VELAMMAL IIT ACADEMY

XII Kinematics (Subjective) Adv. Level

Q 1. Two particles were projected one by one with the same initial velocity
from the same point on level ground. They follow the same parabolic
trajectory and are found to be in the same horizontal level, separated by
a distance of 1 m, 2 s after the second particle was projected. Assume
that the horizontal component of their velocities is 0.5 ms-1. Find
a. the horizontal range of the parabolic path.
b. the maximum height for the parabolic path.
Q 2. A particle is projected from a point on the level ground and its height is h
when at horizontal distances a and 2a from its point of projection. Find
the velocity of projection.
Q 3. Cannon A is located on a plain a distance L from a wall of height H. On
top of this wall is an identical cannon (cannon B). Ignore air resistance
throughout this problem.
Also ignore the size of the cannons relative to L and H. The two groups of
gunners aim the cannons directly at each other. They fire at each other
simultaneously, with equal muzzle speed v0.

What is the value of v0 for which the two cannon balls collide just as they
hit the ground?
Q 4. A platform is moving upwards with a constant acceleration of 2 ms-2. At
time t = 0, a boy standing on the platform throws a ball upwards with a
relative speed of 8 ms-1. At this instant, platform was at the height of 4
m from the ground and was moving with a speed of 2 ms-1. Take g=
10ms-2. Find
a. when and where the ball strikes the platform.
b. the maximum height attained by the ball from the ground.
c. the maximum distance of the ball from the platform.
Q 5. A stone is projected from a point on the ground in such a direction so as
to hit a bird on the top of a telegraph post of height h, and then attain a
height 2h above the ground. If, at the instant of projection, the bird
were to fly away horizontal with a uniform speed, find the ratio of the
horizontal velocities of the bird and the stone if the stone still hits the
bird.

Q 6. A projectile is fired with velocity v0 from a gun adjusted for a maximum

range. It passes through two points P and Q whose heights above the
horizontal are h each. Show that the separation of the two points is
v0
v 02  4gh .
g
Q 7. Hailstones falling vertically with a speed of 10 ms-1, hit the wind screen
(wind screen makes an angle 30° with the horizontal) of a moving car
and rebound elastically. Find the velocity of the car if the driver finds the
hailstones rebound vertically after striking.

Q 8. A launch travels across a river from a point A to a point B of the opposite

bank along the line AB forming angle  with the bank. The flag on the
mast of the launch makes an angle  with its direction of motion.
Determine the speed of the launch w.r.t. the bank. The velocity of wind
is u perpendicular to the stream.

Q 9. An airplane is observed by two observers traveling at 60 kmh-1 in two

vehicles moving in opposite directions on a straight road. To an observer
in one vehicle, the plane appears to cross the road track at right angles
while to the other appears to be 45°. At what angle does the plane
actually cross the road track and what is its speed relative to ground?
Q 10. Ball I is thrown towards a tower at an angle of 60° with the horizontal
with unknown speed (u).
 At the same moment, ball II is released from the top of tower as shown
in Fig. Balls collide after 2 s and at the moment of collision, the velocity
of ball I is horizontal. Find the
a. speed u
b. distance of point of projection of ball I from base of tower (x)
c. height of tower

Q 11. A ball is fired from point P, with an initial speed of 50 ms-1 at an angle of
53°, with the horizontal. At the same time, a long wall AB at 200 m from
point P starts moving toward P with a constant speed of 10 ms-1. Find

a. the time when the ball collides with wall AB.

b. the coordinate of point C, where the ball collides, taking point P as
origin.
Q 12. A rock is launched upward at 45°. A bee moves along the trajectory of
the rock at a constant speed equal to the initial speed of the rock. What
is the magnitude of acceleration (in ms-2) of the bee at the top point of
the trajectory? For the rock, neglect the air resistance.
Q 13. A boy throws a ball with speed a in a well of depth 14 m as shown in Fig.
On bounce with the bottom of the well, the speed of the ball gets
halved. What should be the minimum value of u (in ms-1) such that the
ball may be able to reach his hand again? It is given that his hands are at
1 m height from top of the well while throwing and catching.

