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A Review on Smart Traffic Management System

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012090 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012090

A Review on Smart Traffic Management System

P Indhiradevi1, P Saravanakumar2, R Varsha3, S Shahithya3, S Naveen Prabhu3

1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Road and Transport
Technology, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
3
Under Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
[email protected]

Abstract. Traffic congestion could be a condition in transport where it has huge crowds, slows the
speed of vehicles and even it increases the vehicular lengths. Traffic congestion on city road
networks has increased rapidly, since the 1950s. When the traffic demand is great then the
interaction between the vehicles reduces the speed of the traffic and finally results in traffic
congestion. To overcome such circumstances in present scenario, smart traffic management system
can be initiated and we are in study to find a solution to make traffic free city. This system helps in
monitoring the traffic signals and flow of vehicles by means of image processing with CCTV
cameras. CCTV cameras help in image processing and identifying the number of vehicles passing
in the road surface. It helps in abating the traffic congestion in the road and fuel consumption of the
automobiles. Sensors are used for detecting the number of vehicles and speed. By coordinating the
CCTV cameras and sensors the collected information can be sent to Variable Message Sign (VMS)
Boards. This board displays the information regarding traffic to the road users. It helps in diverting
and altering the roads at the earliest where the waiting time is reduced. Though the waiting time is
reduced, fuel is consumed automatically. Therefore, reduction in the fuel consumption helps to
control the air pollution. By creating the control system and detecting the problems faced in the
road, traffic congestion can be reduced and provide traffic free environment. As we face rapid
growth of our country’s population, smart traffic management system provides people to have
smooth transportation network which would find a way to reach their destination soon and make
their journey better forever.

Keywords: Traffic congestion, image processing, CCTV cameras, sensors and Variable Message
Signs (VMS) Boards

1. Introduction

Traffic congestion plays vital role in day-to-day life. It is the situation where huge crowd of vehicles takes
place due to improper traffic rules and also by the accidents on the road. It is mainly caused due to
increased population [1]. It has been a serious problem in many cities that people have to face it daily.

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012090 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012090

Since, it has to be faced daily, and people will be affected psychologically. It also results negatively in
work, education and personal life of people. Wastage of fuel and time occur regularly due to traffic
congestion. This increases stress and often leads to frustration due to delay in their regular professional
activity. Blowing of horns constantly leads to noise pollution.

To overcome this, we have a study in Smart Traffic Management System, it is centrally-controlled traffic
signals and sensors control the traffic flow rate throughout the area. For monitoring purpose, CCTV
cameras are fixed to notice the movement of the vehicles in the road. With the support of CCTV cameras,
image processing can be done successfully. Image processing provides the detailed information about
number of vehicles passing in the road [2]. This helps to monitor the vehicles properly without any delay.
The processed image is sent to Variable Message Sign (VMS) Boards through sensor. The road users will
be able to identify the path which is traffic free and can change the route. If it is done, it helps in abating
the traffic congestion in the road which results in fuel consumption as it is a serious complication at
present. As the fuel consumption is reduced, accordingly it controls the air pollution which comes up with
sustainable environment.

2. Scope & Objective Of Project

The main objective of this project is to reduce the traffic congestion by increasing the traffic flow. This
can be done by controlling and monitoring of the traffic.

a) Image processing helps in reducing the stopping time in the road.

b) It helps in regulating the movement of the vehicles by reducing traffic density.

In this project, we have a study of managing and controlling the traffic by means of CCTV cameras.

3. Selection Of Location:

Traffic in Annur, Coimbatore is heavy in peak hours due to congested roads. This affects the passengers
by increasing the travelling time. Due to increase in travelling time, passengers may be affected
psychologically and it creates stress full life [3]. It results in health issue further. To overcome this, we
have undergone a study in smart traffic management system to increase the road efficiency by decreasing
traffic flow.

We have selected Annur, because it is a four-junction road. It connects National Highway (NH 209)
Coimbatore to Sathyamangalam, State Highway (SH 80) Mettupalayam to Avinashi therefore it results in
heavy traffic though it is a narrow road. In order to reduce this, CCTV cameras are fixed at every main
road to monitor the vehicles. This helps in image processing so that controlling and monitoring can be
done easily [4].

4. Study Of Literature:

Literature review is done for traffic management system using control system, SCAT and SCOT,
Raspberry Pi, TRANSYT and VISSIM micro-simulation software.

In Cambridge kingdom town, for smart traffic management system they need used 3 parts like traffic
lights, queue detectors and system [5]. The detectors inform that the transport system concerning the flow
of traffic for each second, a model of universe conditions is used by the system to see if it would be
beneficial to change the section of any of the lights on a regular basis. If arriving Flow management is

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012090 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012090

employed, the outmost sets of traffic lights on blood vessel or radial roads serve a
special operate and square measure referred to as management points. The software package has been
developed over many years and is now used in many European cities, including Cambridge, to coordinate
traffic signals, generally to give buses priority.

