Hello

English

.…………………………………………… _: Name
.…………………………………………… : Grade

By:
Mr. Ahmed Abd
Elgawad
Third Year Secondary School

2020 1
 ‫سلسلة‬
Jewel
‫مالحـظـــــات لـــــغــوية‬
1. another & other & others
another + ‫ اسم مفرد يعد‬/ one (= one more / a different one)
► This tea is nice. I’d like another cup.
► He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one.
 another + (few / number : two, three,….)
► The woman lived for another ten days.
► I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.
one another = each other Aya and Alaa have known one another for years.
another of + ‫اسم الجمع‬ The gold watch was a present from another of his girlfriends.
from one to another She spends the day moving from meeting to another.
 other + )‫ (و أحيانا اسم ال يعد‬/‫اسم جمع يعد‬
► I need to discuss this with other colleagues.
► There was certainly other information. ( ‫)ال تجمع‬
 others + v. ‫يمكن أن تأتى في نهاية الجملة‬
► Some people are rich; others‫ البعض األخر‬are poor.
► Some writers are greater than others‫ اآلخرين‬.
the / some / every / each / many / any / no / (two, three,..) ‫في حالة وجود أحد الكلمات اآلتية‬
: other ‫يستخدم بعدها‬
► Please, John, bring the other chairs here.
► I love my son like any other mother does.
► He gave me one book and kept the other one.
► Steven and three other boys went to the party.
another + few / ‫ اسم جمع آخر‬+ ‫عدد‬
I'd like to extend my stay for another three weeks.
I'd like to stay in Cairo for another few days.
 the other + ‫اسم مفرد يعد‬
I don’t want this shirt. Give me the other one.
2. Most & The most
Most & The most
Like / enjoy ----------------best/most
► Which school subject do you like most? ► I like English best.
Most = nearly all / almost all
Most students passed the test. = Nearly all students passed the test
most = very  I'm most interested in languages.
the most + adj.
 The computer is the most important invention in the 20 th century.
Make the most of = ‫يحقق أقصي استفادة من‬
 He gave me advice on how to make the most of my computer

3. Anniversary – memory – memorial - souvenir

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   Anniversary: ‫ذكري سنوية‬
 They celebrated their 20th wedding anniversary yesterday.
  memory: (‫ ذاكرة ) التعد‬/)‫ذكري(تعد وتجمع ذكريات‬
  School is just a distant memory for me now.
 This man has an amazing memory.
  memorial: ‫ُنصب تذكاري‬
 The statue was erected as a memorial to those who died in the war.
  souvenir: ‫هدية تذكارية‬
well-known
 We brought back a few souvenirs from our holiday in Greece.
Cententary ‫ذكرى مئوية‬
- Next month is the cententary of the king's death.
4. Repair - Reform
Repair - Reform
 Repair: ‫يقوم بإصالح شيء حدث به ضرر أو تلف‬
 They had to repair the roof after the storm.
 Reform: ‫يقوم بإدخال تعديل أو تحسين علي نظام معين‬
 We really need to reform our educational system.
5. Affect – Effect
Affect – Effect
 Affect (V.) ‫ = يؤثر علي‬have an effect on
 I was deeply affected by the film.  The film had a deep effect on me.
:‫ كفعل بمعني ُيحدث أو يسبب‬effect ‫۩ أحيانا ُتستخدم‬
 He effected several changes in the company.
6. Location - destination
 location ‫ مكان‬/ ‫ موضع‬/ ‫موقع‬
 destination )‫الجهة المقصودة (فى السفر‬
 site ‫موقع اثرى \ موقع انشاء‬
Ex: The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.
Our flight will reach our destination at 7 p.m.
The police surrounded the site for fear of explosion.
7. Explore - invent - discover
 explore )‫ احتماالت‬/ ‫يستكشف (مكان‬
 invent )‫يخترع (شئ لم يكن له وجود من قبل‬
 discover ‫يكتشف (شئ كان موجودا من قبل و لكنه كان مجهوال‬
Ex: The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.
The artificial satellite was invented in 1957.
Christopher Columbus discovered America.
8. Route - road
 route )‫ وسيلة (لتحقيق هدف‬/ )‫طريق (من مكان الى اخر‬
 road )‫طريق (سطح صلب طويل ممهد تسير عليع سائل النقل‬
Ex: I live on a bus route so I can easily get to work.
Hard work is the best route to success.
We live on a quiet road.
9. Arrive - arrive at - arrive in- reach- get to
 arrive )‫يصل ( ال يليه مفعول به‬
 arrive at )…school / the station/ the airport( )‫يصل إلى (مكان صغير محدود‬
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  arrive in )Cairo, London, Italy( )‫ مدينة كبيرة‬/ ‫ عاصمة‬/ ‫يصل إلى (دولة‬
 reach ‫يصل إلى (يليه مفعول به) ال يستخدم معها حرف جر‬
۩ reach a decision ‫يصل لقرار‬/ a conclusion ‫يتوصل لنتيجة‬
Ex: The plane has just arrived.
The plane arrived at Cairo Airport on time.
The plane arrived in Cairo on time.
I won't reach the office till noon today
get to ) ‫يصل الى ( مكان كبير أو صغير غالبا بصعوبة‬
* At last, I got to the peak of the mountain.

10. reason (n) for - reason (n) why - queue = line -row
 reason (n) for ing ‫ مبِّر ر( يليها اسم أو فعل ينتهى بـ‬/ ‫سبب‬
 reason (n) why )‫ مبرر (يليها جملة تتكون من فاعل و فعل‬/ ‫سبب‬
 cause (v) ‫يسبب‬
 cause (n) of ) ‫سبب (يليها اسم‬
Ex: I don’t know the reason for his failure.
I don't know the reason why he failed.
What caused the fire?
What was the cause of the fire?
11. queue- line
queue = line )‫طابور (يقف فيه الناس واحدا تلو اآلخر‬
row )‫صف (من الناس أو األشياء جنبا إلى جنب‬
Ex: There is a long queue in front of the ticket office.
I’d like to sit in the second row.
12. be based on - be based in
 be based on ‫يكون معتمد أو قائم علي‬  be based in )‫يكون مقره في (مكان معين‬
● His novel was based on real life. ● The company is based in New York.

 politics )‫السياسة (الخاصة بالدولة ونظام الحكم‬ policy ‫مبدأ أو قاعدة يسير عليها الفرد أو العمل‬
● He was interested in politics and was a good speaker.
● Honesty is the best policy.
13. Hero - Champion
 Hero ‫بطل قصة أو رواية أو شخص قام بعمل عظيم‬  Champion ‫بطل رياضي عادة‬
● The hero of the novel is ten-year-old boy. ● He is the world basketball champion.
14. alike - like-
 Be alike ‫ = متشابه‬look alike ‫يبدو متشابه‬  be like )‫مثل (أداة تشبيه‬
 like (v) ‫يحب‬  look like ‫يشبه‬  unlike ‫علي عكس‬
● The two brothers are very alike. ● She is not like her sister. = She is different from her
sister.
● He likes ice cream very much. ● She looks like her mother.
● Unlike his brother, he was very friendly.
15. Kidnap - hijack - snatch
 Kidnap = abduct ‫يختطف شخص‬  hijack ‫يختطف سفينة أو طائرة‬
 snatch ‫يخطف شيء من شخص‬
● Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists.
● The plane was hijacked by two armed men.
● She snatched the gun from his hand.

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He grabbed his child's arm to stop her from running into the road.
16. couple - pair ---double
 couple ‫زوج وزوجة أو اثنان من نوع واحد‬  pair )‫زوج (شيء واحد مكون من جزأين‬
 double )‫ضعف (العدد أو الكمية‬
● I saw a couple of men get out of the building.
●The couple were married in 1997.
● She bought a pair of brown shoes.
● We need double the amount we already have..
17. alike - like similar -the same
alike ‫متشابه‬ like ‫ يحب‬/ ‫مثل‬
similar ‫ متشابه‬/ ‫مشابه‬ the same ‫نفس الشئ‬
Ex: The children all look very alike.
She looks best in bright, vibrant colours, like red and pink.
Do you like fish?
My father and I have similar views on politics.
My twin sister and I have got the same nose.
18. borrow - lend loan -owe
borrow ‫ يستعير‬/ ‫يستلف‬ lend ‫ يقرض‬/ ‫يسلف‬
loan ‫ يثرض‬/ ‫يسلف‬ owe ‫يدين‬
Ex: He borrowed some money from the bank.
The bank lent the businessman 500000 pounds.
This library loans books, CDs and videotapes.
I owe Janet ten pounds.
19. decide to - decide on -decide that
decide to + ‫يقرر‬ ‫مصدر‬ decide on + ‫يختار‬ ‫اسم‬ Decide that + ‫يقرر‬ ‫جملة‬
Ex: In the end, we decided to go to the theatre.
I've decided on blue for the bathroom.
She decided that she would retire to the country.
20. hero - champion
hero )‫ شخص قام بعمل عظيم‬/ ‫ رواية‬/ ‫بطل (قصة‬ champion )‫بطل (رياضى‬
Ex: The hero of the film is a little boy.
He is the world swimming champion.
21. die - dead -death - deadly
die (v) ‫يموت‬ dead (adj) ‫ميت‬
death (n) ‫موت‬ deadly (adj) ‫ مميت‬/ ‫قاتل‬
Ex: Twelve people died in the accident.
She's been dead for twenty years now.
He never got over the death of his daughter.
Deadly weapons are used in wars.
22. publish -advertise
publish )‫ينشر (كتاب أو صحيفة مثال‬ advertise )‫يعلن عن (سلع أو خدمات‬
Ex: The company has published all his books.
If you want to sell your product, you must advertise it.
23. alive -Life -a life -the life
alive ‫ على قيد الحياة‬/ ‫ حى‬/ ‫عائش‬ Life )‫الحياة (بوجه عام‬
a life )‫حياة ( نوع معين من الحياة‬ the life )‫ شعب‬/ ‫حياة (شخص‬
Ex: He isn’t dead. He’s alive.
Life is full of problems.
He leads a happy life / a life of happiness.
He saved the life of my son.

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 He wrote a book about the life of the Pharaohs.
24. allow -let
allow + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + ‫يسمح‬ ‫مصدر‬ let + ‫يدع‬ ‫ مصدر‬+ ‫مفعول‬
allow + v. + ing ‫يسمح بــ‬
Ex: Father let me go on a tour round Luxor.
Father allowed me to go on a tour round Luxor.
He doesn’t allow smoking in his office.
25. steal -rob
steal (‫)يأتى بعده الشئ المسروق‬ rob ‫يسرق من مكان أو شخص‬
Ex: The thieves stole five million dollars from the bank.
They robbed a bank last week.
Someone robbed me last night.
Someone robbed me of my watch last night

26. Find -Found

Find / found / found ‫يجد‬ ۩ Found / founded / founded ‫يؤسس‬
 Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease.
 The town was founded by English settlers.
 Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. ‫االحترام المتبادل‬
27. molten -melted
molten ) ‫منصهر (ُتستخدم مع المواد التي تنصهر عند درجة حرارة عالية جدا مثل المعادن والصخوَر‬
۩ melted / ‫ منصهر‬/ ‫ غير متجمد‬melted chocolate / melted butter
28. use - use up -used
use ‫يستخدم‬ ۩ use up ‫ يستنفد‬/ ‫يستهلك‬ ۩ used ‫مستعمل‬
 Can I use your phone?.
 We used up all the sugar. We need to buy some.  He bought a used car.
29. leave - leave for
leave )‫ُيغادر (مكان‬ ۩ leave for ‫ يذهب إلي‬/ ‫ُيغادر متجها إلي‬
 He left the house by the back door.
 He left for London yesterday.
30. hear - listen to
hear )‫يسمع (بدون قصد‬ listen to )‫(بقصد‬ ‫ يستمع الى‬/ ‫ينصت الى‬
● Hear of / about ‫يسمع عن شيء أو شخص‬
● hear from )‫يتلقي أخبارا من (خطاب أو رسالة أو مكالمة‬
● Have you ever heard of William Shakespeare?
● I'm looking forward to hearing from my friend.
She heard a noise outside.
What kind of music do you listen to?
31. split - spill - spell -
split / split / split ‫ يشطر‬/ ‫ ينشطر‬/ ‫ ينفصل‬/‫ينقسم‬ spill / spilt / spilt ‫ ينسكب‬/ ‫يسكب‬
spell / spelt /spelt ‫يتهجى‬
Ex: When atoms split, enormous amounts of energy are released.
The milk spilt all over the floor.
Did I spell your name right?
32. lie - lay
lie / lied / lied ‫يكذب‬ lie / lay /lain ) ‫ يقع ( للمكان‬/ ‫ ينام‬/ ‫يرقد‬
lay / laid / laid ‫ُة‬
‫ ُيرِّتب‬/ ‫ ُيِع ّد‬/ ) ‫ تبيض (الدجاج‬/ ‫يضع‬

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Ex: Don’t lie to me. I know everything.
He lay in bed listening to the birds singing.
The town lies to the east of the river.
He laid the book on the table.
The hens have laid a lot of eggs.
She laid the table for four people.
33. melt -molten smelt
melt )‫ ينصهر (بالحرارة‬/ ‫يصهر‬ molten )‫منصهر (فى درجة حرارة عالية مثل الصخور و المعادن‬
smelt ‫يستخرج المعدن من الخام‬
Ex: The snow usually melts by mid March.
Molten rocks rushed out of the well.
Iron ore ‫ خام‬is smelted in Helwan factory.

34. run out- run out of -run on - -run after

run out )‫ينفذ (ال يتبعه مفعول به‬ run out of )‫يستهلك (يتبعه مفعول به‬
run on ‫ يدور بــ‬/ ‫يعمل بــ‬ run after ‫يطارد‬
Ex: We need to find forms of energy that will never run out.
We've run out of milk – can you go to the shop and get some?
Many cars nowadays run on petrol with no lead ‫ رصاص‬in it.
The police ran after the thieves who robbed the bank.
35. instead of- instead
instead of + v. + ing ‫بدال من‬ instead )‫بدال من ذلك (تأتى أخر الجملة‬
Ex: Instead of eating at home, we went to a restaurant.
There's no coffee - would you like a cup of tea instead?
36. way of - way to
way of + v. + ing of + v. + ing( ‫وسيلة لـ (يليها‬
way to + ‫مصدر‬ ) + to ‫أو (مصدر‬
Ex: There are many ways of solving the problem.
That's not the way to do it - let me show you.
37. Special- private
Special (= not ordinary) ‫ متميز‬/‫من نوع خاص‬
Special care ‫ رعاية خاصة‬, special attention ‫ اهتمام خاص‬special occasion ‫ مناسبة‬/ train /
clothes / care ‫ رعاية‬/ friend
The government gives special care to reclaiming the desert.
This is a special kind of cloth.
private ‫( تفيد الملكية‬opposite: public ‫)عام‬
a private school ‫مدرسة خاصة‬ a private hospital ‫ مستشفي خاص‬private car / school /
letter / life / hospital .
This is my private life. You have no right to interfere.‫يتدخل‬.
38. Profession –Work- Job -Career-post
Profession ‫مهنة أو عمل يتطلب قدرا كبيرا من التدريب والتعليم مثل الطب والمحاماة والتدريس‬
He left the teaching profession to set up his own business.
Work: ‫العمل بصفة عامة وال تجمع‬
Peter's work involves a lot of travelling. I have a lot of work to do.
Work: )‫يقوم بتشغيل ( آلة مثال‬
Do you know how to work (=operate) this coffee machine?

