MINOR PROJECT REPORT FILE SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

“A study on Electric Scooters in India: Comparison and Purchase Intention of

potential customers”

Batch: - 2021-2024

Section: - A
Supervised By: Submitted By:

Ms. Sheela Narang Wadhwa Vikas

Assistant Professor Enrollment No.: 11815101721

MERI

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Affiliated to GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

1
 DECLARATION

I Vikas, student of BBA Batch 2021-24 From MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
INSTITUE hereby declare that the Business Minor Project entitled “A study on Electric Scooters in
India: Trends, Comparison, and Purchase Intention of potential customers” is a result of my own
research work and our indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly
acknowledged. I shall be solely responsible for any plagiarism or other irregularities, if noticed in the thesis.
I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are the outcome of my own research work. I further
declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief that the Minor Project does not contain any part of any
work which has been submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma/certificate in this University or
any other University in India or Abroad.

NAME OF STUDENT
VIKAS

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work of “Minor Project” made by VIKAS BBA , 4TH
semester, ENROLLMENT NO. 11815101721 is an authentic work carriedout by him/her
under guidance and supervision of Dr. SHEELA NARANG.

The project report submitted has been found satisfactory for the partial fulfillment of the
degree of Bachelor of Business Administration.

Project Supervisor: Dr. SHEELA NARANG

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is in particular that I am acknowledging my sincere feeling towards my mentors who

graciously gave me their time and expertise. They have provided me with the valuable
guidance sustained and friendly approach it wouldhave been difficult to achieve the results in
such a short span of time without their help.

I deem it my duty to record my gratitude towards my internal project supervisor “Dr.

SHEELA NARANG” who devoted her precious time to interact, guide and gave me
the rightapproach to accomplish the task and also helped me to enhance my
knowledge and understanding of the project.

Student’s Name: Vikas

Enrollment No.: 11815101721
B.B.A
SHIFT- 1ST

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO.

1 TITLE OF THE PROJECT 1
2 DECLARATION 2
3 CERTIFICATE 3
4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
5 TABLE OF CONTEN5 5
6 INTRODUCTION 6
7 LITERETURE REVIEW 20
8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23
9 INTRODUCTION OF SPSS 27
10 QUESTIONNAIRE 30
11 RESULTS AND FINDINGS 36
12 REFRENCES 37

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 INTRODUCTION

In 1827, Hungarian priest Anyos Jedlik built the first rudimentary but functional electric motor,
complete with stator, rotor, and commutator; the next year, he used it to propel a small automobile.
Professor Sibrandus Stratingh of the University of Groningen in the Netherlands created small-scale
electric scooters in 1835, while Robert Anderson of Scotland invented the first rudimentary electric
carriage, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells, between 1832 and 1839 (the precise yearis
unknown). In 1835, Thomas Davenport, an American blacksmith and inventor, created a toy electric
locomotive powered by a primitive electric motor. Robert Davidson, a Scotsman, created a four-mile-
per-hour (6-kilometer-per-hour) electric locomotive in 1838. In 1840, a patent for the use of rails as
conductors of electric current was awarded in England, while Lilley and Colten received equivalent
patents in the United States in 1847.

The origins of electric bikes are a little hazy. Ogden Bolton Jr. of Canton, Ohio, filed a patent
application for an "electrical bicycle" on September 19, 1895. Hosea W.Libbey of Boston filed another
patent application for an "electric bicycle" on November 8, the same year.

In 1896, bicycle maker Humber displayed an electric tandem bicycle at the StanleyCycle Show in
London, England. The engine was mounted in front of the rear tyre and was powered by a bank of
storage batteries. A resistance across the handlebars was used to control speed. This electric bicycle was
designed primarily for usage on racetracks.

The introduction of an electric motorbike was announced in the October 1911 edition of Popular
Mechanics. It boasted a range of 75 miles (121 kilometres) to 100 miles (160 kilometres) per charge.
With speeds of 4 miles (6.4 km), 15 miles (24 km), and 35 miles (56 km) per hour, the motorbike had a
three-speed controller.

Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies built a prototype electric motorbike in 1919 with the batteries hidden
behind the sidecar's seat. Despite the fact that the vehicle wasregistered for road usage, it was never
used beyond the trial period.

Karl Kordesch, a Union Carbide employee, developed a fuel cell/Nickel–cadmium battery hybrid
electric motorbike in 1967. It was eventually upgraded with a

6
fuel cell, which gave it a range of 200 miles (320 kilometres) per gallonand a peak speed of 25 miles
per hour (40 kilometres per hour).

The Indian Motorbike Company, under the guidance of Floyd Clymer, constructed a prototype electric
motorcycle dubbed the Papoose in the same year.

In 1974, Auranthic Corp., a tiny California manufacturer, released the Charger, a compact motorbike.
On a full charge, it had a top speed of 30 mph (48 km/h) and a range of 50 miles (80 km).

Ed Rannberg, the founder of Eyeball Engineering, put his electric drag motorcycle to the test in
Bonneville in 1988. The KawaSHOCKI, a bike designed by Ed Rannberg, was featured in the January
1992 edition of Cycle World. In 11–12 seconds, it could run a quarter mile (0.25 mile (400 m)).

Scott Cronk and Rick Whisman started Electric Motorbike Inc. in Santa Rosa, California, in 1995.
Electric Motorbike Inc. produced the EMB Lectra in 1996, and it featured a variable reluctance motor.
It had a peak speed of around 45 miles per hour (72 kilometres per hour) and a range of 35 miles (56
km). There were around a hundred of them built.

Peugeot Scoot'Elec, the first mass-produced electric scooter, was debuted in 1996. It had a range of 40
kilometres and was powered by nickel-cadmium batteries (25 mi).

Killacycle set a drag racing record by completing a quarter mile (400 m) in 9.450 seconds on the
Woodburn circuit in Oregon on August 26, 2000. At 152.07 mph (244.73 km/h), Killacycle used lead
acid batteries. Killacycle, employing A123 Systems Li-ion nano-phosphate cells, achieved a new
quarter mile record of 7.824 seconds, breaking the 8-second barrier at 168 miles per hour (270 km/h) in
Phoenix, Arizona on November 10, 2007, during the All Harley Drag Racing Association (AHDRA)
2007.

The VX-1, the first commercially available high-performance electric scooter, was released by Vectrix
in 2006. In 2009, the Gold Peak battery group bought the firm following its insolvency and initial
bankruptcy restructuring. The VX-2 and the three-wheeled VX-3 were added to Vectrix's product
line. However, in January 2014,

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Vectrix suspended operations and filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy liquidation, with itsremaining assets
auctioned off the following June.

Electro Force bikes first appeared in 2012 as a commuter cycle for commuters to ride to work or for fun.
Jennifer Northern of Issaquah, Washington, constructed these cycles. She was the first woman in the
United States to design and produce an electricscooter. The speeds were programmable with
regenerative braking or on the throttle, and they reached 60 mph in 6 seconds. In any weather and
slopes, they could travelup to 100 miles while maintaining a speed of 65 mph. It was the first of its sort
in the United States, and it was built by a woman.

Carlin Dunne, riding a Lightning Motorbike-built electric motorcycle, defeated traditional bikes at Pikes
Peak on June 30, 2013. He ran the 12.42 mile (19.99 km) distance in 10 minutes 00.694 seconds.

VinFast, a Vietnamese company, launched two electric scooter models in Hanoi onNovember 20, 2018,
with four different models: VinFast Klara A1 (Lithium-ion battery), VinFast Klara A2 (Lead–acid
battery), VinFast Ludo, and VinFast Impes.

