Volume IV: Case Studies

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1. Case Study I

1.1 Outline of Case Study I (Recyclables Collection)

The outline of the Case study I is summarized in the table below.

Table 1.1.1 Outline of Case Study I

Title of the Study Recyclables Collection Case Study
Study Period 6 months (July to December 2007)
Study Area ▪ Residential area: Gawad Kalinga Pinagsama Villages (Western
Bicutan, Taguig), Bgy. UP Campus (Quezon City)
▪ Office building: Benpres Building (Bgy. San Antonio, Pasig City),
Commission on Human Rights (Bgy. UP Campus, Quezon City)
▪ Commercial establishment: SM City Sta. Mesa Food Court (Bgy.
Santol, Quezon City)
▪ School: New Era High School (Bgy. New Era, Quezon City)
Target Awareness raising: communities, business establishments (private /
stakeholders public), and schools
Collection/recycling: collection/transportation agents, dealers, and
industries utilizing recyclable materials
Target recyclables Papers, Plastics (general types of plastics), Metals (tin and aluminum
cans), and Glass
Purpose of the (1) Analysis on the impact/result of the proper segregation practice among
Case Studies the target parties through awareness raising activities using the
materials developed under the study.
(2) Review and assess the possibility of developing ‘segregation at source/
collection/ recycling system’ in urban areas.
Main activities (1) Identification of actual recyclable collection practices in the study
areas.
Identify amount of collected recyclables, which will be used as the
base line data in the study areas.
(2) Development of educational / publicity materials for awareness
raising.
Develop “educational / publicity materials” to promote proper
segregation of recyclable materials for target communities, business
establishments, and schools.
(3) Conduct awareness raising activities using the educational/publicity
materials developed.
By using the educational / publicity materials developed, carry out
awareness raising activities for ‘proper segregation’ for communities,
business establishments, and schools in the study areas.
(4) Development of a recyclables collection plan based upon ‘waste
segregation at source” in the study areas.
Develop and review the recyclables collection plan, and determine the
‘methods of waste segregation at source’, ‘collection methods’, and
‘recycling methods or finding final user of the material’.
(5) Implementation of the recyclables collection plan.
Based upon the recyclables collection plan developed, carry out
recyclables materials collection. Record the cost and/or volume of
collection / transportation / processing. Data will be used for analysis
/ evaluation of possibility of development of the recycling system.
Duration of this activity is 3 months.

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 (6) Analysis and evaluation of the recyclables collection activity.
Based on the data collected, compare and evaluate the waste
segregation practices or recyclable materials collected from the target
entities before and after the awareness raising activities.
Furthermore, analyze and evaluate the conditions, issues, and/or
economic feasibility of the recycling system.
Expected (1) Proper waste segregation at source will be promoted through
Outcomes awareness raising.
(2) Conditions and feasibility of recycling system development in urban
area will be identified.
Other information When implementing the case study, obtain cooperation from industrial
associations that include TWG members in each recyclable material type,
as well as barangays and LGUs.

1.2 Recyclables Collection in Gawad Kalinga Pinagsama

1.2.1 Current Conditions and Issues
(1) Site profile

Gawad Kalinga (hereinafter referred to as GK) is the NPO whose mission is to provide dignity and
peace for every Filipino through providing land for the landless, homes for the homeless, and food
for the hungry. GK has been coordinating the development of Pinagsama Villages; beneficiaries
(those who are going to move in the new houses constructed by the GK projects) and volunteers
have been engaged in the construction work for the village development. Residents of the GK
Pinagsama Village are expected to move into the new houses from the middle of August 2007.
Residents of the GK Pinagsama Village are considered as low-income households, and their
surrounding area is resided by middle-income households. The site profile is summarized in Table
1.2.1, and some pictures representing the site are shown below.

Table 1.2.1 Profile of Gawad Kalinga Pinagsama

Location Western Bicutan, Taguig
Size 58 households distributed in two adjacent villages (Poveda and
Fuji Xerox, named after the sponsors)
Community organization GK Pinagsama caretaker is assigned.
Reasons for being selected • Community organization is present (easy to organize
as case study site activities).
• It is highly replicable for other GK sites.
• Manageable size.
• Families are just starting to move in (no existing waste
segregation / recyclables collection system).
• Low-income area (the other site for residential areas is
classified as middle-income).

