Fórmulas de reducción

1 𝑛−1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑛 𝑛
1 𝑛−1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛−2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 , 𝑛 ≠ 0
𝑛 𝑛
1 𝑛−2
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛−2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑛−1 𝑛−1
1 𝑛−2
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛−2 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛−2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑛−1 𝑛−1
Otras integrales
1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑚𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 = [𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑥] + 𝐶
2
1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = − cos(𝑎𝑥 ) + 𝐶
𝑎
1
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 = − cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝐶
𝑎
𝑎 𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) = − acos ( ) + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑎
𝑎 𝑥
∫ cos ( ) = asen ( ) + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑎
Fórmulas de notación sigma
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
∑𝑖 =
2
𝑖=1

𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
∑ 𝑖2 =
2
𝑖=1

𝑛 2
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
∑ 𝑖3 = [ ]
2
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(6𝑛 3 + 9𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 1)
∑ 𝑖4 =
30
𝑖=1

Regla del trapecio

𝑏
∆𝑥
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 2𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 2𝑓 (𝑥2 ) … + 2𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 )]
𝑎 2

𝑏−𝑎
𝛥𝑥 = ; 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖 ∙ ∆𝑥
𝑛
Regla de Simpson
𝑏
∆𝑥
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ≈ [𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + 4𝑓 (𝑥1 ) + 2𝑓 (𝑥2 ) … + 2𝑓(𝑥𝑛−2 ) + 4𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑛 )]
𝑎 3
 SUPER HOJA

Potencia 𝑥 Completar cuadrado

𝐿𝑛 ( ) = 𝐿𝑛𝑥 − 𝐿𝑛𝑦
𝑦 𝑏 2 𝑏 2
1 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = (𝑥 + ) + 𝑐 − ( )
𝑎−𝑛 = 2 2
𝑎𝑛 𝐿𝑛(𝑥𝑦) = 𝐿𝑛𝑥 + 𝐿𝑛𝑦
𝑎𝑚 ∗ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 Trigonometría
𝐿𝑛𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛𝐿𝑛𝑥
𝑎𝑚 𝐿𝑛(𝑒 𝑛 ) = 𝑛
= 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑎
𝑒 𝐿𝑛(𝑛) = 𝑛 sen 𝜃 = =
(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚∗𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑐
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑁 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑦𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑏
(𝑎 ∗ 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 ∗ 𝑏 𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁 = cos 𝜃 = =
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑐

𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝐿𝑛𝑁 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑎

( ) = 𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁 = tan 𝜃 = =
𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑦𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑏
𝑏 𝑏 𝐿𝑛𝑏
𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑦𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑏
𝑎 −𝑛 𝑏 𝑛 Polinomio cot 𝜃 = =
( ) =( ) 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑎
𝑏 𝑎
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑐
= + + sec 𝜃 = =
Radicación 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑦𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑏

𝑛
√𝑎 = 𝑏 ⟺ 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑟(𝑥) ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑐
= 𝑞(𝑥) + 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = =
𝑚 𝑝(𝑥) 𝑝(𝑥) 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑎
𝑛
𝑎 𝑛 = √𝑎𝑚
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 Identidades trigonométricas
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
√𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = √𝑎 ∗ √𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝟐 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑚 𝑛
√ √𝑎 = 𝑚∗𝑛
√𝑎 (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝟐 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

𝑛
(𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝟐 𝜃
𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
√ =𝑛 (𝑥 − 𝑦)3 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1
𝑏 √𝑏
𝑛 𝑛 𝑚 Factorización 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃 − 1
√𝑎𝑚 = ( √𝑎 )
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 ≥ 0
√𝑎𝑛 = |𝑎| = {
−𝑎 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 < 0 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 + 1
Logaritmación 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 cot 2 𝜃 = csc 2 𝜃 − 1
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑁 ⟺ 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑁 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
csc 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃 = 1
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑥𝑦) = 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 + 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = (𝑥 + 𝑚)(𝑥 + 𝑛) 1 1
Donde m+n=b & m*n=c 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃
𝑥
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( ) = 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 ) 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ; 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 𝑛−1 − 𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑦 +
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑛(𝑛−3) 𝑦 2 − ⋯ − 𝑥𝑦 𝑛−2 + 𝑦 𝑛−1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑏 𝑛 ) =𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑥 𝑛−2 𝑦 +
𝑛(𝑛−3) 𝑦 2 + ⋯ + 𝑥𝑦 𝑛−2 + 𝑦 𝑛−1
𝑏 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑏(𝑛) = 𝑛
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝑁 = 𝑛 ⟺ 10𝑛 = 𝑁 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 =
2𝑎
𝐿𝑛 𝑁 = 𝑛 ⟺ 𝑒 𝑛 = 𝑁