Q 14. A helicopter is moving vertically upwards with a velocity 5 ms-1. When

the helicopter is at a height 10 m from ground, a stone is thrown with a
 velocity (3iˆ  4ˆj)ms 1 from the helicopter w.r.t. the man in it. Considering
the point on ground vertically below the helicopter as the origin of
coordinates, and the ground below as xy plane, find the coordinates of
the point where the stone will fall, its distance from origin at the instant
the stone strikes the ground, assuming helicopter moves upwards with
constant velocity.

Q 15. The direction of a projectile at a certain instant is inclined at an angle 

to the horizontal; after t second, it is inclined at an angle . Prove that
gt
the horizontal component of the velocity of the projectile is .
tan   tan 
Q 16. A boy on a train of height h1 projects a coin to his friend of height h2
standing on the same train, with a velocity v relative to the train, at an
angle  with horizontal. If the train moves with a constant velocity v in
the direction of x-motion of the coin, find the (a) distance between the
boys so that the second boy can catch the coin, (b) maximum height
attained by the coin, and (c) speed with which the second boy catches
the coin relative to himself (train) and ground.
Q 17. To a man going with a speed of 5 ms-1, rain appears to be falling
vertically. If the actual speed of rain is 10 ms-1, then what is the angle
made by rain with the vertical?
Q 18. A ship is sailing due north at a speed of 1.25 ms-1. The current is taking it
towards east at the rate of 2 ms-1 and a sailor is climbing a vertical pole
in the ship at the rate of 0.25 ms-1. Find the magnitude of the velocity of
the sailor with respect to ground.
Q 19. A bomber plane moves due east at 100 kmh-1 over a town T at a certain
instant of time. Six minutes later, an interceptor plane sets off flying due
north-east from the station S which is 40 km south of T. If both maintain
their courses, find the velocity with which the interceptor plane must fly
in order to just overtake the bomber.
Q 20. The velocity of a swimmer (v) in still water is less than the velocity of
water (u) in a river. Show that the swimmer must aim himself at an angle
cos-1 (v/u) with upstream in order to cross the river along the shortest
possible path. Find the drifting (distance moved along the direction of
stream in crossing the river) of the swimmer along this shortest possible
path.
Q 21. A man wants to reach point B on the opposite bank of a river flowing at
a speed u as shown in Fig. What minimum speed relative to water
should the man have so that he can reach directly to point B? In which
direction should he swim ?

Q 22. A steamer plies between two stations A and B on opposite banks of a

river, always following the path AB. The distance between stations A and
B is 1200 m. The velocity of the current is 17 ms-1 and is constant over
the entire width of the river. The line AB makes an angle 60° with the
direction of the flow. The steamer takes 5 min to cover the distance AB
and back.
a. Find the velocity of steamer with respect to water.
b. In what direction should the steamer move with respect to line AB?
Q 23. A ship A streams due north at 16 kmh-1 and a ship B due west at 12 kmh-
1
. At a certain instant B is 10 km north east of A. Find the
a. magnitude of velocity of A relative to B.
b. nearest distance of approach of ships.
Q 24. Two particles start moving simultaneously with constant velocities u1
and u2 as shown in Fig First particle starts from A along AO and second
starts from O along OM. Find the shortest distance between them during
their motion.

Q 25. The front wind screen of a car is inclined at an angle 60° with the
vertical. Hailstones fall vertically downwards with a speed of 5 3 ms 1 .
 Find the speed of the car so that hailstones are bounced back by the
screen in vertically upward direction with respect to car. Assume elastic
collision of hailstones with wind screen.
Q 26. A particle is projected from point A to hit an apple as shown in Fig. The
particle is directly aimed at the apple. Show that particle will not hit the
apple. Now show that if the string with which the apple is hung is cut at
the time of firing the particle, then the particle will hit the apple.

