NARAYANA OLYMPIAD

SCHOOL
MOGAPPAIR, CHENNAI – 600 037

A Project Report On

“__________________________________”
Submitted By

Roll No : _______________
Name : _______________
Class : XII

Under the Guidance Of

Mr. VINOTHKUMAR M.TECH., M.B.A, B.G.L.,B.ED(PH.D)
 Department of Computer Science

NARAYANA OLYMPIAD SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

2023 - 2024

CERTIFICATE

The project report is entitled.

“______________________________________________________”
This is to certify that this is the bonafide record of project work done
by Master / Miss. _____________________ of Grade XII during the
academic year 2023-2024.

Submitted for SSCE-2024 Computer Science Practical Examination

held on _______at Narayana Olympiad School, Mogappair,
Tiruvallur District.
Date: _________. Teacher In-charge

PRINCIPAL INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled

“________________________________________________”,

submitted to the Department of Computer Science, The

Narayana Olympiad School, is a record of an original work

done by me and my team. All the coding is the result of my

team personal efforts.

___________________

XII COMPUTER SCIENCE

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we thank our beloved parents for providing us the

opportunity to study in Narayana Olympiad School, Mogappair.

We thank our beloved Chairman Sri. P. NARAYANA for being our

motivational force for the completion of this project.

We thank our beloved dean Sri.G. SATHYA NARAYANA for

sharing their expertise and offering valuable feedback during the
critical stages of development.

We thank our Principal Smt. S. GOWMARIE for her exceptional

support.

We thank our Vice Principal as well as our computer science faculty

Mr. VINOTHKUMAR for encouraging and guiding us to complete this
project.

Last but not the least I thank all my friends who helped me in the
completion of this project.
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

2. PROJECT ON ____________________________

3. INTRODUCTION

4. OBJECTIVES

5. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

6. PROPOSED SYSTEM

7. BACKEND DETAILS

8. FRONTEND DETAILS

10. SCREENSHOTS OF EXECUTION

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON

Python is an interpreter, object-oriented, high-level programming language

with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with
dynamic typing and dynamic binding; make it very attractive for Rapid
Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to
connect existing components together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax
emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance.
Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program
modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive standard
library are available in source or binary form without charge for all major
platforms, and can be freely distributed.

History of Python
Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early
nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science
in the Netherlands. Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC,
Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68, SmallTalk, and Unix shell and other scripting
languages.
Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under
the GNU General Public License (GPL). Python is now maintained by a core
development team at the institute, although Guido van Rossum still holds a vital
role in directing its progress.
Python Features

● Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a

clearly defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language

quickly.

● Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the

eyes.

● Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.

● A broad standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very

portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and

Macintosh.

● Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which

allows interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.

● Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms

and has the same interface on all platforms.

● Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python

interpreter. These modules enable programmers to add to or

customize their tools to be more efficient.

● Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial

databases.

● GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be

created and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows

systems, such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window

system of Unix.

● Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large

programs than shell scripting.

Apart from the above-mentioned features, Python has a big list of

good features, few are listed below:–

● It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.

● It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for
building large applications.
● It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type
checking.
● It supports automatic garbage collection.
● It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java
DATA FILE HANDLING IN PYTHON:
A file is a sequence of bytes on the disk/permanent storage where a group of
related data is stored. File is created for permanent storage of data. In
programming, Sometimes, it is not enough to only display the data on the console.
Those data are to be retrieved later on, and then the concept of file handling
comes.
It is impossible to recover the programmatically generated data again and
again. However, if we need to do so, we may store it onto the file system which is
not volatile and can be accessed every time. Here, comes the need of file handling
in Python. File handling in Python enables us to create, update, read, and delete
the files stored on the file system through our python program.
The following operations can be performed on a file. In Python, File
Handling consists of following three steps:
✔ Open the file.
✔ Process file i.e. perform read or write operation.
✔ Close the file.
TYPES OF FILE:
There are two types of files:
Text Files: A file whose contents can be viewed using a text editor is called a text
file. A text file is simply a sequence of ASCII or Unicode characters. Python
programs, contents written in text editors are some of the example of text files.
Binary Files: A binary file stores the data in the same way as stored in the
memory. The .exe files, mp3 file, image files, word documents are some of the
examples of binary files. We can’t read a binary file using a text editor.
CSV Files: A Comma Separated Values (CSV) file is a plain text file that contains
a list of data. These files are often used for exchanging data between different
 applications. For example, databases and contact managers often support CSV
files. These files may sometimes be called Character Separated Values or Comma
Delimited files. They mostly use the comma character to separate (or delimit) data,
but sometimes use other characters, like semicolons.

