EAPP Lessons
EAPP Lessons
EAPP Lessons
Text Structure
improvised flotation device. You can
make one using your pants. First, knot
off the leg holes of your pants. Then,
Text Structure is the organizational hold the open waist and swing the pants
structure used within paragraphs or around to fill the legs with air. Promptly
longer texts, appropriate to genre and knot the waist to trap the air and hold
purpose. the pants underwater so that the air
would not escape
What are the benefits of
understanding this in developing 2. Time order/Chronology—this
one’s comprehension skill? pattern is found in most narrative
texts, where the plot unfolds over
Text structure is one specific type of
time; more complex texts use
prior (or background) knowledge that
literary devices, such as
skilled readers possess. Good readers
flashback and foreshadowing to
can identify important information in a
implicitly establish time order
text and are aware of how other textual
information relates to the important Example: Ondoy began to develop from
propositions. They can do this even an active low-pressure area to a tropical
when, as often happens, the text is not cyclone on September 24, 2009. The
well organized. These readers are following day, PAGASA raised storm
applying cognitive patterns—rhetorical signals all over the Philippine
structures—that they have already archipelago. At that point, signal no. 2
acquired, first via their oral language was raised in Catanduanes and other
experience and later via their reading. parts of Luzon. By Saturday morning,
These patterns guide them to the reports of flooding started to pour in.
Meanwhile, President Arroyo declared a laptop also comes with an AC adapter
state of calamity in Metro Manila. which charges the battery and serves as
Immediately after President Arroyo’s the source of electric power when it is
declaration, various government plugged in.
agencies began the rescue and relief
operations. As soon as Typhoon Ondoy 4. Definition Structure—
exited the Philippines, more and more Typically this pattern includes a
relief and rescue operations were “definition” and examples of
conducted. class membership/type,
attributes, and functions; It may
3. Events/Enumeration/ also include the parts and the
Description Structure—this relationship between the parts or
pattern usually covers a larger structure and function; in some
piece of writing rather than a instances, it will include ways
single paragraph. An something is similar to or
introductory paragraph is different from other things.
provided which states the topic
and facilitates the listing or Example: Social engineering is defined
elaboration of important as any method which tricks people to
descriptions, characteristics, or share personal information through the
attributes. use of technology. The “social”
component in this scheme means that
Example: A laptop is one of the greatest there is reliance on various
inventions of the modern era. It is a psychological tricks and on the
lightweight device that can save a vast gullibility of users rather than technical
amount of information. The screen, hacking. Social engineering also refers
touchpad, speakers, keyboard, battery, to various malicious acts online, such as
and AC adapter are the basic parts of a phishing, spamming, and pretexting.
laptop. The most noticeable part of a
laptop is its screen, which is responsible 5. Compare-Contrast Structure
for displaying information. Another —this pattern shows similarities
major component is the keyboard. On it and dissimilarities between
are the keys needed to enter data into the objects, actions, ideas, or
computer. Near the keyboard you will processes; headings and
find a smooth, rectangular surface which subheadings generally provide
acts like a desktop computer mouse— extra support/signals to readers
this is the touchpad. At the bottom part about this structure; often one
of this rectangular surface, you will see paragraph is dedicated to
buttons that operate like a mouse button. similarities and another to
Below the keyboard and touchpad, built differences.
into the laptop itself are the speakers Example: Are you not sure yet which
which allow you to hear sounds and phone to buy? To help you decide, this
music. Found at the back of the review will help you inspect the basic
keyboard is the battery; it serves as the similarities and differences of the
lifeline of the computer. Finally, a
flagship phones of two giant companies: different forms; at one extreme,
Apple’s iPhone 6 and Samsung’s the problem and solution are
Galaxy S5. Both brag to be the best labelled as such; at the other
smart phones in market to date. While extreme, the pattern is a series of
these state-of-the art phones have questions and answers that may
similarities in the form of their sleek or may not lead to a resolution of
design, multi-touch screen, and the problem or issue.
multimedia features, they have their
Examples: Today, most of the energy
distinctive features as well. First, Galaxy
resources we have are generated from
S5 has a larger screen at 5.1 inches as
coal, oil, and natural gas. However,
compared to iPhone 6’s 4.7 inches.
these resources are limited. If
6. Cause-Effect (Antecedent- continuously consumed at an alarming
Consequence) Structure— rate, fossil fuels necessary for generating
unlike the sequence pattern, this power to operate vehicles and factories
pattern carries the implication will run out before long. Nonetheless,
that the effect is produced by a this problem can be resolved through the
specific cause or that the use of alternative sources of energy and
consequences follow from the conservation efforts. First, using
specified antecedents; this might alternative sources of energy such as
be found in a discussion of solar energy and fusion energy would
science investigation results or lessen pollution.
historical articles linking
multiple causes and effects.
Examples: The advancement in
technology and economy has created
major changes in modern society. One
of these changes is globalization. As we
know, globalization has affected the
world in many ways. First, it served as a
catalyst to worldwide trading, thus
allowing countries to access foreign
products. Although this had positive
effects, it also posed a real threat to the
merchandise of local traders. Second,
globalization affected the financial
market. As a result, different countries
had more access to funds, and the
exchange in national currencies
dramatically increased.
7. Problem Solution
(Hypothetical) Structure—this
pattern may follow a number of