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    AP physics

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    The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success ‘The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect, students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4700 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each yar, the College Board serves over three and a half million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges through major programs and services in college admissions, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning, Among its best: Jknown programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSOT®, and the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®). The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity, and that ‘commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns, ‘or further information, visit www.collegeboard.com. The College Board and the Advanced Placement Program encourage teachers, AP Coordinators, and school administrators to make equitable access a guiding principle for their AP programs. ‘The College Board is committed to the principle that all students deserve an opportunity to participate in rigorous and academically challenging courses and programs. All students who are willing to accept the challenge of a rigorous academic curriculum should be considered fo admission to AP courses, The Board encourages the elimination of barriers that restrict act to AP courses for students from ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups that have been traditionally underrepresented in the AP Program. Schools should make every effort to ensure that their AP classes reflect the diversity of their student population, For more information about equity and access in principle and practice, contact the National Office in New York, Copyright © 2006 by College Entiance Examination Hoard Al rights reserved. Collage Board, AP Cental, APCD, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Vertical Teams, Pe-AP. SAT, and the arn logo ave registered todematks of the Cole nance Examination Board. Admitted Cass Evaluation Sewvice, ACES, CallegaBd, connect to cllage success, MyRoad, ‘SAT Profesional Development. SAT Readiness Program, and Soting the Cornersiones are traders owned by the Coleg Entrance Examination Bosrd, PSAT/NMSQT is a rogistered trademal cf the Clloge Euan Examination Boa and National Mesit Schlatship Carporaticn. Other products and dovieas may be trademark of ther reepectve nets, ‘Visit Calogo Board onthe Web: www cologeboard.com For further information, visit apcentral.collegeboard.com. ‘The Physics B Exam PHYSICS B You must take the entire B Exam as follows: First 90 minutes Section I— Multiple Choice 70 Questions ‘This booklet, pp. 3-19 No calculators allowed Percent of Total Grade — 50 2-minute interval Survey Questions 6 Questions (101-106) ‘This booklet, pp. 20-21 Second 90 minutes Section II— Free Response 6 Questions Pink Booklet Any battery-operated, hand-held calculator allowed Percent of Total Grade — 50 ‘Each multiple-choice quéstion has equal weight, Rulers or straightedges may be used in both sections. However, calculators may be used in Section II only, NOT in Section I. Calculators may not be shared. Section I of this examination contains 70 multiple-choice questions. Therefore, please be careful to fill in only the ‘ovals that are preceded by numbers 1 through 70 on your answer sheet. Also, please be careful to fill in the ovals, preceded by the numbers 101 through 106 when answering the survey questions. A table of information that may be |helpfal is found on page 2 of this book. General Instructions DONOTOPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DOSO. INDICATE ALL YOUR ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN SECTION I ON THE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET. ‘No credit will be given for anything written inthis examination booklet, but you may use the booklet for notes or seratchwork. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, COMPLETELY fill inthe corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Example: Ss wer Chicago is a DE®oO (A) state (B) city (©) country @) continent ©) village Many candidates wonder whether or not to guess the answers to questions about which they are not certain. In this section of the examination, as a correction for haphazard guessing, one-fourth of the number of questions you answer incorrectly ‘will be subtracted from the number of questions you answer correctly. It is improbable, therefore, that mere guessing will improve your score significantly; it may even lower your score, and it does take time. If, however, you are not sure of the ‘correct answer but have some knowledge of the question and are able to eliminate one or more of the answer choices as ‘wrong, your chance of getting the right answer is improved, and it may be to your advantage to answer such a question. Use your time effectively, working as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on {questions that are too difficult. Go on to other questions and come back to the difficult ones later if you have time. It is rot expected that everyone will be able to answer all the multiple-choice questions. 