The Vinh Phan

Dr. Linh Tran

CTS1134 - Network+
17th March 2024
Network+_Ch4_Modern_Ethernet_Practice
● Key Terms Quiz
1. When a network device can both send and receive data at the same time, it is said to be
full-duplex.
2. 1000BaseLX has a maximum cable length of 2 kilometers and uses multimode fiber with
ST or SC connectors.
3. 100BaseT is also known as 100BaseTX.
4. You can use a media converter to connect any type of Ethernet cabling together.
5. 802.3z and 802.3ab are both Gigabit Ethernet standards.
6. 1000BaseSX supports the longest maximum distance for Gigabit Ethernet.
7. The 10GBaseER and 10GBaseEW IEEE standards support the longest maximum distance
for 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
8. Many fiber experts consider the LC connector to be the predominant fiber connector.
9. 10GBaseSR is the least expensive and most popular 10 GbE media type.
10. Switches with a multisource agreement (MSA) port can support a variety of Gigabit port
types.
● Multiple Choice Quiz
1. B. Cat 5 and C. Cat 5e
2. D. 1024
3. C. Half-duplex
4. D. 1000BaseT
5. B. MSA
6. A. BiDi
7. B. 100BaseFX
8. A. LC, C. MT-RJ, D. ST
9. A. 802.3ab
10. D. You can’t tell the difference by looking. They look exactly the same.
11. B. Fiber is not affected by EMI.
12. C. SFP
13. D. There is no physical difference.
14. A. The R indicates “regular,” or half-duplex. The W indicates “wide mode,” which is the
10 Gigabit Ethernet version of full-duplex.
15. A. AC
● Essay Quiz
1. Computer Network Cable Connections: I'm familiar with Ethernet cables like Cat 5e and
Cat 6, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Ethernet cables are common in local area
networks (LANs), coaxial cables were used in older setups, and fiber optic cables are now
preferred for high-speed data transmission over longer distances due to their immunity to
electromagnetic interference (EMI).

2. Recommendations for Fiber-Optic NICs: For new fiber-optic NIC installations, I

recommend using LC connectors as they offer better performance and are more compact than
SC connectors commonly used in older setups.

4. Questions for a Network Administrator:

- What cabling infrastructure does the organization use, and how is it organized?
- Describe the network connections, including hubs, switches, and routers.
- How is network security managed, and what measures are in place against cyber threats?
- What protocols and standards does the organization follow for network communication?
- How are network performance and connectivity issues addressed?
- Are there plans for network expansion or upgrades?
- How is data integrity and reliability ensured?
- What backup and disaster recovery measures are in place?

5. Thank-You Note:
Dear Dr. Linh Tran,
Thank you for the insightful tour of your facility. I appreciated learning about your network
infrastructure, especially [mention specific observations]. I'm keen on pursuing a career in
networking and would appreciate any guidance on potential opportunities within your
organization.
Best regards,
The Vinh Phan

Network+_Ch4_Modern_Ethernet_Lab
● Lab Exercise 4.01: Understanding Ethernet Standards
1. Step 1
2. Step 2
3. Step 3
4. Step 4
5. Step 5
 Speed Distance Cabling Connectors

Provides data Maintains a maximum Uses twisted-pair Utilizes RJ-45

transmission speeds of distance of 100 meters cabling, typically Cat5 connectors for data
100BaseT Ethernet up to 100 Mbps. between devices. or Cat5e cables. transmission.

Offers data speeds of Supports a maximum Requires Cat5e, Cat6, Also employs RJ-45
up to 1 Gbps (Gigabit distance of 100 meters or higher-grade connectors for
1000BaseT Ethernet per second). over twisted-pair twisted-pair cables. connectivity.
cabling.

Provides data rates of Offers longer Utilizes fiber optic Typically uses SC or
up to 1 Gbps. transmission distances, cabling, specifically LC connectors for
up to 550 meters over single-mode or fiber optic
1000BaseLX Ethernet
multimode fiber and multimode fiber. connections.
up to 5 kilometers over
single-mode fiber.

Offers data speeds of Supports shorter Requires multimode Often utilizes SC or

up to 1 Gbps. transmission distances, fiber optic cabling. LC connectors for
1000BaseSX Ethernet up to 550 meters over fiber optic
multimode fiber. connections.

Supports speeds of up Up to 100 meters over Requires Cat6a or Utilizes standard

to 10 Gbps, ensuring Cat6a or Cat7 Cat7 cables to RJ-45 connectors,

10GBaseT Ethernet high-performance twisted-pair copper maintain signal offering compatibility

networking. cabling. integrity at high with existing Ethernet
speeds. infrastructure.