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 :‫ يصبح معناها مؤلفات أو أعمال فنية أو أدبية‬work ‫اذا ُج مَعت كلمة‬
a work of art  works of art
work ) ‫ مكان العمل ( اسم ال يعد و ال يسبقها أداة‬/ ‫عمل‬
a work of )‫ هندسى‬/ ‫ أدبى‬/ ‫عمل (فنى‬
works ‫أعمال فنية أو أدبية‬
Ex: It takes a lot of work to build a house.
Mr Mark leaves work at two o’clock every day.
Abu Simbel is an amazing work of engineering ‫عمل هندسى رائع‬
Egypt has many amazing works of engineering ‫أعمال هندسية رائعة‬
Job: ‫وظيفة (تجمع) و تشير إلي عمل منتظم يقوم به الشخص لكسب المال‬
When she left college, she got a job as a secretary.
She has applied for a job with an insurance company.
Career: ‫ الفترة التي يقضيها الشخص في وظيفة معينة‬/ ‫المستقبل الوظيفي‬
He has a long career in journalism. ‫الصحافة‬
:post‫وظيفة مهمة‬
.She has got the post of sales manager *
39. Experience-experiences -experiment
experience )‫) خبرة (اسم ال يعد و ال يسبقها أداة نكرة و يقصد بها المعرفة و المهارات التى يكتسبها االنسان فى العمل‬
experiences )‫ تجارب (و يقصد بها األحداث التى يمر بها االنسان فى حياته‬/ ‫مواقف‬
experiment )‫تجربة (تستخدم عندما نتحدث عن العلماء و أبحاثهم‬
Ex: I'm afraid I don't have much sales experience.
His experiences in Germany were rather depressing.
They did a number of experiments last week.
40. routine -red tape
routine )‫الروتين اليومي (ما يقوم به الشخص من أعمال في نفس الوقت يوميا‬
 red tape ‫روتين اإلجراءات الرسمية‬
Dressing is a task which we do every day as a matter of routine.
We must get rid of the red tape in government offices.
41. mend -amend
 mend )‫يقوم بإصالح (شيء تالف أو ال يعمل‬
 amend ‫يقوم بإجراء تعديل أو تغيير في نص أو قانون‬
The plumber came to mend the burst pipe.
The constitution ‫ الدستور‬was amended some time ago.
42. abroad -aboard
 abroad ‫الخارج‬  aboard ‫علي متن سفينة أو طائرة أو قطار‬
My father travelled abroad on business.
They finally went aboard the plane.
43. other than - rather than -otherwise
 other than = except ‫ما عدا‬
 rather than = in preference to / instead of ‫ مفضال شيء علي آخر‬/ ‫بدال من‬
 otherwise = except ‫وإال‬
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
 You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus.

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 44. win - beat - - gain -earn
win (won / won) )‫ يكسب (يأتى بعده الشئ الذى نفوز به أو نكسبه‬/ ‫يفوز بـ‬
beat (beat / beaten) )‫ يتغلب على (يأتى بعده الشخص أو الفريق المهزوم‬/ ‫يهزم‬
gain (gained / gained) ‫ يزداد‬/ ‫يكتسب‬
earn (earned / earned) )‫يكسب (من العمل الجاد‬
Ex: win: (a medal ‫ ميدالية‬/ a cup ‫ كأس‬/ a race ‫ سباق‬/ a competition ‫ مسابقة‬/
a match / a game an award / a prize) ‫ يكسب‬/ ‫يفوز بـ‬
beat: (someone ‫ شخص‬/ a team ‫)فريق‬ ‫يهزم‬
gain: experience ‫خبرة‬/information ‫ معلومات‬/ Knowledge ‫معرفة) يكتسب‬
(weight ‫ وزن‬/ height ‫طول‬/ speed ‫يزداد )سرعة‬
earn money / his living)‫ عيشه (من العمل الجاد‬/ ‫يكسب المال‬
45. habit - custom- tradition
habit ) ‫عادة (شخصية‬ custom ‫عرف سائد فى المجتمع‬
Ex: I wish I could stop smoking. It is a very bad habit.
It is a custom in Western Europe for little boys to wear short pants ‫ بنطلون‬to school.
tradition ‫شـئ مـوروث‬
She wrote under a pen name because of the traditions she was brought up in.

46. shy - ashamed

shy )‫خجول (بطبيعته‬ ۩ ashamed )‫يحس بالذنب والخجل (بسبب خطأ ما‬
► He was a quiet, shy man.
► I felt ashamed of the things I'd said to him.
47. find -exist
find ‫يجد‬ ۩ exist ‫ يعيش‬/ ‫يكون موجود‬
►I couldn't find Andrew's telephone number.
►I don't think ghosts exist.
►Few people can exist without water for more than a week.
48. contain - consist - include- Enclose
۩ include ‫يشمل‬ ۩ contain )‫ يحتوي علي (بداخله‬consist (of) ‫يتكون من‬
►Tax and service are included in the bill.
►Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
►The football team consists of eleven players.
► He enclosed a photo with the letter.
49. accompany - company
۩ company ‫ ُص حبة‬/ ‫شركة‬ ۩ accompany ‫يصطحب‬
►He works for a company that makes software.
►It was a long journey and I was grateful for his company.
►Depression is almost always accompanied by insomnia.
50. Be able to -Enable -capable
Be able to + ‫يكون قادر على‬ ‫مصدر‬ Enable … to + ‫ من‬... ‫يمكن‬ ‫مصدر‬
Be capable of + v. + ing ‫يكون قادر على‬
Ex: I'm sorry that I wasn't able to phone you yesterday.
Only the Democratic Party is capable of running the country.
Computers enable us to work faster.
51. By -In - On
By car / by taxi / by plane / by train / boat ‫ قبل وسائل المواصالت اذا لم يسبقها شئ‬by ‫نستخدم‬

9
/ ship / bus
In a (the/ my) car / taxi ‫ إذا سبقهما شيء‬car / taxi‫ قبل‬in ‫تستخدم‬
On a (the / his) plane / train / boat / bus / ‫ قبل باقي وسائل المواصالت إذا سبقها شيء‬on ‫وتستخدم‬
ship
On foot / on horseback ‫و لكن نقول‬
Ex: They travelled across Europe by train / car.
We travelled to Alex in our car.
She'll be arriving on the five-thirty train.
It'd be quicker to get there on foot.
52. made of -made from- made by -made in
۩ be made of: )‫مصنوع من (مادة ال تتغير خواصها‬
This watch is made of gold.
۩ be made from: )‫مصنوع من (مادة أو أكثرتتغير خواصها‬
This cake is made from flour, butter and milk.
۩ be made by: )‫مصنوع بواسطة (مبني للمجهول‬
 This hat was made by a friend of mine.
۩ be made in: )‫مصنوع في (مكان معين‬
 A lot of products are now made in China.
53. wander - wonder
۩ wander ‫يتجول‬ ۩ wonder ‫ يتعجب‬/ ‫ يستغرب‬/ ‫يتساءل‬
He wandered around the mall for half an hour.
I wonder if I could borrow your car.
Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.
54. quiet - quite - quit
۩ quiet ‫هاديء‬ ۩ quite ‫ الي حد ما‬/ ‫تماما‬ ۩ quit ‫ يتوقف عن‬/ ‫ يغادر‬/ ‫يترك‬
We'll have to be quiet so as not to wake the baby.
The food in the canteen is quite good.
That's quite a different matter.
She's going to quit her job.
55. connect - contact -
۩ connect something to something ‫يوصل بجهاز‬
First connect the printer to the computer.
۩ connect something with something ‫ يرتبط بـ‬/ ‫يوصل‬
The railway link would connect Tanta with Cairo.
There was nothing to connect him with the crime.
contact ‫يتصل بـ‬
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.
56. climate -weather- atmosphere
۩ climate: )‫المناخ (الظروف الجوية السائدة في مكان ما علي مدي سنوات‬
This part of the country has a dry climate.
۩ weather: )‫حالة الجو (من حيث درجة الحرارة والرطوبة وغيرها في فترة قصيرة‬
The weather today is so hot.
۩atmosphere ‫ـ مـا يحيـط األرض أو المكـان‬: ‫ الغـالف الجـوي‬
Atmosphere is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.

10
 57. ground - floor - Soil- land- the earth
ground )‫أرض (خارج المنزل‬
floor )‫أرضية (المنزل‬
Soil )‫تربة (تلقى فيها البذور‬
Land ‫اليابسة‬
The earth ‫الكرة األرضية‬
Ex: There is a great hole in the ground behind my house.
The glass fell off the table and scattered ‫ يتناثر‬on the floor.
Some plants grow in a muddy soil.
We were about to die but finally we reached the land.
The earth is round.
58. like - would like
like + v. + ing\ to + inf ‫يحب‬ would like + to + ‫يريد‬ ‫مصدر‬
Ex: I like playing tennis.
I would like to play tennis tonight.
59. manage -Succeed
manage to + ‫يتمكن من‬ ‫مصدر‬ Succeed in + v. + ing / ‫ينجح فى‬ ‫اسم‬
Ex: He managed to cross the Nile.
He succeeded in crossing the Nile.
He succeeded in the driving test.
60. commute - travel -commuter - traveler
commute from .. to .. / commute between .. and … ‫يسافر يوميا الي مكان العمل ومنه‬
commute ‫ُيخفف العقوبة‬
travel ‫يسافر أو السفر عموما‬
commuter ‫مسافر يوميا الى مكان العمل و منه باشتراك موسمى‬
traveler ‫المسافر عموما‬
Ex: The train was packed with commuters.
This hotel is for serious travellers, rather than tourists.

61. Remind -Remember- Remembering

 Remind someone to do something / Remind someone of something ‫يذكر شخص بشيء‬
● Remember = ‫ يتذكر‬remember about ‫يتذكر عن‬
I can’t remember her name.‫يتذكر‬
Please, remind me to bring my camera.
He reminded me of my promise. Remember me to your family. ‫بلغ تحياتي إلى األسرة‬
Remembering ●
He is good at remembering names.

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 62. Compare -Compared -comparison
compare … to …. ‫ بـ‬... ‫يشبه‬ compared to / with ‫بالمقارنة بـ‬
compare … with … ‫ بـ‬... ‫ يقارن‬in comparison with / to ‫بالمقارنة بـ‬
Ex: Poets often compare sleep to death.
He compared the Cairo underground with those in London and Paris.
Compared to our car, their car is rather expensive.
In comparison to / with the French, the British eat far less fish.
63. loose - lose - loss
lose (v) ‫ يخسر‬/ ‫ يضيع‬/ ‫يفقد‬
loss ‫ خسارة‬/ ‫فقدان‬
loose ‫ مفكوك‬/ ‫ غير مثبت جيدا‬/ ‫غير محكم‬
64. eliminate - illuminate
illuminate ‫ ينير‬/ ‫يضيء‬ eliminate ‫ يهزم‬/ ‫ يستبعد‬/ ‫ يزيل‬/ ‫يمحو‬
The streets were illuminated with coloured lights.
Our team was eliminated in the first round.
We should try to eliminate illiteracy in Egypt.
65. Size -Diameter
Size ‫حجم‬ Diameter ‫ُقطر‬
 I was amazed at the size of their garden.
 The diameter of the Earth is about 13,000 km.
66. Know - recognize
Know = have information about something ‫يعرف‬
 There are instructions telling you everything you need to know.
 I have known him for years.
recognize )‫ يعترف بـ (رسميًا‬/ ‫يتعرف علي‬
 I didn't recognize you in your uniform.
 British medical qualifications are recognized in Canada.
67. Pay - Cost- Charge
● Cost ‫يكلف‬ ● Pay ‫يدفع‬ ● Charge ‫يفرض أو يطلب ثمنا‬
 How much does a house like that cost in America?
 Can I pay by credit card?
 The restaurant charged us 40 pounds for the meal.
68. save - waste - spend -keep
save ‫يوفر‬ waste ‫يبدد‬
spend )‫ يقضى (الوقت‬/ )‫ينفق (المال‬ keep ‫يحتفظ فى‬
Ex: people can save money by traveling on the underground.
You'll save time if you take the car.
He wasted a lot of money on that car.
She spends a lot of money on clothes.
He keeps his money in the bank.
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 69. ( take - catch - miss ) the train
take the train ‫يركب القطار‬ catch the train ‫يلحق القطار‬
miss the train ‫يفوته القطار‬ miss someone / a place )‫ مكان‬/ ‫يفتقد (شخص‬
Ex: I always take the train - it's less hassle than a car.
She was worried that she'd arrive too late to catch the last train home.
You'll miss your train if you don't hurry up.
I miss my old friends very much.
He missed the 9:30 train.
70. rise - arise - raise - arouse
۩ Rise / rose / risen (I) ‫ال يليها مفعول‬
= (go up, increase‫ يزداد‬, , stand up ‫ ينهض‬/ ‫ يقف‬, get out of bed‫) يستيقظ‬
 Oil prices are rising all the time. ‫يزداد‬
 Smoke rose from the chimney. ‫يتصاعد‬
 The sun rises at around 6 a.m. ‫تشرق‬
۩ rise (n.) ‫ ارتفاع‬/ ‫( زيادة‬increase / increase in wages‫) زيادة في األجور‬
 There was a sudden rise in temperature yesterday. ‫ارتفاع‬
 He got a 10% rise last year. ‫زيادة في األجر‬

۩ Raise / raised/ raised (T) ‫يليها مفعول‬

 Raise your hand if you know the answer. ‫يرفــع‬
 The government does its best to raise the standard of living. ‫يرفع مستوي المعيشــة‬
 The concert raised a lot of money for cancer research.‫يجمع‬
 Raise your voice ‫ارفع صوتك‬
 raise hopes/ fears/ suspicions‫الشك‬/‫ يثير الخوف‬...
 Raise a subject / question / point ‫يطرح للمناقشة موضوع أو نقطة أو يثير تساؤل‬
۩ Arise / arose / arisen (‫ = )بدون مفعول‬begin to happen ‫ يحدث‬/ ‫ينشأ‬
 A lot of problems usually arise at work.
۩ Arouse/aroused/ (‫ يوقظ )يليها مفعول‬/ )‫يثيــر(للمشاعر واألحاسيس‬
 Her behavior aroused the suspicions ‫ يثير شكوك‬of the police.
arouse feelings ‫ مشاعر‬/ interest ‫اهتمام‬/ fears‫ مخاوف‬/ suspicions (doubts)‫شكوك‬

71. Prefer - would prefer - Would rather- like

۩ Would rather + inf. = would prefer + to + inf. ‫تفيد التفضيل‬
I'd rather stay at home. = I'd prefer to stay at home.
Would rather + inf. ………….than + inf.‫يفضل‬
I’d rather go to the cinema than watch TV.
Would rather + inf. +n.-------than + n. ‫يفضل‬
 I’d rather have coffee than tea.
۩ rather + adj. / adv. = fairly / to some degree ‫إلي حد ما‬

13
It's rather hot today, isn't it?
Prefer to + inf. / V+ing. ‫يفضل‬
He prefers to play tennis. He prefers playing tennis.
would prefer to + inf. ‫يفضل‬
I'd prefer not to discuss this issue.
would prefer to + inf. ‫ يفضل‬rather than + inf
I'd prefer to watch TV rather than play football.
Prefer + V+ing. + to + V+ing
He prefers watching football to playing it.
like + V+ing\n. + more than + V+ing\n
He likes watching football more than playing it.
72. It is time to - It is time for
 It is time to + inf. ‫لقد حان وقت‬ It is time to go home.
 It is time for + n. ‫لقد حان وقت‬ It is time for dinner.
 It is time + ‫ فاعل‬. + Past simple
It is time she went home. ‫لقد حان وقت‬
73. Biography - Autobiography
۩Biography )‫سيرة حياة (يكتبها شخص عن آخر‬
۩ Autobiography )‫سيرة حياة (يكتبها الشخص عن نفسه‬
 He wrote a biography of Queen Victoria.
 He described his childhood in his autobiography.
74. in the end - at the end
● at the end (of) ‫غالبا يأتي بعدها االسم‬
● in the end ‫يأتي بعدها جملة أو تأتي في نهاية الجملة‬
My house is at the end of this street.
We went shopping and visited some friends. In the end, we went home.
75. Respected - Respectable -Respectful
respected ‫يحظى باالحترام و االعجاب بسبب عمله أو انجازاته‬
Respectable )‫محترم (يتصرف بطريقة مقبولة اجتماعيا و أخالقيا‬
Respectful ‫يظهر االحترام لـ‬
Ex: Dr Magdi Yacoub is a respected heart surgeon.
She is a respectable young woman from a good family
We should be respectful towards elderly people.
76. human - humane
۩ human (adj.) ‫ إنساني‬/ ‫بشري‬
The accident was the result of human error .
۩ humane (adj.) ‫عطوف‬
The refugees ‫ الالجئون‬receive humane treatment .
77. Find - Fend - defend
۩ Find + obj. + adj.
I find it easy to study English.
۩ Fend for (yourself) )‫يعتني (بنفسه‬ defend (yourself) ‫يدافع عن نفسه‬
The kids had to fend for themselves while their parents were away.
You should be able to defend yourself in dangerous situations.
78. Fault - Foul
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۩ Fault ‫خطأ‬ Foul ‫خطأ في الرياضة‬
I'm very sorry. It's my fault.
He had committed 3 fouls in the match.
79. fall -fail -fell- feel
۩ fall / fell / fallen ‫يسقط‬ fail ‫ يرسب‬/ ‫يفشل‬  feel ‫يشعر‬  fell )‫يقطع (شجرة‬
The book fell from his hands.
He failed the English exam.
More than 50 trees were felled.
I feel happy
80. relation - relationship
۩ relation )‫عالقة رسمية (بين الدول مثال‬ relationship ‫عالقة شخصية أو أسرية‬
Relations between the two countries have improved recently.
I have a good relationship with my parents.
81. Make
۩ Make + someone + inf. ‫ُيجبر شخص علي عمل شيء‬
۩ Make + Obj. + adj. ۩ Make = be / become
They made me sign the cheque. He did everything he could to make us happy.
I don't think he will ever make a good doctor.
82. Sight - Sights
sight - ‫ َم شَه د (شئ محدد يمكن رؤيته) يتمكن من رؤية شيء من بعيد‬/ ‫الَبَص ر‬
sights ‫معالم جديرة بالمشاهدة‬
view )‫منظر طبيعى ثابت (ما يمكن رؤيته من مكان معين‬
Ex: His sight was completely restored by the operation.
A man carrying a donkey is a strange sight.
We went to Rome to see the sights.
There’s an excellent view from our bedroom window.
83. Wear- put on- dress -dressed
wear) . ‫ مفعول‬+ ( .. ‫ يكون مرتديا‬/ ‫يلبس‬
 ‫ تستخدم‬wear‫لوصف عادة أو مظهر الشخص‬:
 He was wearing his best suit at the party.
 Policemen usually wear a uniform.
 We wear light clothes in summer.
 put on) . ‫ مفعول‬+ ( .. ‫يقوم بارتداء‬
 Put on your coat – it’s cold.
 She put on her uniform and went to school.
 Hurry up. Put on your shoes. We are late for school.
 dress ‫( يلبس‬I) = get dressed (‫) بدون مفعول‬
 She always dresses fashionably.
:‫ يختلف المعني‬dress ‫الحظ انه في حالة وجود مفعول بعد‬
 Can you dress the kids for me? ‫يساعد شخص علي ارتداء مالبسه‬
be dressed in )‫ = يكون مرتديا (بعدها مفعول‬be wearing
 He was dressed in a black suit. = He was wearing a black suit.
84. Cause of - reason for
reason for + v. + ing / ‫سبب‬ ‫اسم‬ cause (v) ‫يسبب‬
reason why + ‫سبب‬ ‫جملة‬ cause of (n) ‫سبب‬