Q 27. A ball is projected for maximum range with speed 20 ms-1. A boy is
located at a distance 25 m from point of throwing start run to catch the
ball at the time when the ball was projected. Find the speed of the boy
so that he can catch the ball (Take g = 10 ms-1)
Q 28. A target is fixed on the top of a tower 13m high. A person standing at a
distance of 50 m from the pole is capable of projecting a stone with a
velocity 10 g ms 1 . If he wants to strike the target in shortest possible
time, at what angle should he project the stone?
Q 29. A stone is projected from the point on the ground in such a direction so
as to hit a bird on the top of a telegraph post of height h and then attain
the maximum height 3 h/2 above the ground. If at the instant of
projection the bird were to fly away horizontally with uniform speed,
find the ratio between horizontal velocities of the bird and stone if the
stone still hits the bird while descending.
Q 30. A ball rolls off the top of a stairway with a horizontal velocity of
magnitude 1.8 ms-1. The steps are 0.20 m high and 0.20 m wide. Which
step will the ball hit first? (g=10 ms-2)
Q 31. A machine gun is mounted on the top of a tower of height h. At what
angle should the gun be inclined to cover a maximum range of firing on
the ground below? The muzzle speed of bullet is 150 ms-1. Take g =
10ms-2.
Q 32. Figure shows an elevator cabin, which is moving downwards with
constant acceleration a. A particle is projected from corner A, directly
towards diagonally opposite corner C. Then prove that
 a. Particle will hit C only when a = g.
b. Particle will hit the wall CD if a < g. c Particle will hit the roof BC if a >
g.
Q 33. A ball is thrown with a velocity whose horizontal component is 12 m s-1
from a point 15 m above the ground and 6 m away from a vertical wall
18.75 m high in such a way so as just to clear the wall. At what time will
it reach the ground? (g = 10 ms-2)
Q 34. A particle is projected up an inclined plane of inclination  at an
elevation  to the horizon. Show that
a. tan  = cot  + 2 tan , if the particle strikes the plane at right angles
b. tan  = 2 tan , if the particle strikes the plane horizontally
Q 35. Two parallel straight lines are inclined to the horizon at an angle . A
particle is projected from a point mid way between them so as to graze
one of the lines and strikes the other at right angle. Show that if  is the
angle between the direction of projection and either of lines, then
tan  = ( 2 - 1) cot .
Q 36. A small sphere is projected with a velocity of 3 ms-1 in a direction 60°
from the horizontal y-axis, on the smooth inclined plane (Fig.). The
motion of sphere takes place in the x-y plane. Calculate the magnitude v
of its velocity after 2 s.

Q 37. A gun is fired from a moving platform and ranges of the shot are
observed to be R1 and R2 when the platform is moving forwards and
backwards, respectively, with velocity vP. Find the elevation of the gun 
in terms of the given quantities.
Q 38. A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 km h-1. As he approaches a circular
turn on the road of radius 80 m, he applies brakes and reduces his speed
 at the constant rate of 0.5 ms-2. What is the magnitude and direction of
the net acceleration of the cyclist on the circular turn?
Q 39. An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm as measured from the axis of
rotation. If the fan is rotating at 1200 rpm, find the acceleration of a
point on the tip of a blade.
Q 40. A particle starts from rest and moves in a circular motion with constant
angular acceleration of 2 rad s-2. Find
a. Angular velocity
b. Angular displacement of the particle after 4 s
c. The number of revolutions completed by the particle during these 4 s.
d. If the radius of the circle is 10 cm, find the magnitude and direction of
net acceleration of the particle at the end of 4 s.
Solutions
1. Distance travelled by 2nd Particle in 2 s = 0.5 × 2 = 1 m
Horizontal range = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 m Flight time = 4 + 2 = 6 s

6= 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 30

𝐻= = = 45
×
Particle will strike the ground after 2 s.
2. If v0 is the velocity of projection and a the angle of projection, the
equation of trajectory is
𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 − (i)
With origin at the point of projection,
gx2 - 2v 20 sin  cos  . x + 2v 02 cos2  . y = 0 (ii)
Since the projectile passes through two points (a, h) and (2a, h), then a
and 2a must be roots of Eq. (ii),
𝑎 + 2𝑎 = (iii)

and 𝑎 × 2𝑎 = (iv)
Dividing Eqs (iii) by (iv), we get
 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 =
From Eq. (iv),
𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 = (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼) = 1+

= + 9ℎ 𝑜𝑟𝑣 = + 9ℎ 𝑔

3. 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 =𝐿

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 =
√

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 =
√

( )
𝑣 =  𝑣 =
4. a. We solve the problem in reference frame of platform,
𝑣⃗ / = 8𝚥̂
𝑎⃗ / = 2𝚥̂𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎⃗ / = −𝑔𝚥̂
𝑎⃗ = 𝑎⃗ / = −12𝚥̂
By 𝑠 =𝑢 𝑡+ 𝑎 𝑡
4
0 = 8 × 𝑡 − × 12𝑡  t s
3
Total time 2 + = 𝑠
Displacement of platform in 10/3 s

= 4+2× + ×2× = 𝑚

b. vB/ E  10jˆ and 𝑎⃗ / = −10𝚥̂
By v2 = u2 + 2as w.r.t. earth,
(0)2 = (10)2- 2(10)s1
 s1 = 5 m Hmax=5 + 4 = 9m c.
Also platform frame, v2 = u2 + 2as
8
(0)2 = (8)2 + 2(-12)s  s m
3
5. Maximum height of the projectile is given by the expression
 ℎ

 2ℎ =  𝑣 = (i)

 𝑦 = 𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡

 ℎ= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡  𝑔𝑡 − 4 𝑔ℎ𝑡 + 2ℎ = 0
±
𝑡=
±
=
h
 t1  (2  2) and 𝑡 = (2 + √2)
g
At these two times, the projectile is at the same height as the bird. Let v
be the speed of the bird, for bird to be hitted. Therefore,
vt2 = v0 cos  (t2 - t1)
 = =
√
6. The trajectory of projectile is given by
𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 − (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)
Gun is adjusted for minimum range, therefore,  = 45°.
𝑦 =𝑥−𝑔

For y = h, we have ℎ = 𝑥 − 𝑥

𝑥 − 𝑥+ ℎ=0
If x1 and x2 are roots of the above equation,
𝑥 +𝑥 =  𝑥 𝑥 = ℎ

(𝑥 + 𝑥 ) = (𝑥 + 𝑥 ) − 4𝑥 𝑥 = −4 ℎ

𝑥 −𝑥 = 𝑣 − 4𝑔ℎ
7. For the driver to observe, the hailstones move vertically upward after
the elastic collision.
Let the velocity of hailstone w.r.t. car be 𝑣⃗ , . Then
𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗ , + 𝑣⃗
 (𝑣⃗ ) = (𝑣⃗ , + 𝑣⃗ )
𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗ , + 𝑣⃗
(𝑣⃗ ) = (𝑣⃗ , + 𝑣⃗ )

But (𝑣⃗ ) = 0 , since hailstones fall vertically down.

 (𝑣⃗ ) = −(𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 0 )
 |𝑣⃗ | = |𝑣⃗ , |

Now, (𝑣⃗ ) = (𝑣⃗ , + 𝑣⃗ )

Since (vh)y = -10 ms-1; (vc)y = 0
 -10 = -V sin 30° + 0
V sin 30° = 10  V = 20 ms-1
√
(𝑣⃗ ) = 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 0 = 20 × = 10√3𝑚𝑠
𝑣⃗ = 10√3𝚤̂𝑚𝑠
8. Flag on a launch flies in the direction of the wind relative to the launch.
Therefore,  is the angle made by relative velocity of the-wind in
relation to the launch.
𝑉⃗ , = 𝑢⃗ = 𝑢𝚥̂
𝑣⃗ , = 𝑣⃗ = 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝚤̂ + 𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝚥̂
𝑉⃗ , = 𝑢⃗ − 𝑣⃗ = −𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝚤̂ + (𝑢 − 𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼)𝚥̂

𝑡𝑎𝑛( 𝛼 + 𝛽) =
- v tan( + )cos  = u – v sin 
v[sin  - cos  tan( + )] = u

( ) ( / )
𝑣= =
9.

Let vp be the velocity of plane relative to the ground, at angle  to


velocity v1 of observer in
car 1.

