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DRRR Quarter 1 – Module 18 Potential Volcano-Related

Hazards
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR) (Fernandez College of Arts and
Technology )

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Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 15:
Potential Volcano-Related
Hazards

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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 15: Potential Volcano-Related Hazards
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Elmo C. Maagad

Editors: Aries B. Manalo

Riza Mae S. Sanchez

Reviewers: Desiree D. Vista

Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan

Layout Artists: Dyessa Jane P. Calderon

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Disaster Readiness &

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 15:
Potential Volcano-Related
Hazards

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Potential Volcano-Related Hazards!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Potential Volcano-Related Hazards!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

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What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the Potential Volcano-Related Hazards. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module explains various volcano-related hazards (DRR11/12-Ih-i-2).

After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain the most common volcano-related hazards in the Philippines;
2. Appreciate the knowledge about negative impact of volcano-related
hazards; and
3. Recognize the importance of having knowledge on volcano-related
hazards.

What I Know

Pre-test
Directions: Part I. Read each item carefully and choose the best answer by
writing the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. Which of the following is described as a volcanic material which is

directly ejected from the volcano’s vent with force and trajectory?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall
2. It consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic
glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measures less than 2
mm (0.079 inches) in diameter.
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall

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3. Which of the following contains a high-density mix of hot lava blocks,

pumice, ash and volcanic gas?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall
4. What do you call the streams of molten rock that are poured or oozed
from an erupting vent of a volcano?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall
5. What is the term used for the rocks that are ejected into the air by an
erupting volcano?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flow
B. Volcanic Gases D. Lahar
6. What is the collective term for the gases given off by an active volcano?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flow
B. Volcanic Gases D. Lahar
7. The following are all volcanic gases EXCEPT____________.
A. Hydrogen sulphide C. Sulfuric Acid
B. Sulfur dioxide D. Hydrogen
8. What human body system is greatly affected by volcanic gases?
A. Respiratory System C. Muscular System
B. Digestive System D. Skeletal System
9. Which of the following is/are true in lava flow?
1. Lava flow can bury, crush, cover, and burn everything in
their path.
2. It threatens human life because it usually moves slowly.
3. It is most characterized as quiet effusion of lava.
4. It can trigger dangerous pyro clastic flows.
A. 1, 2, & 3 C. 3, 4, & 1
B. 2, 3, & 4 D. 1, 2, 3, & 4
10. Which of the following is/are the negative impacts of Pryroclastic
flows?
1. It leads to increased deposition of sediments along affected rivers
and result to long term flooding problems in the low-lying
downstream communities.
2. It burns forest, farmlands, destroy crops and buildings.
3. It destroys anything on its path by direct impact.
4. It burns sites with hot rocks debris.
A. 1, 2, & 3 C. 3, 4, & 1
B. 2, 3, & 4 D. 1, 2, 3, & 4

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11. Which of the following is/are negative impacts of Lahar?

1. Can destroy by direct impact (bridges, roads, houses)
2. Can bury valleys and communities with debris
3. Can block tributary stream and form a lake
4. Burn sites with hot rocks debris
A. 1, 2, & 3 C. 3, 4, & 1
B. 2, 3, & 4 D. 1, 2, 3, & 4
12. Which of the following volcanic gases when react with water in the
atmosphere yields a compound called Acid rain?
A. Carbon dioxide C. Hydrogen gas
B. Hydrogen fluoride D. Sulfur dioxide
13. Which of the following volcanic hazards is not identified as most
hazardous to the community?
A. Destruction of agricultural lands
B. Long term flooding problem
C. Respiratory tract infection
D. Acid rain
14. Which of the following volcanic hazards is not identified as hazardous
effect to human beings?
A. Respiratory tract infection C. Eye irritation
B. Skin irritation D. Acid rain
15. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about volcanic
hazards?
A. Volcanic hazards have potential threat, for seeable crisis that
directly affect to human beings.
B. Volcanic hazards are observable facts that are arising due to
volcanic activity.
C. Volcanic hazards can even directly affect the political stability of
the country.
D. Volcanic hazards have great contribution to the business aspect
of the country

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Lesson
Various Volcano-Related
1 Hazards
Philippines is a beautiful island. We have Mayon Volcano and Taal Volcano to
mention some that are fascinating and captivating. Did you know that our country
has active volcanoes that may lead to hazards? If this hazard becomes active, then
it will harm and endanger human lives and property. By knowing the concept of
what volcano can do will give you insight on how to mitigate volcanic hazards.