15 The following conventions are used in this examination. 1. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial UL. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge (conventional current). II. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge. TV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system. Physics B TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2004 and 2005 ‘CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS UNITS PREFIXES » Name Symbol | Factor Prefix Sumbol 1 united atomic mass unit 1 = 1665 5107 ig mete m oe i G = 931 Mevie? 7 7 ee Proton mas, 167 x10 kg a oie oe Newton mass, rm, = 167 10g — s ] ido x etron mass, m= 941 x10 eg ampere A cat “Magnituse ofthe eecton cree, = 160 x10"C islvin K ili om Avogadro's number, 602 x 10° mot* vot : = ‘Universal gas constant, R= 831 5/(@01-K) : " Boltzmann's constant, fy = 13810? 1K ne ” Speedf tight, 00 x 108 m/s ee _ Pico oP : * cal Pa Planck's constant, f= 663% 105-5 ie ‘VALLES OF TRIGONOMETRIC ea pny 1 _| FUNCTIONS FoR COMMON ANGLES he 199 107m wat w @ | sino | cos@ | tan @ = 124. 10%eV-am coulomb alae lea 2 cynemt | volt v Vacuum peritivity, = 885 10 C/N 5 = a so | 12 | Br | 3a | Coulomb's laveconstant, —& = 14g = 90 x 10" Nem?/Cc? ‘Vacuum permeability, dee ae xiorremsa | Men re | ores | ease |e Magnetic constant, Hole = OCT IA on a | “ree? | ul 4s | V22 | V2] 1 t ‘Universal gravitational constant, 6 = 667 x10 wings | | ‘Aveeleration due to gravity Celsius °C sx | 4s | 35 | 43 | he Bar's surface, 298ml | slecron- 1 mosphere pressre, 1 atm = 10 « 10° N/a? rh wv | olgol mle | = 0% 10° Pe i 1 electon vol, Lev = 160x105 go | 4 0 | i i | 16 Physics B PHYSICS B Section 1 ‘Time—90 minutes 70 Questions Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or ‘completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Note: To simplify calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s? in all problems. 1. For which of the following motions of an object must the acceleration always be zero? I. Any motion in a straight line I. Simple harmonic motion IIL. Any motion in a circle (A) Tonly (B) Monly (© Wonly (D) Either I or I, but not 1 (B) None of these motions guarantees zero acceleration. 2. A rope of negligible mass supports a block that, weighs 30 N, as shown above. The breaking strength of the rope is 50 N. The largest accelera- tion that can be given to the block by pulling up ‘on it with the rope without breaking the rope is most nearly (A) 6 mys? @) 6.7 m/s? (C) 10mvs? (D) 15 mis? () 16.7 m/s? [Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of is page toga GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 7 Top View 3. A compressed spring mounted on a disk can project a small ball. When the disk is not rotating, as shown in the top view above, the ball moves radially outward. The disk then rotates in a counterclockwise direction as seen from above, and the ball is projected outward at the instant the disk is inthe position shown above. Which of the following best shows the subsequent path of the ball relative to the ground? an CY oe CH CY © [Unauthorized copying of rouse a] any part of tis page fo toga. Physics B |. A ball is thrown straight up in the air. When the ball reaches its highest point, which of the following is true? (A) Itis in equilibrium, (B) Ithas zero acceleration. (© Ithas maximum momentum. (D) Ithas maximum kinetic energy. (B) None of the above & ‘The figure above shows an object of mass 0.4 kg that is suspended from a scale and submerged in a liquid. Ifthe reading on the scale is 3 N, then the ‘buoyant force that the fluid exerts on the object is, ‘most nearly (A) 13N (B) LON © 075N (D) 033N © 025N GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. B Physics B Questions 6-7 os __ Point of KA Release Equilibrium ——| Equilibrium Position Position Point of ——————{_} Release = A sphere of mass ,, which is attached to a spring, is displaced downward from its equilibrium position as shown above left and released from rest. A sphere of mass m,, which is suspended from a string of length £, is displaced to the right as shown above right and released from rest so that it swings as a simple pendulum with small amplitude, ‘Assume that both spheres undergo simple harmonic motion 6. Which of the following is true for both spheres? 