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 1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Since 2014, the Indian market for electric scooters and motorcycles has grown steadily. Electric
scooters and motorbikes sold 152.0 thousand units in 2019, up 20.6 percent from 2014. By the end of
2025, it is expecting that annual retail sales would have reached 1,080.5 thousand units, with a
CAGR of 57.9% between 2020 and2025. (Forecast period). Meanwhile, retail sales are anticipating
exceeding $1.0 billion by 2025, representing a CAGR of 63.9 percent between 2020 and 2025.
India is the world's third-largest carbon emitter, responsible for around 6% of globalCO2 emissions
from fossil fuel burning. In 2019, 21 of the world's 30 most polluted cities were in India, according to
research published by IQAir. In addition, 14 of the top 20 most polluted cities in the world are in India,
according to the WHO's Global Air Pollution Database (2018). Two-wheelers are India's most popular
vehicle type, accounting for 70% of the country's 200 million vehicles on the road and 80% of new
vehicle sales each year. They are a significant source of pollutant emissions inmetropolitan areas,
accounting for 20% of total CO2 emissions and around 30% of particulate matter (PM) emissions.

The federal state and municipal governments have adopted several efforts in recent years to reduce
automobile pollution, including tax exemptions, purchase rebates, andfinancial incentives for electric
vehicle purchasers (EV). The government's increased focus on reducing pollution levels in the country
bodes well for a good regulatory push for electric two-wheelers, which will aid the growth of the
Indian electric scooter and motorcycle markets.

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1.1 Top Electric Two-Wheelers Manufacturers In India

Hero Electric: Leading Electric Two-Wheelers Manufacturers

Hero Electric is considered a pioneer in the electric scooter business in India. The brand
started off by launching some basic and bare-bones electric scooters. Over the years,
Hero Electric's scooters have become more premium and they make for a brilliant ride
around town. Hero Electric has a number of models on sale with varyinglevels of range
and performance.

The brand has more than 500 dealerships and service centres across the country, spread
across 25 states. More than three lakh customers have so far purchased Hero Electric's
scooters like Flash, Optima, Nyx, etc. The brand also has a few more electric scooter
launches lined up in the near future.

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 Ather Energy

Ather Energy is the brand that brought performance electric scooters to the Indian market. Its scooters
feature in-house-developed battery packs, chassis, and cycle parts. Ather Energy also pioneered
technologies like touchscreen instrumentation, reverse assist, LED lighting all around and a previously
unmatched 0-60km/h acceleration time.

Ather Energy has launched several variants of its scooters over the years and isalso developing
more scooters that will be launched in the coming days. The brand currently retails the Ather 450X
electric scooter.

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➢ Okinawa Scooters: Electric Scooter Manufacturers

Okinawa is an Indian EV manufacturer that aims to be the No.1 electric scooter manufacturer in the
country. Okinawa's EV journey began in 2015. The brand established a production facility in
Bhiwadi, Rajasthan in 2016. In 2017, it launched the Okinawa Ridge and the Okinawa Praise. Over
the next couple of years, more variants of the two scooters were launched.

Okinawa recently launched the R30 and the Lite and is now all set to launch its first electric
motorcycle. The brand has shown lots of promise and has come a long way in a short span of time.
More products are set to come out from the Okinawa factory in the upcoming months.

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 BGauss: Electric Scooter

BGauss is a lifestyle electric scooter brand from the house of RR Global who have built a name for
themselves by being in the electrical business for over 35 years. BGauss revealed two electric
scooters, namely the A2 and B8, in 2020. Equippedwith top-notch electronics, the scooters are built
with state-of-the-art technology and sleek design, making them very futuristic. Electric scooters from
BGauss show a lotof promise and the brand plans on launching more in the future.

The BGauss A2 is a unique-looking slow-speed electric scooter with a top speed of25km/h and a range
of around 75 kilometers, powered by either a lithium-ion battery or a lead acid one. The BGauss B8 on
the other hand is a more premium offering that features a 1900 Watt motor from Bosch, a top speed of
50km/h and an estimated range of around 70 kilometers.

BGauss' electric scooters come with features like push button start, combined braking system, Find
Your Scooter function, remote lock & unlock, boost speed, anti-theft motor locking, anti-theft alarm,
side stand sensor, reverse mode, USB charging port, etc. While both scooters certainly excel in terms of
functional aspects and performance, it's their contemporary design that first draws attention towards
them. The B8 and A2 come with a 360-degree chrome finish, coated in glossy superior quality paint that
is also UV resistant. The premium tactile switches, designer LED headlamps and overall sophisticated
appearance contributes to the style quotient that they're well-known for.