Hazards are “those elements of the physical environment, harmful to man and
caused by force extraneous to him” (Burton, I., Kates, R.W., and White, G.F.1978).

Volcanic hazards are volcanic activities that may harm the subsystem on Earth
such as the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmospheres and even geosphere.

What’s In

Activity 1: It is terrible!
Directions: Look carefully into the picture below, then think of what you can
do with the situation.

Source: 2013 EARTHQUAKE VIDEO BOHOL CEBU 7.2 Magnitude compilation footage Philippines
retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCJtvtUlhPk

1. What is revealed in the picture?

2. List some ways of preparation before an earthquake.
3. What you will do during earthquake?
4. What you will do after an earthquake?

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Notes to the Teacher

This lesson has activities for you to work out to be sure that
you as a learner will understand the topic and encourage
learners to activity answer the activity.

What’s New

By just looking at the pictures below, it is shown that the Taal Volcano is
erupting. This natural event directly affects the environment, the community
and the people.

Source: Domcar C Lagto/PACIFIC Source: Ezra Acayan/Getty Images, Ash from the Taal
P/SIPA/Shutterstock, Taal volcano spews ash volcano eruption darkened skies and coated towns,
and debris kilometres into the sky making the air hazardous to breathe

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Source: EZRA ACAYAN/GETTY, Source: Jojo Riñoza/BenarNews, Washing ash from

Residents fleeing Taal Volcano's eruption ride a the horse as smoke spews from the Taal Volcano, in
flatbed truck on Monday in Lemery, Batangas Balete town, Philippines, Jan. 13, 2020
province, Philippines

Answer:
Based on the picture/s above,

1. What are the hazards that can be brought by volcanic eruption?

2. How these affect humans, animals and environment?
3. Can you share your thoughts on how you could mitigate the effect of
different volcanic hazards?

What is It

Volcanic hazards are observable facts that are arising due to volcanic
activity such as eruption. These have potential threat, for seeable crisis that
directly affect to human beings, animals, properties, infrastructure, tourism,
and even political stability to mention some within a specific period of time.
Volcanic eruption is one of the dangerous event that may happen because
it results to different hazards such as: Ballistic projectiles, Ash fall,
Pyroclastic flows, Lava flows, Volcanic gases, Debris Avalanche or Volcanic
landslide and even Tsunami.

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Various Volcanic-Related hazards

1. Ballistic projectile are rock fragments that are ejected from volcano’s
mouth that are comparable to cannonballs. These reach its projectile
up to 5 kilometers or 3 miles.
Ballistic projectiles endanger life and property by (1) the force of
impact of falling fragments, but this occurs only close to an eruption,
(2) loss of agricultural lands if burial is greater than 10 cm depth, (3)
producing suspensions of fine-grained particles in air and water which
clogs filters and vents of motors, human lungs, industrial machines,
and nuclear power plants, and (4) carrying of noxious gases, acids,
salts, and, close to the vent, heat (volcanology.geol.ucsb.educ).

Source: Tom Pfeiffer/flickr, Vulcanian explosion at Anak krakatau volcano

Negative effect: Endanger life and property

2. Ash fall or Tephra fall are minute volcanic particles such as

pulverized rock, minerals and silicon which has fine to coarse grain.
This is formed during explosive volcanic eruption when dissolve gages
in magma escape violently into the atmosphere.

