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BS 120:

Basic Financial Accounting


Background and Rationale
This course is intended to introduce the basic theory, concepts, and practice of financial accounting
and to enable students to understand information contained in the published financial statements of
companies and other organisations. It includes the preparation of accounting statements, but their
uses and limitations will also be emphasised.
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course students will be expected to:
(a) State the uses and users of accounting information.
(b) Explain and apply accounting concepts, principles, and conventions.
(c) Record basic accounting transactions and prepare annual financial statements.
(d) Analyse, interpret and communicate the information contained in basic financial statements and
explain the limitations of such statements
Course content
1.0 Introduction to Accounting
• Nature, purposes, and role of accounting; the accountant in society;
economic and legal framework.
• users of accounting information and their requirements; overview of the accounting process;
principles, concept; and conventions, underlying the accounting model,
• The institutional and regulatory framework of accounting.
2.0 Accounting model, recording transactions, reporting results
• Accounting equation, nature of assets, liabilities, owners' equity, balance sheet, impact of
transactions, double entry system of bookkeeping; revenues and expenses,
• Accruals and matching concepts, classification of expenditure between capital and revenue, nature
of profit, profit versus cash, profit and loss
account.
• Source documents and books of first entry, posting to the nominal ledger, subsidiary ledgers and
control accounts (Trade receivables and Trade payables), bank reconciliation, trial balance, accruals
and prepayments, closing off procedures and preparation of final accounts, use of microcomputer in
recording and accounts preparation.
3.0 Year-end adjustments
Fixed asset valuation, nature and methods of depreciation, acquisition and disposal of fixed assets,
• Stock valuation methods, bad debts, provisions and reserves, location and correction of errors,
suspense accounts

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