The company and its scooters certainly have a promising future, thereby making them a highly trust
worthy electric scooter brand.

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 ➢ Ampere Electric

Ampere is among the leading electric scooter manufacturers in India. It makes a variety of electric
scooters targeted at different buyer mindsets. Ampere Vehicles wasformed in 2008 and three new
electric scooters were launched in the very same year. More models were launched over the coming
years.

Ampere Vehicles currently sells the reo, Reo Elite, V Series, M Series, Zeal EX, and Magnus Pro. Top
speeds vary from 25km/h to 55km/h and range varies from 65 kilometers to 90 kilometers. More models
are expected to be launched in the coming days.

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 1.2 Advantages of using Electric Scooters

A. Cost effective to operate

EVs are cheaper to operate since they have high efficiencies and fuel economies thereby reduce cost
for the owner. The electricity to charge an EV is about one third as much per kilometre to purchase
fuel for vehicle.
B. Less cost to maintain

BEVs have less moving parts than those had by conventional combustion engine vehicles. There is
less servicing and no expensive systems such as fuel injection and exhaust systems, which are not
needed in an EV. PHEVs have petrol engine and needservicing hence costing more than BEVs but
they also have an electric propulsion system, which requires less moving parts leading to less
depletion of petrol engine parts.
C. Environment Friendly

EVs are less polluting, as they have zero exhaust emissions. If you opt to userenewable energy to
charge your EV, you can reduce greenhouse gas emissions even more. Some EVs are made of eco-
friendly materials such as the Ford Focus Electric, which is made of recycled and bio based
materials and the Nissan Leaf, which is partly made of recycled plastic bottles, old scooter parts and
second hand appliances.
D. Health Benefits

The reduced harmful emissions will lead to better air quality, which is good for our health. EVs are
also producing much less noise compared to petrol/diesel-basedvehicles.
E. Safer

EVs have a low centre of gravity thereby making them less likely to capsize. They also have low
risk of fires and explosions. Their body construction gives them more durability hence making them
safer during collisions.

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1.3 Government Initiatives

➢ In 2015, the Government introduced a scheme called the Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of hybrid and Electric vehicles (FAME) in order to promote electric
vehicles.

➢ In 2015, the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan was drafted to achievefuel security
by expecting to achieve sales of electric and hybrid cars to reach six to seven million by
2020.

➢ State run firm Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) has appointed the nodal agency
to procure around 10,000 electric vehicles to replace existing government vehicles.

➢ The Karnataka State Government has approved a policy to promote research and
development in electric mobility making it mandatory to have charging points and pods in
all major cities of the state.

➢ The Maharashtra State Government waived off some taxes for Electric Vehicles ever since
it became India’s First State to have an Electric Mass Mobility System.

➢ India is obligated to bring down its share of global emissions by 2030 as a signatory to the
Paris Climate Agreement.

➢ The Government plans to setup lithium-ion battery making facility under supervision of
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).

➢ The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council has set a tax rate of 12% compared to 28% set
for petroleum based vehicles.

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17
 Literature review

Customer Perception and Awareness Towards

Electric Two-Wheelers: An Analysis in Pune
citySarthak Das
Manager-Marketing,
OmJay EV Limited (EeVe)., Bhubaneswar, India

Customer Perception and Awareness Towards Electric Two-Wheelers: An Analysis in Pune city
Sarthak Das Manager-Marketing, OmJay EV Limited (EeVe)., Bhubaneswar, India

Jin and Slowik (2017) analysed numerous methods of raising consumer awareness for electric vehicles
and proposed that more and more awareness programmes for electric vehicle customers are needed to
make the idea viable in the market. They alsomentioned that it is a good idea for all stakeholders to
collaborate and establish combined awareness initiatives with limited resources. It is recommended to
develop a long-term programme for reaching a wide variety of prospective clients; such programmes
with a wide range and the correct objective can build a good perception among potential electric scooter
buyers (Halvorson, 2015).