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 Construction of the Housing Planned Area for Composting

(Storage Space for Recyclables)

Common Space for Four Households Planned Area for Recyclable Storage Facility

Typical house in which a prospective resident is River next to the site (covered with plastic bags)
currently living

(2) Waste Management Practices

Waste management practices in the GK Pinagsama Village as of August 2007 are summarized in
Table 1.2.2.

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 Table 1.2.2 Waste Management in GK Pinagsama Village before the Case Study
Recyclables • Prospective residents may generate tin cans and glass bottles
Volume/Characteristics (but not PET bottles).
• Volunteers or visitors bring in a lot of PET bottles
Solid Waste Management • The municipal government collects household wastes
irregularly.
• Since squatters do not use trashcans, they put garbage in a
plastic bag and tend to throw it into the nearby river, which
is consequently filled with plastic bags (see the picture
above).
• There is no existing MRF in the village, but one
composting area and a small recyclable storage facility
(RSF) are to be established.
• There is no internal system for recyclables collection
(because residents have just moved in), but each of four
households (one unit) is expected to take turns weekly to
bring their recyclables to the RSF to be established in the
village.

1.2.2 Needs Assessment

The needs of GK Pinagsama Village in the field of solid waste management were identified at the
focus group discussions as follows:

a. GK leaders mainly just want to have a livable environment free of litter.

b. GK leaders admit that their knowledge on waste segregation is limited, and that it is
not yet a standard practice in their villages.

c. They want a program that is easily replicable, is aesthetically pleasing, and promotes
values such as cooperation with one’s neighbors, etc.

d. They wish to have centralized collection and selling of recyclables that the community
would be able to benefit from.

e. They want assistance in establishing their composting facility.

f. As for the garbage in the creek beside the villages, they do not see this as something
they could address because they identify that the source of the solid waste is from
upstream sources.

1.2.3 Recyclables Collection Plan

(1) Expected Outcomes and Activities

Based on the above needs assessment, expected outcomes and corresponding activities are planned
as in the following table.

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 Table 1.2.3 Expected Outcomes and Activities in GK Pinagsama Village
Expected Outcome Activity
The GK Pinagsama • Provide the residents with one waste segregation frame
residents are conducting including a pail for food wastes and hooks for bags to
waste segregation at a contain dry wastes (recyclables and residuals) per 4
household level housing units.
• Provide the residents with a poster indicating proper waste
segregation per 4 housing units, integrated in the frame.
• Give the residents instructions on proper waste
management.
• Provide the residents with a handbook on solid waste
management (management of recyclables).
The GK Pinagsama Village • Confirm the construction of a recyclable storage facility
has a facility to store (RSF) with the GK caretakers.
segregated recyclables at a • Provide the GK Pinagsama Village with a weighing scale
community level and cabinets for waste paper storage.
• Put posters reminding the residents of places for each
type of recyclables in RSF.

Wastes in GK Pinagsama will be handled as follows:

Table 1.2.4 Ways to Handle Wastes at GK Pinagsama Village by Waste Type

Biodegradable
Type of Solid
Kitchen Waste Waste Recyclables Residuals
Waste
(leaves, plants)
Compostables Residuals
Intermediate
container in - - container in
Container
common area common area
Person
Responsible
for placing Assigned
Assigned collector Household Household
waste in Collector
correct
container
Schedule of Daily; and Daily; and
Immediately as Immediately as
Intermediate immediately as immediately as
needed needed
Collection needed needed
Municipal
residuals waste
End truck; future
Compost pit near Compost pit near Recyclables
Destination of proposed
creek creek storage area
Solid Waste community
residual bin
(locked)
Person
Responsible
Assigned
for Transfer of Assigned collector Household Household
collector
Waste to End
Destination
To be coordinated
Schedule of with GK Upon arrival of
Daily Daily
End Collection administration for Municipal Truck
selling to junkshop

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 (2) Structure for Implementation

The solid waste management committee, which is based on the existing GK Kapitbahayan or
the neighborhood association, implements the segregation/collection of recyclables. The solid
waste management committee has the structure as shown in Figure 1.2.1. The Regional
Director and the Project Director, also known as Caretakers, are members of Couples for Christ,
while the Kapitbahayan President and the Bayanihan Action Team (BAT) are from the
beneficiaries or residents. The Regional Director will serve as the Solid Waste Management
Committee Head. The Project Directors will be the coordinators of each of the villages, and
they will be assisted by their respective Kapitbahayan Presidents. The BAT leaders will be the
coordinator to the residents; each BAT handles 5-7 households.

