error Error
DS 70 1 4 2.85 .675 .157 .287 -.572 .566

Valid N
70
(listwise)
The mean for independent factors seen of e-waste generation (EG) is 2.85, according to the
responses gathered (Table 6). This is a result of the data set having both high and low scores.
The parameter has a skewness score of 0.15 and the data set has a standard deviation of 0.67.
The distribution's skewness is comparatively symmetrical, with kurtosis values of -0.57.
39
Carbon Emissions (CE)
Table 6 Descriptive Statistic of CE

Deviation
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Statistic Std.

Error Error
IE 70 1 4 2.81 .663 -.037 .287 -.431 .566

Valid N
70
(listwise)
The mean for independent components perceived of Carbon Emissions (CE) is 2.81 (Table 7)
based on the responses that were received. This is a result of the data set having both high
and low scores. The skewness scores in the data set have a standard deviation of 0.66. This
measure receives a score of -0.03 for skewness. The distribution's skewness is fairly
symmetrical, with a kurtosis score of -0.43.
40
4.3.3 Nature of Dependent variable
Table 7 Test of Normality
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
DT .126 70 .000 .975 70 .174
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Figure 12 Histogram of DT
According to the normalcy test, the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov 0.000 values are
both extremely significant. Figure 12 displays the dependent variable's normal distribution.
Variables come in different varieties: nominal, ordinal, dichotomous, and discrete. This
situation lacks distinct values, and there shouldn't be a rigid foundation for the discrete
values.
41
4.3.4 Correlation Analysis
Correlation analysis is a statistical technique used to evaluate the strength of a link between
two numerically measured continuous variables (e.g., weight and height).
Correlation between Energy Consumption and Digital transformation

Table 8 Correlation between EC and DT
Correlations
EC DT
Pearson Correlation 1 .151

EC
LMS Sig. (2-tailed) .213
N 70 70
Pearson Correlation .151 1
OP
DT Sig. (2-tailed) .213
N 70 70
The Pearson correlation coefficient is less than 0.5, and the significance threshold is at 0.01
(2-tiled). Energy consumption and digital transformation are found to be somewhat positively
correlated (0.151), suggesting a linear relationship and statistical significance (see table 9).
Correlation between E-Waste Generation and Digital transformation

Table 9 Correlation between EG and DT
Correlations
EG DT
Pearson Correlation 1 .164

EG
OS Sig. (2-tailed) .174
N 70 70
Pearson Correlation .164 1
OP
N 70 70
The Pearson correlation coefficient is less than 0.5, and the significance threshold is at 0.01
(2-tiled). E-waste generation and digital transformation are found to be positively correlated
(0.164). This implies that the correlation was substantial and that the links are linearly
associated (see table 10).
42
Correlation between Carbon Emissions and Digital transformation
Table 10 Correlation between CE and DT
Correlations
IE DT
Pearson Correlation 1 -.136

CE
OE Sig. (2-tailed) .261
N 70 70
Pearson Correlation -.136 1
OP
N 70 70
The Pearson correlation coefficient is less than 0.0 and the significance threshold is 2.tiled at
0.01. The findings indicate that there is a positive (-0.136) weekly correlation between the
economy and the upcoming digital transformation. This implies that there was a significant
connection and that the links are linearly associated (see table 11).
4.3.5 Regression Analysis

To investigate the link between the dependent variable and more than two independent
variables, regression analysis was used.
Table 11 Regression Model summary
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Square Estimate
a
1 .625 .577 .565 .386
a. Predictors: (Constant), EC, EG, CE
The regression model's three independent variables account for 57.7% of the variance in
digital transformation as a whole, based on the "R square" score. Put differently, 57.7% of the
variability in the digital transformation is accounted for by Energy Consumption (EC), E-
Waste Generation (EG), and Carbon Emissions transformation (CE). The higher the R-
squared Statistic, the better the model matches the data. In this particular case. The data fits
the "best" model.
The "Adjusted R square" of 56.5% (see table 12) indicates the R-squared adjustment that
penalizes the addition of unnecessary predictors to the model. In general, the R2 value is
43
greater than the corrected R2 statistic. Because the R2 statistic decreases when a model has
more variables that are not very important. It is common to say that one aggression model
"fits" the data better than another when the former's adjusted R2 statistic is higher.
Table 12 Aggression analysis Coefficients

Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.

Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 2.658 .400 6.642 .000
EC .491 .083 .132 1.097 .276

1
EG .312 .070 .143 1.180 .242
CE .589 .071 .101 .835 .407
a. Dependent Variable: DT
The unstandardized constant statistic of 2.658 units is shown in the previous table (see table
13). The b coefficient for energy consumption is 0.491. This suggests that, on the whole. If
digital transformation rises by one point on the SE scale, it will rise by 0.491 units. The b
coefficient for e-waste generation is 0.312. This suggests that, on the whole. If the E-Waste
Generation scale is raised by one point, the digital transformation will increase by 0.312
units. The b coefficient for advance protection is 0.558. This suggests that, on the whole. If
the future economic size grows by one point, digital transformation will expand by 0.589
units.
44
Chapter 5 - Conclusion
5.0 Introduction
The impact of security concerns for digital transformation was investigated in the same study,
which focused on Carbon Emission in Sri Lanka. Specifically, the impact of the independent
variable on the dependent variable was ascertained, and by analyzing an independent and a
dependent variable, future research directions that are required to enhance the security
influencing digital transformation to a moderate degree were provided. The following surveys
are suggested by the researcher based on the literature review.
5.1 Revisiting the research methodology and the objectives

By doing descriptive research, the investigator successfully reaches the study's objective and
confirms the methodology and research assumptions. In compliance with the study
methodology, the researcher employed a quantitative strategy for this examination. The
researcher's collection of empirical evidence for this study is characterized as verified facts or
data that are confirmed by the senses. Carbon Emission provided a questionnaire for the
survey. For the instructional research, 265 employees from four Carbon Emission work place
were chosen, with 70 samples of respondents chosen from each branch. To address this
research topic, the researcher will gather and examine data from Carbon Emission during a
seven-month period using the deductive approach.
The data was analyzed by the researcher using SPSS, a statistical analysis computer
application. For this investigation, the researchers employed descriptive, regression,
correlation, and inference analysis. The analysis of variance is used to ascertain whether a
given hypothesis is true. Age, gender, ethnicity, and educational background were among the
demographic data that were gathered from the participants in the study using descriptive
analysis. It makes it easier to examine the link between the independent and dependent
variables (DB, DS, and IE) in inference analysis (DT). Connection analysis is a statistical
method for determining the degree of a numerical correlation between two continuous
variables. Nearly as a conclusion, a relatively positive (0.151) correlation was discovered
between securely enabling and digital transformation, indicating that the correlations were
linear and that the connection was important. In this study, regression analysis is utilized to
gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between digital transformation and energy
consumption, e-waste generation, carbon emissions, and emissions. Analysis of variance is
performed to examine the impact of security concerns on digital transformation. The "R
45
square" result indicates that the three independent variables in the regression model explain
57.7% of the variation in digital transformation overall.
5.2 Finding and the Reengagement with Literature Review