Kurani et al. (2009) proposed that in order to measure the success, efficiency, and viability of an electric
scooter awareness campaign, it is necessary to operate within aright Local environment and with
appropriate resources. Public events, exposure to electric scooters from the fleet, Regional Planning,
Consumer awareness programme, youth education and professional development, honours and
recognitions, tourism, and other methods of consumer awareness were recommended by Li, S. et al.
(2015). Many studies have been undertaken by researchers on consumer perception and awareness of
electric vehicles, including scooters and two-wheelers, but very few studies have been conducted in the
Indian context. As previously said, the local context is vitally crucial for understanding customer
perspective and awareness, thus there is a need to explore customer perception and awareness of electric
two-wheelersfor the Indian market.

Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: by Fanchao Liao, Eric

Molin & Bert van Wee

The widespread use of electric vehicles may help to alleviate issues such as pollution, global warming,
and oil reliance. EV penetration, on the other hand, is comparably low, despite governments' aggressive
promotion measures. They offereda thorough assessment of studies on consumer preferences for
electric vehicles in order to inform policymakers and guide future researc

18
They compared the economic and psychological perspectives on consumer desirefor electric
vehicles. Financial and technical characteristics of electric vehicles, including as their purchase and
running costs, driving range, charging time, vehicle performance, and brand variety on the market, are
all proven to have a substantial influence on their usefulness. The number of charging stations available
has a favourable impact on the utility and promotion of electric vehicles.
The impact of incentive policies, tax reduction is quite effective. (FanchaoLiao, 2017)

Electric Vehicles in India: Market Analysis with Consumer Perspective, Policies

and Issues: Pritam K. Gujarathi, Varsha A. Shah, Makarand M. Lokhande

The Indian scenario is unique in that the present market share of electric and plug-inhybrid vehicles is
under 0.1 percent. Almost all cars today rely on fossil fuels for propulsion. These damage the
atmosphere and contribute to global warming by emitting greenhouse gases. The disparity between
petroleum production and demand in the United States is increasing. India imports almost 70% of the
oil it needs each year. As a result, there is a pressing need to look at the elements and obstacles that
might lead to more sustainable and cleaner alternatives. Pritam K. Gujarathi (Pritam K. Gujarathi,
2018)

Perception and Awareness Level of Potential Customers towards Electric Cars:

Masurali.A, Surya P

In terms of carbon emissions, India accounts for around 18% of the total in the transport industry. One
of the most viable alternative answers to the issues is the electric vehicle (EV). Several automakers are
launching electric vehicles and diversifying their product lines. Promoting electric vehicles (EVs) may
help reduce fuel reliance and pollution, which is good for both customers and the country. People's
levels of awareness of EVs are substantially influenced by their education. Apart from manufacturers,
the government should make a concerted effort to raise awareness and generate favourable perceptions
among potential buyers.
Masurali.A (Masurali.A, 2018)

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 Research Methodology

4.1 INTRODUCTION
Methodology the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. Thus,
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY is a process used to collect information and data for the purpose of
making business decision. The role of this is to carry the research work in scientific and valid
manner. The methodology may include Publication research, interview, survey and other research
techniques and could include both present and historical information. Research procedure is of little
value unless they are properly used. The proper use of research will get the work done and should
we learn by the researcher.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To study trends in the ES market in India with major focus on market share ofdifferent
players and their marketing strategies.
2. To study various government schemes to promote ES in India/Gujarat
3. To compare ES Vs Fuel Scooter on various parameters.
4. To analyse factors affecting purchase decisions of ES Vs fuel scooter. (primarydata with
Questionnaire)
5. To study the purchase intention of ESs among the potential customers.(Primary data with
Questionnaire)

Methods of Research
There are two approaches to conduct research:
• Qualitative Approach
In Qualitative approach, the researcher analyses the objective and studies it based on a previous
case study or a grounded theory. Usually in routine business scenarios, this approach is used. Some
of the most popular qualitative research methods are Ethnographic, grounded theory, biological,
case study, and phenomenological.

• Quantitative Approach
On the other hand, this approach adopts experimental and computational methods. The conclusion
is derived after following the rigorous process of observation made from experimentation
performed on the object. Some of the most important quantitative techniques are inferential,
simulation and experimental.