The set-up of the houses of the GK Pinagsama Village is that four houses or a cluster share a
common area which is use for laundry. The segregation bins will be placed within the
common areas. As participation for the residents, an “Assigned Collector” will be selected
every week and will be responsible for the segregation bins. The assignment will be in
rotation so that each household will participate. The Aviary / RSF Caretaker will also be in
rotation and shall be in-charge of the Aviary and Recyclables Storage Facility.

Dolphy Lanuza
Regional Director Metro Manila East

Daniel Ogatis Romualdo Rodriguez

Project Director Poveda Project Director Fuji Xerox

Elsa Arboleda Josephine Collamar

Kapitbahayan President Kapitbahayan President

Merfina Mary Ann Therese Merfina Melinda

Cofuentes Reyes Laguiawan Cofuentes Fapon
BAT Leader BAT Leader BAT Leader BAT Leader BAT Leader

Residents Residents

Note: BAT: Bayanihan (Cooperation) Action Team

Poveda and Fuji Xerox: Sponsors to GK Pinagsama

Figure 1.2.1 Implementation Structure in GK Pinagsama Village

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1.2.4 Achievement
(1) Implementation Schedule

The abovementioned activities were implemented by the following schedule.

Table 1.2.5 Activity Schedule in GK Pinagsama Village

Schedule Activities
• Finish Solid Waste Management and Collection Plan
23-29 Sep. 2007 proposals, and discuss with key persons for approval
• Finished construction of Recyclables Storage Facility
• Design, procurement and preparation of IEC materials and
30 Sep.-14 Oct. 2007
infrastructure
21-27 Oct. 2007 • Approval of a prototype waste segregation bins
Nov. 3, 2007 • Delivery of cabinets for RSF
• Training of residents regarding proper waste segregation via
segregation activity (game) during the launching
• Installation of waste segregation frames and posters
Nov. 5, 2007 • House to house visits
• Implementation of Solid Waste Management and Collection
Plan in GK Pinagsama Village
• Start of monitoring.
05-17 Nov. 2007 until • Monitoring
the end of December • Documentation

(2) IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed

The IEC materials and equipment distributed are summarized in Table 1.2.6.

Table 1.2.6 IEC materials and Equipment Distributed in GK Pinagsama Village

Container / IEC No. of
Area Notes
Material Units
Includes a kitchen waste pail and
Waste segregation
Common area of the 20 hooks for garbage bags,
frame
cluster (4 housing recyclables net bag
units) Poster on waste Part of the waste segregation
20
segregation frame
Paper cabinet (papers,
Recyclables Storage 2 One shelf per village
newspapers, cartons)
Facility Sacks (for other
(Located at Poveda 7
recyclables)
Village)
Weighing Scale 1
Poveda and Fuji Xerox
Program poster 2
Village offices

(3) Outcomes

All the residents have moved into the new houses by the end of November 2007. Each of the
four units has been provided with a segregation frame with a pale for food waste and hooks for
bags (see the picture “Waste Segregation Frame with Poster” below). The community has

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established a recyclable storage facility (RSF) in their premises, and each household takes turn
to transferring the recyclables from the unit courtyard to the RSF every week. Although there
is a plan to compost organic wastes generated from the residents in the community, and the
composting box has already been constructed, actual composting has not started. The organic
waste has not been collected for composting but disposed separately from residual waste for
municipal waste collection.