Source: Kenji Cheow, Taal Volcano Source: Money, Proper care during ashfall
eruption from Anilao, Batangas

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Negative effects: Endanger life and property; kills organisms both on

land and in water; causes respiratory tract problem to human beings;
ruins machines in the industries and aircrafts; can damage also roofing
at home, in addition to it break power and communication lines, ash,
and very hot gases. They flow very fast down in volcanic slopes.

3. Pyroclastic Flows contain a highly-density mix of hot lava blocks,

pumice, ash and volcanic gases. They move at very high speed down
volcanic slopes, typical following valleys. It consists of two parts: a lower
(basal) flow of coarse fragments that moves along the ground, and a
turbulent cloud of ash that rises above the basal flow (Quebral 2016).

Source: Electroverse, High-

Level Eruption at Taal Volcano,
Philippines
Negative effects: Pyroclastic flows can destroy anything on its path by
direct impact. It burns sites with hot rocks debris. It burns forest,
farmlands, destroy crops and buildings.

4. Lava flows are streams of molten rocks that are poured or oozed from an
erupting vent (Quebral 2016).
Lava flows rarely threaten human life because it moves slowly. It is
mostly characterized as quite effusion of lava (DRRR, TG, 2017).

Source: Sean Goebel/flickr,

Lava Flow

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Negative effects: It may instigate other types of hazards such as

pyroclastic flow. It damages the properties, agricultural lands, and even
human lives by burying, burning everything in their path.

5. Volcanic gases. Magma contains dissolve gases which provides the

driving force that causes most volcanic eruptions. As magma rises
towards the surface and pressure decreases, gases are released from the
liquid portion of the magma (melt) and continue to travel upward and are
eventually released into the atmosphere (Quebral 2016).

Source: Shutterstock, CNN

Philippines
Negative effects: These gases are all potentially hazardous to all living
things as well as to agriculture and property.
The Carbon dioxide that is held at low-lying areas can be detrimental to
humans and animals. Sulfur dioxide is lethal also to human beings; it
irritates the eyes, skin and can cause respiratory tract infection. In
addition to this, Sulfur oxide , when it reacts with water in the
atmosphere, its product would be acid rain the Hydrogen sulfide in a
high concentration would be toxic too.

6. Debris Avalanche or Volcanic landslide massive collapse of a volcano,

usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption (DRRR, TG,
2017).

Source: USGS, Landslides

are common on tall, steep,
and weak volcano cones

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Negative effects: When a huge portion of the side of a volcano

collapses due to slope failure, this results to massive destruction
(DRRR, TG 2017).

7. Tsunami – sea waves or wave trains that are generated by sudden

displacement of water (could be generated during undersea eruptions
or debris avalanches) (DRRR, TG 2017).

Source: Gabriel Andrés

Trujillo Escobedo, CC BY
2.0,AGU Blogosphere, A new
study shows horizontal
seafloor movement creates
energy for tsunamis, like the
one depicted in this artist’s
illustration

Negative effects: An eruption that occurs near a body of water may

generate tsunamis if the pyroclastic materials enter the body of water
and cause it to be disturbed and displaced forming huge waves
(DRRR, TG 2017).

What’s More

Activity 1: The Majestic Natural Scenario, Does it Give Hazards to Us?

Instructions: As learners you should share your thought about the pictures
below by means of describing its characteristics and effects to human, to the
community and to the country as a whole. Write your answer on the space
provided below each picture.

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A.

______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

B.

______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

C.

______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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D.

______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

E.

______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

F.

______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

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G.

______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Fill me out!

Instruction: Give the characteristics of each potential volcanic hazard on

this table, and then answer the questions below.
Potential Volcanic Hazard Characteristics
1. Ballistic Projectiles
2. Ash Fall
3. Pyroclastic Flows
4. Lava Flow
5. Volcanic Gases
6. Debris Avalance or
Volcanic landslide
7. Tsunami

1. Why are potential volcanic Hazards harmful?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. Give specific threat of volcanic hazards to human’s health?