15
Ex: I don’t know the reason for his absence.
I don’t know the reason why he is absent.
What caused the fire?
What was the cause of the fire?
85. drought - draught
۩ drought ‫الجفاف‬ ۩ draught. (= draft) ‫تيار هواء بارد‬
This year, a severe drought has ruined the crops.
Can you close the door? There's an awful draught in here.
86. Lightning - Lighting
۩ Lighting ‫اإلضاءة‬ ۩ Lightning ‫البرق‬
Better street lighting might help to reduce crime.
That tree was struck by lightning.
87. economical - economic
۩ economic ‫اقتصادي‬ ۩ economical ‫موفر‬
Economic growth in Egypt is slow.
A small car is more economical than a big one.
88. weather - whether
weather )‫الطقس (حالة الجو خالل فترة زمنية قصيرة‬
whether = if ‫ما إذا‬
Ex: What’s the weather like this morning?
Let me know whether you can come or not.
89. Like - As - Such as
Like = similar to / in the same way as
 He eats like a horse.  He is like a son to me.
seem / sound / look / feel / taste :‫ مع األفعال اآلتية‬like ‫ الحظ استخدام‬
 The garden looks like a jungle.  At last he felt like a real soldier.  It seems like
a good idea.
Like = for example  Things like glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.

As + job  He works as a doctor.

Such as = for example
 Things such as glass, paper, and plastic can all be recycled.
 As = because  He didn't come to school as he was ill.
 As = while / when  I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.
 As = though / although  Hard as he studied, he failed the test.
 As for + someone / something ‫بالنسبة لـ‬
 I am good at English. As for my brother, he is good at geography..
 As of / as from = starting from )‫بداية من(وقت معين‬
 As from today, you are in charge of the office.
90. Factor - factory
۩ factor )‫عامل (جمعها عوامل‬ ۩ factory ‫مصنع‬
 The weather could be a crucial factor ‫ عامل حاسم‬in tomorrow's game.
 There is a car factory in our town.
91. tasty - tasteful - testy
۩ tasty = delicious ‫لذيذ الطعم‬ ۩ tasteful ‫يُنم عن الذوق الرفيع‬

16
۩ testy = irritable ‫ سريع الغضب‬/ ‫عصبي‬
 The meal was very tasty.
 She bought tasteful furniture.
 He is a testy person.
92. Pricey- priceless
۩ pricey = expensive ‫غالي الثمن‬ ۩ priceless = of very great value ‫ال ُيقَدر بثمن‬
 The clothes are beautiful but very pricey.
 A priceless collection of paintings was stolen from the museum.
93. Regret
regret + n‫يندم على‬
* He regretted his mistake.
regret + to-inf. ‫يأسف ألته مضطر لعمل شيء‬
* We regret to tell you that the trip will be cancelled.
regret + V+ing ‫يندم على شيء عمله من قبل‬
* I regret spending all my money on clothes last week.
regrettable ‫يؤسف له‬
* His behaviour at the party was very regrettable.
regretful ‫نادم‬
* He was regretful when he had to leave his old house.
series - serious
series )‫ اجتماعات‬/‫ أفالم‬/ ‫ كتب‬/ ‫سلسلة (أحداث‬ serious ‫ خطير‬/ ‫جاد‬
 They will hold a series of meetings over the next few weeks.
 The government is trying to solve the serious problem of unemployment.
94. waste - lose
waste )‫ يضيع (الوقت‬/ )‫يبدد( المال‬ lose ‫يخسر‬
Ex: The team played well, but lost the game.
He lost a lot of money at races.
She lost her mother (= Her mother died) last year.
I wasted my money on this radio. It broke down after one day!
95. operation - process
operation ‫ عملية تشغيل‬/ ‫عملية جراحية‬ process )‫عملية (سلسلة تغييرات أو أحداث‬
Ex: Following the earthquake, a large-scale rescue operation was launched.
He's got to have an operation on his shoulder.
New techniques are used to improve the learning process.
96. cure - heal - treat
cure ‫يشفى‬ heal (burns / wounds / cuts / injuries /
(‫)يأتى بعده اسم المرض أو الشخص المريض‬ broken organs)
‫يلتئم (تستخدم مع الحروق و الجروح و اإلصابات و األعضاء‬
)‫المكسورة‬
treat: try to cure by medical care ‫يعالج‬
Ex: This medicine will cure your cough.
He managed to cure my aunt who had been ill all her life.
This ointment ‫ مرهم‬will heal cuts and wounds.
His broken leg took six weeks to heal.
The doctor treated him with aspirin.
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 97. expect - except
expect ‫يتوقع‬ except ‫ماعدا‬
Accept + n ‫يقبل‬
Ex: We expect him to win the race.
We expect that he will pass the exam easily.
We expected that he would pass the exam easily.
 except (for) ‫ باستثناء‬/ ‫فيما عدا‬
 Everyone went to the show except for Scott . (Scott was..)
Scott was the only one who didn’t go to the show.
: except / except for ‫مالحظات علي استخدام‬
:‫ فقط قبل حروف الجر وأدوات الربط‬except ‫ نستخدم‬-1
 It's the same everywhere except in Scotland.
 He's good-looking except when he smiles.
: except / except for ‫ يستخدم االسم أو ضمير المفعول بعد‬-2
 Everybody understands except me.  We are all ready except for her.
:‫ يأتي بعدها جملة‬except that ‫ الحظ أن‬-3
I know nothing about him except that he lives in Cairo.
Accept + n ‫ يقبل‬accept an invitation / an apology ‫ اعتذار‬/ a present / a bribe ‫رشوة‬
Expect to + inf. ‫يتوقع‬
Expect … will
 He accepted my invitation to the party.
 She expects to find a good job soon.
 I expect that she will pass the test.
All students passed the exam except Ali.
98. mention - inform
۩ mention ‫يذكر شيء (شفاهَة أو كتابَة) باختصار‬ ۩ inform )‫ يبلغ(عادة بطريقة رسمية‬/ ‫يخبر‬
●I mentioned the idea to John and he seemed to like it.
●We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.
99. retire - resign
۩ retire ‫يتقاعد‬ ۩ resign ‫يستقيل‬
●Most people in Egypt retire at the age of 60.
●He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
100. alone- lonely -only
۩ alone= on my own = by myself=without any help=with no help ‫بمفرده‬
۩ lonely ‫لديه شعور بالوحدة لكونه بعيدا عن اآلخرين‬ ۩ only ‫ دون غيره‬/ ‫فقط‬
●She decided to climb the mountain alone.
●She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home.
● She was the only person to complain.
101. reward - award
reward )‫ مكافأة (يحصل عليها الفرد مقابل خدمة قام بها‬/ ‫يكاقئ‬
award (v./ n.) )‫ جائزة (يحصل عليها الفرد نتيجة إنجاز حققه‬/ ‫يمنح جائزة‬
Ex: The company rewarded him for his honesty.
He gave the boy a reward for bringing back the lost dog.
Her dog was awarded the blue ribbon ‫ شريط‬in the club show.

18
 She won the ‘Best Actress’ award.
102. marry - married
marry ‫يتزوج‬ ‫بدون مفعول‬ be / get married to + ‫ متزوج من‬/ ‫مفعـول تزوج‬
marry + ‫يتزوج‬ ‫مفعول‬ be (get) married with ‫متزوج ولديه‬
Ex: They don't have any plans to marry at present.
Paul married Lucy four years ago.
She is (got) married to a rich doctor.
She is married with three nice boys.

103. successful - success

be successful = be a success ‫يكون ناجحا‬
Ex: His first novel was successful.
His first novel was a success.
104.Snow - Ice
۩ Snow )‫الثلج (قطرات الماء المتجمدة التي تسقط من السماء‬
۩ Ice )‫الثلج أو الجليد (الماء عندما يتجمد ويصبح ثلجا‬
● Outside the snow began to fall. ● Would you like ice in your juice?
105. differentiate - differ
differ from ‫يختلف عن‬
differ about / on / over ‫يختلف بشأن‬
differentiate between … and … ‫ يبين االختالف‬/ ‫يميز الفرق‬
differentiate … from … ‫ يبين االختالف‬/ ‫يميز الفرق‬
Ex: People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.
The two lawyers differed about how to present the case.
It's important to differentiate between fact and opinion.
Its unusual nesting habits differentiate this bird from others.
106. musician - composer- Composition
Musician ) ‫موسيقى (عازف‬ # An orchestra is a group of musicians.
Composer ‫ملحن موسيقى‬ # Abd Elwahab is a great Egyptian composer.
Composition ‫مقطوعة موسيقية‬ # I listened to a wonderful composition.

107. queue - line -row

۩ queue )‫طابور من الناس (بغرض الحصول علي شيء‬
۩ line )queue) ‫صف (من الناس أو األشياء ويمكن أيضا أن تستخدم بنفس معني‬
۩ row ‫صف من الناس أو األشياء‬
There was a queue of people waiting for the bus.
There was a long queue to get into the cinema.
I looked in despair at the long line in front of the ticket office.
There was a line of trees on either side of the road.
The kids were standing in line waiting for their teacher.
The children were asked to stand in a row.
108. landmark - landscape
landmark ‫معلم هام‬ Landscape ‫منظر طبيعى‬
Ex: The Sphinx and Taj Mahal are famous landmarks in Egypt and India.
The landscape along the banks of the Nile is very beautiful.

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 109. dislike - unlike
unlike ‫على العكس من‬
dislike ‫يكره‬
Ex: Unlike his father, he doesn’t like music.
110. teach - learn
۩ teach ‫ ُيدِر س‬/ ‫ُيِلم‬ ۩ learn ‫يتعلم‬
● She taught English to foreign students.
● I'm learning to play the piano.
111. between - among
between ‫بين اثنين‬ she sat between her parents.
among ‫بين أكثر من اثنين‬ This mountain is among the highest in the world.
112. at a time - in time - on time
in time = not late, early enough ‫فى الوقت المناسب‬
on time = punctual ‫فى الميعاد‬
at a time ‫ فى ذلك الوقت‬/ ‫فى وقت‬
Ex: I got home just in time - it's starting to rain.
Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time.
At a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha’s mother encouraged her
daughter to get a good education.
113. staff - crew
staff ‫هيئة العاملين‬ crew )‫ طائرة‬/ ‫طاقم (سفينة‬
Ex: When the ship sank, the crew were saved by a passing ship.
She was awarded her degree and then joined the university staff as a research
assistant.
114. frighten - fear
۩ frighten = scare ‫ُيخيف‬
●Computers used to frighten me, but not now.
۩ fear ‫يخاف‬
●Police fear that there may be further terrorist attacks.
115. Recipe - prescription
۩ recipe )‫وصفة (طريقة عمل وجبة معينة‬ ۩ prescription )‫وصفة طبية (روشتة‬
●Could you give me the recipe for that chocolate cake?
●I got the prescription filled on the way home.
116. spontaneous -simultaneous
۩ spontaneous ‫ بدون تخطيط‬/ ‫ تلقائي‬/ ‫عفوي‬ ۩ simultaneous ‫شيء يحدث في نفس الوقت‬
●Her offer of help was spontaneous.
●The speeches will be broadcast live, with simultaneous translation.
117. travel - travels - journey –trip- picnic- tour- voyage
flight - cruise
travel )‫السفر عموما (ال تجمع‬ tour ‫جولة سياحية‬
travels ‫رحالت‬ voyage )‫ فضائية‬/ ‫رحلة (بحرية‬
journey )‫ جوية‬/ ‫رحلة طويلة (برية‬ cruise ‫رحلة بحرية من أجل المتعة‬
trip )‫رحلة قصيرة (لها غرض معين‬ flight ‫رحلة طيران‬
picnic )‫نزهة خلوية (تتضمن تناول وجبة‬
expedition ‫ رحلة قصيرة لغرض معين‬/ )‫رحلة استكشافية (رحلة منظمة ألماكن غير مألوفة‬

20
 hike‫رحله طويله سيرًا على األقدام‬
Ex: I think space travel costs so much money.
He wrote a book about his travels around the Far East.
His wife accompanied ‫ يصطحب‬him on his journey to America.
He travelled to London on a business trip.
If the weather's nice we could have a picnic in the park.
We're going on a shopping / hunting expedition on Saturday.
We went on a guided tour round Luxor.
During their voyage at sea, a storm blew.
He went on a Nile cruise with his friends.
Flight No 765 from London was late for an hour.
.We went for a long hike in the country

118. fit - suit - match

۩ fit )‫ ۩ يناسب (من حيث المقاس‬suit )‫يناسب (من حيث الشكل‬ ۩ match )‫يتماشي مع (لألشياء‬
● That jacket fits you perfectly.
● That blue shirt suits you. You look nice in it.
● Does this shirt match these trousers?
119. together - altogether
۩ together = with each other ‫ سويا‬/ ‫معا‬ ۩ altogether = completely ‫تماما‬
● You mix all the dry ingredients together before you add the milk.
● It's all right working with him, but living with him would be a different matter
altogether.
120. trade with - trade in
۩ trade with ‫يتاجر مع‬ ۩ trade in )‫يتاجر في (سلعة معينة‬
● India began trading with Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries.
● The company has been trading in oil for many years.
121. later - latter
۩ later ‫ في وقت الحق‬/ ‫( ۩فيما بعد‬the) latter = the second (‫المذكور ثانيا )الشيء أو الشخص‬
● Later that month we got another letter from them asking for more money.
● She offered me more money or a car and I chose the latter.
122. interview- appointment - conference - meeting
interview )‫ صحفية‬/ ‫ تليفزيونية‬/ ‫ مقابلة (إذاعية‬/)‫مقابلة شخصية (للوظيفة‬
appointment ‫ ميعاد‬/ ‫موعد‬ conference ‫مؤتمر‬
meeting ‫اجتماع‬ Chat ‫دردشة‬
Ex: I had an interview for a job with a publishing firm.
I'd like to make an appointment with Doctor Evans, please.
He attended a conference on women's rights
I'm afraid she's in a meeting - I'll ask her to call you back later.
Why don't you give me a call and we'll have a chat?
123. apply for - apply to
۩ apply for )‫ الخ‬، ‫ مكان في الجامعة‬/ ‫ جنسية‬/ ‫ تأشيرة‬/ ‫يتقدم بطلب (للحصول علي وظيفة‬
۩ apply in person ‫يتقدم بالطلب شخصيا‬ ۩apply in writing ‫يقدم الطلب كتابًة‬
۩ apply to + inf. ‫ يتقدم بطلب لكي‬.. ۩ apply ‫ُيطبق‬
۩ apply to + n ‫ينطبق علي‬ ۩ apply to + n ‫يتقدم بالطلب إلي‬
● She applied for a job with the local newspaper.
● She is going to apply for citizenship next month.