The study project states that the objective of this section is to locate a literature review, which
is a scientific publication that provides current information on a particular issue together with
important theoretical and methodological contributions. The researchers then go on to explain
the problem knowledge gap in the study. Digital transformation, which includes
telecommuting and working from home, is now commonly accepted as the "new normal" due
to COVID-19 and the lockdowns that followed (Davis, Kotowski, Daniel, Gerding, Naylor &
Syck, 2020; Williamson, Colley & Hanna-Osborne, 2020). This section explains how digital
transformation has occasionally benefited some employees in addition to removing the
affordances that the office provides and creating new stressors (e.g., when schools are closed
due to lockdown, employees with parental responsibilities must juggle work and childcare).
A few research projects illustrated the benefits of digital transformation. Bloom, Liang,
Roberts, and Ying (2015) found that working from home improved performance by 13% in a
Chinese study. Furthermore, house workers reported a halving in attrition and an increase in
job satisfaction. A 2009 IBM case study states that women especially valued being able to
work from home, which changed perceptions of productivity. However, given that these
research was done before the pandemic, digital transformation was most likely seen as an
elective feature at the time.
Employee welfare and mental health have deteriorated as a result of the digital revolution,
according to research done during COVID-19. Studies have indicated that the "always on"
work style promoted by digital transformation may result in fatigue on the physical and
mental levels (Hernandez, 2020; Molino et al., 2020).
Fifty percent of the participants expressed dissatisfaction with the work-life balance, while
thirty percent reported feeling alone. Younger workers' mental health is noticeably worse, per
the poll (ISE, 2020). In a survey conducted by King's College London and Ipsos Mori (2020)
among approximately 2000 UK citizens, it was found that 38% of participants had either
slept less or not as well as normal, and 50% said they felt more anxious or depressed than
usual. Still, it should be noted that, in terms of mental health, it might be difficult to discern
between the psychological consequences of a pandemic and the expenses of working from
home.
46
5.3 Extension of Knowledge
The aim of the study project is "Impact of Reducing Carbon Emission on digital
transformation; a special reference to Carbon Emission in Sri Lanka". The researcher's
condition is usually observed during this research with greater attention to detect any changes
as soon as possible. The researcher may also have access to experts in this field, giving them
more professional contacts and a better understanding of the unique circumstances faced by
the learner. Additionally, it facilitates the exploration of more novel topics. During the course
of the study, the investigator discovered Gaining expertise in data analysis, theory and
practice integration, result interpretation, self-assurance, self-production, understanding the
research process, and career path clarity are all important aspects of the job. The main
drawback is that the researcher must pay a high fee and wait a long time to obtain data from
Carbon Emission.
5.4 Suggestion for future research

Additionally, the researcher has made a list of a few subjects for future inquiry. Because this
study used a cross-sectional methodology, data from participants was only collected once. As
a result, the level of consistency between variables is exaggerated. Future research will be
urged to use longitudinal designs in order to eliminate preconceived preconceptions about
explanatory association. Second, the majority of the data for this study came from self-report
questionnaires. Thus, social desirability qualitative research may have an impact on negative
responses. It is recommended that future research in this field start with a range of
foundational sources, such as quantitative or qualitative data from organizational records and
historical data. This analysis focused solely on the Carbon Emission organization work place
industry. Consequently, the same study may be used by other industries, such as information
technology and services.
5.5 personal reflection

