Chemistry 1 Pre Necta

﷽
RIDHWAA SEMINARY
PRE NECTA-EXAMINATION
FORM VI
132/1 CHEMISTRY I
(For both school and Private Candidates)
TIME: 3 Hours Year: April, 2024
INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper consists of ten (10) questions.

2. Answer all questions in section A and only two questions in section B.
3. Each question carries ten (10 marks) in section A and fifteen (15 marks) in section B.
4. Mathematical tables and Non programmable calculators may be used.
5. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your examination number on every page of your answer booklet(s)
7. For calculations you may use the following constants:
 Universal gas constant, R=8.314JK-1 mol-1 or 0.0821K-1atmmol-1K-1 dm3
 Standard temperature = 273K
 Standard pressure = 1atm = 760 mmHg = 1.05 x 105NM-2 = 1.05 x 105 Pa
 1faraday = 96500Cmol-1
 GMV = 22.4dm3
 1liter = 1dm3 = 1000cm3
 Velocity of light , C =3.0 x 108m/s
 Rydberg constant, RH, 1.09678 x 107m-1
 Planck’s constant, =6.63 x 10-34 Js
 Mass of an electron , =9.11 x 10-31kg
 Density of water, = 1g/cm3
 Atomic masses: H =1, C = 12, N = 14, O= 16, Na = 23, Mg =24, Cl = 35.5, K = 39, Ca
= 40
SECTION A (70 MARKS)

1. a) The following figure shows the mass spectrum of lead. The higher peaks and the
mass numbers of the isotopes are shown. Calculate the average atomic mass of lead.
(3 marks)
b) Lyman discovered a series of spectral lines of hydrogen in an ultra – violet region of the
electromagnetic spectrum. What value must n1 have for this series.
(2 marks)
c) i) Calculate the energy of a line in the Lyman series with n2 =∞ .

(3marks)
ii) An experiment iodine laser emits light of wavelength 1.315 μ m. Calculate the frequency of
this light and energy of photon. (2marks)
2. a) what do you understand by the following types of bonds?
i) Dative covalent bond

ii) Inter – molecular hydrogen bond
iii) Covalent bond
iv) Intra molecular hydrogen bond (4 marks)
b) What is hybridization? Give three types with one example on each

(2 marks)
c) By applying the knowledge of hybridization explain the following:
i) A carbon atom has got only two unpaired electrons yet, it can form four covalent
bonds with chlorine atoms to form a carbon tetra chloride molecule.
ii) Beryllium has a pair of electrons in its outer most shell but it can form a beryllium
chloride molecule. (4 marks)
3. a) By using Le Chatelier’s principle, arsenic can be extracted from ores by first reacting the
ore with oxygen (called roasting process) to form solid As 4O6, which is then reduced using
carbon: Predict the direction of the shift of the equilibrium position in response to each of the
following changes in condition.
i) Addition of carbon monoxide.

ii) Addition or removal of carbon or tetra arsenic hexaoxide (AS4O6).
iii) Removal of gaseous arsenic (As4). (3 marks).
b) For the synthesis of ammonia at a 50 ℃ . the equilibrium constant is 6.0 x 10 -2. Predict the
direction in each the system will shift to reach equilibrium in each case:
(3 marks).
i) [NH3] = 1.0x 10-3 M, [N2] = 1.0 x10-5 M, [H2] = 2 x 10 -3 M
ii) [NH3] =2.0 x 10-4 M, [N2] =1.5 x 10-5 M, [H2] =3.54 x 10 -1 M
iii) [NH3] =1.0 x 10-4 M, [N2] = 5.0 M, [H2] =1.0 x 10 -2 M
c) At a certain temperature a 1.00 L flask initially contained 0.298 mol PCl 3 and 8.70 x 10-3 mol
PCl5. After the system had reached at equilibrium 2.00 x 10 -3 mol Cl2 was found in a flask.
Gaseous PCl5 decomposes according to the reaction. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of
all species. (4 marks)
4. a) Define the following terms

i. Molality
ii. Ebullioscopic constant
iii. Cryoscopic constant (3 marks)
b) Calculate the osmotic pressure and vapor pressure of 0.6% aqueous solution of a
non - volatile, non–electrolyte solute, urea (NH 2CONH2) at 25℃ . The vapor
pressure of pure water at 25 ℃ is 24 mmHg. Take densities to be 1gml-1 and
assume ideal behavior of the solution.
(3 marks)
c) To 500cm3 of water 3 .0 x 10 -3 kg 0f acetic acid is added. If 23% of acetic acid is
dissociated, what will be the depression in freezing point? K f and density of water
are 1.86K kgmol-1 and 0.997gcm-3 respectively.
(4 marks)
5. a) Explain briefly the physical significance of the van der Waals’ parameters “a” and “b”
(2 marks)
b) Explain the following

i. Aerated water bottles are kept under water during summer
ii. The size of weather balloon becomes larger and large as it ascends into high attitudes
(3 marks)
c) A hydrocarbon contains 10.5g of carbon per g of hydrogen. 1 liter vapor of hydrocarbon at

127℃ and 1atm pressure weighs 2.8g. Find the molecular formula of hydrocarbon.
(5 marks)
6. a) Define the following thermal chemical terminologies
i) Enthalpy of neutralization
ii) Enthalpy of combustion
iii) Enthalpy of solution. (3 marks)
b.) Magnesium will displace copper from copper (II) sulphate solution. If an excess of
magnesium is added to 100cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 copper (II) sulphate, the temperature increases by
46.3℃ . Assume that the densities of and specific heat capacity of the solution be equal to that
of water that is 1g/cm3 and 4.18Jg-1K-1
i) Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the reaction.
ii) Calculate the minimum quantity of magnesium required to ensure it is in excess