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● You should apply immediately, in person or by letter.
● He has applied to join the police.
● The offer only applies to flights from London and Manchester.
● I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them.
● Some of the children seem unable to apply what they have learned.
124. Wages - salary - fare - fees
Wages – salary – fare – fees
Wages ‫أجور (عمال مثال) بالساعة أو اليوم أو األسبوع‬
 The workers went on strike because they wanted higher wages.
Salary ‫مرتب شهري أو سنوي‬
This bank manager gets a salary of 40,000 dollars a year.
Fare ‫ أجرة مواصالت‬Taxi fare bus fare plane fare
Fees ‫رسوم أو أتعاب‬ lawyer's fees school fees ‫رسوم مدرسية‬
Doctors' fees are very high nowadays.
125. applicant - candidate - nominee
۩ applicant )‫ قرض‬/ ‫ منحة‬/ ‫ تأشيرة‬/ ‫ جنسية‬/ ‫متقدم (بطلب كتابي) للحصول علي شيء (وظيفة‬
۩ candidate ‫ في االنتخابات) متقدم المتحان ما‬/ ‫مرشح (لوظيفة‬
۩ nominee ‫مرشح (رسميا) لوظيفة هامة أو جائزة‬
● He was one of 30 applicants for the manager's job.
● There are only three candidates for the job.
● Candidates are not allowed to use a calculator in this exam.
● He was the only nominee for the presidency.
126. a paper - papers - paper
paper (writing material) )‫ اليعد ورق (للكتابة‬papers (newspapers) ‫صحف‬
a paper (a newspaper) \‫ جريدة تعد صحيفة‬papers (documents) ‫ مستندات‬/ ‫وثائق‬
Ex: Dictionaries are usually printed on thin paper.
Al Ahram is a daily paper
The photo was on the front page of all the papers.
The border guards stopped me and asked to see my papers.
127. would rather - had better
had better + ‫ = مصدر‬should )‫يجب أن (تستخدم للنصيحة‬
would rather + )‫يفضل (تستخدم للتفضيل‬ ‫مصدر‬
Ex You'd better go home now before the rain starts.
He'd rather die than let me think he needed help.
128. inquire - require
۩ inquire / enquire (about) = ask for information ‫ ۩ يستفسر‬require = need ‫ يحتاج‬/ ‫يتطلب‬
 He enquired about the price of tickets.
 Please telephone this number if you require any further information.
129. receipt - bill
۩ receipt ‫إيصال الشراء‬ ۩ bill )‫ مطعم‬/ ‫ تليفون‬/ ‫ مياه‬/ ‫فاتورة (كهرباء‬
 Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy.
 They asked the waitress for the bill.
130. wander-wonder
wonder ‫يتساءل‬ wander ‫يتجول‬
Ex: I wonder if I could borrow your bike.
They spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city.

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 131. valuable - valuables
valuable ‫قيم‬ valuables ‫أشياء قيمة‬
Ex: He was able to provide the police with some valuable information.
They locked their valuables in the hotel safe.
132. treat - cure
treat ‫ يعامل‬/ ‫يعالج‬ cure )‫ من مرض‬/ ‫يشفى (مريض‬
Ex: He is being treated for a rare skin disease.
It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings.
At one time the doctors couldn't cure people of some diseases.
133. reward - reword
۩ reward (v/n) ‫ مكافأة‬/ ‫يكافأ‬ ۩reword (v) = rephrase )‫يعيد صياغة (جملة أو سؤال مثال‬
He gave the children some chocolate to reward them for behaving well.
Let me reword my question.
134. refuse
۩ refuse (v) ‫۩ يرفض‬refuse (n) = garbage = rubbish = trash ‫ نفاية‬/ ‫قمامة‬
 I absolutely refuse to take part in anything that's illegal.
 Refuse collection‫ جمع القمامة‬has been seriously affected by the strike‫ اضراب‬.
135. produce
۩ produce (v) ‫ُينتج‬ ۩produce (n / U) ‫ منتجات‬/ ‫محاصيل أو غالل‬
 This factory produces high-quality steel
 Governments build roads which help farmers to market their produce.
136. object - desert
۩ object to + n/ V + ing (v) ‫يعترض‬ ۩object (n ) ‫ هدف‬/ ‫شيء‬
 The committee strongly objected to the report's recommendations.
 Look, there's a strange object in the sky!
137. desert
۩ desert (n) ‫صحراء‬ ۩desert (v ) = abandon ‫يهجر‬
 This area of the country is mostly desert.
 Helen was deserted by her husband.
138. rest - the) rest
۩ rest (v/n) ‫ يستريح‬/ ‫راحة‬ ۩(the) rest (n ) ‫البقية‬
 I need to get some rest. If you're tired, we'll stop and rest for a while.
 Two of the attackers were killed, and the rest escaped.
139. sensible- sensitive
Sensible‫ حساس \مرهف الحس شخص يفهم مشاعر ومشاكل‬Sensitive ‫عاقل – حكيم – رزين‬
‫الناس أو شخص يتأثر بسهولة‬
Ex: I’m sure Sara will make the right decision. She’s a sensible woman.
Coral is very sensitive to changes in water temperature.
Sara is very sensitive. She wouldn’t want to hurt anyone.
140. mature - ripe
mature )‫ سنة‬25 ‫ناضج (للشخص الذى يزيد سنه عن‬ ripe )‫ناضج (للنبات كالخضار و الفاكهة‬
Ex: I don’t think they’re mature enough to get married.
These apples aren’t quite ripe enough to eat.
141. college - colleague

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 college )‫كلية (جامعية‬ colleague ‫زميل‬
Ex: What sort of job do you expect to get after four years at college?
I know Mr John very well. He’s a colleague of mine.
142. educate - bring up
educate ‫يعلم‬ bring up ‫يربى‬
Ex: It’s not easy to bring up young children.
She was educated at Cairo University.
143. Provide for - provide with
provide something for ‫يوفر شيء لـ‬ provide someone with ‫يمد أو يزود شخص بـ‬
Ex: The government should provide job opportunities for young men.
The government should provide young men with job opportunities.
144. Make - Do
make friends ‫يتخذ أصدقاء‬ do an operation ‫يقوم بعملية جراحية‬
make sure ‫يتأكــد‬ do a job ‫يؤدي وظيفة‬
make
‫يقوم بإسهامات‬ do work ‫يقوم بالعمل‬
contributions
make sense ‫له معني‬ do the shopping ‫يتسوق‬
make a decision ‫ يتخذ قرار‬/ ‫يقرر‬ do the homework ‫يقوم بواجباته المدرسية‬
make a difference ‫ يكون له‬/ ‫يحدث اختالف في‬
do wrong ‫يخطئ‬
to ‫تأثير علي‬
make a mistake ‫يخطئ‬ do good ‫ُيفيـد‬
make parts of cars ‫يصنع أجزاء السيارات‬ do harm ‫يضــر‬
make a fire ‫يشعل نارا‬ do the washing up ‫يقوم بغسل األواني‬
make a suggestion ‫يقدم اقتراح‬ do the cleaning ‫يقوم بالتنظيف‬
make a promise ‫َيعد‬ do the sweeping ‫يقوم بالكنس‬
make 34ments ‫يحقق انجازات‬ do a favour ‫يقدم خدمة أو معروف‬
‫يقوم بعمل بحث أو دراسة (في‬
make peace ‫يحقق السالم‬ do a project
)‫مدرسة أو جامعة‬
make war ‫يشن حرب‬ do research ‫يقوم بعمل أبحاث‬
make
‫ العشاء‬/ ‫يعد الغداء‬ do without ‫يستغني عن‬
lunch/dinner
make the bed ‫يرتب السرير‬ do (his) hair ‫يصفف شعره‬
make up (his) do
‫يقرر‬ )‫يفعل شيء (ال شيء‬
mind something/nothing
make a noise ‫يثير ضوضاء‬ do the cooking ‫يقوم بالطهي‬

145. adapt– adopt

adapt to : change to suit new needs. ‫يتكيف مع – يتأقلم مع‬
.Children adapt themselves to new situations *
adopt : take ( a child – an idea – a plan ) ) ‫ فكرة – خطة‬-‫يتبنى ( طفل‬
.They don't have children, so they decided to adopt a child*
.The company adopted his idea *
stop + to- stop + v+ing .150 .1
 stop + to + ‫يتوقف لعمل شيء‬ ‫المصدر‬

24
. * I was hungry, so I stopped to eat something
stop + v+ing= give up ‫يتوقف عن عمل شيء‬
At last, I stopped smoking *
151. spend + ‫ وقت‬+ v+ing - spend + ‫ نقود‬+on
 spend + ‫ وقت‬+ v+ing ‫يقضى وقتا فى عمل شيء‬
* Some children spend a lot of time watching TV.
spend + ‫ نقود‬+on ‫ينفق ماال على شيء‬
* The government spends a lot of money on football.
152. Proud
 Proud ‫فخور‬
proud of ‫فخور ﺑ‬
* We are proud of our scientists who do their best for the progress and welfare of our
country.
proud to + ‫فخور أن‬ ‫المصدر‬
* Axel was proud to be his uncle's assistant.
proud that + ‫فاعل‬ ‫فخور ان‬
They are proud that she is doing well at school.
proud to be + n \v.ing‫فخور لكونه‬
.I am proud to be Egyptian -1
.I am proud to be helping to build a modern country -2
153. well-knownto - well-known for
 well-known to ‫معرف لدى‬.....
* He is well-known to everyone.
 well-known for ‫ﺑ أو مشهور معروف‬
* He is well-known for his bravery.

154. delegation – mission- deputation

A delegation.‫ تفويض‬- ‫ وفد‬- ‫بعثة‬

* Russia demanded that Unita send a delegation to the peace talks.
A mission ‫ بعثة – ارسالية دينية‬-‫مهمة‬
* He is a senior member of a diplomatic mission.
A deputation ‫ وفد‬-‫تفويض‬
* A deputation of elders from the village arrived headed by its chief.
A delegate = representative‫ يفوض‬- ‫مندوب‬
1- My boss delegated me to solve the problem.
2- Last weekend the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland held a conference, attended by 450
delegates.
155. junior – senior
junior‫األقل أهميه – األصغر – األحدث عهدًا‬
.A company needed a junior architect *
senior‫أرقى – األكبر سنًا – األرشد‬
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.TV and radio needed many women in senior jobs *
156. full-time – part-time
-timefull ‫نهاية الوقت فى المباريات – الوقت كامال‬
.My father works full-time as a driver -1
.The score at full time was Zamalek 1, Ahly 1 -2
part-time‫جزء من الوقت‬
1- I am part-time. I work 3 days a week.
2- A part-time accountant needed at University of Science. [10 – 15 h. a week]

157. train
train ….. in‫ على‬.... ‫يدرب‬
.Children should be trained in good manners *
train as + ‫وظيفه‬ ‫يتدرب كـ‬
.She trained as a pilot *
train for)‫يتدرب لـ (سباق‬
.She spends two hours trained for the race *
158. surgeon – physician
surgeon ‫جراح‬
.A doctor who performs operation is a surgeon *
physician ‫طبيب معالج‬
.A doctor who treats diseases is a physician *
159. agree – accept
agree to + inf. \ noun ‫يوافق‬
.He agreed to sign the papers -1
.He agreed to our plan -2
agree with (someone) ‫يتفق مع‬
.I'm afraid I don't agree with you *
agree on (something) ‫مجموعه تتفق على شيئ‬
.We agreed on a price for the car *
agree that (sentence)‫متفق على‬
.It was agreed that he was the thief *
accept ( invitation / apology / condolences / bribes ) )‫ رشوة‬/ ‫ تعازي‬/‫ اعتذار‬/ ‫يقبــل ( دعوة‬
.He didn't accept her apology *
160. brain – mind – memory – memories
brain) ‫المخ ( عضو بالجسم يتحكم فيه‬
.The brain controls the parts of the body *
mind) ‫ شيئ ليس له وجود‬...... ‫العقل ( طريقة التفكير‬
.He changed his mind and bought the car *
mind (v.) ‫يمانع‬
.I don’t mind helping you *
memory ‫الذاكره‬
.My mobile has 1GB card memory *
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 memories‫ذكريات‬
* We have good and bad memories.

161. foreigner – stranger

foreigner ) ‫أجنبى ( شخص من دوله أخرى‬
.He isn't from Egypt, he is a foreigner *
stranger) ‫غريب ( شخص ال أعرفه‬
.I'm a stranger here, I don't know where the post office is *
162. sleep ‫ينام‬
sleep ‫ينام‬
.I always sleep at 12 at night *
sleepy ‫ منعوس‬- ‫يغلبه النوم‬
.While I was watching the film, I felt sleepy *
asleep ‫نائم‬
.The baby is asleep *
fast asleep ‫مستغرق فى النوم‬
.He is fast asleep, He doesn't move *
sleeping‫صفه لغير العاقل‬
.The train has sleeping rooms *

163. Do a favour – favourable – favourite- in favour of

do a favour ‫معروف – جميل‬
* He did me a favour I won’t forget.
favourable‫مؤيد – مشجع – فى صالح‬
.The reviews on his films are favourable *
favourite‫مفضل – محبوب‬
.My favourite sport is football *
in favour of‫مؤيد لـ‬
.We are in favour of his thoughts *
164. die ‫يموت‬
die of ‫يموت بسبب مرض أو جوع أو عطش‬
.He died of cancer *
die out‫ينقرض‬
.Some dangerous animals died out *
165. make ‫يجعل‬
+ make‫ مفعول‬+ to‫مصدر بدون‬ ‫يجعل‬
+ make‫ شئ‬/ ‫ شخص‬+ ‫صفه‬ ‫يجعل‬
1- They made him study hard.
2- Capital makes business successful.
166. Debit card – Credit card
Debit card ‫بطاقة مسبوقة الدفع وعند شراء شيء يخصم ثمنه من حسابك مباشرة‬
Credit card ‫بطاقة ائتمان وتستخدم في الشراء ويتم خصم الثمن من الحساب فيما بعد‬
27
 167. another – other - others
another + ‫اسم مفرد يعد‬. / one (= one more / a different one)‫ إضافى‬/ ‫أخر‬
This tea is nice. I’d like another cup.
He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one.
another + (few / number : two, three,….)
The woman lived for another ten days.
I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.
other + ‫أخر‬ )‫ (و أحيانا اسم ال يعد‬/‫اسم جمع يعد‬
I need to discuss this with other colleagues.
There was certainly other information. ( ‫)ال تجمع‬
others + v. ‫يمكن أن تأتى في نهاية الجملة‬
Some people are rich; others‫ البعض األخر‬are poor.
Some writers are greater than others‫ اآلخرين‬.