6. Step 6
Answer: In the lab step, it's assumed that 100 new computers need network interface cards
(NICs) for Gigabit Ethernet connectivity. Unlike commercial computer vendors, which provide
Gigabit Ethernet NICs pre-installed on ATX motherboards, these computers require separate NICs.
Therefore, when purchasing NICs, ensure they are compatible with the computers' hardware
specifications to enable high-speed data transmission.
7. Step 7
 Answer: 1000BaseSX and 1000BaseLX are favored over 1000BaseT for longer-distance
connections in network setups. Compared to 1000BaseT, both 1000BaseLX and 1000BaseSX support
transmission over greater distances. While 1000BaseLX is suitable for single-mode applications
covering longer distances (up to 10 kilometers), 1000BaseSX is typically used for shorter distances
(up to 550 meters). In contrast, 1000BaseT is limited to a maximum cable length of 100 meters. The
1000BASE-LX operates at 1310nm wavelength, whereas the 1000BASE-SX operates at 850nm.
8. Step 8
Answer: Use fiber optic cable for the 900-foot backbone between buildings. It offers high
bandwidth, minimal signal loss, and is immune to electromagnetic interference.
● Lab exercise 4.02: Ethernet Network Design: Implementing Switches
1. Step 1
2. Step 2
Answer:
a. To cover the 82 cable drops in the administrative building and allow for future expansion, I
recommend installing two 48-port Gigabit Ethernet switches.

b. For workgroups with a limited number of drops, it's advisable to use small and
budget-friendly desktop switches. These can be connected to the main network via existing drops,
providing additional ports for network devices in those areas.

c. In the inspection garage, a single 48-port Gigabit Ethernet switch should suffice to handle
the 30 cable drops and accommodate any future expansion needs.
● Lab exercise 4.03: Building an Ethernet Patch Cable
1. Step 1

Cabling Cable Details Connectors Length

10GBaseT Ethernet Cat6/6A UTP four-pair/full-duplex. Rj-45 55/100m

10GBase SR/SW Multimode fiber 850nm Not defined 26-300m

Ethernet

Variable, commonly
10GBaseLR/LW Single-mode fiber 1310nm 10km
Ethernet LC
 Variable, commonly 40km
10GBaseER/EW Single-mode fiber 1550nm
Ethernet LC and SC

2. Step 2
Answer: The HP 614203-B21 NC552SFP 10Gb 2-Port Ethernet Server Adapter is priced at
$74.00 and is compatible with PCI Express 2.0 x8 slots. It offers 10 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity.
The Intel Ethernet Converged Network Adapter X550-T2 is another option to consider.
● Lab exercise 4.04: Beyond 10 Gigabit Ethernet: 40/100 Ethernet
1. Step 1:
Answer: The demand for faster data transmission rates in data centers and across the internet
has led to the development of two new Ethernet speeds, namely 40 GbE and 100 GbE. This surge in
demand is fueled by the expansion of cloud computing, video streaming, and high-performance
computing applications.
2. Step 2:
Answer: IEEE P802.3ba, a project within the IEEE 802.3 working group, was responsible for
creating the standard for 40 GbE and 100 GbE. The primary goals of this project were to enhance
network performance, support high-speed connectivity, and address the growing need for bandwidth
across various applications.
3. Step 3:
Answer: Apart from 40GBaseKR4 and 100GBASE-KP4, several other standards are utilized
for 40/100 GbE connections. These include 40GBASE-SR4, 40GBASE-LR4, 40GBASE-ER4,
40GBASE-FR, 100GBASE-SR10, 100GBASE-LR4, 100GBASE-ER4, and 100GBASE-CR10.
4. Step 4:
Answer: The emergence of 400 Gigabit Ethernet and 200 Gigabit Ethernet technologies caters
primarily to internet service providers, data centers, and large-scale enterprises. These advancements
are crucial to accommodate the escalating volume of data traffic, attributed to the proliferation of
connected devices, the surge in cloud services, and the escalating demand for high-quality video
content.
Lab Analysis
1. Considerations Before Installing Cat 6A Cable:
- Cat 6A cables are thicker and less flexible compared to Cat 5e or Cat 6 cables, which can pose
challenges during installation and management.
- They require more space in conduit and cable trays due to their larger size.
- Cat 6A cables are also more expensive than lower category cables.

2. Gigabit Ethernet Implementation:

- For Gigabit Ethernet, Cat 5e, Cat 6, or Cat 6A UTP cabling can be utilized.
 - However, Cat 5e is the minimum requirement for 1000BaseT (Gigabit Ethernet over copper).

3. Difference Between 10GBaseSR and 10GBaseLR:

- 10GBaseSR (Short Reach) is suitable for short-distance transmission over multimode fiber,
typically up to 300 meters.
- 10GBaseLR (Long Reach) is designed for long-distance transmission over single-mode fiber,
typically up to 10 kilometers.

4. Advantages of Fiber-Optic Cabling Over Copper Wire:

- Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Fiber-optic cables are not susceptible to EMI,
which is crucial in environments with numerous electrical devices, like a machine shop.
- Safety: Since fiber-optic cables do not carry electrical current, they eliminate the risk of fire hazard
or electrical shock.

Key term quiz

1. 1000BaseSX uses multimode fiber.
2. 1000BaseLX uses single-mode fiber.
3. The fastest-rated speed of Ethernet is 400 Gbps.
4. To implement 1000BaseT, Cat 5e or higher, UTP cabling must be installed, although new installs
should use either Cat 6 or Cat 6A.
5. Many Gigabit Ethernet switches support 1000BaseT to allow support of the ever-increasing speeds.
The two dominant forms of these devices are GBIC (gigabit interface converter) and SFP (small
form-factor pluggable).