Completed Housing Completed Housing

Focus Group Discussion Recyclables Storage Facility

Waste Segregation Frame with Poster Composting Box under Construction

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 Cans, Bottles,
Plastic cups

Plastic film

Posters and Cabinets in RSF Recyclables Collection Bags in the RSF

The following Table 1.2.7 shows the breakdown of the various types of recyclables that the GK
community sold. These covered a period of 4 months and were sold thrice to the junkshop located
beside the creek. However, most of the recyclables are still in the MRF and have yet to be weighed,
waiting for bulk selling. Some residents were also observed to sell their recyclables directly to the
junkshop, which is not part of the GK policy, but some BAT leaders allow it since they know that
some households are in dire need of added income. Note that the prices of the junkshop sometimes
varied throughout the course of the 4-month period.

Table 1.2.7 Volume and Value of Recyclables Collected at GK Pinagsama Village

during the Case Study (in 4 months)
Item Weight (kg) Unit Price (PhP/ kg) Value (PhP)
Cartons 32.75 3-4 32.00
PET 8 21.25 170.00
HDPE "Sibak" 3.75 16.00 216.80
Tin cans 11 3-4 42.00
Bottles (lump) 143 - 158.00
Shards "bubog" 10.75 - 6.34

1.3 Recyclables Collection in UP Bliss

1.3.1 Current Conditions and Issues
(1) Site Profile

UP Bliss is one of the housings for those who work at the University of the Philippines. UP Bliss is
composed of 11 residential buildings, and one of them is selected as the case study site. Each
building has one janitor who collects household waste every day. The site profile is summarized in
Table 1.3.1, and some pictures representing the site are shown below.

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 Table 1.3.1 Profile of UP Bliss
Location Building 8, Pook Sikatuna BLISS, Brgy. UP Campus, Quezon City
Size 11 housing complexes (32 households in four floors per one
building)
Community • There are two Pooks (community unit under Barangay) in
organization Brgy. UP Campus. One is Sikatuna Bliss (middle-income
area) in which the case study site is located, and the other is
Libis (low-income area), in which Pook level MRF is located.
Reasons for being • Since one of the targeted residential areas is low-income (GK
selected as case Pinagsama), middle-income target site was appropriate.
study site • Among the 11 residential buildings, a janitor at the targeted
building is the only one who recovers recyclables.
• Building 8 is where the Barangay Coordinator for UP Bliss
was residing and it was recommended for ease of
coordination.
• Manageable size, volume and area.
• The experiences in this site can be replicated in other
Buildings of the Sikatuna BLISS apartment-type housing.

UP BLISS Housing Complex Waste Cart on the Hallway

Carts Used for Waste Collection Sorted Recyclables at BLISS MRF

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 Pile of un-recyclable Waste at BLISS MRF Segregated Recyclables at Barangay MRF

(2) Waste Management Practices

Waste management practices in the UP Bliss as of August 2007 are summarized in Table 1.3.2.

Table 1.3.2 Waste Management Practices in UP Bliss before the Case Study
Recyclables • Residents generate papers, PET bottles, aluminum cans and
Volume/Characteristics glass bottles.
• All the recyclables are mixed with biodegradable wastes and
other garbage in plastic bags.
• Roughly 2-3 small plastic bags per unit per day or one “kariton
(waste push cart)” per day
Solid Waste • There is one waste bin (cart) at the hallway on each floor
Management brought by the Eco-aide. Residents throw their garbage into
the waste bin or the Eco-aide goes up the floors to get their
garbage. The collector moves the waste bin to Libis MRF
(Pook level MRF) every day.
• Each household pays PhP40 of waste collection fee every
month. Half of the fee is paid to a collector, and the rest goes
to livelihood program of the people’s organization (SKPK) to
which they are members of; therefore, residents in UP Bliss
think that it is the collector that should segregate their wastes.
• The collector receives about PhP 1,200 for waste collection
every month. In addition, the collector of Building 8 earns
about PhP 4,000 to 5,000 per month for selling recyclables he
recovers from the waste bin and other parts of the premises.
This is not necessarily the case for the other collectors.
• There are two MRFs in Brgy UP Campus; one is MRF Libis
(Managed by the People’s Organization), and the other is the
Village A MRF (managed by the Barangay). About three
people are working at the Libis MRF as sorters, and five
people at the Village A MRF. The workers at the MRFs are
paid by the Barangay.
• The Libis MRF sells their recyclables to the Brgy level MRF.
Proceeds from the selling are divided in half; the amount
collected from the recyclables is not based on the weight but
by estimation by visual observation.