The study paper provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the impact of security
concerns on digital transformation, with a focus on Carbon Emission in Sri Lanka. After
deciding on the paper's objective, the researcher started this investigation. Through research
studies, researchers have acquired the knowledge of distinguishing between a group study
and a research paper report. The researchers assert that gathering information from each
respondent individually at one time is the main issue. I have gained a lot of knowledge since I
began my research project, knowledge that has aided me in coming up with ideas and
communicating with study participants. I am happy to report that my ability to think
47
analytically has improved thanks to the research study skills. Another issue I had with my
research was creating a questionnaire. I created a chart with independent and dependent
factors along with a list of the variables in the chart to make it easier for me to identify the
questions that were related to the correlated variables. During the survey, I got the amazing
opportunity to get to know employees from a variety of firms and learn about their
aspirations and ideas for their specialized sectors. As I completed the assignment, I had a
significant hurdle because of the research deadline. In addition to the deadline my tutor has
set, I also have one for my study. I created a schedule with my assignments and other
obligations on it. Dealing with study subjects on a daily basis is appropriate. I've learned to
give my mind time to adjust to a regular work routine.
48
Chapter 6 - Recommendation
6.0 Introduction
Environmental factors have an impact on Carbon Emission's digital transformation in Sri
Lanka, according to the paper. While this chapter covers the doable recommendations that
Carbon Emission should put into practice first. Following the researcher's recommendations
based on the literature evaluation, a study was carried out.
6.1 Recommendation to improve the Energy Consumption
Figure 13 Energy Consumption
Carbon Emission firms must use a top-down approach if they hope to save money through
digitization. It's a widely recognized transformational approach. A leader should serve as an
inspiration to those who follow them. If not, the business needs to replace the current leaders
or train new ones. Businesses run by people who are adept with technology and have an
adaptable mindset typically have little trouble implementing the new procedure. An
atmosphere that is digitally enabled, technologically empowered, and culturally sustainable
can be fostered by a tech-savvy leader. If that wasn't alarming enough, more than half of staff
members at a growing Carbon Emission think they need new leaders who are flexible and
willing to make mistakes. This is why businesses want CEOs who are adept with technology
and can ensure that cross-functional teams establish an environment where workers from
many departments work together to achieve a single objective. A leader that prioritizes
technology will give their team the freedom to try new things, think outside the box, and put
their ideas into action. Your Reducing Carbon Emission programs won't succeed until you
49
communicate effectively. Management communication might break down during planning
and strategy sessions. It is one of the crucial components that will guarantee that your
assignment is completed.
It's common known that during large-scale roll-outs, personnel can become confused about
their tasks, even with a well-thought-out plan in place. This only occurs if there is no room
for misinterpretation in your communication, which is only made feasible by the fact that
each employee is unique and has a unique point of view. Using an Omni channel
communication plan will make your DT efforts much more successful. One-on-one meetings,
video conferencing, email, messaging applications, and in-app notifications are some of the
channels you can use. This will ensure that the information you want to spread around the
company is accurate. It's also critical to know which form of communication is best for a
certain message. Although the term "workforce of the future" may sound pretentious, there is
a need for it. In order to be a Carbon Emission that is prepared for the future, your staff
members must receive training on the newest procedures and technological advancements.
50
6.2 Recommendation to improve the E-Waste Generation
Figure 14 E-Waste Generation
The establishment of a centralized, data-driven architecture connecting the component-based

catalog and automated fulfillment is necessary for turnkey, end-to-end Internet of Everything
services. To deliver end-to-end services, operational and Carbon Emission business support
system (OSS/BSS) capabilities are required to close the gaps between current systems, future
virtualized solutions, and partner platforms. Automation and establishing a unified client and
service view across the Carbon Emission organization are ultimately important. Identifying
their services was cited by over 83% of respondents as a significant issue or concern. Service
providers can, however, take steps to solve this problem, such as maintaining track of order
statuses or developing uniform subscriber opinions. Infrastructure, OSS/BSS, and customer
relationship management should all present a uniform, horizontal view of the subscriber. You
may reduce the amount of time needed to build a new offer, including testing and mapping,
by employing a data-driven strategy. To guarantee order accuracy and minimize fallout, let
Carbon Emission clients select the offers they want to receive independently. Apply policies,
procedures, and standards to every order and fulfillment channel. Follow the order's progress
from initial use to fulfillment and activation.
51
6.3 Recommendation to improve Carbon Emissions
Figure 15 Carbon Emissions
Globalization is hurting Carbon Emission's economy. The global network of economic and
commercial linkages is unraveling, exhibiting more frequent and significant breaks, despite
the fact that trade in goods, services, and technology is shifting geographically and, in certain
instances, expanding. Though trade issues receive most of the attention from politicians and
the media, globalization is complex and involves much more than just international trade. It is
the quality of globalization, not its quantity that matters in terms of human welfare. As a
result, Carbon Emission's gains from global economic integration are decreasing. People
want to live in harmony, earn a good income, raise their families, educate their children, and,
if they can, save money for the future. These goals are shared by people everywhere in the
world. It took decades to reach that basic yet profound level of economic security and
independence, and it was usually associated with greater openness to the world. This has
raised the likelihood of the largest existential threats: aging populations, racial and gender
discrimination, removal of online privacy, climate change, technological stagnation, and the
risk of disease recurrence. Since these threats affect all of humanity, only coordinated
international action will be able to completely mitigate their impacts, making them global in
scale. These dangers are all of an economic character according to Carbon Emission because,
in addition to the immediate harm they do to people, our economic choices and actions have a
big impact on the underlying causes and long-term effects of each risk. In the absence of
international engagement from governments, markets and international institutions have not
been able to provide economic stability. For an economic Carbon Emission to be successful,
it needs to have targeted, aggressive policies that produce results.
52
References
nomensa. 2023. problem-digital-transformation. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.nomensa.com/blog/problem-digital-transformation. [Accessed 22 October
2023].
enterprisersproject. 20222023digital-transformation. [ONLINE] Available at:

https://enterprisersproject.com/what-is-digital-transformation. [Accessed 25 October 2023].
netsolutions. 2023. digital-transformation. [ONLINE] Available at:

https://www.netsolutions.com/insights/challenges-to-a-successful-digital-transformation-and-
how-to-overcome-them/. [Accessed 3 October 2023].
whatfix. 2023. digital-transformation. [ONLINE] Available at:

https://whatfix.com/blog/digital-transformation-challenges/. [Accessed 19 October 2023].
sugmsoft. 2023. digital-transformation-problem-statement. [ONLINE] Available at:

https://www.sugmsoft.com/post/digital-transformation-problem-statement. [Accessed 20
October 2023].
onlinelibrary. 2023. The challenges and experiences of psychotherapists working remotely

during the coronavirus pandemic. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/capr.12326. [Accessed 30 October
2023].impigertech. 2022. resources. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.impigertech.com/resources/blogs. [Accessed 16 October 2023].
gradcoach. 2023. What (Exactly) Is Research Methodology?. [ONLINE] Available at:

https://gradcoach.com/what-is-research-methodology/. [Accessed 16 October 2023].
sciencedirect. 2023. Securing your remote workforce against new phishing attacks.
[ONLINE] Available at:
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2023].
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October 2023].
53
Annexure
Dear Sir/Madam,
Entitled "Impact of Reducing Carbon Emission on digital transformation; a specific focus on