SQL (Structured Query Language) :

It is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases.SQL
commands are used to create, transform and retrieve information from Relational
Database Management Systems. They are also used to create interface between
user and database.In Relational database Model all the information is stored on
Tables, these tables are divided into rows and columns. A collection on related
tables are called DATABASE. A named table in a database is called RELATION
in Relational Data Model. Row in a table is called TUPLES, and column of a Table
are called ATTRIBUTE. No. of rows in a table is called DEGREE of the table and
no. of columns in a tables in called CARDINALITY.
Primary Key: An attribute or a group of attribute which can distinguish row
uniquely in a table is Called Primary key/Key Field/Key attribute.
Candidate key: The attributes which are capable to act as a primary key is
known as candidate key.
Alternate key: An attribute which can act as a primary key in place of primary
key as called alternate key.
Foreign Key: An attribute in its present table whose values are derived from
some other table, is called foreign key in the present table.
Create Table: This DDL command is used to create a new table into any
existing database. The syntax of this command is as follows:
Syntax:
Create table <tblname> ( column_name datatype size constraints ,
 column_name datatype size constraints , column_name
datatype size constraints , );
Example:
Sql> Create table student ( admno number(4) , roll number(2), Name
char(30), fname char(30), DOB date, Address varchar(80) );
To see the structure of the above defined table is as follows
Sql> desc student ;
ALTER TABLE: This DDL command is used to add / modify a column in
any existing table of a database.
The syntax of this command is as follows:
Syntax:
Alter table <tablename> ADD/MODIFY/DROP ( column_name datatype
size constraints , column_name datatype size constraints ,
column_name datatype size constraints , );
Example:
Task: To add a new column “ Phone “ having datatype char and size 12 in a
table student
Sql > alter table student ADD ( phone char (12)) ;

Task : To change the datatype of admno into char and increase the size as 5

Sql > alter table student MODIFY ( admno char(5));

Task : Delete a column DOB from the table student

Sql > alter table student drop DOB;

Drop Table : This DDL command is used to remove a table from any existing
database.
Syntax:
Drop table < table name>
 Example:
Sql> drop table student ;

INSERT COMMAND: This DML command is used to add a new row

( record/ tuple ) in any existing database table .
Syntax :
insert into < table name > values ( value1, value2, value 3,. value N );
Example :
Task: Add a new row in a table student ( which we have created earlier)
Sql > Insert into student values ( ‘1234A’,12, ‘joshin gulati’,’’abcd’,
‘9-apr-2008’, ‘b-152 surya agar’);
SELECT COMMAND: This DML command is used to retrieve information
from any table (s) to display/ list/ report on the screen, but this command cannot
any how update / modify any table.
The syntax of this command is as follows,
Syntax : Select [ * / column list ] from < table name> [ where < condition > ]
[ order by < col name..> [asc/desc] ] [ group by < col name>]
Examples:
Task : To display all the records of table EMP
Sql > select * from EMP;
Task: To display only the employee no and employee name
Sql > select empno , ename from EMP;
Where clause: It is used to restrict the no no of rows from being displayed on the
screen.
Task: display all the employees whose salary is greater than 1500
Sql > select * from emp where sal > 1500;
Update: This DML command is used to change/modify the record(s) of any table.
The syntax is as follows
Syntax:
Update < tablename> Set column Name = value [ where < condition> ]

