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INTRODUCTION
making.
paper has risen by 400% in the last 40 years with 35% of harvested trees
being used for paper manufacture. These numbers are rising extremely fast
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Accordingly this study, “Saba ( ) Peelings
saba peelings especially in banana cue stands while producing paper that is
This study aimed to test the organic paper made out of Saba peelings
Specific Objectives
Hypothesis
texture.
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Significance of the Study
material in making paper will provide more information about it which can be
used for future researches. For students, it can be a help to them for
expenses for its is budget friendly. It is also safer for children because it is
made from organic materials. While for teachers it also cheaper for them and
environmental friendly, they can also make their own paper made from saba
material in making paper, this study is limited to using only saba peelings as
different departments and 15 students from different grade levels. The goal of
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The material, saba peeling and the amount in each treatment are the
independent variables while the results of the test for durability, texture and
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined
Banana peel is the skin of the banana especially when it is stripped off
thickening agent, in making corn syrup and sugars, and in the manufacture of
(Tutorialspoint.com).
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Flour is a product consisting of finely milled wheat (Merriam-Webster
Dictionary).
the paper.
(ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
In this study, it refers to the species of Banana peeling that used in the
study
Printability test the test to tell the state or condition of being printable,
In this study, it refers to the test that includes writing on the paper that
Water the liquid that descends from the clouds as rain, forms streams,
lakes, and seas, and is a major constituent of all living matter and that when
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pure is an odorless, tasteless, very slightly compressible liquid oxide of
hydrogen H2O which appears bluish in thick layers, freezes at 0° C and boils
In this study, it refers to the liquid used to soak and boil the banana
peeling.
In this study, it was used to drain the slurry of fiber and water and
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CHAPTER II
Banana fibre is a natural fibre with high strength, which can be blended
easily with cotton fibre or synthetic fibre to produce composite material. In the
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paper, extracted banana fiber (EBF) and waste banana fiber (WBF) were
content and longer fiber length. Pulping of EBF and WBF was carried out with
varying active alkali and cooking time at boiling temperature. Pulp yield of
WBF was 35.9% after 120 min of cooking with 8% alkali charge The tensile,
burst and tear indices of WBF were much lower as compared to EBF. These
values however, meet the requirement for handmade paper. Arafat, K.,
, (2), 83
production. Banana fiber was used with sugarcane bagasse and wastepaper
to produce paper in 20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20 ratios. Banana and
sugarcane bagasse were chemically 1.5 h. The mean thickness of the papers
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were 0.263 ± 0.04 mm. 100% banana paper and 100% bagasse paper
showed nearly similar water absorbency (2.15 s and 2.17 s) and were 2.25
times more than paper from 100% wastepaper. Highest tensile index was
evidenced by banana paper. Highest bursting index was from banana paper
, (5), 4298-4306.
is the most well-known and useful plants in the world. Almost all the parts of
this plant, that are fruits, leaves, flower bud, trunk and pseudo stem can be
utilized. This chapter deals with the fiber extracted from the pseudo stem of
pseudo-stem fiber; retting; and degumming of the fiber. It also deals with the
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antibacterial properties, Several potential applications of this fiber are also
mentioned, such as the use of this fiber to fabricate rope, place mats, paper
cardoard, string thread, tea bag, high quality textile materials, absorbent
applications.
Natural fibres of plant and animal origin have been explored vastly over
the last two decades and are gaining importance over synthetic counterparts
banana, coir, sisal, jute, kenaf and many others have been studied for
banana is one of the most consumed fruit worldwide with annual production
of 115.7 million tonnes in the year 2018 and is grown in 130 countries, which
makes banana waste available locally. Various parts of banana plant such as
fruit, fruit peel, flower bud, leaves and pseudo-stem (banana trunk) are
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banana waste biomass and yields good quality fibre that has the potential for
industrial applications in the making of sanitary pads, textiles, pulp and paper,
which can cut the usage of single usage plastic. This review outlines various
banana fibre and its applications. Balda, S., Sharma, A., Capalash, N., &
eco-friendly applications. , ,
1389-1401.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
this study.