• Methods of Collection of Data

While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study, the researcher should
keep in mind two types i.e.
1. Primary Data
2. Secondary Data
Primary and secondary data fall within the scope of statistics and can be used as part of a

20
research method.
The collected data may assist a company in measuring, assessing and discussingthe results of
data collection for whatever purposes the information is required. Thisis where the differences
between the two become relevant as some companies need a direct approach and therefore uses
primary data sources whereas others need previously collected information - that is, secondary data
- which they can apply to their own situation.
Sometimes both methods are used in research as companies want to measure their own responses
and previously generated responses from which a comparison can be made.

PRIMARY DATA
Primary data can be explained, therefore, as information collected from sources such as personal
interviews, questionnaires or surveys with a specific intention andon a specific subject, and
observation and discussion by the researcher him or herself,which information is then assessed by
that person. It is a direct approach and, as it is tailored to a company's particular needs, reveals
apparently, much-needed information to that company which started the research that is, the results
are used forthe purpose for which they were originally intended. It can be a lengthy process but
does provide first-hand information.
The main methods of primary data collection include:
• Questionnaires
• Interviews
• Observation
• Case studies
• Diaries
The primary data, which is generated by the above methods, may be qualitative in nature (usually in
the form of words) or Quantitative (usually in the form of numbers or where you can make counts
of words used). Brief outlines of these methods follow:

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Questionnaires
Questionnaires are a popular means of collecting data, but are difficult to design and often require many
rewrites before an acceptable questionnaire is produced.
1. Interviews
Interviewing is a technique that is primarily used to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons and
motivations for people’s attitudes, preferences or behaviour. Interviews can be undertaken on a personal
one-to-one basis or in a group. They can be conducted at work, at home, in the street or in a shopping
centre, or some other agreed location.
2. Observations
Observation involves recording the behavioural patterns of people, objects, and events in a systematic
manner.
3. Diaries
A diary is a way of gathering information about the way individuals spend their time on professional
activities. They are not about records of engagements or personal journals of thought! Diaries can
record either quantitative or qualitative data,and in management research can provide information about
work patterns and activities. They are commonly used in “Income and Expenditures Survey” also
known as “Consumer Expenditures Survey” and “Family Household Budget Survey.”Diaries are very
important because the respondents write down their expenses during a specified period of time (one
week or two -weeks) and then the enumerator (field researcher) meets with the family and retrieves the
diary so that the information can be transcribed or converted into data readable format.

SECONDARY DATA
Definition
When the data are collected by someone else for a purpose other than the researcher’s current project
and has already undergone the statistical analysis is calledas Secondary Data.
The secondary data are readily available from the other sources and as such, there are no specific
collection methods. The researcher can obtain data from the sources both internal and external to the
organization. The internal sources of secondary data are:

• Sales Report Financial Statements

• Customer details, like name, age, contact details, etc.
• Company information
• Reports and feedback from a dealer, retailer, and distributor
• Management information system

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There are several external sources from where the secondary data can be collected.
These are:

• Government censuses, like the population census, agriculture census, etc.

• Information from other government departments, like social security, tax records,etc.
• Business journals
• Social Books
• Business magazines
• Libraries
• Internet, where wide knowledge about different areas is easily available.

The secondary data can be both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data can be obtained through
newspapers, diaries, interviews, transcripts, etc., while the quantitative data can be obtained through a survey,
financial statements and statistics.One of the advantages of the secondary data is that it is easily available and
henceless time is required to gather all the relevant information. Also, it is less expensive than the primary data.
But however the data might not be specific to the researcher’s needs and at the same time is incomplete to reach a
conclusion. Also, the authenticity of the research results might be sceptical.

4.2 METHODOLOGY
The methodology adopted to achieve the project objective involved descriptive andexploratory research method.
The information required for fulfilling the objective of study was collected from primary as well as secondary
sources.

