Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1. The standard enthalpy of formation of CH3NHNH2, CO2 and H2O are +53 kJ mol-1, -393 kJ mol-1 and
-286 kJ mol-1 respectively. The standard enthalpy change for the following reaction is -5116 kJ.
4 CH3NHNH2 (l) + 5 N2O4 (l) → 4 CO2 (g) + 12 H2O (l) + 9 N2 (g)
What is the standard enthalpy of formation of N2O4?
A - 20 kJ mol-1 B - 100 kJ mol-1 C + 20 kJ mol-1 D + 100 kJ mol-1

2. The standard enthalpies of formation of CaCO3 and BaCO3 are - 1206.9 kJ mol-1 and -1218.8 kJ mol-1
respectively. Which statement explains the differences in these values?
A The ionisation energy of Ca is higher than that of Ba.
B The enthalpy of atomisation of Ca is lower than that of Ba.
C The hydration energy of Ca2+ ion is higher than that of Ba2+ ion.
D The lattice energy of BaCO3 is higher than that of CaCO3.

3 The energy cycle for sodium bromide is shown below.

H1 NaBr (aq)
Na (s) + 1/2 Br2 (l)

H2
NaBr (s) H4
H3
+ -
Na (g) + Br (g) Na (g) + Br (g)

Which enthalpy change represents the enthalpy of solution of sodium bromide?

A H1 B H2 C H3 D H4

4 The standard reduction potentials of several half-cell reactions are given below.
Half cell reaction E° / V
3+
Al (aq) + 3 e- Al (s) - 1.66
2+
Cu (aq) + 2 e- Cu (s) + 0.34
Ag+ (aq) + e- Ag (s) + 0.80
-
Br2 (aq) + 2 e- 2 Br (aq) + 1.07
Which statement deduced from the above data is not true?
A Al is the strongest reducing agent. B A13+ ion can be reduced by Br- ion.
C Cu can be oxidised by Br2 or Ag+ ion. D Br2 is a stronger oxidising agent than Cu2+ ion.

5 The standard reduction potentials for three electrode reactions are given below.
Half cell reaction E° / V
2+
Cu (aq) + 2 e- Cu (s) + 0.34
+ 2+
MnO2 (s) + 4H (aq) + 2 e- Mn (aq) + 2 H2O (1) + 1.23
Br2 (aq) + 2 e- 2 Br- (aq) + 1.07

What can be deduced from the above data?

A Mn2+ ion is a stronger reducing agent than Br- ion.
B Cu is deposited when aqueous solutions of Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions are added together.
C The cell diagram for the oxidation of Cu by 2 is Cu (s) | Cu2+ (aq) | | Br2 (aq) , Br- (aq) | Pt(s).
D The reaction between MnO2 and Br- ion does not occur spontaneously under standard conditions.
6 An electrochemical cell is shown below.

The value of the standard reduction potentials, E°, for both half-cells are
Half cell reaction E° / V
3+ 2+
Y (aq) + e- Y (s) + 0.77
X2+ (aq) + 2 e- X (s) + 0.34

and the Nernst equation is

0.059
E  E0  lg Q ; where Q is the reaction quotient
n
If a reducing agent Z is added to beaker II, the graph representing the change in the e.m.f. of the cell is

7 The experimental set-up for the anodisation of aluminium is shown below.

Aluminium Carbon

Dilute sulphuric acid

The purpose of the process is to

A purify aluminium B increase the mass of aluminium
C polish the surface of aluminium D form a thicker oxide layer on aluminium
8 The first ionisation energy generally increases across a period in the Periodic Table. Which statement
explains why the first ionisation energy of sulphur is lower than that of phosphorus?
A The electrons in the p orbitals of sulphur experience greater electrostatic repulsion than phosphorus.
B The sulphur atom has more electrons than phosphorus atom.
C The S-S bond is weaker than the P-P bond.
D The size of S8 molecule is bigger than P4 molecule.

9 Elements X, Y and Z are located in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. The reactivity of these elements
towards oxygen is shown in the table below.
Element Reactivity towards oxygen
X Does not react
Y Reacts slowly
Z Reacts vigorously
The arrangement of the elements according to the ascending order of their proton number is
A. X, Y, Z B. X, Z, Y C. Z, X, Y D. Z, Y, X

10 Which oxide of an element dissolves in water to form an acidic solution?

A Sodium B Magnesium C Silicon D Phosphorus

11 Be(OH)2 decomposes to BeO when heated to 138°C. Which statement explains why Be(OH)2 decomposes at
such a temperature?
A Be2+ ion is small. B Be2+ ion has high charge density.
C The O-H bond in Be(OH)2 is polar. D BeO is a covalent compound.

