Science 10

Science 10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 1
BEHAVIOR OF GASES
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
1. Enumerate and discuss kinetic molecular theory of gases;
2. explain the relationship between volume and pressure at constant temperature using Boyle’s Law;
3. solve sample problems involving Gas laws ; and
4. cite practical applications of Boyle’s Law in your daily li
Activity 1: Graph Me!

Procedures:
1. Analyze Table 1 showing the relationship of pressure and volume at constant temperature and amount of
substance.
2. Construct a graph by plotting pressure against volume.
3. Answer the questions that follow
Guide Questions:
1. As the pressure increases, what happens to the volume?
2. What relationship exists between pressure and volume at same amount of gas and constant temperature?
While doing the activity, you have noticed that gases exhibit changes in behavior if they are subjected to
changes in temperature. These behaviors may be explained through the Kinetic Molecular Theory which has
the following assumptions:
1. The volume of the individual particles of a gas is so small that it is incomparable to the volume of the
gas itself.
2. These particles are in constant random motion which moves in a straight line until it hits another particle
or a wall.
3. These particles have no force of attraction on each other or on the wall.
4. When two particles collide or a particle hits a wall, the total kinetic energy is conserved. No energy is
gained or lost by the particle.
5. The absolute temperature affects the kinetic energy of the particles; the higher the temperature, the higher
the average kinetic energy of gas particles. This means that at absolute zero, the particles’ motion stops.
These assumptions are true for ideal gases but may still be applied in real gases. Ideal gases are
hypothetical gases that follow these assumptions. Also, Kinetic molecular theory supports the different gas
laws that explain the relationship among the properties of gases.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases provides a model to explain behavioral properties of gases.
The four measurable properties of gases such as pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles are
related to each other. If one of these variables is changed, there is a corresponding change in other variables
depending on its relationship. Gas laws are products of various experiments that were done by scientists
many years ago. Boyle’s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure at constant
temperature.
Robert Boyle was an Anglo-Irish chemist who was able to investigate the relationship between
pressure and volume at constant temperature. He used a J-shaped tube apparatus, which is closed on one
end. In his experiment, he trapped air in the tube with liquid mercury. He measured the volume of the
trapped air and the difference in the heights of the mercury columns in the two arms of the tube. As he
poured successive amounts of mercury into the open end of the tube, he found out that the volume of the
trapped air decreases. In his findings, he expressed the volume readings in cubic inches, and the pressure in
inches of mercury.
Then he proposed Boyle’s Law, which states that the volume of a given mass of gas held at
constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure.
Figure 1 shows that Boyle’s law refers to a relation concerning the compression and expansion of a gas at
constant temperature. This empirical relation, formulated by the physicist Robert Boyle in 1662, states that
the pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature.
Table 1. Commonly Used Units for Volume and Pressure
Variable SI unit Metric Unit English Unit
Volume cubic meter (m3) liter (L) quart (qt)
cubic decimeter (d m3) milliliter (Ml) gallon (gal)
cubic centimeter (cm3)
Pressure Pascal (Pa) atmosphere (atm) torr
millilitres of mercury (mm Hg) lb/¿3 (psi)
centimetres of mercury (cm Hg)
Table 2. Conversion of units and their equivalents

Volume Units and their Pressure Units and their Temperature units and their
equivalents equivalents equivalents
1Ml = 1cm3 1atm = 760 mm 0
0 C = 273. 15 K
1L = 1 dm3 Hg=76 cm 0 0
0 C = 32 F
1 m3 = 1000L Hg= 760
torr=101325
Pa= 14.6956 psi
Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a fixed quantity of gas maintained at constant temperature is inversely
proportional to the pressure.
When two measurements are inversely proportional, one gets smaller as the other gets larger.
Boyle’s Law can be expressed in mathematical terms:
or
Sample Problem
The inflated balloon that slipped from hand of Renn has a volume of 0.50 L at sea level (1.0 atm) and it
reached a height approximately 8 km where the atmospheric pressure is approximately 0.33 atm. Assuming that
the temperature is constant, compute for the final volume of the balloon.
By applying Boyle’s Law, can you predict what will happen to the final volume?
Initial Conditions Final Conditions
V1= 0.50 L V2=?
P1= 1.0 atm P2 = 0.33 atm
Solution: V 1 P1 = V2 P2
V2= V1 P1/P2
( 0.50 L )( 1.0 atm )
V2 ¿ =1.5 L
(0.33 atm)
Activity 2: Relationship of Volume and Pressure at Constant Temperature

Objectives:
At the end of the activity, you should be able to explain the relationship between volume and pressure at
constant temperature using Boyle’s Law.
Materials: Paper and pen, Illustration of Boyle’s Law
Illustration:
Procedure:
1. Study the illustration of figure 2, then answer the given questions below.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the constant in Boyle’s Law? _____________
2. What are the changed after pushing the cover of the jar? _______________ and ___________________
3. Pulling up the cover of the jar made the ____________ increased, and the _______________ decreased.
4. Pushing down the cover of the jar caused the ____________ to decreased and the ___________ to
increased
5. The same number of particles are in a smaller space (less________________), so they strike the sides of
the container more often (more _______________), ven though each one has not changed speed
(temperature).
Closure : Boyle’s Law experiments showed that when volume increases, the pressure decreases; and if the
volume decreases, the pressure increases. Thus, the relationship of volume and pressure at constant
temperature is ____________________ proportional.
Activity 3: Problem Solving

Direction: Answer the following problems for a better grasp of the lesson, show your solution.
1. Oxygen gas inside a 1.5 L gas tank has a pressure of 0.90 atm. Provided that the temperature remains
constant, how much pressure is needed to reduce its volume by 0.5?
2. A scuba diver needs a diving tank in order to provide breathing gas while he is under water. How much
pressure is needed for 6.00 L of gas at 1.01 atmospheric pressure to be compressed in a 3.00 L cylinder?

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Activity 1: Graph Me!

Table 2. Conversion of units and their equivalents

Activity 2: Relationship of Volume and Pressure at Constant Temperature

Activity 3: Problem Solving

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