Research Design
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This study used experimental research design to evaluate if Banana
peelings can be a good raw material in paper making and the results vary
Materials/Equipment
The following materials and equipment used in the study were banana
used, 250g of Saba peelings, 2000ml of water used in boiling, 150ml of water
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used in blending, 50g of flour, and 50g of cornstarch. Lastly, Treatment C,
375g of Saba peelings, 2000ml of water used in boiling, 150ml of water used
Procedure
cue stand. Then, they washed the collected peels to remove dirt. After that
minutes using 150ml of water. After blending, 50g of cornstarch and 50g of
flour were added, then it was transferred into the wooden deckle to mold into
paper. Then, the researchers waited for it to dry and prepared it for testing.
The same process was done for treatment B using 250g of Saba
For the Durability Test the respondents teared the paper and
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For the Printability Test the respondents wrote on the Paper and
For the Texture Test, the respondents felt the surface of the Paper and
corresponding tables.
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CHAPTER IV
This chapter contains all the results and interpretations of the data
In this study Saba peelings were used as Raw Material in Making Paper.
It was proven that Saba Peelings can also be useful and usable by
using it as raw material in making paper. The procedure was easy and the
The tables below shows the results of the Durability Test, Printability
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Treatment X1 X2 X3 X12 X22 X32
∑X = 17.763
∑X2 = 36.19599
Where:
K – number of columns
r – number of rows
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∑Xc – the sum of third column
RESPONDENTS Legend:
Treatment
A B C
1 2 1–2 easy to tear1
2 1 1 1
3 1 2–2 quite difficult
1 to tear
4 2 3 1
5 1 3–1 hard to tear1
6 2 3 1
7 3 1 2
8 2 3 1
9 1 1 1
10 2 3 1
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11 3 2 1
12 1 1 1
13 2 3 1
14 2 1 1
15 3 2 1
16 1 2 1
17 2 1 2
18 1 2 3
19 2 1 3
20 1 1 2
21 2 1 3
22 2 1 3
23 3 2 1
24 3 2 1
25 1 1 1
26 2 2 1
27 3 2 1
28 1 2 3
29 1 1 1
30 1 1 1
MEAN 1.8 1.7 1.433
evaluation of the product were 30. They determined that while Treatment A
RESPONDENTS Treatment
Legend:
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3 – print is visible and clear
A B C
1 2 3 1
2 3 2 2
3 2 3 1
4 2 3 2
5 3 2 1
6 2 3 1
7 2 3 2
8 2 3 1
9 2 3 1
10 3 2 1
11 3 3 2
12 2 2 2
13 3 3 2
14 2 2 2
15 3 3 2
16 3 3 2
17 3 2 2
18 3 2 1
19 2 3 2
20 3 2 2
21 3 3 2
22 2 3 1
23 2 3 1
24 2 3 3
25 1 3 2
26 2 1 3
27 3 2 2
28 3 2 3
29 3 2 1
30 3 3 2
MEAN 2.466667 2.566667 1.733333
part in the evaluation of the product. They determined that Treatments A and
B both have visible prints, while Treatment C has a slightly visible print.
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Table 5. Results of Texture Test
Legend:
1 – rough
2 – slightly rough
3 – smooth
RESPONDENTS Treatment
A B C
1 3 2 1
2 3 2 2
3 2 3 1
4 1 2 3
5 3 3 2
6 2 1 3
7 3 1 2
8 3 2 1
9 3 2 1
10 2 3 1
11 1 2 1
12 2 3 1
13 2 2 1
14 2 3 1
15 3 3 3
16 2 2 2
17 1 2 3
18 3 2 1
19 2 3 3
20 1 2 3
21 1 2 3
22 1 2 1
23 2 1 3
24 2 1 3
25 1 2 3
26 3 2 1
27 2 2 1
28 3 2 1
20
29 3 2 1
30 2 3 1
MEAN 2.133333 2.133333 1.8
Treatments A and B have the same texture while Treatment C has the
roughest.