DATA COLLECTION
Primary data
The data was collected through survey method by way of distributing questionnaires to the customer on subject of
“Purchase Intension of Electric Scooter”.The questionnaire was carefully designed by taking into the parameters
of the study. SAMPLE SIZE. A sample size of 135 Candidates were chosen for the purpose of the study.
Secondary data
The data obtained for the study is also collected from internet, websites, and research papers etc.

23
 INTRODUCTION OF SPSS

❖ OVERVIEW OF SPSS
The abbreviation SPSS stands for Statistical Package for the Social Science.SPSS was first released in 1968 after
being developed by Norman H Nie and C Hadlai Hull. During a couple ofyears, number of versions of SPSS has
been released as SPSS 15.0.1-November 2006.

FUNCTIONS OF SPSS

DATA TRANSFORMATION -This technique is used to convert the format of data .After changing the data
type, it integrates same type of data in one place and itbecomes easy to manage it .You can insert the different
kinds of data into SPSS andit will change its structure as per the system specification and requirements .It
means that even if you change the operating system. SPSS still work on old data.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS -It is used to understand the relation between dependent and independent variable
that are stored in the data file. It also explainshow a change in the value of independent variable can effect the
dependent data.

ANOVA (Analysis of variance) -It is a statiscal approach to compare the events,groups or processes ,and
find out the difference between them. It can help you understand which method is more suitable for
executing a task. By looking at theresult , you can find the feasibility and effectiveness of the particular
method.

MANOVA(Multivariate analysis of variance) -This method is used to comparethe data of random

variables whose value is unknown. MANOVA technique can also be used to analyse different types of
population and what factors can effect their choices.

T-tests-It is used to understand the difference between two sample types ,and researchers apply this method to
find out the difference in the interest of two kinds of groups. This test can also understand if the produced output
is meaningless oruseful.

BENEFITS OF SPSS

1. Information about each measurement is in one row.

2. Students can import data from other sources ,when data is organised as a databaseincluding excel.

3. Comprehensive data management tools. The most critical part of any data analysis is the initial data
entry. If you enter the data the wrong way, you won’t be able to analyse it properly.While you can use a wide
range of options for data entry
,often entering the data into IBM SPSS is the best choice IBM SPSS offers a simplest spreadsheet format for
data entry that is intuitive and east to start with
24
.More importantly,IBM SPSS provides a broad range of data documentation (espically value lables) that will
help you to ensure consistency in your data entry.

4. Excellent graphical display options .Before you start your data analysis you need to understand how your
data behaves.This is best done graphically.IBM SPSSprovides scatterplots.boxplots,and histogram that helps
you to see patterns in your data . You shouldn’t published public findings based solely on an intuitive
interpretation of graphics of course rather these graphics will provide you with a general framework for
understanding your data.

5. A broad range of statistical models. Often you will not know at the start of a research project what
statistical models wold be best suited for your particular project. Sometimes you will have a general idea ,but
often the statistical model willchange as you start examining your data. Or you will want to run an alternate
analysis as a quality check for the originally planned analysis. IBM SPSS offers a broad range of highly
flexible statistical models most notably the general linear model and a variety of logistics regression
models.This allow you to have a single program that will meet almost all your data analysis is needs.

6. An easy to learn menu driven interface. Many of the competing statistical software programs such as R,
SAS, and run primarly as a programming language .

While a programming language offers some important advantages ,it takes muchlonger to learn . Furthermore,
the complexity often discourage you from trying a new and different approach.

LIMITATIONS OF SPSS

• Does not support structural equation Modelling(by and large an extensionmethod of regression
models based on covariance matrix)
• Does not allows for simultaneous estimation of regression parameters andassociates between
independent (preditor) variables.
• Does not provide model fit indices to evaluate how well data is represented.
• Does not allow including latent traits without building composite scores orextracting factor
regression scores.

25
 Questionnaire

Questionnaire for Purchase intention of Electric scooter:

Name:-
What is your current city?