168. Currency – coin - banknote

currency‫عملة الدوله‬
.The pound is the currency of Egypt*
coin ‫عمله معدنيه‬
.Coins are easy to use *
banknote‫عمله ورقيه‬
.The assistant asked the client to pay banknotes *
169. exchange
exchange ( n, v ) ‫إستبـدال أو تبـادل ـ يستبـدل بـ ـ يتبـادل‬
* I'd like to exchange this shirt.
exchange …. For ( ‫يستبـدل ( شيئـا بشـئ أو شخصـا بشخـص آخـر‬
* She exchanged a blouse for a skirt.
exchange…. With ‫ مـع شخـص‬.... ‫يتبـادل‬
* He exchanged things with his friends.
in exchange for = in return with ‫ على سبيـل المبـادلـة‬, ‫فى مقـابـل‬
* She gave her friend a skirt in exchange for a blouse.
170. guidebook – guideline
guidebook)‫دليل للسياح ( يعطى معلومات عن األماكن‬
?Have you got a guidebook to Cairo *
guideline‫نصائح عن كيفية فعل األشياء‬
.He is drawing up some new guidelines about health and safety in schools *

171. encourage to +inf ‫يشجع علي‬/ discourage from + v+ing ‫يمنع من‬
1- We should encourage our children to read.
2- We should discourage people from polluting the environment.
172. co- operate
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 co-operate on ‫يتعاون فى‬
.Birds cooperate on some jobs *
co-operate with‫يتعاون مع شخص‬
.We should cooperate with Ahmed *
+ co-operate to‫مصدر‬ ‫يتعاون لكى‬
.Players need to cooperate to succeed *
173. sports
sports relating to sport ‫صفـة تاتى قبل االسم‬
.It's the school sports day on Monday *
sports man‫الرياضى‬
.He'll be remembered both as a brilliant footballer and as a true sportsman *
sporty‫صفه تأتى قبل اإلسم‬
* We're a very sporty family.
174. life )‫الحياة بصفة عامة (ال تجمع‬
1- The heart is the pump of life.
2- There is no evidence ‫ دليل‬of life on other planets.
a life ‫تستخدم عندما نتحدث عن نوع معين من الحياة‬
1- He had a difficult life.
2- She decided to start a new life in Australia.
the life ‫تستخدم عادة عند الحديث عن حياة شخص ما‬
- She read a book about the life of Lincoln.
175. poetry – prose
poetry ‫فـن الشعـر الذي يقـدر الجمـال و المشـاعر‬
- Farouk Gowaida writes poetry.
prose ‫نثـر‬
- Newspaper articles are written in prose.
176. coast – shore – beach – bank
coast ‫ســاحل‬
- Alex. is located on the north coast of Egypt.
shore ‫شـاطئ البحـر‬
- I saw some boats on the shore of the sea.
beach ) ‫البـالج ( الجـزء الرملـى عنـد حافـة البحـر‬
- We sat on the beach and ate ice cream.
bank ‫ضفـة النهــر أو القنــاة‬
- Trees grow along the bank of rivers.
177. see- watch
see ‫يـرى ـ يبصــر‬
- I can't see without my glasses.
see = think ‫يفكــر‬
- Let me see for a while.
see (someone) off ‫يودع‬
- I saw my friend off at the airport.
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see = understand‫يفهم‬
- They couldn't see my point of view.
watch ‫يشاهــد ـ يراقـب‬
- We watch TV every day.
watch ‫يحــرس‬
- He felt that God was watching over him.
178. elder – older ‫األكبر‬
elder (‫ )في محيط العائلة‬than ‫ ال يأتي بعدها‬elder sister / elder brother
* She is my elder sister.
eldest (‫ )في محيط العائلة‬eldest sister / eldest brother
* He is the eldest member of the family.
older (than) )‫تستخدم في المقارنة عموما(للعاقل وغير العاقل‬
* She is five years older than me.
oldest)‫تستخدم في التفضيل عموما (للعاقل وغير العاقل‬
* He is the oldest student in our class.
179. take‫يأخذ‬
take part in = share in = participate in ‫يشـارك‬
* Did you take part in the poetry competition?
take place = happen = occur ‫يحـدث‬
* When did the accident take place?
take the place of = replace ‫يحـل محـل‬
* He resigned and I took his place.
take up much of ‫يستنـزف كثيـر مـن‬
* He took much of his money.
take off ‫يخلـع – تقلـع‬
1- When I returned home, I took off my coat.
2- The plane took off at ten.
take over ‫يتـولى مهمـة‬
* After his father's death he took over his work.
take after ‫يشبـه‬
* She took her mother completely.
180. sea level ‫مستوى سطح البحر‬
above sea level ‫فوق مستوي سطح البحر‬
They live about 3,000 metres above sea level.
below sea level ‫تحت مستوي سطح البحر‬
They can swim 100 metres below sea level.
181. child – toddler – teenager – adolescent - youth
child ( baby ) ( an infant ) ‫طفـل صغيـر‬
* He is still a child. He cries all the time.
toddler ( ‫ سنه‬2 ‫ ـ‬1 ‫الطفـل الذي تعلم المشي ( السن‬
* A child who has just learned to walk is a toddler.
teenager = adolescen ) ‫سنه‬19 ‫ الي‬13 ‫مـراهق (السن‬
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* Children aged 13 to 19 are teenager.
youth = young people ‫شـاب‬
* The police arrested several youth who were fighting.
182. professional – amateur
professional ) ‫محترف (يلعب من اجل المال‬
* He plays for money, he is a professional.
amateur ‫هاوي‬
* He is an amateur, he doesn't take money.
183. by himself – for himself
by himself = alone = on his own ‫بنفسة‬
* He wrote the story by himself.
for himself ‫لنفسة‬
* He climbed the mountain not only for himself but for Egypt.
184. think of = think about ‫ عند السؤال عن الرأي‬/ ‫يفكر في‬
1- I'm thinking of / about buying a new car.
2- What do you think of / about this shirt?
think of ‫ يفكر في اآلخرين‬/ ‫يتذكر‬
1- I can't think of her name now.
2- You should think of other people.
185. export / import:
export ……… to: ‫ الى‬...... ‫يصدر‬
* This company exports fresh vegetables and fruits to many countries.
import …… from: ‫ من‬....... ‫يستورد‬
* Many countries import cotton from Egypt.
186. harbour / port
harbour‫ المكان الذى ترسو به السفن‬:‫مرفأ‬
.The weather was too rough for the fishing boats to leave harbour yesterday *
port‫ المنطقه التى تأتى اليها وتغادر منها السفن‬:‫ميناء‬
.Alexandria is a famous port in Egypt -1
.The damaged ship reached the port safely -2
187. made of / made from / made in / made by:
made from: )‫مصنوع من (المادة المصنع منها الشئ تتغير و ال نراها‬
* Bread is made from flour, water and yeast.
made of: )‫مصنوع من ( المادة المصنع منها الشئ ال تتغير و نراها‬
* Furniture is made of wood.
made in: )‫ سنة‬/ ‫مصنوع فى (مكان‬
1- We should buy goods made in Egypt.
2- This car was made in 2007.
made by: ‫مصنوع بواسطة‬
* This dress was made by a clever dressmaker.
188. affect (v.) ‫ يؤثر على‬/ effect (n.) ‫تأثير‬
affect + + ‫مفعول حال‬
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* Smoking affects health badly.
affect = have an effect on
have a/an + ‫ صفة‬+ effect + on + ‫مفعول‬
* Smoking has a bad effect on health.
189. hire / rent:
)‫يستأجر (لفترة قصيرة‬ :hire
.You can hire a dress for the party if you can't afford to buy one *
‫ يؤجر‬:hire out
.I hire out my boat by the day *
)‫يستأجر (لفترة طويلة‬ :rent
.for a cruise this summer ‫ يخت‬I'd like to rent a yacht *
‫يؤجر‬ :rent out
.He owns a three-bedroom house that he rents out *
190. start ‫يبدأ‬
start with = begin with + n.
start by = begin by + v-ing
1- Let's begin with exercise B.
2- He started his speech by telling us something about his life.
191. indoor / indoors:
indoor (adj.): )‫داخل المنزل أو مكان مغلق (صفة يليها اسم‬
* Chess is an indoor game.
)‫داخل المنزل أو مكان مغلق (ظرف مكان‬ :indoors (adv.)
* He spent the whole day indoors
192. Suggest
Suggest: + v-ing ‫يقترح‬
* He suggested sending Frank some flowers.
Suggest (that) +Sub+ inf.
1- He suggested that I prune the trees.‫يشذب‬
2- He suggested that she come early.
193. continuously – continually
continuously )‫بإستمرار (بدون توقف – بال إنقطاع‬
.It has rained continuously for 2 days *
continually)‫بإستمرار (يتخلله فترات توقف‬
.You continually criticize her behaviour *
194.Play – go – do:
play‫تستخدم غالبا مع األلعاب التي تستخدم فيها الكرة‬
play )football, basketball, hockey, soccer, tennis, squash ‫اسكواش‬, table-tennis, rackets, ping-
pong, volleyball)
ing go ‫تستخدم غالبا مع الرياضات التي تنتهي بـ‬

32
go (swimming, jogging ‫ =جرى بطئ‬slow running, sailing ‫يبحر‬, dancing ‫يرقص‬
water-skiing ‫يتزحلق على الماء‬, running, scuba-diving, riding, hunting ‫يصطاد‬,
climbing ‫) يتسلق‬
do : ‫ نستخدم‬a lot of ‫ أو‬some ‫ يسبقها‬ing ‫الحظ أنه إذا كانت الرياضة المنتهية بـ‬ 
* I did some scuba diving last week.
do‫تستخدم مع الرياضات األخرى‬
do (gymnastics / karate / athletics / sports)
‫ بمعنى يجرب و يأتى غالبا فى الجمل المنفية‬do ‫يمكن أن نستخدم الفعل‬ 
* Sailing is fun, but I have never done it before.
sport / sports ‫ مع‬do / play ‫تستخدم‬ 
do / play (a sport / sports)
* Do you do any sports? Yes, I play hockey.
:ing ‫ مع الرياضات المنتهية بـ‬gone ‫ بدال من‬been ‫يمكن استخدام‬ 
* Have you ever gone swimming? / Have you ever been swimming?
………………………………………………………………………………
 achieve a goal )‫يحقق هدف (في الحياة‬
 score a goal )‫يسجل هدف (في مباراة مثال‬
……………………………………………………………………………………….
195. ingredient – compounds – elements – mixture – components:
ingredient: ) ‫مقادير ـ مقومات ( شئ‬
1- Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries.
2- She has got the essential ingredients for success.
compounds: ) ‫مركب ( كيميائى‬
* Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
elements: ‫عنصر ـ مقدار قليل‬
1- Customer relations is an important element in the job.
.Oxygen and carbon are elements -2
mixture: ) ‫مزيج ـ خليط ( بدون تفاعل كيمائى‬
1- Add the eggs to the mixture and beat well.
2- The city is a mixture of old and new buildings.
components: ‫مكون ـ جزء أساسى‬
* The engine is one of the essential components of the car.
196. once
once: ‫في وقت ما في الماضي ـ ذات مرة‬
* Once, people were hunters. Their food came from animals.
once: ‫بمجرد أن‬
* Once I get the news, I'll phone you.
once: ‫مرة واحدة‬
* She visits her grandparents once every six months.
197. hope – wish:
hope: (‫يأتي بعدها إما مضارع بسيط أو مستقبل )يتمنى‬
* I hope he passes / will pass the test.
33
 :to )hope + ‫ويأتي بعدها ) المصدر‬
.I hope to win the first prize *
wish: ‫يأتى بعدها ماضي بسيط للتعبير عن التمني في الحاضر‬
.I don't have a camera. I wish I had a camera *
wish: ‫يأتي بعدها ماضي تام للتعبير عن التمني في الماضى‬
* I failed the exam. I wish I hadn't failed the exam. I wish I had passed the exam.
wish: ( would ) ‫ ) أو‬I / we ( ‫ ) ) مع الضمائر‬could ‫للتعبير عن التمني في المستقبل يأتي بعدها‬
.I wish I could see my friends tomorrow *
198. limit – border – edge
limit ‫حد‬
* You mustn't exceed the speed limit. It is against the law.
border ‫حد بين دولتين‬
* There is no problem between Egypt and The Sudan on borders.
edge ‫حافة الشيء‬
* He put the cup at the edge of the table.
199. pesticide – herbiside - insecticide
pesticide ‫مبيد آفات‬
* I encourage vegetables grown without using pesticides.
herbicide ‫مبيد أعشاب‬
* The use of herbicides in Egypt was effective.
insecticide ‫مبيد حشرى‬
* The use of insecticide at homes should be rationalized.
200. rot – decompose - decay
rot ‫يتعفن ـ يفسد‬
* Scientists could modify the gene of tomatoes so that they don't rot so quickly.
decompose ‫يتحلل ( إلى عناصره الرئيسية ) ـ ينحل‬
* As the waste materials decompose, they produce methane gas.
decay ‫يتحلل ( تدريجيا بعوامل طبيعية ) ـ يضعف‬
* Children's teeth decay quickly because of sugar.
201. offer / give:
offer: ‫ يقدم‬/ ‫يعرض‬
1- She was offered a job in Paris.
2- Can I offer you a drink?
give: ‫ يمنح‬/ ‫يعطى‬
* He gave me a nice present.
202. catch / hunt:
catch: ‫ يمسك‬/ ‫يصيد‬
1- He went to the sea to catch fish.
2- The police ran after the thief and caught him at the end of the street.
hunt: ‫يطارد بغرض الصيد‬
* They hunted the deer for 5 hours before they could finally catch it.
203. advise / recommend:
34
advise: ‫ينصح‬
1- My father advised me to study hard.
2- My doctor advised me not to smoke.
‫ يثنى على‬/ ‫ يوصى بــ‬/ ‫ يرشح‬/ ‫ينصح‬ :v. + ing / ‫ اسم‬+ recommend
1- He recommended (advised) me to buy one of these radios.
2- He recommended me a good book to read.
3- My uncle recommended me for a job in the bank.
4- I recommend spending the weekend in Luxor.
try .204 ‫يحاول‬
try + to + ‫ يحاول عمل شئ و غالبا ال ينجح‬: ‫مصدر‬
* He tried to climb the tree but he couldn't.
= He failed to climb the tree.
try + v. + ing : ‫ يقوم بعمل شئ ليرى نتيجته‬/ ‫يحاول عمل شئ و غالبا ينجح‬
1- He tried climbing the tree and he did it.
= He succeeded in climbing the tree.
2- A: I have a bad headache.
B: Try taking an aspirin.
= Take an aspirin and see the result.
205. sink / drown:
sink )‫ ُيغرق (عادة للسفن و القوارب‬/ ‫يغرق‬
1- The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean.
2- The big blue whale sank the fishing boat.
sink ‫ ينخفض‬/ ‫يقل‬
* The Egyptian pound has sunk to its lowest level against the dollar.
‫انخفض الجنيه المصري إلي أدني مستوي له في مقابل الدوالر‬
drown )‫يغرق (عادة لألشخاص‬
* Two boys drowned while they were swimming.
206. whenever- whoever - wherever - whatever
 whenever = every time or any time‫ عندما‬/ ‫حينما‬
1- Whenever she comes, she brings us some presents.
2- I can meet you whenever you like.
 whoever = the person who or any person‫ أيا كان‬/‫اى شخص‬
* Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.
 wherever = to any place or every place‫ حيثما‬/ ‫أينما‬
* Wherever he goes, he makes friends.
 whatever = anything or everything‫اى شيء‬
* You can eat whatever you like.
207. purpose – aim – intention – plan:
purpose ‫غرض‬
* Our compaign's main purpose is to raise money for charity.
aim ‫هدف‬
* Our main aim is to increase our exports to Europe.
35
intention ‫نية ـ قصد‬
* I have no intention to go to the party.
plan ) ‫خطة ( ما قررت عمله وترتيبه‬
* There is no plan to build new metro stations.
208. story - storey
story ‫قصة‬
* He told me a very boring story.
storey ‫طابق‬
* We live in a five-storey building.
209. middle - centre
middle )‫ فترة زمنية‬/ ‫ شارع‬/ ‫منتصف (طريق‬
the middle of the street / the middle of the road / the middle of the century / in the middle of
the night
centre ‫ مركز‬/ ‫وسط‬
city centre / town centre / the centre of attention
210. overlook
overlook = look over ‫يطل علي‬
* My flat overlooks the Nile.
overlook ‫يتغاضي عن‬
* I usually overlook his mistake because he's still too young.
 view / scene / scenery / sight / sights
view )‫منظر طبيعي (غالبا نراه من مكان معين‬
* I want a room with a view of the sea
scene ‫ مكان وقوع حدث معين‬/ )‫مشهد (في مسرحية مثال‬
* The police arrived at the scene of the accident / crime
scenery )‫ غابات‬/ ‫ أنهار‬/ ‫وديان‬/ ‫مناظر طبيعية (جبال‬
* During the journey, they stopped to admire the scenery.
211. move
move = move in )‫ ينتقل لسكن جديد (ال يأتي بعدها مفعول‬/ ‫يغير سكنه‬
* He didn't like his house, so he decided to move.
move into + ‫مفعول‬
* He decided to move into a new house.
212. insulate - isolate
insulate ‫يغطي بمادة عازلة للصوت أو الكهرباء أو الحرارة‬
1- These wires are insulated. ‫معزول‬
2- It’s too cold outside, but this building is well insulated.
isolate ‫يفصل شيء أو شخص عن أخر‬
* People who have infectious diseases ‫ أمراض معدية‬are often isolated from others.
213. get in – get into
get in )‫يدخل (بدون مفعول‬
* The door was locked, so she couldn't get in.
get into )‫يدخل (بعدها مفعول‬
36
* The door was locked, so he got into the house through the window.
214. conduct
conduct ‫يوصل حرارة ـ كهرباء‬
* Wood doesn't conduct heat or elecricity.
conduct ‫يتصرف‬
* He conducted himself far better than expected.
215. stairs – escalator – elevator – lift
stairs ‫السلم‬
* The stairs of his house are made of oak.
escalator ) ‫سلم متحرك ( كهربى‬
* An escalator carries people among different floors of a large building.
elevator ( lift ) ) ‫مصعد ( كهربى‬
* Ahmed's flat is on the sixth floor. Let's take the elevator ( lift ).
216. announcement – advertisement – commercial
announcement ‫إعالن (غالبا بصفة رسمية) عن شيء حدث أو سيحدث‬
* The boss said that he had an important announcement to make.
advertisement ‫إعالن الهدف منه إقناع الناس بشراء منتج أو خدمة معينة‬
* I often read newspaper advertisements for new cars.
commercial ‫إعالن تجاري ُيذاع في الراديو أو التليفزيون بين البرامج‬
* There are often too many commercials between TV programs.
217. conductor
conductor ) ‫محصل تذاكر ( فى أتوبيس أو قطار‬
* Ahmed is a bus conductor.
conductor ‫موصل حرارة أو كهرباء‬
* Wood isn't a conductor of electricity.