____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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Activity 3: Small But Horrible

Instruction: Read the article and answer the questions below.
By January 26, 2020, PHIVOLCS observed an inconsistent, but
decreasing volcanic activity in Taal, prompting the agency to downgrade its
warning to Alert Level 3.[6] It was until February 14, 2020, when PHIVOLCS
finally decided to downgrade the volcano's warning to Alert Level 2, due to
consistent decreased volcanic activity. [7][8]
President Rodrigo Duterte, who was in Davao City during the eruption,
ordered Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea to suspend classes and
government work in Calabarzon, Central Luzon and Metro Manila. President
Duterte flew to Manila on the morning of January 13 and continued with his
scheduled activities there.[48] Duterte visited evacuees in Batangas City on
January 14, 2020 and pledged to provide financial assistance worth ₱130
million ($2.6 million) to the affected residents. [49] He approved the
recommendation of Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana to prohibit individuals
from visiting or inhabiting the Taal island, declaring it a "no man's land".[50]
While addressing evacuees in Batangas City, President Duterte also pushed for
the construction of additional evacuation centers to be built "simultaneously" in
disaster-prone areas during his administration.[51] Concurrently, Vice President
Leni Robredo visited the municipalities of Santa Teresita and San Jose, and the
city of Santo Tomas in Batangas, where she helped distribute food packs and
face masks to the affected residents. [52] Robredo stressed the lack of medicines,
toilets, toiletries and sleeping mats being provided to them, other than food and
water. She also requested local officials to prepare an inventory of the
damage.[53]
The Department of Agriculture (DA) reported that the damage to crops
caused by the eruption are estimated to be ₱3.06 billion ($60.1 million),
covering 2,722 hectares (27.22 km2) that includes 1,967 animals. Fisheries in
the Taal Lake, consisting of about 6,000 fish cages to capture a total of 15,033
metric tons of fish, suffered losses of ₱1.6 billion ($31.4 million). Kapeng barako
and Coffea liberica crops, major products of Batangas and Cavite, have
damages worth at least ₱360.5 million ($7.08 million) for 8,240 metric tons and
748 hectares (1,850 acres) of land. Pineapple plantations in the Cavite towns of
Amadeo, Silang and General Trias lost 21,079 metric tons of pineapple worth
₱527.25 million ($10.4 million). Rice crops in 308 hectares (760 acres) of fields
across Calabarzon were lost, amounting to ₱5.6 million ($109,985), while 5,329
metric tons of corn placed losses at ₱88.9 million ($1.7 million). The Philippine
Crop Insurance Corporation reassured around 1,200 farmers and fishermen in
Batangas that they are insured of a three-year zero-interest survival and
recovery loan worth ₱25,000 ($494.13) each, to be provided by the Mount
Carmel Rural Bank.[92] The DA plans to distribute materials and mechanisms
for crop and livestock intervention worth ₱160 million ($3.1 million), which
includes 5,000 coffea mother plants and 1,000 cocoa bean seedlings from the
Bureau of Plant Industry, to 17 local government units in Batangas. [93] The
Philippine Carabao Center and National Dairy Authority delivered 1 tonne
(15,000,000 gr) of corn silages and 1.5 tonnes (23,000,000 gr) of rice straws, a
total of 2.5 tonnes (39,000,000 gr) of dietary fiber, to Batangas.[94][94]

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The Department of Health advised the public to remain indoors and

minimize outdoor activities.[100] They also advised the public to refrain from
purchasing and consuming freshwater fish from the Taal Lake, such as tilapia
and Sardinella tawilis, as these may have been affected by the sulfur from the
eruption.[101]
Agriculture Secretary William Dar clarified that fruits and vegetables
filled with ash, including the Coffea liberica fruits that are homegrown in
Batangas and Cavite, are safely consumable upon cleansing.[102]

https://en.wikipedia.org

1. Based on this article, were the delivery of education and daily life
activities of the people in the neighboring towns and cities affected?
Why?
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. What are the direct effects of Taal Volcano eruption to agriculture?