Age
18-24,
25–34,
35–44,
45–54,
55–64,
65+ and not mansion

Gender
Male
Female
Decline to say

Monthly Household Income

<INR 50,000
INR 50,000–100,000
INR 100,000–150,000
INR 150,000–200,000
>INR 200,000

1. Do you own any Electric Scooter?Yes

No

2. Have you ever driven an electric scooter?Yes,

an electric scooter
Yes, a hybrid scooterNo

3. Are you environmental conscious?

Yes, always
May be
No

4. What are the benefits of owing any electric scooter?

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 Economical
Environment friendly
High performance Less
maintenance Don't know
I don't think there are benefits

5. Do you have a plan to buy an electric scooter in near future?Yes

No
Don't know

6. What do you think the drawbacks of electric scooter?Initial

cost
Time to charge battery
Less number of models
Unavailability of charging stations
Distance travel for one full charge
Battery replacement cost
Don't know about electric scootersI
don't think there are drawbacks

7. Do you prefer a hybrid scooter (use both electricity and fuel) or electric scooter?Hybrid
scooter
Electric scooter

8. Which of the following would you prefer the most if electrical modal isavailable?
Car Bike
Scooter
Rickshaws
Skateboard

9. What percentage more would you pay for a new electric scooter with sameperformance of a
gasoline scooter?
0%
Up to 10%
Up to 20%
Up to 30%
Up to 50%

10. Would you like to convert your scooter to all electric scooters?Yes
No
Didn't think about it

11. Should the Government provide incentives to buy electric scooter?Yes

No May

27
be

12. Do you think electric scooter surpass gasoline scooter in near future?Yes, in 10 years
Yes, in 25 years
Yes, in 50 yearsNot
at all

13. If you own an electric scooter, how fast the battery should get fully charged?Less than 1 hour
Less than 2 hoursLess
than 3 hoursLess than
5 hoursOvernight

14. Which one would you select if you get the following options?Reduce the
initial cost of the vehicle
Reduce the charging time
Improve the range
Make charging stations available everywhereMore
number of models

15. Do you think Electric scooters are economical?Yes

No
Don't know

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INTERPRETATION- The Respondants are 34% Female And 66% Male

Age
N %
10- 44 88.0%
20
20- 6 12.0%
30

29
30
Have you ever driven an electric scooter?

INTERPRETATION-The respondents are mostly driven electric scooter

Do you prefer a hybrid scooter (use both electricity and fuel) or electric scooter?

INTERPRETATION-The respondents are mostly prefer hybrid scooter

31
 Results and Findings

When we asked people Are Electric Scooters light in weight?, 80+people find electric
scooters are light in weight, then we asked them are the electric scooter fun and relaxing in
driving, 60 finds electric scooter are fun in driving as calculated in frequency data bar.

When we asked people that electric scooters are affordable, 80 people agree that electric
scooter is affordable, while petrol prices are increasing day byday.

When people were asked that are government incentives useful, 68 people agree to that
government incentives are useful.

When we asked people are they satisfied with current charging station, 90 peoples are not
agree with that, when we asked them if charging stations are increased and there would be
battery swapping technology then will they buy, then 100 people were agree for more charging
stations and while 60 people are ready for battery swapping technology.

While asking people that can electric scooter protect environment from global warming,
70 people consider electric scooter can protect environment from global warming.

When we asked people for is warry about being fraud or getting malfunctioned, 60+
people are warry about the fraud and malfunction of electric scooter.

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 Refrences
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Online
Food Ordering System. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 1138–1143.

Ayush, B., Rubi, K., (2019). Satisfaction of consumers by using online foodservices.
International
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IJHSS), 8(June), 35–44.To
Udupi City. Cviii, 93–98.

Chavan, V., Jadhav, (2015). Implementing Customizable Online Food OrderingSystem

Using Web
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Dugar M. (n.d.), Zomato Marketing Strategy – What makes Zomato the Best,
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Gupta T. (2020). Winning Strategies - A Case Study on Zomato’s DigitalMarketing Strategy,
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Harshleen Kaur Sethi. (2017). Product and Brand Strategy of Zomato*.International Journal
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Karthika, I., & Manojanaranjani, A. (2018). A Study on the various foodordering apps
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Lan, H., Ya, L. I., & Shuhua, W. (2016). Improvement of Online Food DeliveryService Based
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