In case (i), 𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗
𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗ + 𝑣⃗
Vector diagram is shown in Fig. Note that according to observer in car 1,
the plane crosses the road at right angles.
Similarly, in case 2𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗ + 𝑣⃗
AC
We can combine Figs (a) and (b), tan 45° =
AB
vP1 = (v1 + v2)tan45° = 120 × 1 = 120 kmh-1
vP = [602 + 120]1/2 = 134.16 kmh-1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = =2
Hence,  = tan-1 2
10. a. Time of ascent should be 2 s.
So =2 𝑢= 𝑚𝑠
√

b. 𝑥 = (𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 0 )𝑡 = × ×2= 𝑚
√ √
c. The height of tower can be found using concept of relative velocity. If
the balls have to collide, the initial velocity of ball I should be towards
ball II.
h
For this = tan 60
x
40
 h = x tan 60 = 3 = 40 m
3
OR:
 height ascended by ball I in 2 s:
1
h1 = M sin 60o × 2 - 10(2)2 = 20m
2
height descended by ball II in 2 s;
ℎ = 𝑔𝑡 = 10(2) = 20𝑚
Now h = h1+h2 = 20 + 20 = 40m
11. a. Relative horizontal velocity of ball and wall
= 50 cos 53°+10 = 40 ms-1
200
So time taken: t   5s
40
b. x coordinate of point C:x = (50 cos 53°) 5 = 150 m
To find y coordinates:
1
y = 50 sin 53 × 5 - 10(50)2 = 75 m
2
12. Velocity of rock at top point = u cos 
( )
So, acceleration of rock = =𝑔

 = = = 20𝑚𝑠
where r is the radius of curvature
Now acceleration of bee at top point:
𝑎 = = 20𝑚𝑠
Hence, r is same for both.
13. Let v is the speed with which ball collides with bottom, then
v2 = u2 + 2g × 15 (i)
Now ball rebounds with speed v/2. So
( / )
= 15 to reach the hands of boy
 v2 = 8 g × 15 (ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), u = 30 ms-1
14. Apply 𝑠 = 𝑢 𝑡 + 𝑎 𝑡
−10 = 5𝑡 − 10𝑡

 t2 – t - 2 = 0
  t = 2s
The stone falls at P.
15. Let the projectile be at point P at any instant, with its velocity inclined at
an angle  to the horizontal.

Therefore, horizontal component = u cos  (i)

and vertical component = u sin  (ii)
where u is the velocity of the projectile at P.
Let after t seconds, the particle reaches point Q, with angle of inclination
 to the horizontal and velocity v.
Resolving velocity at Q,
Horizontal component = v cos  (iii)
and vertical component = v sin  (iv)
Therefore, horizontal component remains same.
 u sin  = v cos  (v)
And for the vertical motion from point P to Q,
u = u sin ; v = v sin ; a = -g; t = t
Using v = u + at
v sin  = u sin  - gt (vi)
Substituting for v from Eq. (vi) in Eq. (v),
𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 = (𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 − 𝑔𝑡) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽
u sin  . cot  - u cos  = gt . cot 
u cos [tan  . cot  - 1]= gt . cot 
𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = = [Multiplying Nr. and Dr. by
.
tan ]
Therefore, horizontal component,
𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 =
16. a. Taking point A as origin.
 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −

 ℎ − ℎ = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −
From here, we will get two values of x, both can be valid.
b. Maximum height
𝐻=ℎ +
c. w.r.t. train:
vx = v cos 
𝑣 = (𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 2𝑔(ℎ − ℎ )
Final speed:
𝑣 = 𝑣 +𝑣 = (𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) + (𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 2𝑔(ℎ − ℎ )
= 𝑣 − 2𝑔(ℎ − ℎ )
w.r.t ground: vx = v' + v cos 
𝑣 = (𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) − 2𝑔(ℎ − ℎ )
Final speed : 𝑣 = 𝑣 +𝑣
17. 𝑣⃗ = 5𝚤̂, 𝑣⃗ / = −𝑣𝚥̂, 𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗ / + 𝑣⃗ = 5𝚤̂ − 𝑣𝚥̂
𝑣 = √5 + 𝑣 = 10
 𝑣 = 5√3

So 𝑣⃗ = 5𝚤̂ − 5√3𝚥̂
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =   = 30
√
18. 𝑣⃗ = 2𝚤̂ + 1.25𝚥̂ + 0.25𝑘
Magnitude; |𝑣⃗ | = √2 + 1.25 + 0.25