MIGUEL ANGEL POLO CASTAÑEDA. WHATSAPP: +573003859853

 Derivadas 𝑎𝑥 ∫ 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos 𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑘=0 ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝐿𝑛𝑎
𝑢=1 ∫ 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑥 − ln √1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 ∗ 𝑢′
∫ 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cot 𝑥 + ln √1 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
1 𝑛𝑢′
𝑛 = − 𝑛+1 ∫ sen 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 1 1
𝑢 𝑢 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 − sen 2𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢′ 2 4
√𝑢 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sen 𝑥 + 𝐶 1 1
2√𝑢 2
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + sen 2𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢′ 2 4
𝑛
√𝑢 = 𝑛 𝑛−1 ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝐿𝑛| cos 𝑥| + 𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛+1 𝑥
𝑛
𝑛 √𝑢 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 sen 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝑐
𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑢′ 𝑒 𝑢 ∫ 𝑐𝑡𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥| + 𝐶 𝑛+1
sen(𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑥 sen(𝑚 − 𝑛)
𝑎𝑢 = 𝑢′ 𝑎𝑢 𝐿𝑛𝑎 ∫ sen 𝑚𝑥 sen 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −
2(𝑚 + 𝑛)
+
2(𝑚 − 𝑛)
u′ ∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛|sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥| + 𝐶 ∫ sen 𝑚𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −
cos(𝑚 + 𝑛)𝑥 cos(𝑚 − 𝑛)
−
Ln|u| = 2(𝑚 + 𝑛) 2(𝑚 − 𝑛)
u 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛+1 𝑥
𝑢′ ∫ csc 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐿𝑛|csc 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑥| + 𝐶 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑢 = 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑒 𝑛+1
𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 = 𝑢′ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶 ∫ 𝑥 sen 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sen 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 = −𝑢′ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 = 𝑢′ sec 2 𝑢 ∫ csc 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑡𝑔 𝑥 + 𝐶 ∫ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 + 𝑥 sen 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑢 = −𝑢′ csc 2 𝑢 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 = 𝑢′ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶 ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑢 = −𝑢′ cscu ∗ 𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑢 𝑎
𝑎𝑥
∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑏
𝑢′ ∫ 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑎 ln 𝑏
√1 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑢′ ∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sen + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 (𝑎𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐
arccos 𝑢 = − √𝑎2
− 𝑥2 𝑎 𝑎
√1 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑛 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑛
𝑢′ ∫ 2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan + 𝑐 ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
arctan 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
1 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥−𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑏𝑎𝑥 𝑎 ln 𝑏 𝑏𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 = ln | |+𝑐 ∫ =− + ∫
𝑢 + 𝑣 − 𝑥 = 𝑢′ + 𝑣 ′ − 𝑥 ′ 𝑥 − 𝑎 2 2𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎
𝑥𝑛 (𝑛 − 1)𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑛 − 1 𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑢𝑥 = 𝑢′ 𝑥 + 𝑢𝑥 ′ 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑎+𝑥 ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥 ′ ∫ 2 = ln | |+𝑐
= 𝑎 − 𝑥 2 2𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑥 ln 𝑥 1
𝑥 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥 ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛−1 ⌈ −
𝑛 + 1 (𝑛 + 1)2
⌉+𝑐
Integrales ∫ = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec + 𝑐
𝑥√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ln 𝑥 1 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥
∫ = ln (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2 ) + 𝐶 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 2+ 𝑎 2 ∫ = ln(ln 𝑥) + 𝑐
∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝐶 ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒙 𝟐
𝒂 𝒙
= √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝐬𝐞𝐜 + 𝒄
𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂 𝑏
𝑥 𝑛+1 ∫ √𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒙 𝒂𝟐
= √𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 + 𝐥𝐧 (𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 ) + 𝑪
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥)⟧𝑏𝑎 = 𝐹(𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎)
∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 𝒂 𝟐 𝑎
𝑛+1
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sen 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
∫ = 𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑥

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