_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. What are the Do’s and Don’ts that we need to practice if ever Taal
Volcano erupts again?
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Tell Me
Instruction: Complete the statements below.
An example of the natural phenomenon that happened in the
Philippines in which I have learned is (1.) _______________. (2.)
_______________ are observable facts that are arising due to volcanic activity
such as eruption. These have potential threats, for seeable crisis that
directly affect (3.) _______________, (4.) _______________, (5.) _______________,
(6.) _______________, (7.) _______________, and even political stability to
mention some within a specific period of time. (8.) _______________is one of
the dangerous events that may happen because it results to different
hazards such as: Ballistic projectiles, (9.) _______________, Pyroclastic flows,
Lava flows, Volcanic gases, Debris Avalanche or Volcanic landslide and even
(10.) _______________.

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What I Can Do

Activity 5: The Piece of Art.

Instruction: Make a collage of potential volcano-related hazards in a 1/4

illustration board.
Suggested rubric in scoring the collage of the students
5 4 3 2 1
90-100% 80-89% 70-79% 60-69% 59% and
completeness completeness completeness completeness below
of content of content of content of content completeness
demonstrating with with with minimal and
illustrative adequate inadequate explanation irrelevant
strong explanation explanation of ideas explanation
development of of ideas of ideas of content
ideas

Assessment

Post Test
Direction: Part I. Read each item carefully and choose the best answer by
shading the letter that corresponds to your answer.
1. Which of the following human body systems is greatly affected by
volcanic gases?
A. Respiratory System C. Muscular System
B. Digestive System D. Skeletal System
2. Which of the following is the collective term for the gases given off by
an active volcano?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flow
B. Volcanic Gases D. Lahar
3. What is the term used for the rocks that are ejected into the air by an
erupting volcano?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flow
B. Volcanic Gases D. Lahar

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4. The following are all volcanic gases EXCEPT____________.

A. Hydrogen sulphide C. Sulfuric Acid
B. Sulfur dioxide D. Hydrogen
5. What volcanic hazard is described as a volcanic material which is
directly ejected from the volcano’s vent with force and trajectory?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall
6. What do you call the streams of molten rock that are poured or oozed
from an erupting vent of a volcano?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall
7. It consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic
glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measures less than 2
mm (0.079 inches) in diameter.
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall
8. Which of the following contains a high-density mix of hot lava blocks,
pumice, ash and volcanic gas?
A. Ballistic Projectiles C. Lava Flows
B. Pyroclastic Flows D. Ash Fall
9. Which of the following is/are true about lava flow?
1. Lava flow can bury, crush, cover, and burn everything in their
path.
2. It threatens human life because it usually moves slowly.
3. It is mostly characterized as quite effusion of lava.
4. It can trigger dangerous pyro clastic flows.
A. 1, 2, & 3 C. 3, 4, & 1
B. 2, 3, & 4 D. 1, 2, 3, & 4
10. Which of the following is/are the negative impacts of Pyroclastic
flows?
1. It can lead to increased deposition of sediments along affected
rivers and result to long term flooding problems in the low-lying
downstream communities
2. It burns forest, farmlands, destroy crops and buildings.
3. It destroys anything on its path by direct impact.
4. It burns sites with hot rocks debris.
A. 1, 2, & 3 C. 3, 4, & 1
B. 2, 3, & 4 D. 1, 2, 3, & 4
11. Which of the following is/are negative impacts of Lahar?
1. It can destroy bridges, roads, and houses by direct impact.
2. It can bury valleys and communities with debris.
3. It can block tributary stream and form a lake.
4. It can burn sites with hot rocks debris.