= 𝑚𝑠
19. Both should reach simultaneously at A.
TS = 40 km  TA = 40 km
Time taken by bomber to reach A:
 40 2
t  h = 24 min
100 5
So time taken by interceptor plane to reach A:
24 - 6 = 18 min
√ √
𝑣= = 𝑘𝑚ℎ
( / )

20. 𝑥=  = 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 =

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 =  𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠

We can get
√
𝑥= =

21. 𝑣⃗ = 𝑣⃗ / + 𝑣⃗
= 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝜃 + 45 )𝚤̂ + 𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝜃 + 45 )𝚥̂ +𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 5 𝚤̂ −
𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 5 𝑑𝚥̂
= [𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝜃 + 45 ) + 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 5 ]𝚤̂ + [𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝜃 + 45 −
𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 5 ]𝚥̂
To reach the point B, ˆj component should be zero
v sin( + 45) = u sin 45
 𝑣=
( )
For vmin,  = 45 = 90   = 45

 𝑣 , 45 with upstream

√

22. From A to B: AB = (v cos  + u cos )t1

From B to A: AB = (u cos  - u cos )t2
 = 60, v sin  = u sin  (i)
  5 × 60 = +
( )

Putting 𝑢 = √17,  = 60, we get

17 17
v2 cos2  - 8v cos  - = 0  v cos  = (ii)
4 2
3
From eqs (i) and (ii), tan  =
17

 𝛽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 and 𝑣 = √85ms-1

23. 𝑣⃗ / = 12𝚤̂ + 16𝚥̂, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 = =

𝑣⃗ / = (12) + (16)
a.
= 20 km h-1

b. DB = EB sin  = (OB – OE) sin 

= 𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 5 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼

= − 𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 5 × ×
√

= × = √2𝑘𝑚
√
24. 𝑢⃗ = −𝑢 𝚥̂, 𝑢⃗ = 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝚥̂ + 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝚤̂
 𝑢⃗ = 𝑢⃗ 𝑢 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝚤̂ + (𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑢 )𝚥̂
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 =

Shortest distance,
x 0 u 2 sin 
AB = x0 sin  =
u12  u 22  2u1u 2 cos 
√
25. Let 𝑣⃗ = 𝑣 𝚤̂, 𝑣⃗ / =− 𝚥̂ − 𝑣 𝚤̂
 √
𝑣⃗ = − 𝚥̂ + 𝑣 − 𝑣 𝚤̂

√
Now 𝑣 − 𝑣 =0  𝑣 =
√
√
Also + 𝑣 −𝑣 = (5√3)

 𝑣 = 75 × 4  = 75 × 4  v0 = 15 ms-1
26. The apple will not fall in the path of the trajectory of the particle. Hence,
the particle will not hit the apple. But when the string is cut, the vertical
fall of apple and the particle will be equal. Hence the particle will hit
apple
( × ) ×
27. 𝑅= = 40𝑚𝑇 = = 2√2𝑠
x = 40 -25 = 15 m
15
Required speed = = 5.3ms-1
2 2

( )
28. 13 = 50 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −
( √ )
17 3
25 tan2  - 100 tan  + 51 = 0  tan   ,
5 5
Time taken will be less for tan  = 3/5.
29. x2 = u cos  t, x2 – x1 = v - t
 x1 + vt = u cos t

gx 2 3h u 2 sin 2 
h  x tan   , 
2u 2 cos 2  2 2g
Simplify to get x2 – 6h cot  x + 6h2 cot2  = 0
±√
𝑥=
= 3h cot   3 h cot 
 x1 = 3h  to  3 h and x2 = 3h cot  + 3 h

√
𝑣= =
( √ )
𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = =
√ √ ( √ )
= = = √3 − 1
√
1
30. x = 0.2m, nx= gt2, nx > ut  n2x2 > u2t2
2

 𝑛 𝑥 >
( . )
 𝑛>  𝑛>
× .
 n > 3.24
and (𝑛 − 1)𝑥 = 𝑔𝑡
 ut1 > (n- l)x

 𝑢 𝑡 > (𝑛 − 1) 𝑥
( )
 > (𝑛 − 1) 𝑥

 > 𝑛−1 n – 1 < 3.24  n < 4.24

Hence, ball will hit the fourth step first.
31. -h = R tan  -
gR 2
 h = -R tan  + sec 2  (i)
2u 2
Differentiating w.r.t. 
 0 = -R sec2  - tan  + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 + 2𝑅