(4 marks)
c) The bond enthalpy of the gases H 2, Cl 2, HCl are 104, 58, 103 Kj/mol respectively. Calculate
the enthalpy of formation of HCl gas. (3 marks)
7. a) Aluminum oxide is said to be amphoteric. Explain this fact by aid of chemical equation
(3marks).
b) Iron III carbonate never exists. Explain this statement. (1 marks)
c) Explain the following with the aid of chemical reaction if applicable

i. MgCl2.6H2O when heated can never give out anhydrous MgCl2
ii. CuCl2 solution is acidic to litmus paper (6marks)
iii. Fe3O4 is called mixed oxide.
SECTION B (30 MARKS)
8. a) Explain the following:
i) The boiling point of alkane increase with increase in a molecular weight.

ii) Methane does not react with chlorine in dark at room temperature.
iii) n-alkane with an even number of carbon atom have slightly higher melting point than the
next higher homologue
iv) Bromination is preferred to chlorination in the halogenation of an alkane.
v) Why is alcoholic KOH and not aqueous KOH used for dehydrogenation of an alkyl halide to
an alkene? (5 marks).
b) An organic compound (A) C 4H9Cl on reacting with KOH gives (B) and on reacting with
alcoholic KOH gives (C) which is also formed on passing the vapor of (B) over heated copper.
The compound (C) readily decolorizes bromine water. Ozonolysis of (C) gives two compound
(D) and (E). Compound (D) react with NH 2OH to give (F) and the compound (E) which reacts
with NaOH to give an alcohol (G) and sodium salt (H) of an acid. (D) Can also be prepared from
propyne on treatment with water in presence of Hg 2+ and H2SO4. Identify the compound (A) to
(D) with proper reasoning. (7 marks)
c) Write the structure of the major organic product expected for each of the following reaction
(3 marks)
9. a) i) Explain what is meant by the term acid saturation. (1 marks)
ii) A sample of clay surfaces soil is taken from a Richards’s farm and analyzed in the laboratory.
The laboratory results indicate a C. E. C of the soil is 20Cmol/kg and the following concentration
of exchangeable cations. Ca2+ = 3Cmol/kg, Mg2+ = 4Cmol/kg, Al3+ = 4Cmol/kg, H+ = 6Cmol/kg
and K+ = 3Cmol/kg. Calculate the percentage base saturation and percentage acid saturation.
(5 marks)
b) Doto was advised to supply 160kg of N to her maize farm. Calculate the mass of fertilizer (of
80% by mass Ca (NO3)2) which has to buy to meet the requirements.
c) i) What is over liming and its effect in the soil (4 marks)
ii) Calculate the amount of calcium carbonate required liming an acidic soil that requires 112g
of calcium oxide for the same work. (5 marks)
10. a) Give reasons on the following:

i) Why is phenol more soluble in water than toluene
ii) Account for the lower boiling point and decrease water solubility of o – nitro
phenol as compared with their m - and p – isomer
iii) Why is n – hexanol is insoluble in water
iv) The boiling point of 1 –propanol (molecular mass 60) is 370K while the boiling
point of 1,2 – ethanediol (molecular mass 62) is 470K. Explain the reason for high
boiling point of 1, 2 – ethanediol.
v) Why ethylene is much more reactive than ethane. (5 marks)
b) Give three ways of preparing the following:

i) Chlorobenzene
ii) Ethyl iodide
iii) Chloroform (6 marks)
c) Give the structure of A, B, C and D (explanation is not required).

i) A (C3H9N) react with benzene sulphonyl chloride to give a solid insoluble in
alkali.
ii) B(C4H8) which adds on HBr in presence and in the absence of peroxide to give
the same product, C4H9Br
iii) C (C4H8) which when treated with H 2O, H2SO4, gives C4H10O which cannot be
resolved into optical isomers.
iv) D (C6H12) and optically active hydrocarbon which on catalytic hydrogenation
gives on optically inactive compounds, C6H14.
(4marks)

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1. This paper consists of ten (10) questions.

SECTION A (70 MARKS)

c) i) Calculate the energy of a line in the Lyman series with n2 =∞ .

2. a) what do you understand by the following types of bonds?

i) Dative covalent bond

b) What is hybridization? Give three types with one example on each

c) By applying the knowledge of hybridization explain the following:

i) Addition of carbon monoxide.

i) [NH3] = 1.0x 10-3 M, [N2] = 1.0 x10-5 M, [H2] = 2 x 10 -3 M

ii) [NH3] =2.0 x 10-4 M, [N2] =1.5 x 10-5 M, [H2] =3.54 x 10 -1 M

iii) [NH3] =1.0 x 10-4 M, [N2] = 5.0 M, [H2] =1.0 x 10 -2 M

4. a) Define the following terms

b) Explain the following

c) A hydrocarbon contains 10.5g of carbon per g of hydrogen. 1 liter vapor of hydrocarbon at

6. a) Define the following thermal chemical terminologies

ii) Enthalpy of combustion

iii) Enthalpy of solution. (3 marks)

i) Calculate the molar enthalpy change for the reaction.

ii) Calculate the minimum quantity of magnesium required to ensure it is in excess

b) Iron III carbonate never exists. Explain this statement. (1 marks)

c) Explain the following with the aid of chemical reaction if applicable

8. a) Explain the following:

i) The boiling point of alkane increase with increase in a molecular weight.

9. a) i) Explain what is meant by the term acid saturation. (1 marks)

c) i) What is over liming and its effect in the soil (4 marks)

10. a) Give reasons on the following:

b) Give three ways of preparing the following:

c) Give the structure of A, B, C and D (explanation is not required).

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