218. politician - diplomat

politician ‫رجل السياسة‬
* Yesterday's interview was a debate between two politicians.
diplomat ) ‫دبلوماسى ( فى سفارة أو فى وزارة الخارجية‬
* Ahmed works as a diplomat in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
219. prove - proof
prove ‫يثبـت‬
* He proved that he is innocent.
proof ‫دليل ـ برهان‬
* Can you provide any proof of identity?
220. by – on - in
by ( car / taxi / train / plane / boat …etc) ‫تستخدم قبل وسائل المواصالت إذا لم يسبقها أداة أو صفة ملكية‬.
* He went to Cairo by bus.
on ( car – taxi ) ‫تستخدم قبل وسائل المواصالت إذا سبقها أداة أو صفة ملكية ما عدا‬
* He travelled to Cairo on the train.
in ( car – taxi ) ‫تستخدم إذا سبقها أداة أو صفة ملكية قبل‬
37
* We went to Mansoura in my car.
221. civilization - civility
civilization ‫حضارة ـ تحضر‬
* The civilization of the ancient Egyptians were great.
civility ) ‫لطف ـ مجاملة ( فى المعاملة‬
* staff members trained to treat customers with civility at all times.
222. treasure - treasury
treasure ‫كنز‬
* The ancient Egyptians put treasures beside their dead kings in tombs.
treasury ‫الخزانة العامة‬
* Treasury is the government department that control public money.
223. adviser - consultant
adviser ‫ناصح ـ مرشد‬
* He is a special adviser to the president on education.
consultant ) ‫مستشار ( دكتور ـ خبير‬
* He owns a firm of management consultants.
224. oppose - protest
oppose ‫يعارض ـ يقاوم‬
1- He threw all those who opposed him in prison.
2- I would oppose changing the law.
protest ) ‫يحتج ـ يعترض ( رسميا‬
* They fully intend to protest the decision.
225. desert - dessert
desert ‫صحراء ـ يهجر‬
* They were lost in the desert for nine days.
dessert ‫الحلو بعد األكل‬
* He deserted his wife and family for another woman.
226. search - search for
search ‫يفتش‬
* When the police caught the thief, they searched him.
search for = look for ‫يبحث عن‬
* Police are searching for a tall woman in a white coat.
227. like = keen on - fond of - interested in
‫يحب‬
* She likes reading.
(be) keen on ‫متحمس لـ‬
* She is keen on reading.
(be) fond of ‫مغرم بـ‬
* She is fond of reading.
(be) interested in ‫مهتم بـ‬
* She is interested in reading.
228. battle – quarrel - dispute
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 battle ‫معركة ـ قتال بين أشخاص‬
* He was killed in a fierce battle with the criminals.
quarrel ‫نزاع ـ شجار‬
* He didn't mention the quarrel with his classmate.
dispute ) ‫خالف أو نزاع ( بين دولتين أو شخصين أو مجموعتين على أرض أو حدود‬
* There is a dispute between the two countries about borders.
229. persuade - convince
persuade ) ‫يقنع ( شخصا ليقوم بعمل شئ بإعطائه أسباب مقنعة‬
* I have tried to persuade her to see a doctor.
convince ) ‫يقنع ( شخصا بأن شيئا ما صحيح‬
* I convinced myself ( that ) I was right.
230. settlement
settlement ) ‫تسوية ( نزاع مثال‬
* The two countries have reached a settlement over borders.
settlement ‫مستوطنة ـ استيطان‬
* A settlement is a place where a group of people live.
231. be located on - be located in - lie
be located on = be situated on = lie ‫موقع علي بحر أو نهر أو محيط‬
* The hotel is (situated) located on the lake side.
be located in = be situated in ‫موقع مكان في دولة أو قارة‬
* The office is located in the city center. lie
‫يقــع‬
* The house lies on the lake side.
lie to ‫يكـذب علـى‬
* He always lies to his father.
lie about ‫يكـذب بخصوص‬
* He lies about escaping from school.
232.use to - use for - used to - ( be ) used to
use + object + to + inf ‫يستخـدم‬
* We use wood to make furniture . ( use for )
use + object + for + ( v + ing ) ‫يستخـدم‬
* We use wood for making furniture .
used to + (inf) ‫ (مصـدر‬verb ) ‫فعــل‬
) ‫إعتـاد أن ( يعبـر عـن عـادة كانـت تحـدث فـى الماضـى ولـم تعـد تحـدث اآلن ويأتـى بعـده المصـدر‬
1- I used to play football .
2- She used to study hard.
(be) used to + ( v + ing ) ( adj ) ‫صفــة‬
) v + ing (‫معتـاد علـى ( تعبـر عن عـادة تحـدث فى الوقـت الحاضـر وتأتـى بعـدها‬
1- I'm used to playing football .
2- He is used to playing chess.
233. supply
supply (someone / something) with ‫ يزود بـ‬/ ‫يمد‬
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* We should supply our schools with modern technology.
supply (something) to.. ‫ يزود بــ‬/ ‫يمد‬
* His parents supplied a lot of books to him.
supplies = food or other items necessary for living )‫ مياه‬/ ‫ طبية‬/ ‫إمدادات (غذائية‬
 After the earthquake, a lot of people were in need of food and medical supplies.
234. hardly (any / ever) = almost not )‫ تقريبا ال (تدل علي النفي‬/ ‫بالكاد‬
* We have hardly any money. = We have almost no money.
235. Try ‫ يجرب‬/ ‫يحاول‬
1- He tried to catch the thief, but he couldn't/
2- You should try this salad. It's delicious.
try on ‫يقيس‬
* You can try on this shirt in the fitting room.
236. wear
wear away ‫يتآكل ويصبح أقل سمكا نتيجة لكثرة االستخدام‬
* The inscription ‫ نقوش‬on the coin ‫ عملة معدنية‬wore away.
wear down ‫ يتغلب بالتدريج علي‬/ ‫ُيضعف‬
* She was worn down by overwork.
wear off ‫يختفي أثره أو يزول بالتدريج‬
* The pain in my knee is slowly wearing off.
wear on )‫يمر ببطء (للوقت‬
* As the week wore on, she discovered that she didn't do anything useful.
wear out ‫يبلي وال يصلح لالستخدام‬
* My boots wore out. I need to buy a new pair.
236. recommend
recommend + V-ing / n. ‫يرشح‬
* I recommend sending him an e-mail.
recommend ‫ شــئ‬to ‫يوصـى بـ ـ يرشـح‬ ‫شخـص‬
* I recommend this book to you.
recommend ‫ شخـص‬for ‫شــئ‬
* She can recommend the right person for the job.
recommend ‫ شخـص‬to ‫شـــئ‬
* He recommended me a good book to read.
237. reputation - fame
reputation ) ‫سمعة ( آراء الناس‬
* She soon acquired a reputation as a first – class cook.
fame ‫شهرة‬
* He went to Hollywood in search of fame and fortune.
238. earner - breadwinner
earner ‫كاسب رزق ـ مصدر ربح أو دخل‬
1- We have two wage earners in the family.
2- Tourism is the country's biggest foreign currency earner.
breadwinner ‫عائل األسرة‬
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* A breadwinner is a person who supports his family with the money he earns.
239. souvenir – memory - memorial
souvenir ‫هدية تذكارية‬
* Tourists always buy souvenirs from Khan ElKhalili.
memory ‫الذاكـرة‬
* My mobile has 1GB card memory.
memory ‫ذكـري‬
* We have good and bad memories.
memorial ‫ُنُص ب تذكاري‬
* The wall was built as a memorial to soldiers who died in Vitnam.
240. intend
intend to + inf. ‫ يقصد‬/ ‫ينوي‬
* She intended to get the early train, but she didn't get up in time.
be intended to + inf.
* This program is intended to help old people.
be intended for + n. ‫ الهدف منه‬/ ‫المقصود به‬
* It is intended for old people.
241. go on - go on to
go on + (v + ing) ‫يستمر فى عمل نفس الشئ‬
* We can't go on fishing like this.
go on to + (inf) ‫يستمر فى عمل شئ آخر‬
* The teacher went on to explain the lesson.
242. caution - warning
caution ‫حذر‬
* Sick animals should be handled with great caution.
warning ‫تحذير ـ إنذار‬
* The referee gave the footballer a warning.
243. hence - hedge
hence ‫ســور‬
* My house is enclosed with a fence.
hedge ‫سياج ـ سور من األشجار‬
* Our garden has a beautiful hedge that separates it from my uncle's.
244. alarm - ultimatum
alarm ‫جهاز إنذار ـ إنذار بخطر‬
1- I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm.
2- A car alarm went off in the middle of the night.
ultimatum ) ‫إنذار خطير ( لشخص أو لدولة للخضوع لشئ ما‬
* The government issued an ultimatum to the rebels to surrender.
245. spend:
spend time + V + ing. ‫يقضي الوقت في‬
* She spent the afternoon reading a science fiction story.
spend money on ..‫ينفق المال على‬
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* She spent most of her money on clothes.
246. diary – dairy:
diary ‫مفكرة‬
* He forgot to write the date of the meeting in his diary.
dairy ‫ معمل ألبان‬/ ‫متعلق بمنتجات األلبان‬
* Milk, butter and cheese are dairy products.
247. melt - dissolve
melt ) ‫يصهر ـ ينصهر ( بالحرارة‬
.The heat melted the snow *
dissolve ) ‫يذوب ـ يذيب ( فى سائل‬
.Dissolve these pills in water *
248. ability - capacity
ability ‫قدرة ـ مقدرة‬
.A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability to relax *
capacity ‫سعـة‬
.The theatre has a seating capacity of 2000 *
249. permission - allowance
permission ‫إذن‬
?Did your father give you a permission to use his car *
allowance ‫مصروف ـ عالوة‬
.His father gives him a small monthly allowance *
250. erupt - revolt
erupt ) ‫يثور ـ ينفجر ( بركان‬
.If a volcano erupts, it sends out smoke and fire into the sky *
revolt ) ‫يثور على ( وضع ـ نظام‬
.Teenagers always revolt against parental discipline *
251. Provide with - provide for
*provide …… with …… ! ‫يزود‬........... ‫يمد ب‬
Who provides him with money?
*provide ……for …… ‫يوفر‬
Who provides money for him?
252. Power / force / energy
power ‫قوة – سلطة – طاقة – قوة محركة‬
The ship was helpless against the power of the storm.
Solar power ‫طاقة شمسية‬
Force ‫قوة – قوة عسكرية‬
The force of the explosion knocked them to the ground.
Energy ‫طاقة‬
Oil, wind and sun are sources of energy.
253. Turn on / turn off / turn into
turn on / switch on the lights
 turn off / switch off the lights
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turn into ‫يتحول الي‬
Energy from the flowing water is turned into electricity.
Rubbish is burnt and converted into energy.

254.  pressure (n.) – ‫ضغط‬  pressure (v.) -‫يرغم‬-‫يجبر‬  pressure groups‫جماعات‬

‫موقف صع‬ ‫يضغط‬ ‫الضغط‬
Teachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours.
 The president is under pressure to resign.
The pressure groups influence the government s decision to open the road to Gaza.
255.  Nuclear fission (n.) ‫انشطار نووي‬ Nuclear fusion ( n. )‫اندماج نووي‬
 nuclear weapons / wastes‫اسلحة – نفايات‬ nuclear reactor(n.)‫مفاعل نووي‬
*Egypt plans to use nuclear fuels to generate electricity.
*Nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for
thousands of years before it is safe..
*Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to people's health and to the
environment..
256.  renew (v.) ‫يستأنف مرة‬-‫يجدد‬  renewal (n.) ‫تجديد‬  renewable (adj.) ‫متجدد‬
‫اخري‬
 renewables (n.) ‫ طاقات متجددة‬ non renewable ‫غير متجدد‬
I have decided not to renew my driving licence this year.
 The next morning the Israeli war planes renewed their bombing on Gaza.
 We should depend on the renewable sources of energy
257.  Fashion (n.) ‫قصص‬  old-fashioned Fashionable ( adj. )‫خيالي‬
‫خيالية‬
*He refused to follow the fashion.
*It was fashionable for men to have long hair.
*He collects old-fashioned cars.
She is fashionably dressed.
258.  Law (n.) lawful (adj.) - ‫شرعي‬  Lawyer (n.)‫محامي‬
‫قانون‬ ‫قانوني‬
*His first job was a lawyer.
*He is going to start his lawful job as a journalist.
*It is against the law not to wear a safety belt.
259.  Customs (n.) ‫عادات‬-‫ عرف‬ traditions ‫ تقاليد او فكر موروث‬ habit (n.) ‫عاة فردية‬
‫اجماعية‬
I am not familiar with the customs of the European society.
 It is one of the football traditions that the players exchange T-shirts after the match.
Smoking is a bad habit.
260. Graduate
Graduated in ‫ يتخرج في مادة‬He graduated in law and worked as a lawyer.
Graduate from ‫ يتخرج من‬ He graduated from Cairo University.

43
A graduate of ‫ خريج‬ He was a graduate of Assuit University.
(n.) ‫روتين يومي‬ Red tape (n.) ‫روتين حكومي‬
 He has a strict daily routine.
The red tape in Egypt hinders investment.
261.  Amnesia (n.) ‫قصص خيالية‬ amnesty ‫عفو سياسي –عفو قانوني‬
She could remember nothing about the week and is thought to have suffered from amnesia.
262.  Excavation (n.) ‫تنقيب عن االثار‬  excavate (v.) ‫ينقب عن االثار‬
 Archaeologists are planning a new excavation in the south of the country.
These Roman coins were excavated from a site in Cambridge.
263.  Mousetrap ‫مصيدة‬  mouse mat ‫مفرش ماووس الكومبيوتر‬
After they saw a mouse, they decided to put a mousetrap in the kitchen.
264.  Murder = crime (n.)  murder(v.) ‫يقتل‬  Murderer (n.)‫مجرم قاتل‬
‫جريمة‬
She was charged with attempted murder..
 She was accused / convicted of murdering her husband.
He was a murderous dictator.‫ديكتاتور سفاح‬
265.  Poison (n.)-(v.)-‫سم‬  poisonous (adj.) ‫سام‬  poisoned (adj.) ‫مسمم‬
‫يسمم‬
He tried to poison his wife.
 Her father had poisoned her mind against me.
 Last year we had a food poisoning as we had eaten salted fish.
 Ten people died of poisonous gas yesterday.
266.  shy (adv.)‫خجول بطبعه‬  Shyly ( adv.) ‫بخجل‬ Shyness (n.) ‫خجل‬
 He was too shy to say anything to her.
 She smiled shyly.
You have nothing to be ashamed of.‫خجول من خطأ ارتكبه‬
267. Crime (n.)  Criminal (n.) (adj.)‫ اجرامي‬-‫ مجرم‬Criminologist (n.) ‫عالم في علم‬
‫جريمة‬ ‫الجريمة‬
 Violent crime is on the increase.
 He has a criminal record.
The police look for the dangerous criminal.
268.  Hard (adj.) (adv.)  hardly (adv.) ‫بصعوبة – بالكاد‬
‫ بجد‬,‫باجتهاد‬, ‫صلب‬, ‫جاد‬
 You can't break it. It is very hard.
 He is a hard worker. = He works hard.
I can hardly hear you .Raise your voice, please.
269.  Root (n.) ‫اسنان‬/‫ شعر‬/ ‫ جذر نبات‬ rooted(adj.) ‫متأصل‬  Root out (v.)‫يستأصل‬
‫اصل‬-
Money is the root of all evils.
 Most prejudices are rooted in ignorance.
It is our aim to root out corruption.
270.  Damage (n.)-(v.)-‫تلف‬  damaging (adj.) ‫متلف‬  damaged (adj.) ‫تالف‬
‫يتلف‬
He suffered brain damage in the car crash.