12 A thermally stable liquid, MCl4, reacts with water to form a solution of low pH value. Which statement about
M or its oxides is true?
A MO is an acidic oxide. B MO exists as simple molecules.
C MO2 is a reducing agent. D M is a good electrical conductor.

13 The halogens are important chemicals in our daily lives. Which statement about Cl2, Br2 and I2 is true?
A The halogens can act as both oxidising and reducing agents.
B The strength of the van der Waals forces increases from Cl2 to I2.
C Cl2, Br2 and I2 are formed when their respective halides react with concentrated H2SO4.
D Cl2, Br2 and I2 react vigorously with hydrogen gas in the presence of ultraviolet light.

14 Chlorine gas is bubbled into a concentrated solution of aqueous sodium hydroxide. The equations for the
reactions are as follows:
Cl2 + 2 NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H2O
3 NaClO → 2 NaCl + NaClO3
Which statement about the reactions is correct?
A One mole of Cl2 forms one mole of NaClO3.
B The anions formed are weak conjugate bases.
C The oxidation states of Cl changes from 0 to -1 ; +1 and +5.
D The final reaction is fast at room temperature.

15 Transition elements formed coloured ions as a result of d-d transitions. The probable electronic configuration
of a coloured ion is
A 1s22s22p63s23p6 B 1s22s22p63s23p63d1
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 D 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
 Section B [ 15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
16 The cell diagram for an electrochemical cell with a standard cell potential of + 0.77 V is shown below.
Pt (s) | H2 (g) | HCl (aq) || FeCl3 (aq), FeCl2 (aq) | Pt(s)
(a) Write the equation for the reaction at the anode. [1]
......................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the standard electrode potential of the following half-cell reaction:
Fe3+ (aq) + e- → Fe2+ (aq) [2]

(c) Write the electronic configuration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. [2]
2+ 3+
Fe ion:............................................................... Fe ion:..............................................................
(d) Based on your answer in (b) and (c), explain which is more stable between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. [2]
..................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................

17 (a) Anhydrous beryllium chloride has polimeric structure in the solid state. In the vapour state, it forms dimer
at 405 °C and monomer at 900 °C. Draw the structures for the monomer and dimer of beryllium chloride. [2]

Monomer Dimer

(b) All the chlorides of Group 2 elements of the Periodic Table are ionic compounds except beryllium chloride.
Explain why beryllium chloride is an exception. [3]
................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................................
(c) Beryllium shows a diagonal relationship to aluminium in Group 13 of the Periodic Table. Write chemical
formulae of the beryllium compound and aluminium compound which resemble each other, and state their
property. [3]

Beryllium compound Aluminium compound Acid-base property

 Section C [30 marks]
Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) i. Define the standard enthalpy of formation of magnesium carbonate. [2]

ii. State Hess's law. [2]
(b) In an experiment, 0.500 g of magnesium metal was dissolved in an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid in a
calorimeter. The calorimeter recorded a temperature rise of 23.3 °C. The total heat capacity of the calorimeter and
its contents is 410 J 0C-1. Calculate the heat released in the experiment, and determine the standard enthalpy of
reaction between magnesium metal and dilute hydrochloric acid. [4]
(c) In another experiment, magnesium carbonate was reacted with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid. The standard
enthalpy of reaction between magnesium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid was found to have a value of
-25.5 kJ mol-1. Using the result obtained in (b), determine the standard enthalpy of formation of magnesium
carbonate, Hf° (MgCO3), given that the standard enthalpy of formation of CO2 and H2O are - 394.0 kJ mol-1 and
-286.0 kJ mol-1 respectively. [4]
(d) The standard enthalpy of formation of barium carbonate, Hf° (BaCO3), is -1219.0 kJ mol-1. Compare the thermal
stability of barium carbonate with magnesium carbonate. Explain your answer. [3]

19 (a) Discuss the acid-base properties of the oxides of Group 14 elements of the Periodic Table. Write equations of the
reactions involved. [10]
(b) Tin is extracted from the mineral cassiterite which is mostly tin(IV) oxide. Reduction of the purified tin(IV) oxide
with coke is carried out in a furnace at 1200 °C.
i. Calculate the percentage purity of a sample of cassiterite if 300 g of tin metal is extracted from 1.0 kg of
cassiterite. [4]
ii. Tin is a component of many useful alloys. State one use of tin alloy. [1]

20 (a) A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine are kept in a closed flask at a constant temperature and is irradiated with light.
After some time, the chlorine content decreases by 20%. The composition by volume of the resultant mixture are
60% of chlorine, 10% of hydrogen and 30% of hydrogen chloride. Calculate the composition of the initial
gaseous mixture. [4]
(b) Describe the manufacture of hydrogen and chlorine from saturated brine using diaphragm cell. [5]
(c) Explain why bromine and iodine can be industrially produced from the reactions of their halide salts in
concentrated sulphuric acid but not chlorine. [6]