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A. 1, 2, & 3 C. 3, 4, & 1
B. 2, 3, & 4 D. 1, 2, 3, & 4
12. Which of the following volcanic gases when react with water in the
atmosphere yields a compound called Acid rain?
A. Carbon dioxide C. Hydrogen gas
B. Hydrogen fluoride D. Sulfur dioxide
13. Which of the following volcanic hazards is not identified as most
hazardous to the community?
A. Destruction of agricultural lands
B. Long term flooding problem
C. Respiratory tract infection
D. Acid rain
14. Which of the following volcanic hazards is not identified as hazardous
effect to human beings?
A. Respiratory tract infection C. Eye irritation
B. Skin irritation D. Acid rain
15. Which of the following statements is NOT about volcanic hazards?
A. Volcanic hazards have potential threat, for seeable crisis that
directly affect to human beings.
B. Volcanic hazards are observable facts that are arising due to
volcanic activity.
C. Volcanic hazards can even directly affect the political stability of
the country.
D. Volcanic hazards have great contribution to the business aspect
of the country.

Additional Activities

Enrichment Activity
Watch the video about the eruption of Taal Volcano in 2020 or Mt. Pinatubo
in 1990 and write your reaction about the danger it caused to its
neighboring towns and cities. Write your answer on a short typewriting pad.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Post Test Pre-test
1. A 1. A
2. B 2. D
3. A 3. B
4. D 4. C
5. A 5. A
6. C 6. B
7. D 7. D
8. B 8. A
9. D 9. D
10. B 10. B
11. A 11. A
12. D 12. D
13. C 13. C
14. D 14. D
15. D 15. D
What’s more!
2
Activity Possible Explanation
- Picture A: Possible explanation. Ballistic Projectiles are volcanic materials which are directly
ejected from the volcano's vent with force and trajectory. These objects endanger life and
property due to the force of impact of falling fragments, but this occurs only close to an
eruption vent.
- Picture B: Possible explanation. Ash Fall–A "Hard Rain" of Abrasive Particles.Volcanic ash
consists of tiny jagged particles of rock and natural glass blasted into the air by a volcano.
Source:https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs027-00/
- Picture C: Possible Explanation: Pyroclastic flows contain a high-density mix of hot lava
blocks, pumice, ash and volcanic gas. They move at very high speed down volcanic slopes,
typically following valleys
Source: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/pyroclastic_flows.html
- Picture D: Possible Explanation: Lava flows are masses of molten rock that pour into the
Earth's surface during an effusive eruption
- Picture E: Possible Explanation: Volcanic gases are gases given off by active (or, at times, by
dormant) volcanoes. These include gases trapped in cavities (vesicles) in volcanic rocks,
dissolved or dissociated gases in magma and lava, or gases emanating directly from lava or
indirectly through ground water heated by volcanic eruption.
- Picture F: Possible Explanation: Lahar is a wet mass of volcanic fragments flowing rapidly
downhill. Usually contain ash, breccia, and boulders mixed with rainwater or with river or
lake water displaced by the lava flow associated with the volcano
- Picture G: Possible Explanation: Tsunami are big sea waves or waves trains that are
generated by sudden displacement of water (could be generated during under sea eruption
or debris avalance).
source:Deped Disaster Readiness and Reduction TG, 2017
Answer Key
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References
Books

Villamor S. Quebral, Ed.D. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Quezon

City: Lorimar ublishing, Inc. 2016.

DepEd Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Teacher’s Guide, First

Edition 2017.

Internet Source

Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2020 Taal Volcano eruption, retrieved

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Taal_Volcano_eruption

Lagto, Domcar C.,Pacific/P?SIPA/Shutterstock, Taal volcano spews ash and

debris kilometers into the sky, retrieved from
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00128-y

Acayan, Ezra, Getty, Residents fleeing Taal Volcano’s eruption ride a flatbed
truck on Monday in Lemery, Batangas, retrieved
https://www.newsweek.com/taal-volcano-photos-philippines-eruption-
ash-1481846

Acayan, Ezra, Getty Images, Ash from the Taal Volcano Eruption darkened
skies and coated towns, retrieved ox.com/2020/1/13/210663713/taal-
volvano-philippines-eruption-ash-lava

Pfeiffer, Tom, flickr, Vulcanian explosion at Anak Krakatau volcano,

retrieved https://www/flickr.com/photos/volcanoes/3707721808

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]

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