44
  Smoking can seriously damage your health.
 The world suffers from the damaging effects of pollution.
 The storm did a lot of damage.
 It will cost a fortune to repair the damage to the roof.
271.  short (adj)‫مختصر‬-‫قصير‬  Shortness (n.) ‫قصر‬ Shortage (n.) ‫نقص‬
 I am abit short of money.
 In short we need more money.
 Many African countries suffer from food shortage
272. Carve into (v.) ‫ينحت في‬ carve out (v.) ‫ينحت من‬
 The statue was carved out of stone.
They had carved their initials into the tree.
273.  mass (n.) ‫ حجم –شامل –يتجمع‬-‫كتلة‬-  The masses (n.) ‫الجماهير‬
‫ قداس‬ massive (adj.)‫ضخم‬  Mess (n.) ‫فوضي‬
 One litre of water has a mass of one kilogram.
 He failed to win the support of the masses.
 He had to repay massive debts.
Don’t make a mess in the kitchen.
274.  Base (n.) ‫ قاعدة –مكان‬ basis (n.) bases (pl.)– ‫ اساس‬ Basic (adj.) -‫اساسي‬
‫اقامة‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫ريئسي‬
It is easy to fasten the monitor onto the base.
 There is no legal basis for his claims.
The basic problem is very simple.
275. Admit (n.) ‫يعترف‬  Confess (v.) ‫يعترف رسميا‬  distant (adj.) ‫بعيد‬
 He was ashamed to admit his mistake.
 She admitted ing the keys.
He confessed to the murder.
276.  Temporary ‫ مؤقت‬ permanent ‫دائم‬
 He found a temporary job during the summer holiday.
I got a permanent job in Vodafone.
277.  Complain (v.) to ‫ يشكو‬ complain of ‫ يشكو من مرض‬ complain about ‫يشكو‬
‫الي‬ ‫شيء‬
 He complained of toothache.
 She complained to her father about her money.
 He complained that he didn't get his salary.
 She complained about the noise.
278. Good at (adj.) ‫ جيد في‬ He is good at playing tricks.
Good for (adj.) ‫مفيد‬-‫ مناسب ل‬ The climate is good for your health.
Good to (adj.) ‫ حنون –طيب‬ My granddaughter is very good to me.
279.  Achieve (v.) ‫ينجز – يحقق‬ Achievement (n.)‫انجاز‬
 achievable (adj.) ‫يمكن تحقيقه‬  achiever (adj.) ‫ناجح – انسان منجز‬
 I have achieved my ambition.
 He is from a family of high achievers.

45
 He is very modest about his achievements.
280. diabetes ‫مرض‬  Diabetic (adj.) ‫مريض‬
‫السكر‬ ‫بالسكر‬
 People who have diabetes must be very careful about what they eat.
She has been diabetic since she was a child.
281. gradual (adj.) ‫تدريجي‬  gradually (adv.) ‫تدريجيا‬
The change has been gradual.
 The voice gradually became louder.
282.  Result (n.)  result from (v.) ‫ ينجم‬ Result in (v.) ‫يؤدي‬
‫نتيجة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الي‬
Unemployment is the result of the new economic policy.
 There was a food shortage resulting from the lack of rainfall.
 Smoking result in cancer.

283. Specialise in
Specialise in (v.) ‫ يتخصص في‬ She works for a company specializing in law.

Specialist ‫ متخصص‬ He is a specialist in childhood diseases.

Specialization ‫ تخصص‬ Specialization is the trend of all scholars.
Specially (adv.) ‫ خصوصا‬ I made this specially for you.

284.theory
 theory ‫نظرية‬  in theory ‫نظريا‬  theoretical‫نظري‬
 theorist ‫مؤمن بنظرية‬  theoretically ‫نظريا‬
 The theory has never been proved yet.
 It is theoretically possible.
He is a political theorist.
285.Amount of (n.) ‫ كمية‬A number of (n.) Amount to + sthg ‫ما‬
‫من‬ ‫عدد من‬ ‫يوازي‬
 The project will take a huge amount of time and money.
 They received a number of complaints.
He gave what amounted to an apology.

46
286. Invisible ‫ غير مرئي‬Invisibility ‫اخفاء – عدم رؤية‬
(adj.)
Visible ‫ مرئي‬Visibility ‫رؤية – وضوح‬
Vision ‫تخطيط‬-‫وجهة نظر – ابصار‬
 The fire was visible from five km away.
 It was foggy and the visibility was down to 50 metres.
 The house was invisible from the road.
He has poor vision in his left eye.
287. release (v.) ‫ يعلن عن معلومات‬-‫يطلق سراح – يبعث‬
 He was released on bail ‫كفالة‬.
The government hasn’t released the dead woman‘s name.
288. Finance (n.)‫مال‬- ‫يمول‬- ‫المالية‬  financial (adj.) ‫مالي‬
 Financially (adv.) ‫ماليا‬  financial adviser (n.)
‫مستشار مالي‬
Ex :
1- The world has suffered from the financial crisis.
2- Who is financing the project?
3- You must know how to manage your finances.
4- The company needs a financial adviser.

289. History ‫التاريخ‬  historical -‫تاريخي متعلق بدراسة التاريخ(فيلم – قصة‬

)‫مسرحية‬
 Historian  historic )‫ لحظة‬-‫مبني‬-‫هام تاريخيا (حدث‬
‫مؤرخ‬
 Historically (adv.)‫تاريخيا‬  story ‫قصة وهي وصف الحداث قد تكون حقيقة او خيالية‬
Ex :
1- She is studying history at the university.
2- It was a historic event when Egypt restored Sinai.
3- Youssif Shahin produced the historical film EL nasr Salah El din.
290. Object (n.) – ‫شيء –هدف‬  object to (v.)‫يعترض علي‬
‫مفعول‬
 Objection (n.) ‫اعتراض‬  objective (n.) = goal ‫ غرض‬- ‫هدف‬
 Objective (adj.) ‫موضوعي‬
47
Ex : 1- Bend your knees when you lift heavy objects.
2- The object of the game is to score more points than the opposing
team.
3- We objected to his demands.
4- I have no objection if you want to stay one more day.
5- His main objective is to make a lot of money.
6- I try to be objective when I criticize someone work.
291. Assist in / with (v.)‫يساعد‬  assistance (n.) ‫مساعدة‬
 Assistant (n.) ‫ مساعد‬e.g. Sales assistant – shop assistant
Ex : 1- The army arrived to assist in the search .
2- Can I be of any assistance? = can I help you?
292. Imprison (v.)‫يسجن‬  imprisonment (n.) ‫حبس‬
 Prisoner (n.) ‫سجين‬  prison (n.) ‫سجن‬
Ex: 1- He was imprisoned for theft. 2- He had suffered from
imprisonment.
293. Accuse of (v.) ‫يتهم ب‬  the accused (n.) ‫المتهمين‬
 accusingly (adv.)‫متهما‬  Accusation (n.)‫اتهام‬
Ex : 1- he was falsely accused of the murder .
2- He made a number of accusations against his boss.
3- Why are you giving me this accusing look?

294. Enviable (adj.) ‫محسود‬ envious of (adj.) ‫حاسد‬

 Enviously (adv.)  Envy (n.)(v.) ‫ يحسد‬-‫الحسد‬
‫حاسدا‬
Ex: 1- I don’t envy him that job. 2- She was envious of his
successful career.
3- She is in the enviable position of being able to choose who she works
for.
295.Fiancé (n.) ‫ خطيب مقبل علي‬ fiancée (n.) ‫خطيبة‬
‫الزواج‬
 Divorced (n.)  divorcee (n.)‫مطلقة‬
‫مطلق‬
48
 Recognise (v.) ‫ يحترم‬-‫ يكرم‬-‫يتعرف علي‬  recognition (n.) ‫اعتراف –تكريم‬
 Recognisable (adj.) ‫يمكن التعرف عليه‬
ex: 1- I recognized her from her picture.
2- He was recognized by the president for his work.
3- There is recognition that she is the best person for the job.
4- After the earthquake, the village was not recognisable.
296.  Revenge (n.) ‫انتقام‬  avenge (v.) ‫ينتقم‬
Ex: 1- he was killed in revenge for the murder.
2- He's made life difficult for me but I will get/take revenge.
297. Celebrate (v.) ‫يحتفل‬ Celebrity (n.)‫شخص مشهور‬
 celebrated for(adj.)‫ مشهور‬ celebratory (adj.) ‫احتفالي‬
 Do you celebrate charismas in your country?
 She is celebrated (famous) for her wit.
 A lot of celebrities always visit this place.
 They are in a celebratory mood.
You have passed? This calls for celebration.
298. Landmark (n.) ‫ حدث بارز‬-‫معلم بارز‬
 The pyramids are a landmark of Egypt.
Her speech was a landmark in the history of civil rights .
299. Mark (v.) -‫ عالمة يميز –يحتفل‬ Mark (n.) ‫ مستوي‬-‫درجة‬-‫عالمة‬
‫يضع‬
 He left dirty marks on the carpet.
 She always gets good marks in English.
His death marks an era of injustice.‫فترة من الظلم‬

300. Procession  Process (n.)  Proceed (v.) ‫يستمر‬

(n.) ‫موكب‬ ‫عملية‬
Buying a house is a long and complicated process.
 We walked in the funeral procession for three hours.
 His lawyer decided not to proceed with his case.
301. Event ‫حدث هام‬  incident ‫ سيء‬- ‫حدث غريب‬  accident‫حادثة‬
 The meeting with the president is a historical event.
 Some incidents occur on this remote island.
He had an accident on the way home.

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302. Folk ‫ موسيقي شعبية‬-‫شعب‬-‫ ناس‬Folk (adj.) ‫شعبي‬
(n.)
Folklore ‫ الفولكلور الشعبي‬Folksy (adj.) ‫ودود – ابن بلد‬
(n.)
 We always spend weekends with our folks(parents)
 Cultures have their own traditional folk music.
Abu Zeid Al helali was a folk hero.
303.Vary (v.) ‫ يتنوع – يختلف‬varied (adj.) ‫متنوع‬
Variety (n.) ‫ تشكيلة‬ variable (adj.) ‫متنوع‬
Variously (adv.) ‫ بطريقة متنوعة‬various (adj.) ‫متنوع‬
.He has done a variety of jobs
She gave various excuses for being late.
 You have a long varied career.
304. Degree (n.) – ‫درجة حرارة –زاوية‬Grade (n.)‫مستوي – صف دراسي‬
‫ كمية‬-‫مؤهل‬
 Master’s degree (n.)‫درجة الماجستير‬
 Temperature rose as high as 40 degrees.
 She has a degree in physics.
 I agree with you to a certain degree.
My son is in the fifth grade.
305. personal (adj.) -‫ شخصي‬ Personnel (n.) ‫شئون العاملين – االفراد‬
‫خاص‬
 He got a few personal problems.
I need to speak to someone in personnel.
306. staff (n.)‫هيئة موظفين‬ Stuff (v.) ‫يحشو‬  stiff (adj.) -‫قاسي‬
‫صلب‬
 He joined the staff of the college as a professor.
 He stuffed the paper into the briefcase.
 we need stiff penalties for drink driving.
307. Download (v.) ‫ ينزل من‬ upload (v.) ‫يرفع الي االنترنت‬
‫االنترنت‬
 You download them from the internet onto an e-book reader.
I upload all my files on the internet.
308.Screen (n.)(v.) -‫يفحص‬-‫شاشة –سينما‬ On screen ‫مستخدما الحاسب‬
‫يعرض‬
 I spend most of the day working in front of a computer screen.
Do you work on screen?
309 Bleach ‫ مادة كيماوية للتبييض‬Bleach (v.) ‫ يبيض‬-‫يزيل لون‬
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(n.)
bleak (adj.) ‫ جاف‬-‫يائس – محبط‬
 She bleached her hair.
The future is bleak for small clubs.

.soak (v .310 ‫يسيل‬-‫ يغمس‬-‫ يغمر‬Soak up (v.) ‫يمتص‬

soaking (adj.)= wet soaked (adj.) ‫مبلل‬
.Ex: 1- Soak the bread in the milk
.Fry the potatoes until they soak up the oil -2

311.wage ) ‫أجر يومي (اسبوعي‬ salary ‫مرتب شهري (سنوي) مرتب حكومة‬

fees ‫ سباك‬/ ‫ محامي‬/ ‫أتعاب دكتور‬ fare ‫أجرة مواصالت‬

☺Some people have wages at the end of the week.
☺Most Egyptian workers take their salaries on 25 of the month.
☺The plumber took his fees after finishing work.
☺On the bus , Ali didn't have enough fare.
312. advantages of + ‫ الشيء‬/ advantages for + ‫الشخص‬
☺What are the advantages of the internet.
☺What are the advantages and disadvantages for local people.
313. employ ‫يوظف‬ employer ‫صاحب العمل‬ employee ‫موظف‬
☺The government tries to employ new graduates.
☺The employer had a meeting with the employees.
314. made of / made from / made by / made in
☺Doors are made of wood. ☺ Paper is made from wood.
☺This chair is made by the carpenter. ☺Clothes are made in Mahallah.
315. Remember these adverbs
1 – abroad  in or to a foreign country.
2 – above  in a higher position.
3 – aboard  on or onto a ship or train.
4 – ahead  in front.
5 – ashore  onto land by the side of the sea.

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316. sloping roofs ‫اسقف منحدرة‬ flat roofs ‫اسقف مسطحة‬
Buildings in Japan have sloping roofs.
In Egypt, there are flat roofs.
317. home to ‫موطن ل‬ be located = be situated = lies ‫تقع جغرافيا‬

Sinai is a home to wild life .

Egypt lies in Africa.
Egypt is located in Africa.
318. souvenirs‫هدايا تذكارية‬ / presents(gifts) ‫هدية‬

reward ‫مكافأة‬ / prize ‫جائزة‬

We bought many souvenirs to remind us of our holiday in Egypt.
He gave me a present ( gift) on my birthday.
His teacher gave him a reward for his honesty.
He won the first prize in the race.
astronaut astronomer astrologer .319
.An astronaut is the person who travels into outer space #
.An astronomer is the person who studies stars and planets
.An astrologer is the person who predicts the future
320. expert ( in- on )‫خبير( متخصص في مجال علمي‬ experienced( adj ) ‫لديه خبرة‬
.Dr. Elbaz is an expert in space #
.Ali is experienced in computers #
321. discover ‫يكتشف شيء له وجود ولكن غير معروف‬
Invent ‫يخترع شىء ليس له وجود‬
Explore ‫يستكشف مكان يزوره ألول مرة‬
# Columbus discovered America.
# Graham Bill invented the telephone.
# I dream of exploring space.
322. spin ‫يدور حول نفسه بسرعة‬ orbit ‫يدور حول شيء آخر‬
( The Earth orbits the sun)
323. Life ‫الحياة بوجه عام‬ A life of ‫ياتى معها وصف الحياة‬ The life of ‫فترة في حياة شخص‬
# Life is full of ups and downs. # Life is the opposite of death.
# Children should have a life of fun. # People in Gaza have a hard life.
# The life of Taha Hussein was difficult.
324.Borrow‫ يستلف‬-‫يستعير‬ Lend ‫ يعير‬-‫يسلف‬ Owe ‫يستدين – يدين بــ‬
# Hams borrowed some money from Mido. ‫ شخص‬borrow ‫ شيء‬from ‫شخص‬

52
# Mido lent Hams some money. ‫ شخص‬lend ‫ شيء‬+ ‫شخص‬
# Mido lent some money to Hams. ‫ شخص‬lend ‫ شيء‬to ‫شخص‬
# Hams owes Mido some money. ‫ شخص‬owe ‫شخص شيء‬
325. Decade) ‫ سنوات‬10 ( ‫ حقبة‬Century ) ‫ سنة‬100 ( ‫قرن‬ Millennium ) ‫ سنة‬1000( ‫ألفية‬
# A decade is a period of ten years. # a century is a period of one hundred years.
# a millennium is a period of on thousand years.
326.Everyday + ‫يومي‬ ‫اسم‬ Every day ) ‫كل يوم ( ظرف‬
) ‫( صفة‬
# The government should provide citizens with their everyday needs.‫االحتياجات اليومية‬
# I like to visit my relatives every day.
327. Be born in + ‫ الشهر‬- ‫ السنة‬-‫ المكان‬Be born on + ‫اليوم‬ Be born into + ‫العائلة‬
# My father was born in Mehalla in 1944.
# My son was born on Monday2003.
# She was born into a good family.
328. Machines ) ‫ آالت ( اسم يعد وله مفرد‬Machinery ) ‫آالت ( اسم ال يعد وليس له مفرد و يعامل معاملة المفرد‬
# The factory bought a new machine. ( new machines )
# The machinery in this factory is high-tech.
329. Wave ‫ يلوح – يشير بيده‬-‫موجة‬ Shake ‫يهز – يرج‬
# The waves of the sea are very high today. # I waved to the taxi , but it was occupied.
# Shake the bottle before using the medicine.
330. long - length
The snake is 10 meters long. The snake is 10 m in length.

