AL –MUZAMIL PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL

BIOLOGY FORM FOUR

CHAPTER SEVEN

BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

CHAPTER QUESTIONS

Q1: Choose the correct answer of the following questions

1. In which location would you expect to find greater species diversity?

a. Galgadud region
b. Nugal region
c. Benadir region
d. Lower Jubba region
2. Which represents an indirect economic value of biodiversity?
a. Food
b. Clothing
c. Food protection
d. Medicines
3. Which term best describes this collection of location: a forest, a freshwater lake, an
estuary, and a prairie?
a. Ecosystem
b. Extinction
c. Genetic diversity
d. Species diversity
4. Which term best describes what the two rabbits in the photo below demonstrate?
a. Ecosystem diversity
b. Genetic diversity
c. Species richness
d. Species diversity

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 5. Which is not a way in which species lose their habitat?
a. Background extinction
b. Destruction
c. Distruption
d. Pollution
6. What is the term of the natural ability of earth’s atmosphere to trap energy from
the sun?
a. Global warning
b. Ozone depletion
c. Greenhouse effect
d. Biological magnification
7. What does earth’s ozone layer shield it’s inhabitants from ?
a. Solar heating
b. Meteor impacts
c. Ozone depletion
d. Ultraviolet radiation
8. Which of the following groups of organisms contains the largest estimated number
of species?
a. Birds
b. Plants
c. Insects
d. Mammal’s
9. What term describes a measure of the number of species in an area?
a. Species richness
b. Species evenness
c. Bioincator species
d. Biological magnification

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 10. What is the term commonly used to describe the trend shown in the graph below?
a. Water pollution
b. Global warning
c. Ozone depletion
d. Biodiversity crisis
11. Conservation hotspots are the best described as?
a. Areas with large numbers of endemic species, in many of which species are
disappearing rapidly
b. Areas where people are particularly active supporters of biological diversity
c. Islands that are experiencing high rates of extinction
d. Areas where native species are being replaced with introducing species
12. Which one causes biological magnification?
a. Pesticides
b. Wastewater
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Greenhouse gases

Q2: Answer all of the following questions:

1. Compare species diversity and genetic diversity.

 Genetic diversity: is the variety of gene or inheritable characteristics that present
in a population.
 Species diversity: is the number of different species and relative abundance of
each species in a biological community.
2. List several reasons to value biodiversity.

Direct Value Indirect vale
Consumptive use value Social and cultural value
Productive use value Ethical vale
Aesthetic values and option value
Environmental service values

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 3. How does the greenhouse effect occur?
 The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in earth’s atmosphere
trap the sun’s heat. This process makes earth much warmer than it would ne
without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes
earth a comfortable place to live.
4. Identify the primary causes of modern species extinctions
 Habitat destruction is an important cause of known extinctions
 Over hunting
 Destruction of habitat
5. Describe how pesticides, such as DDT, undergo the process of biological
magnification.
 Biological magnification caused a crisis with eagles, where DDT was used to
control mosquitoes and other pests. Birds would accumulate toxic levels of DDT
in their bodies which would cause their egg to become fragile and break. The
eagle almost become extinct, but lawmakers banned DDT and the eagle is now in
recovery.
6. Choose a species that might be affected by global warning, and predict how that
species might be affected.
 Green turtles
 Green turtles, like many animal species, are sensitive to the changes in temperate
caused by global warning, and because a baby turtles sex depends on the
temperature of the sand where their egg is laid. Climate change has an impact on
these turtles development too. The warmer areas produce female turtles. So with
the climate changes causing an increase in temperatures, more females than males
are hatching. And this reduce the number of male’s green turtles around. This
may affect the population growth of green turtles in the future since it means
fewer mating partners for female turtles.

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 7. Contrast conservation biology with restoration biology.
 Conservation biology integrates ecology, evolutionary biology, physiology,
molecular biology, genetics, and behavioral ecology to conserve biological
diversity at all levels.
 Restoration ecology applies ecological principles in an effort to return degraded
ecosystems to condition as similar as possible to their natural predegraded state.
8. Explain why reserves protect biodiversity.
 One main reason why we have nature reserves is to protect our biodiversity the
degree of variation of life. A sufficient biodiversity is required to keep our
ecosystem in natural balance. With sufficient biodiversity the loss of any part the
food chain will not lead to a serious disruption and effects on the other organisms.
9. Explain causes and effects of acid rain.
 Acid rain is made up of water droplets that are unusually acidic because of
atmospheric pollution, most notably the excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen
released by cars and industrial process. Acid rain is also called acid deposition
because this term includes other forms of acidic precipitation such as snow.
 Effects of acid rain
 It causes respiratory issues in animals and humans
 When acid rain falls down and flow into the rivers and ponds it affects the aquatic
ecosystem.
 Acid rain also causes the corrosion of water pipes. Which further results in
leaching of heavy metals such as iron, lead and copper into drinking water
 It damages the buildings and monuments made up of stones and metals.
10. Give an account of the factors that threaten biodiversity.
 Overexploitation
 Habitat loss

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 Chapter seven: basic questions and Answers

1: Define biodiversity

 Biodiversity: is the variability among living organism- animals, plants, their habitat
And their genes.

2. What are types of biodiversity?

 Genetic diversity: is the variety of gene or inheritable characteristics that present in a

population.
 Species diversity: is the number of different species and relative abundance of each
species in a biological community.
 Ecosystem diversity: is the variety of ecosystem that are present in the biosphere.

3. What is the background extinction?

 Is the gradual process of species becoming extinct

4. What are factors that threaten biodiversity?

 Overexploitation
 Habitat loss
 Pollution

5. Define natural resources.

 Are materials and organisms found in the biosphere including minerals, fossil fuels,
nuclear fuels, plant, animal, soil, and etc

6. What are biological magnification?

 Is the increasing concentration of toxic substance in organisms as trophic levels of a food

chain or food web

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7. List common protected area in Somalia.

 Daallo mountain
 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands
 Kismayo national park
 Lag badana national park

8. Define pollution

 The release of substance or form of energy into environment by human activities in such
quantities whose effects are either harmful or unpleasant to human or other living
organisms

9. Define pollutant

 The harmful substance that pollute the environment

10. What are the main categories of pollution?

 Air pollution
 Water pollution ‘
 Soil pollution

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