According to [6], in past days the employment of fixed time traffic signal and vehicle motivated traffic
signal is high. Now a day’s many other techniques are used to optimize delay and to control traffic flow,
adaptive traffic signal controllers are one of them to optimize Traffic signal, different types of algorithms
are used to make best adaptive traffic signal controllers, different types of algorithms are highlights.
By mistreatment TRANSYT traffic modelling software package for locating the best fixed-time
signal arrange associate degreed VISSIM micro-simulation software package to declare and estimate the
TRANSYT model and to assist appraise the best signal arrange; build an accommodative frame
signal arrange and refined and evaluated the plan mistreatment VISSIM with VS-PLUS person. Through
microsimulation, it may be terminated that delay within the accommodative signal management
was shriveled than that within the mounted time management.

[7], aims to induce higher of hold up caused by ineffective traffic management systems
that ar obsolete and work on a pre-de-fined tally. These ancient systems allot timings regardless of the
particular density in traffic on a particular road thereby inflicting giant red lightweight delays. The system
planned ensures traffic lights answer real time values of traffic, thereby permitting correct management of
your time and resources. so as try and this, initial reason the density of traffic that is found employing
a combination of unbearable sensors and image process techniques? This data is given by a Raspberry
Pi, that successively controls the light indicators. additionally, to it, the data that's collected is distributed
to the cloud, and might be accustomed monitor traffic flow at periodic intervals. just in
case of device system failure, the values keep within the cloud will be useful in predicting the density of
traffic supported long run periodic analysis.

According [8], Traffic congestion may be the worst of the scenarios seen in the cities. With rapid
development, increasing population and demand for innovative services managing a city’s transportation
network is a complex challenge. Hence, traffic congestion on main roads tends to numerous problems
such as transportation delays, accidents and air pollution. The cities need to come up with new strategies
and technologies with the aim to reduce traffic congestion. Various techniques have been implemented to
control traffic. However, Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) is an effective solution for
traffic management that showed potential for reducing traffic congestion on road networks. ATMS is a
intensive area of research and study within the field of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Smart
cities that adopt ATMS solution have ability in solving traffic congestion problem by exploiting its
technologies [12].

The traffic congestion can be reduced by the usage of Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS),
where the problems recognized on the study route after collecting the data and carrying traffic volume
study, spot speed study and roadside interview. Traffic volume study done at the intersections paves way
to determine the volume/capacity ratio and roadside interview has taken on the study route gave a
suggestion about the actual traffic related problems. The capacity and level of service (LOS) of
intersection can be made better by introducing Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS). It can be
a successful system for reducing congestions on study route [9]. It can upgrade the traffic situation on the
highways by enhancing travelling safety, increasing the travelling mobility, enriching the system
efficiency and conserving the energy and protecting the environment.

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012090 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012090

5. Methodology

Annur road connects NH 209(Coimbatore to Sathyamangalam) and SH 80(Mettupalayam to Avinashi)

where it experiences a heavy traffic at the peak hour. It delays the travelling time. Since it doesn’t have
traffic signals for the four junction roads, the presence of traffic police is always in need. In order to
reduce this, we have made a study on traffic volume, speed, origin and destination and parking. Origin and
Destination are conducted to understand the pattern of movement of persons and goods at particular area
during particular time. Parking study is done for estimating the amount of vehicles that can be parked in
particular area. By considering the area available, parking method has to be fixed [15].

After making the study, analysis of collected traffic data should be done for the process to be carried. The
analysis of traffic data helps in identifying the location for placing CCTV cameras, sensors and Variable
Message Sign (VMS) Boards [14]. CCTV cameras are used for capturing the image of vehicles passing in
that particular road. Inductive Loop sensors can be used for determining the speed, distance and number of
vehicles [10]. Variable Message Sign Boards are used to indicate and inform about real time situation in
road and traffic conditions. With the help of information gathered from CCTV cameras and sensors, image
processing can be done. The information regarding traffic collected from the image processing is then
displayed on VMS boards which would help road users to find their best and alternative routes for quick
journey.

NH 209 is highly congested as the road is narrow when compared to another National Highway. The
fixing of CCTV cameras and sensors should be noted carefully [11]. Sensors and CCTV cameras are fixed
at either side of the road. In North and South direction of NH 209, both sensors and CCTV cameras are
fixed and monitored continuously. Accordingly [13], in SH 80 sensors and CCTV cameras are fixed at
both North and South direction. This process helps in detecting the number of vehicles passing in that
particular road during particular time. By providing the proper instruction, road users can be able to adapt
their feasible road. As a result, this makes a way to reduce traffic in that particular area by preferring
alternate routes. Since it is a cost effective this would be sustainable for society. This ensures time saving
for the road users which grant us peaceful journey as well as stress free life forever. Figure 1 shows the
view of national highway.

Figure 1. View of National Highway

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ICCMES 2021 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012090 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012090

6. Conclusion

After successful installation of this system, traffic volume is reduced about 16% in NH 209 Coimbatore to
Sathyamangalam. Better results can be obtained by widening the road in future which would be more
effective. The traffic in SH 80 is also declined by 20.5% as compared to early cases. This process is
carried out in particular area of Annur town as the traffic is very heavy in peak hours at morning and
evening. Initiating this process in every place where traffic congestion is heavy and the road is narrow
gives better result in monitoring and controlling of the traffic in cost effective way. It mainly results in
fuel consumption which will enrich our economy.

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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1145 (2021) 012090 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012090

[14] Balasaraswathi, M., Srinivasan, K., Udayakumar, L., Sivasakthiselvan, S. and Sumithra, M.G.,
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