7. If both spheres have the same period of oscillation, which of the following is an expression for the (A) The maximum kinetic energy is attained as spring constant? the sphere passes through its equilibrium position, w (B) The maximum kinetic energy is attained as me the sphere reaches its point of release. (C) The minimum gravitational potential energy (B) ad is attained as the sphere passes through its m equilibeium position. me (D) The maximum gravitational potential energy o> is attained when the sphere reaches its point of release. ms (E) The maximum total energy is attained only as o> the sphere passes through its equilibrium osition, . @ 7 [Gnsuthorzed copying or rouse of] ary part of ns ae sega GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 19 8. A block attached to the lower end of a vertical spring oscillates up and down. Ifthe spring obeys Hooke’ law, the period of oscillation depends on which of the following? 1. Mass of the block IL. Amplitude of the oscillation IIL Force constant of the spring (A) Lonly (B) Honly (© Monty (D) Tand © land 9. An empty sled of mass M moves without friction across a frozen pond at speed vp. Two objects are dropped vertically into the sled one at a time: first an object of mass m and then an object of mass 2m. Afterward the sled moves with speed v,. ‘What would be the final speed of the sled ifthe objects were dropped into it in reverse order? 4 3 4 B® > © % D) 2%, ©) 3u; (A) 10. A new planet is discovered that has twice the Earth’s mass and twice the Earth’s radius. On the surface of this new planet, a person who weighs 500 N on Barth would experience a gravitational force of (A) 125N (B) 250N (©) SOON (D) 1000N (©) 2000N as Sanna ML. 12, Physics B xm) 20: 18 16 14 12 veEAwS 18) i 2 ‘The graph above represents position x versus time t for an object being acted on by a constant force. The average speed during the interval between I s and 2 s is most nearly (A) 2mis (B) 4 m/s © Sms (©) 6 m/s © 8m/s Two blocks of steel, the first of mass 1 kg and the second of mass 2 kg, are in thermal equilibrium with a third block of aluminum of mass 2 kg that has a temperature of 400 K. What are the respec- tive temperatures of the first and second steel blocks? (A) 400 K and 200 K (B) 200 K and 400 K (©) 400 K and 400 K (D) 800 K and 400 K () None of the above GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Physics B 13, Am ideal gas may be taken from one state to another state with a different pressure, volume, and temperature along several different paths. (Quantities that will always be the same for this process, regardless of which path is taken, include which of the following? I. The change in internal energy of the gas I. The heat exchanged between the gas and its surroundings IML. The work done by the gas (A) only (B) Tonly (© Vand Mf only (D) Mand Mf only © 1,0 and 14, Two parallel wires, each carrying a current J, repel each other with a force F. If both currents are doubled, the force of repulsion is (A 2F (B) W2F © 4F ©) WEF © 8F 15, The hollow metal sphere shown above is positively charged, Point C is the center of the sphere and point P is any other point within the sphere, ‘Which of the following is true of the electric field at these points? (A) Itis zero at both points, (B) Itis zero at C, but at P it is not zero and is directed inward. (© Itis zero at C, but at P it is not zero and is directed outward, (D) Itis zero at P, but at C it () Itis not zero at either point. not zero. Unauharsed copying or rou a sry art of tls page egal. 16. The total capacitance of several capacitors in parallel is the sum of the individual capacitances for which of the following reasons? (A) The charge on each capacitor depends on its capacitance, but the potential difference across each is the same. (B) The charge is the same on each capacitor, but the potential difference across each capac~ itor depends on its capacitance. (©) Equivalent capacitance is always greater than the largest capacitance. (D) Capacitors in a circuit always combine like resistors in series. ©) The parallel combination increases the effec tive separation of the plates. 17. A wire of length L and radius r has a resistance R. What is the resistance of a second wire made from the same material that has a length L/2 and a radius 1/2? (A) 4R (B) 2k © R (D) RR Ris 18. The operating efficiency of a 0.5 A, 120 V electric motor that lifts a 9 kg mass against gravity at an average velocity of 0.5 m/s is most nearly (A) 1% (B) 13% © 25% (©) 53% ©) 75% GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 21 Questions 19.20 a -2 ova Charges -Q and +9 are located on the x- and y-axes, respectively, each at a distance d from the origin 0, as shown above. 