331. on the way ‫فى الطريق إلى‬ in the way ‫معترضا الطريق‬
# I saw an accident on my way to school.
# I couldn't go on my way as there was a car in my way.
332.similar ( to ) ‫متشابه جزئيا‬ the same ( as ) ‫ متطابق – مثل تمام‬the same + ‫االسم نفس‬
# Your car is similar to mine. They have the same colour.
# Your car has the same colour as mine.

.333‫و اآلن مع أهم أجزاء الشجرة واستخدامها‬-

Bark ‫اللحاء‬ The tough outer layer of a tree that protects its living parts on the trunk.
Trunk ‫الساق‬ .The strongest part of a tree that grows wider and supports branches
Root ‫الجذر‬ .The underground part of a tree that hold down the tree securely
Leaves ‫األوراق‬ .The food factory of a tree

53
 Branches ‫الفروع‬ .Grow out from the trunk and support the leaves
Fruit ‫الثمرة‬ ..Produced by some trees every year

.334 ‫و يوجد نوعان من األشجار‬

1. deciduous trees ----------- trees which lose their leaves in winter.
2. coniferous trees ----------- evergreen trees that don't lose their leaves.

334.drought ( no rain ) ‫قحط – جفاف‬ famine ( no food ) ‫مجاعة‬

# The drought was followed by famine which caused the death of many people.
335. machine ‫آله‬ instruments ‫آالت أو أجهزة فنية‬ tool ) ‫اداة ( المنشار مثال‬
# He showed me how to operate the new machine.
# A dentist has to get dental instruments that cost a lot .

336.Covered in ‫مغطى بشيء كجزء منه‬ Covered with ‫مغطى بشيء ليس جزء منه‬
# Birds are covered in feathers . # Everest is covered with snow.

337. lose ‫يفقد‬ get lost ‫يتوه‬ miss ‫يفتقد – يفقد مواصلة‬
# H lost his bag yesterday and he hasn't found it yet.
# While my son was in Alex , he got lost,
# I miss my father so much as I haven't seen him for a long time.
# I got up late , so I missed the train.
338. space
 Solar eclipse ------ the eclipse of the sun ( the moon is between the Earth and the sun ).
 Lunar eclipse ----- the eclipse of the moon (the Earth is between the moon and the sun)
 Total eclipse ------------ the sun or the moon disappear completely.
 Partial eclipse ----------- the sun or the moon disappear in part.

About Eyes.338
 View ‫منظر ثابت‬ # The view from my bed room window is wonderful.
 sight ‫مشهد مؤقت‬ # I saw a sad sight while walking in the street.
 sight ‫ الرؤية‬- ‫البصر‬ # Taha Hussein lost his sight when he was young.
 landscape ‫ منظر طبيعي‬# The landscape along the Nile is amazing.
 sights ‫معالم المدينه‬ # I visited Paris and enjoyed watching its sights.

54
 Land mark- Landscape- Land slide- landfill .339
 Land mark------ The Eiffel Tower is the land mark of France. ‫عالمة مميزة‬
 Landscape ----- The landscape along the Nile is wonderful . ‫منظر طبيعى – مظاهر السطح‬
 Land slide ------The stadium was destroyed owing to a dangerous land slide. ‫انهيار تربة‬
 landfill----------- Rubbish should be thrown in a landfill. ‫مكان القاء القمامة و تجميعها‬

Snow- Ice- Break the ice .340

 Snow ‫الجليد‬ # soft white pieces of frozen water that fall like rain in cold weather.
 Ice ‫الثلج‬ # water that has frozen and become solid.
 Break the ice‫ يمهد الحديث‬# I began the meeting with a joke to break the ice.

Sculpture- sculptor – statue- Status .341

 sculpture ---a work of art made from stone , wood , clay etc . ‫فن النحت – ينحت – تمثال منحوت‬
 sculptor ----- someone who makes sculptures . ‫النحات‬
 statue ----a stone , metal etc object that has been made to look like a person or animal.
 Status ‫ حالة – وضع‬----------- what is your marital status ?

342. Abbreviations ‫هامة اختصارات‬

CV curriculum vitae ‫السيرة الذاتية‬
DOB date of birth ‫تاريخ الميالد‬
BA bachelor of arts ‫ليسانس أداب‬
Phd doctor of philosophy ‫دكتوراه فى الفلسفة‬
B.Sc. bachelor of science ‫بكالوريوس علوم‬
M.Sc. Master of science ‫ماجستير فى العلوم‬
IT information technology ‫تكنولوجيا المعلومات‬

343.take notes on ‫ينتبـه‬ make notes of ‫يـدون‬

We must take notes on the teacher's explanation.
Wait ! I'll make notes of your comment.

344. steal rob

steal ‫يسـرق شـئ‬
A thief stole my bag. The thief stole my money.
rob ‫يسـرق مكـان‬
A gang robbed the bank yesterday.
rob somebody of something ‫يسلـب شـئ مـن شخـص‬
They robbed him of his money.

345. between among

55
between ‫بين إثنين‬
He sat between Ahmed and Ali.
among ‫بين أكثر من إثنين‬
She sits among her friends.

346. listen hear

listen to ) ‫ينصت إلي ( سماع بقصد‬
I always listen to the holy Quran in the morning .
hear ) ‫يسمع ( سماع عارض ـ بدون قصد‬
When I was walking in the street I heard someone crying .
hear from ‫يتلقى رسالة من‬
Have you heard from Ahmed?
hear of ‫يسمع أخبار عن ـ يعرف بوجود شخص أو شئ‬
She disappeared and was never heard of again.
hear about ‫يسمع ـ يتلقى معلومات عن‬
You will hear about this later.

347. other another one of

other ‫صفـة يتبعهـا جمـع‬
I will visit other countries .
another ‫صفـة يتبعهـا اسـم مفـرد‬
I will read another story .
One of ‫ما يقـع بعـدها اسم جمع والفعل‬
‫مفـرد‬
One of my friends is adoctor .

348. make profit make loss

make profit ‫يحقـق ربـح‬
His business made great profit.
make loss ‫يخسـر‬
Alas! he made loss last year.

349. afford
afford + to + inf. ‫يتحمـل‬
I can afford to buy acomputer.
afford + N. ‫يتحمـل‬
I wish I could afford a new car.

350. ambitious opportunist

ambitious ‫ طموح‬
She is very ambitious for her children.
opportunist ‫ إنتهازى‬
He is opportunist because he makes use of every chance to have power.

351. adventure risk

adventure ‫ مغامرة‬

56
 When you are a child, life is one big adventure.
risk ‫ مخاطرة‬
Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease.

352. primitive crude vulgar

primitive ‫ بدائى ـ عتيق الطراز‬
There are still primitive tribes in south east Asia.
crude ‫ غير ناضج أو واضح ـ غير مهذب‬
His behavior is still crude despite his age. It is a crude drawing of a flower.
vulgar ‫ مبتذل ـ سوقى ـ بزئ‬
She found his laughter rather vulgar.

Spring .353

Spring ‫ الربيع‬
He was born in the spring.
spring ‫ نبع ماء‬
They discovered some springs in the mountains.
spring ‫ ينبثق ـ يظهر فجأة‬
Tears sprang to her eyes.
He turned off the alarm and sprang out of bed
354. usual occasional
usual ‫معتـاد‬
He was late as usual.
occasional ‫مـن حيـن آلخـر‬
We get the occasional visitor here.

355. interpreter Translator

interpreter ‫مترجـم فـورى ـ شفهـى‬
I want to work as an interpreter.
translator ‫مترجـم نصـوص‬
My uncle is a translator; he translates documents, and official paper

356. Reflect - reflect on

Reflect ‫يعكس‬
Mirrors reflect lights.
reflect on ‫يفكر بشدة‬
I reflected on this problem to solve it but I couldn’t.

357. list – menu

list )‫قائمـة ( أسمـاء – أسعـار التسـوق‬
There is a list of names in alphabetical order.

57
menu ‫قائمـة طعـام فـى مطعم‬
The waiter brought us the menu.

358. fortune a fortune

fortune = luck ‫حــظ‬
It was her good fortune to win such a great amount of money.
a fortune = wealth ‫ثـروة‬
She must have spent a fortune on her wedding dress.

359. street road

street ‫شـارع داخـل مدينـه أو قريـه توجـد علـى جانبيـه المحـالت والمسـاكـن‬
I live in a wide and clean street.
road ) ‫طريـق ( يربـط بين المـدن والقـرى ببعـضه‬
The road between Cairo and Banha is crowded

360. iron
iron ‫ حديد‬
Pliers are made of iron.
iron ‫ مكوي‬
I bought a new iron yesterday.
iron ‫ يكوي‬
I need to iron my shirt.

361. plane glider shuttle rocket spaceship

plane ‫ طائرة بمحرك‬
We always travel abroad by plane.
glider ‫ طائرة شراعية بدون محرك‬
A glider can fly without an engine.
shuttle ‫ مكوك فضاء‬
A shuttle can travel into space and return to Earth more than once.
rocket ‫ صاروخ‬
Astronauts will fly by rockets to a space station.
spaceship ‫ سفينة فضاء‬
A spaceship can travel to space.

362. breathe in = inhale breathe out = exhale

breathe in = inhale ‫ يستنشـق‬
Plants breathe in carbon dioxide
breathe out = exhale ‫ يـزفـر‬
Plants breathe out oxygen.

363. count calculate

count ‫يعــد علـى أصابعه‬ 
58
 Scientists are able to calculate the speed of sound.
calculate ‫يحسـب باآللـة‬ 
Some tribes can’t count up to nine.

364. conquer occupy raid

conquer ) ‫يغزو ( عدو أو بلد‬ 
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
occupy ) ‫يحتل ( مكان أو بلد‬ 
The capital has been occupied by the rebel army.‫الجيش الثائر‬
raid ) ‫يشن ( غارة‬ 
Villages along the border are regularly raided.

365. realize achieve reach

realize ‫ يدرك‬
I'm sorry, I didn't realize that it was so late.
achieve ‫ يحقق‬
He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work harder.
reach ( goal – aim – target ) ‫ يصل إلى ـ يحقق‬
He reached his goal after long hours of hard work.

366. present introduce offer

present ) ‫يقدم ( شـئ ( ـ يهدى ( فعـل‬ 
We will present a cup to the winner.
present ) ‫( فعـل‬ )........ ‫يقدم ( برنامج ـ مسلسل ـ فيلم‬ 
She used to present a programmer about woman on TV.
present ) ‫حاضـر ( صفـة‬ 
All students are present today.
present ) ‫هدية ـ الحاضر ( اسـم‬ 
My father gave me a valuable present on my birthday.
introduce ( ‫يقدم ( شخص آلخر‬ 
He introduced me to his friend Ahmed.
offer ( ‫يقدم ( شـئ لشخص‬ 
He offered me 50,000 for the house.

knock .367
knock on = at ‫يطرق على‬
While I was sleeping, he knocked on the door.
knock off the price ‫يخفـض السعـر‬
Shopkeepers knock off the prices to sell a lot.
knock something off ‫يسـرق ـ يبعـد عن مسـار‬
Scientists can knock an asteroid off its course by setting off an explosion near it.
The assistant was busy, so the thief knocked off some jewellery and ran away.

368. weather
59
wind ‫ الريـاح‬
There was a strong wind yesterday.
rain ‫ المطـر‬
There is no rain in the desert.
drought ‫الجفاف‬ 
All of Africans die of drought.
a storm ‫عاصفـة‬ 
There is a storm outside. It's raining heavily and there is thunder and lightening.
a blizzard ‫عاصفـة ثلجيـة‬ 
A blizzard is a severe snowstorm.
a hurricane ‫إعصار‬ 
The hurricane caused destruction.
flood ‫فيضان‬ 
The village was destroyed by the flood

Jops .369
Editor decides what should be in the magazine, improve the quality of writing and find out
what the readers want.
Illustrator draws pictures and cartoons.
Designer decides what the magazine should look like.
Manager decides on the price , sells and delivers the magazines to the readers .
Photographer Takes photos. writer Writes stories , interesting articles and fictions .

367. ‫ الحظ استخدام المقطع‬multi- ‫ بمعني متعدد مع كلمات معينة مثل‬:

multinational ‫متعدد الجنسيات‬ multicultural ‫متعدد الثقافات‬
multipurpose ‫متعدد األغراض‬ multidimensional ‫متعدد األبعاد‬
multimedia ‫وسائط متعددة‬ multilingual ‫متعدد اللغات‬

368. outdoor / outdoors:

 outdoor (adj.): )‫خارج المنزل (صفة يليها اسم‬
- Football is an outdoor game.
 outdoors (adv.): )‫خارج المنزل (ظرف مكان‬
- He spent the whole day outdoors.

369. gold / golden:

 gold: ) ‫ ذهبى ( أى مصنوع من الذهب‬/ ‫الذهب‬
- Many prospectors ‫ المنقبون عن المعادن‬found gold in the hills of California.
- Her father bought her a gold ring.
 golden: ‫ ذهبى‬/ ‫ذهبى اللون‬
- Mary has got golden hair.
- She missed a golden opportunity ‫فرصة ذهبية‬by turning down ‫رفض‬the job.
370. interfere / interrupt:

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  interfere in: )‫يتدخل فى (شئون اآلخرين‬
- Mother advised me not to interfere in other people's affairs.
 interfere with: ‫ يعرقل‬/ ‫يعوق‬
- Every time the telephone rings, it interferes with her work.
 interrupt: ) ‫يقاطع (شخص أثناء الكالم‬
- He kept interrupting me with his silly questions.
371. cautionary / cautious:

 cautionary: ‫تحذيرى‬
- Her story is a cautionary tale for women travelling alone.
 cautious:‫ حريص‬/ ‫حذر‬
- He's a cautious driver.

372. poor quality- good quality

 poor quality: ‫نوعية رديئة‬
- A lot of cheap toys are of very poor quality. They break easily.
 good quality: ‫نوعية جيدة‬
- Our school gives us good quality education. All the teachers work very hard.
373. Percent- percentage- ratio- increase to
percent ‫في المائة‬ Cairo has 20 percent of the population
percentage ‫ نسبة مئوية‬.  He achieved a good percentage .
ratio ‫ معدل او نسبة – الى‬- The ratio of nurses to doctors is 3:1
increase to 60 percent 60 ‫يزداد بنسبة او الى‬% It will increase to 60% by 2030.

374. infect ‫ُيعدي‬ # infected ‫ ملوث‬/ ‫مصاب‬ # infectious ‫ُم عدي‬

He was infected by bird flu. Malaria is an infectious disease.

hostile - hostel .375

hostile ‫ عدواني‬- ‫عدائي‬
- We didn't expect such a hostile reaction to our ideas.
hostel ‫ بيت الطلبة‬- ‫سكن‬
- We stayed in hostels when we travelled in Europe.

376. Pole- pale

pole ‫قطــــــــــــــب‬
- The Earth has two poles.
pale ‫شاحــــــــب‬
.He had lost a lot of blood and was very pale -

377. (Un-) * ‫بادئة تعطي معني النفي‬

recognisable ‫يمكن التعرف عليه‬ unrecognisable ‫ال يمكن التعرف عليه‬
believable ‫ واقعي‬- ‫ُم قِنع‬ unbelievable ‫ ال ُيَص دق‬- ‫غير معقول‬
readable ‫ يمكن قراءته‬- ‫مقروء‬ unreadable ‫ ال يمكن قراءته‬- ‫غير مقروء‬

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 drinkable ‫صالح للشرب‬ undrinkable ‫غير صالح للشرب‬

angle .378
angle ‫زاويــــــــــة‬
- The lines meet at a sharp angle.
angle ‫وجهة نظــــر‬
- From this angle, the plan did not seem like a good idea.
angel ‫مــــالك‬
- Heaven is filled with angels.
379. mine
mine ‫منجــــــــم‬ - The diamond mine was controlled by the government. mine
‫كنـــــــــــز‬ - The website was a mine of information.
mine ‫لغـــــــــــم‬ - He was killed as he stepped on a buried mine.
mine ‫ملكـــــــــي‬ - Ali's house is big, but mine is bigger.

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