Example:
1. Update emp
Set sal = sal + sal * 0.05; ( Give an increment of 5 % to each employee )
2. update emp
set sal = sal+ sal * 0.05
where job =’PRESIDENT’; (Give an increment o f 5% to president only)
DELETE: This DML command is used to delete a row/ tuple(s) from a table.
The Syntax is as follows,
Syntax:
DELETE from <tablename > [ where < condition > ]
Example
1. Delete from emp ; ( delete all the records leaving it’s structure intact)
2. Delete from emp where sal >=3000 ;
Create View: This Command is used to create a new View in any existing database.
The syntax is as follows:
Syntax:
Create view < viewname> As Select command
Example:
create view abc as select empno,job,sal from emp;
Drop View : This command is used to drop any existing view from the database.
The syntax is as follows,
Syntax:
 Drop View < viewname>
Example:
Drop view abc;

Interface Python with MySQL:

● Databases play a vital role in the efficient working of an organization.
● They are essentially collection of tables and are connected with each other
● through columns.
● These database systems support SQL, which is used to create, access and manipulate
data.
● The python programming language has powerful features for database programming.
● Python support various database servers like MySQL, Oracle, Sybase, mSQL, Microsoft
SQL server 2000 etc.
● For database programming the python DB-API is a widely used module that provides a
database application programming interface. It is a standard for database interface.

PYTHON - MYSQL CONNECTIVITY:

● Usually the data inputted by the user along with the generated output is displayed
but not stored because all execution takes place in RAM which is a temporary
memory and as soon as we close the form, its contents gets erased.
● Thus, when the application is executed the second time,it requires a new set of
inputs from the user.
● This can be overcome by sending the output generated and saving the input fetched
from the user in a database created at the back end of the application.
● The input is fetched from the user using python interface. This is known as
FRONTEND interface of the application.
 ● An application usually stores a lot of data in the form of a database which is not directly
accessible by the user.
● This database is used by the application to give suitable response to the user, This
database is called BACK-END databases.

Some important points are as follows:

● To connect to a database from within a programming application, you need a
framework that facilitates communication between two different genres of software
(programming application and DBMS).
● To connect front Python to MYSQL, you need a library called MySQL
connector.
● You must import mysql.connector in the Python program/script before writing code
of connectivity.
Steps to create a database connectivity Python application are:
Step 1. Start Python: start Python’s editor where you can create your python scripts,
i.e; IDLE.
Step 2. Import the package required for database programming.
Here you need to import mysql.connector package in your python scripts.
Step 3. Open a connection: Here we need to establish a connection to MYSQL
database using connect(). This requires 4 parameters, the syntax for this is as
follows:
<Connection_object> = mysql.connector.connect(host= <host_name>, user=
<username>, passwd =<password> , [database = <databasename>])
Example:
import mysql.connector as m
mydb = m.connect(host =”Iocalhost” , user = ”root", passwd = ”admin", database =”test”)
Step 4. Create a cursor instance.
Here we have to create an instance of cursor by using cursor(), the syntax for the following
is as follows:
<cursorobject> =<connectionobject>.cursor()
i.e; in the above connection we can create cursor() by writing:
mycursor = mydb.cursor()
Step 5: Execute a query. Here we use be execute() with following syntax.
< cursorobject>.execute(‹sql query strings)
i.e; mycursor.execute("select * from data”)
Step 6: Extract data from result set. Here you can fetch the data from the result set by
using fetch( ) functions.
[fetchall(), fetchmany(<n>), fetchone()]
Step 7. Clean up the environment.
● A database Connection object controls the connection to the database.
It represents a unique session with a database connected from within a
script/program.
● A Database Cursor is a special control structure that facilitates the row by row
processing of records in the resultset, i.e., the set of records retrieved as per
query.
● The resultset refers to a logical set of records that are fetched from the database
by executing an SQL query and made available to the application program.
● You can use connect() method for establishing database connection. cursor() to create
a cursor and execute() to execute an SQL query.
● For INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE queries, you must run commit() with the
connection object (Here that is mydb).
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor Pentium III and above

RAM 256 GB (Minimum)

Hard Disk 20 GB (Minimum)

Printer To print the required documents of the Project

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating System
Wi Windows 7 or higher

Front-End Python IDLE 3.6 or higher or Spyder

Back-End MySQL Server 5.5 or higher /

D Data Files in Python – Binary files, CSV files

Documentation Mi Microsoft Word 2010 or higher