19. What is the direction of the electric field at the origin 07 (A) — @) -— © \ © \ ® Sf 20. What is the magnitude of the electric field at the origin 07 kQ © oa? kO py 2 ® Tae [Grauthorzed copying ote any pat tis page oH a4 22, 23. Physics B 2D Anelectron ¢ and a proton p are simultaneously released from rest in a uniform electric field E, as shown above. Assume that the particles are suf- ficiently far apart so that the only force acting on each particle after it is released is that duc to the electric field. At a later time when the particles are still inthe field, the electron and the proton will have the same (A) direction of motion (B) speed (©) displacement (D) magnitude of acceleration (E) magnitude of force acting on them A square steel plate with sides of length 1.00 m has a hole in its center 0-100 m in diameter. If the entire plate is heated to such a temperature that its sides become 1.01 m long, the diameter of the hole will be (A) 0.090 m (B) 0.099 m (© 0.100 m (D) 0.101 m ® 0.110m Which of the following will occur if the average speed of the gas molecules in a closed rigid container is increased? (A) The density of the gas will decrease (B) The density of the gas will increase. (©) The pressure of the gas will increase. (D) The pressure of the gas will decrease. (E) The temperature of the gas will decrease. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. BY Physice 28, Which of the following is characteristic of both abe d ¢ sound and light waves? (A) They are longitudinal waves. (B) They are transverse waves (© They travel with the same velocity. 24. The spherical mirror shown above has a center of (D) They -y can be easily polarized. curvature at point c. Which point is nearest to the @) They give rise to interference effects. focal point? a (B) b q Oc Questions 29-30 | @)d @®e Force (N) 25. The frequencies of the first two overtones (second and third harmonics) of a vibrating string are f 25 and 3f/2. What is the fundamental frequency of this string? 20 (A) £/3 ®) £2 2 T OF 10 (D) 2 () if e) 26. An object is placed in front of a converging thin lens at a distance from the center of the lens equal 1 2 3 4 to half the focal length. Compared to the object, Time (s) the image is (A) upright and larger A student obtains data on the magnitude of force (B) upright and smaller applied to an object as a function of time and displays, (C) inverted and larger the data on the graph above. (D) inverted and smaller (©) inverted and the same size 29. The slope of the “best fit” straight line is most nearly 27. A radio station broadcasts on a carrier frequency (A) 5s of 100 MHz. The wavelength of this radio wave is ®) 6Ns ‘most nearly (©) 7s (A) 3.0 10 m . ) 8Nis (B) 1.0m (©) 10N/s (©) 3.0m (D) 33m 30. The increase in the momentum of the object ©) 30x 108m between t = 0s and r= 45s is most nearly (A) 40Nss (B) 50Nss © ONs (D) 80Nes ) 100N's [Snasthorzed copying or ause a] any art of tis page siege GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 23 24 31. How does an air mattress protect a stunt person landing on the ground after a stunt? (A) Itreduces the kinetic energy loss of the stunt person. (B) It reduces the momentum change of the stunt person. (C) Itincreases the momentum change of the stunt person. (D) It shortens the stopping time of the stunt person and inereases the force applied during the landing, (©) Itlengthens the stopping time of the stunt person and reduces the force applied during the landing, Questions 32-33 ‘A horizontal, uniform board of weight 125 N and length 4 m is supported by vertical chains at each end A person weighing 500 N is sitting on the board. The ‘tension in the right chain is 250 N. 32, What is the tension in the left chain? (A) 250 (B) 375N (© SOON (D) 625N ® 875N 33. How far from the left end of the board is the person sitting? (a) 04m @B) 15m © 2m (D) 25m © 3m Gnautharzed copying o ours any pat of tis page egal Physics B Questions 34-35 relate to the photoelectric effect. For each question, choose an answer from the following graphs. (A) (B) © (D) 34. Which graph shows the maximum Kinetic energy of the emitted electrons versus the frequency of the light? (AA (B) B oc @)D ®E j 35. Which graph shows the total photoelectric current yersus the intensity of the light for a fixed frequency above the cutoff frequency? (A) A (B) B oc (@) D ®E GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Physics B 36. Which of the following statements about the number of protons Z and the number of neutrons N in stable nuclei is true? (A) All stable nuclei have Z= N. (B) Only heavy stable nuclei have Z= N. (©) Heavy stable nuclei tend to have ZN. 37. Each of the beakers shown above is filled to the same depth h with liquid of density . The area A of the flat bottom is the same for each beaker. Which ofthe following ranks the beakers according to the net downward force exerted by the liquid on the flat bottom, from greatest to least force? (A) 1,101, 0, 1V @®) LIV, 0 (© 0, 0, 1V,1 (D) Iv, I, 1, (B) None of the above; the force on each is the same. 38. A T-shaped tube with a constriction is inserted in a vessel containing a liquid, as shown above. ‘What happens if air is blown through the tube from the left, as shown by the arrow in the diagram? (A) The liquid level in the tube rises to a level above the surface of the liquid surrounding the tube. (B) The liquid level in the tube falls below the level of the surrounding liquid. (© The liquid level in the tube remains where itis. (D) The air bubbles out at the bottom of the tube. () Any of the above depending on how hard the air flows. 