TSS = 1.137759
Sum of Squares
Between Column
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SSb = 1r (4.9332 + 6.772 + 6.062) - 17.76329
SSb = 0.572089
Within Column
SSw = 0.805501
df
total df = rk – 1
total df = (3)(3) – 1
total df = 8
dfb = k – 1
dfb = 3 – 1
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dfb = 2
dfw = 8 – 2
dfw = 6
Between Column
MSSb = SSb/dfb
MSSb = 0.5720892
MSSb = 0.2860445
Within Column
MSSw = SSw/dfw
MSSw = 0.805531/6
MSSw = 0.8055316
MSSw = 0.134255
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Table 6. ANOVA on the Three Sample of Treatments
F – Test Formula
F – Test = MSSbMSSw
F = 0.28604450.134255
F – Test = 2.13061
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minimize the time expended when computing and testing more than two
samples.
The rule of thumb says that if the computed value is less than the
Since the computed value, 2.13061, is less than the tabular value, 5.14,
making paper.
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CHAPTER V
This consists of three (3) parts; the summary, conclusions, and the
study and the results. The conclusion states the assumptions observed or
taken from the results of the study. Ultimately, the recommendations suggest
Summary
Specifically, this study aimed to find out if Organic paper can be made from
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prepared with different concentrations. Treatment A has 125g of saba
peelings 50g of flour, and 50g of cornstarch. Treatment B has 250g of Saba
peelings 50g of flour, and 50g of cornstarch. Treatment C has 375g of Saba
the computed value, 2.13061, is less than the tabular value, 5.14, so the
making paper.
Conclusion
Based on study, it was proven that Saba peelings can be used as raw
level of significance, the computed value, 2.13061, is less than the tabular
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Based on major findings, there is no significant difference between the
Recommendations
Based on the results and conclusion drawn from these, the researchers
Use under ripe banana peels as they contain more fiber than ripe ones.
APPENDIX A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Online Sources:
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Arafat, K., Nayeem, J., Quadery, A. H., Quaiyyum, M. A., & Jahan, M.
Balda, S., Sharma, A., Capalash, N., & Sharma, P. (2021). Banana fibre:
4298-4306.
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APPENDIX B
DOCUMENTATION
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Figure 3. Blending of Saba Figure 4. Saba peelings after
peelings blending
APPEN
DIX C
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
completed
information
2023
for experiment
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6. Making the table May 21, 2023 May 22,
2023
24, 2023
2023
2023
22, 2023
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APPENDIX D
CURRICULUM VITAE
Master Teacher II
Banate, Iloilo
PERSONAL DATA
Email: asbrasileñ[email protected]
Religion: Baptist
Nationality: Filipino
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary 1976-1982
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Valedictorian
Banate, Iloilo
Salutatorian
Cum Laude
– 1996
44 units earned
– 2002
De La Salle University
34
Taft Avenue, Malate
Manila, Philippines
Full Fledged
2005
University of Iloilo
Iloilo City
27 units earned
EMPLOYMENT
1993
Banate, Iloilo
2000
Banate, Iloilo
Master Teacher I
2009
35
Banate, Iloilo
Master Teacher II
Present
Banate, Iloilo
AWARDS RECEIVED
– 1997
Division of Iloilo
2006
Division of Iloilo
2011
Division of Iloilo
CURRICULUM VITAE
Master Teacher I
36
Banate, Iloilo
PERSONAL DATA
Email: [email protected]
Nationality: Filipino
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary 1980-1986
Valedictorian
37
Central Philippine University
Post Graduate
– 2005
University of Iloilo
Iloilo City
33 units earned
– 2015
Full Fledged
EMPLOYMENT
– 2010
Banate, Iloilo
– 2015
38
Banate, Iloilo
– 2022
Banate, Iloilo
Present
Banate, Iloilo
39
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Email: [email protected]
Age: 16
Gender: Male
40
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary
2019
Secondary
– 2023
Banate, Iloilo
With Honors
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Email: [email protected]
Age: 15
41
Date of Birth: July 10, 2007
Gender: Male
Religion: IFI
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary
2019
With Honors
Secondary
– 2023
Banate, Iloilo
With Honors
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
42
Cellphone No.: 09638082743
Email: [email protected]
Age: 16
Gender: Male
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary
2019
With Honors
Secondary
– 2023
Banate, Iloilo
With Honors
43