Carbon Emission in Sri Lanka," I was interested in learning more details. The investigator
has chosen to concentrate the investigation on our establishment. Therefore, I kindly request
that you complete this form in order to take part in our survey. It shouldn't take longer than
ten minutes to finish this quiz. This data will be kept private and utilized just for the present
research project.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully,
54
Questionnaire
Section A
Please tick (√) in the bracket to suitable answer correctly.
1. Age
 Less than 30 ( )
 30-39 ( )
 40-49 ( )
 50-69 ( )
2. Gender
 Male ( )
 Female ( )
3. Ethnicity
 Sinhala ( )
 Muslim ( )
 Hindu ( )
 Others ( )
4. Educational qualifications
 Certificate ( )
 Diploma ( )
 Graduate ( )
 Master ( )
 PhD ( )
55
Section B
Please tick (√) in the box to indicate the level of implementation in your remote based on
index below:
Strongly agree = 5; Agree = 4; Neutral = 3; Disagree = 2; strongly disagree = 1
No Statement 5 4 3 2 1
1 How can digital technologies contribute
to reducing carbon emissions in
traditional industries?
2 What role can data analytics play in
optimizing energy usage and reducing
carbon footprints?
3 How do smart grids enable more
efficient energy distribution and
consumption, leading to lower carbon
emissions?
Section C
Please indicate the tick (√) which you agree or disagree with the statement relevant to the
Security enabling to the digital transformation
1 In what ways can the Internet of Things
(IoT) be leveraged to monitor and
control environmental factors for
emission reduction?
2 How does cloud computing contribute
to sustainability efforts and help
organizations lower their carbon
impact?
56
Section D
index below:
1 What are the benefits of utilizing
artificial intelligence in the context of
carbon emission reduction strategies?
2 How can blockchain technology be
applied to enhance transparency and
accountability in carbon reduction
initiatives?
3 What role does 3D printing play in
creating more sustainable and energy-
efficient manufacturing processes?
Section E
security challenge to the digital transformation
1 How do digital platforms facilitate the
sharing economy and contribute to
reduced resource consumption and
emissions?
2 What are the key ways in which remote
work and digital collaboration tools
help decrease carbon emissions from
commuting?
57
Section F
index below:
1 How can the adoption of electric
vehicles be accelerated through digital
solutions, and what impact does this
have on carbon reduction?
2 What are the challenges and
opportunities associated with
implementing digital solutions in
agriculture to reduce carbon emissions?
3 How can digital transformation enhance
the efficiency of supply chains, leading
to lower carbon footprints?
Section G
Advance protected to the digital transformation
1 What innovations in renewable energy
technology are driven by digital
advancements, and how do they
contribute to emission reduction?
2 How can governments leverage
digitalization to enforce and monitor
environmental regulations for effective
carbon emission control?
58
59

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Assessment Cover Sheet

Qualification Pearson BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing and

Unit Learning Outcomes

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the

Declaration of Academic Honesty

Learner Digital Signature: Date Submitted:

 Every Assignment should have an Introduction and Conclusion

Part Expected type of evidence Deadline

1 Proposal – Word document report file 10th June 2023

2 Final Report – Word document report file 30th June 2023

3 Project Diary – Word document report file 8th July 2023

4 Poster – Image File (A2 Size) Jpeg 8th July 2023

5 Presentation - Microsoft PowerPoint file 8th July 2023

It is the responsibility of everyone to act in addressing the challenges of climate change,

The range of topics discussed could cover the following:

 The use of modern methods to reduce carbon emissions in IT network systems.

Project Documents and Structures

PART 1 - Project Proposal Report Structure (Annex-1)

 Main Document The word count should be approximately 2000-3000 words.

PART 2 - Final Project Report Structure (Annex -2)

PART 3 - Project Diary (Annex -3)

PART 4 - Project Poster (Annex -4)

PART 5 - Project Presentation

1. Presentation time 20 minutes

Keywords: Reducing Carbon Emission, digital transformation

Figure 1 Carbon Emission

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Problems Statement

1.4 Research objectives

1.7 Chapter profile

2.1 Knowledge gap

Figure 3 Research Onion

3.1.5 Cross Sectional

3.1.6 Data Collection & Analysis

3.2 Population and Sampling

1 Carbon Emission Elite Branch 110 30

3.3 Role of Researcher

3.4 Conceptual framework

Figure 4 Conceptual framework

3.6 Data collection

3.7 Hypothesis Collection

H0: There is no significant relationship between Energy Consumption and digital

Ha1: There is a significant relationship between Energy Consumption and digital

H0: There is no significant relationship between E-Waste Generation and digital

H0: There is no significant relationship between Carbon Emissions and digital

3.8 Ethical consideration

Figure 5 Time Limit

4.1 Field survey

4.2 Descriptive analysis

4.2.1 Age respondent

Figure 6 Age respondent

Figure 7 Gender respondent

Figure 9 Educational qualifications

Figure 10 Cluster bar for gender and age

Figure 11 cluster bar for education and gender

4.3.1 Definition of the variables

Table 3 Definition of variables

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Skewness Kurtosis

Statistic Statistic Statistic Statist Statistic Statistic Std. Statistic Std.

DB 70 2 4 2.99 .563 .366 .287 -.294 .566