39. A spring scale calibrated in kilograms is used to determine the density of a rock specimen. The reading on the spring scale is 0.45 kg when the specimen is suspended in air and 0.36 kg when the specimen is fully submerged in water. If the density of water is 1000 kg/m?, the density of the rock specimen is (A) 2.0.x 10? kg/m? (B) 8.0.x 10? kg/m? (© 1.25 x 10? kein? (D) 4.0.x 10° kg/m? (B) 5.0.x 10° kg/m? GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. 25 40. Two objects, A and B, initially at rest, are “exploded” apart by the release of a coiled spring that was compressed between them. As they move apart, the velocity of object A is 5 m/s and the velocity of object B is ~2 m/s. The ratio of the mass of object A to the mass of object B, mg/m, is (A) 4225 (B) 25 © (D) 5/2 (B) 25/4 41. The cart of mass 10 kg shown above moves ‘without frictional loss on a level table. A 10 N force pulls on the cart horizontally to the right. At the same time, a 30 N force at an angle of 60° above the horizontal pulls on the cart to the left, What is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration of the cart?” (A) 05 mis? (B) 16 mis? © 20 m/s? (D) 25 mis? © 26m 42. A child has a toy tied to the end of a string and whirls the toy at constant speed in a horizontal circular path of radius R. The toy completes each revolution of its motion in a time period 7. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the toy? (A) Zero 4R oa aR © Pp )g © 2m nstioread coving ane of Ee ary part of tis page a egal Physics B 43. A simple pendulum and a mass hanging on a spring both have a period of 1 s when set into small oscillatory motion on Earth. They are taken to Planet X, which has the same diameter as Earth ‘but twice the mass. Which of the following state- ments is true about the periods of the two objects on Planet X compared to their periods on Earth? (A) Both are shorter, (B) Both are the same. (C) Both are longer. (D) The period of the mass on the spring is shorter; that of the pendulum is the same. (B) The period of the pendulum is shorter; that of the mass on the spring is the same. 44, A steel ball supported by a stick rotates in a circle of radius r, as shown above. The direction of the net force acting on the ball when itis in the position shown is indicated by which of the following? (A) | GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. Physics B Questions 45-46 TOT 0.04 m 0.01 m Ay ‘Two large, flat, parallel, conducting plates are 0.04 m apart, as shown above. The lower plate is at a potential of 2 V with respect to ground. The upper plate is at a potential of 10 V with respect to ground. Point P is located 0.01 m above the lower plate. 45. The electric potential at point P is (a) 10V @) 8Vv © 6v @) 4v ® 2v 46. The magnitude of the electric field at point P is (A) 800 Vim. (B) 600 Vin (C) 400 Vim (D) 200 Vim ©) 100 Vim 47. Two conducting wire loops move near a very long, straight conducting wire that carties a current 7. When the loops are in the positions shown above, they are moving in the directions shown with the same constant speed v . Assume that the loops are far enough apart that they do not affect each other. Which of the following is ‘rue about the induced electric currents, if any, in the loops? Loopt Loop2 (A) No current No current (B) No current Counterclockwise direction (©) Clockwise direction No current (D) Clockwise direction Clockwise direction (©) Counterclockwise Clockwise direction direction GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. a7 Questions 48-49 relate to the following circuit diagram. R,= 20002 R, = 25009 h wh €=12V 48, What is the current /, ? (A) 08mA (B) LOmA (© 20maA (D) 3.0mA (B) 60mA 49, How do the currents /,, Ip, and J; compare? (A h>h>h ® h>h>h Ohhh O) h>h>h ® h>hrh a », «EERE Physics B ‘Questions 50-51 moo Bk A light ray R in medium I strikes a sphere of medium Il with angle of incidence @ , as shown above. The figure shows five possible subsequent paths for the light ray. 50. Which path is possible if medium I is air and medium Is glass? (A) A (B) B oc (@)D ®E 51. Which path is possible if medium I is glass and medium His air? (AA (B) B mc @)D ®@eE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. ‘BE physics B 52. Two fire trucks have sirens that emit waves of the same frequency. As the fire trucks approach a person, the person hears a higher frequency from truck X than from truck ¥. Which of the following statements about truck X can be correctly inferred from this information? | 1 Itis traveling faster than truck Y. II. Itis closer to the person than truck ¥. | INL It is speeding up, and truck Y is slowing down, (A) Lonly (B) IMonly (© Land I only (D) Mand If only ©) 1,0 and Light mh

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