Putting = 0, we get 𝑅 = .
Putting R in (i), we get
ℎ=− +
  𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 =
( )

32. Superimpose an upward acceleration a on the system. The box becomes

stationary. The particle has an upward acceleration a and a downward
acceleration g. If a = g, the particle has no acceleration and will hit C If a
> g, the particle has a net upward acceleration, and if a < g, the particle
has a net downward acceleration.
33. u cos  = 12, 6 = u cos t  t = 0.5 s (fig.)

1 2
3.75 = u sin t - gt
2
2

= u sin  ×  10  
15 1 1 1
  u sin  = 10
4 2 2 2
1
- 15 = 10 T - 10T2
2
 T2 - 27 - 3 = 0  T = 3s
1
34. a. 0 = u sin( - )t - g cos t2
2
( )
(i)
0 = u cos ( - ) – g sin t

( )
 𝑡= (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
( ) ( )
=
 2 sin ( - ) = cot 
( )
 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝛽
 2 tan  - 2 tan  = cot  + tan 
 tan  = cot  + 2 tan 
b. t = 2u sin ( - )/ g cos 
 u sin 
Also, t 
g
( )
 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
 2 sin  cos  - 2 cos  sin  = sin  cos 
 sin  cos  = 2 cos  sin 
 tan  = 2 tan 
35. A to B : 02 = u2 sin2 - 2(g cos )h
1
A to C : -h = u sin t - g cos t2
2
and 0 = u cos  - g sin t  𝑡=

−ℎ = −

= −

= −
Multiplying both sides by , we get
- tan2  = 2 cot  tan  - cot2  = 0
tan2  + 2 cot  tan  - cot2  = 0
√
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
= (√2 − 1) 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝛼
36. The motion of the sphere takes place in a plane; the x- and y-
components of its acceleration are
Ax = -g sin 30°, ay = 0
The x- and y-components of the sphere's velocity at time t = 2 s are
Vx= v0x - axt = 3 sin 60° - g sin 30° × 2 = 0.1 ms-1
 Vy = v cos 60° = constant = 1.5 ms-1
So the magnitude of sphere's velocity is
|𝑣⃗| = 𝑣 +𝑣 = (0.1) + (1.5) = 1.5𝑚𝑠
37. Horizontal range =
Let the initial horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of the
shot be u and v, respectively, w.r.t platform.
( ) ( )
𝑅 = , platform moving forward 𝑅 = , platform
moving backward
4v P v
𝑅 +𝑅 = and R1  R 2 
g

Now (𝑅 − 𝑅 ) =
( )
and = ×
( )
or = =
( )
Elevation of gun
( )
𝛼 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ×
( )
( / )
38. 𝑣 = 27 × = 𝑚𝑠 ,𝑎 = = 0.7𝑚𝑠
at = 0.5 ms-2
Net acceleration: a = 𝑎 + 𝑎 = 0.86 ms-2
.
Direction 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = =
.
 = tan (5/7) with radius
-1

2
39.  = 1200 rpm = 1200 ×  40 rad s 1
60
𝑎 = 𝜔 𝑟 = (40𝜋) × = 480𝜋 𝑚𝑠
40.  = 2 rad s-2, 1 = 0, t = 4s
a. 2 =1 + t  2 = 0 + 2 × 4 = 8 rad s-1
1 2 1
b.  = 1t + t  =0×4+ × 2 × 42 = 16 rad
2 2
 1
c. 1 revolution = 2 rad  1 rad =
rev
2
16 8 8  7 28
 16 rad  rev = rev =  rev
2  22 11
d. After 4s : v = 2r = 8 × 10/100 = 0.8 ms-1
( . )
𝑎 = = = 6.4𝑚𝑠
/

𝑎 = 𝛼𝑟 = 2 × = 0.2𝑚𝑠

Now magnitude of net acceleration,

𝑎 = 𝑎 + 𝑎 = √6. 4 + 0. 2 = √41𝑚𝑠
Direction of acceleration,
.
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = = =  𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
.