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 1.3.2 Needs Assessment
The needs of UP Bliss in the field of solid waste management were identified at the focus group
discussions as follows:

Stakeholder Needs
Barangay • Bgy. Captain wants to end the formation of a dumpsite within the
Libis MRF compound.
• The Libis MRF only accommodates solid waste from UP BLISS
and not from junkshops or the Libis community.
• Segregation at the household level.
People’s • The Libis MRF should be self-reliant in terms of management and
Organization recyclables trade.
(Sagisag ng • Eco-aides are to continue their collection from the BLISS
Kaalaman Para sa residents with the same collection fee as before.
Kaunlaran, or • Proceeds from recyclables selling be allotted partly for
SKPK) who manages maintenance of the Libis MRF aside from going to the 2 personnel
the Libis MRF and who sort the recyclables according to type.
Eco-aides • Education regarding the laws on solid waste management.
• Organizational strengthening (formalization, IDs, guidelines).
• Equipment and safety materials.
• Assistance in talking to the BLISS residents to segregate
biodegradable vs. non-biodegradable (some have mixed feelings
about the segregation according to biodegradable vs. recyclable
vs. residual because they feel that the recyclables will already be
sold by individuals from BLISS and thereby lessen their source of
livelihood).
Quezon City • Segregation at the household level according to biodegradable,
Environment recyclable and residuals.
Protection Waste • Residuals to be collected only on Tuesdays and Fridays, and will
Management be given directly to the trucks.
Department • No accumulation of residuals for more than 24 hours.
BLISS Residents • As long as their garbage is collected everyday they have no major
concern.
• Do not want to segregate because they pay collection fees.

After the FGDs were conducted, the Barangay Captain requested the deployment of trucks from the
QC EPWMD to haul the mounting garbage pile at the Libis MRF. Collection was to be temporarily
handled directly by the barangay, while collection by the Eco-aides would cease momentarily while
a new collection plan is to be drafted. These actions were done independently by the Barangay in
their prerogative and capacity as the local government unit head, and did not involve the case study
team. While this addressed the problem of the garbage heap in the Libis MRF, there were many
misinterpretations brought about by this action. These events occurred a month before the
scheduled barangay elections in late October 2007, and were used by political rivals to campaign
against the incumbent barangay captain. Conflicts arouse between the councilor currently handling
the Solid Waste Management Committee, the Barangay Coordinator for UP BLISS, the BLISS
homeowners’ association, and the SKPK. The Eco-aides interpreted it as an immediate threat to
their livelihood, because rumors have spread that the Libis MRF operations would be stopped
permanently. Because of these events, the case study team reassessed their strategy for the area and
focused on conflict resolution first between the barangay and the SKPK/ Libis MRF Eco-aides.

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The interventions now focused on organizational strengthening of the Eco-aides and equipping
SKPK more knowledge and skills on waste management. This was done by the case study team
together with the QC EPWD. Dialogues and IEC activities at the mid-income housing of UP
Sikatuna BLISS were then put on hold until after the elections and designation of possibly a new
SWMC head from the new barangay council.

1.3.3 Recyclables Collection Plan

(1) Expected Outcomes and Activities

Based on the above needs assessment, expected outcomes and corresponding activities are planned
as in the following table.

Table 1.3.3 Expected Outcomes and Activities in UP BLISS

Expected Outcome Activity
The Eco-aides (waste • Prepare a handbook on solid waste management and
collectors) are conducting health and safety risk.
safe waste collection and • Train the Eco-aides on safe and proper waste collection
segregation and segregation with the above handbook.
• Provide the Eco-aides with gloves and aprons.
The Libis MRF keeps • Provide the Libis MRF with a weighing scale, a
recyclables at good blackboard, and a storage crate for recyclables.
condition and records of • Train the representative of the People’s Organization to
recyclables sold keep records.
A system to monitor waste • Educate the Eco-aides on the importance of waste
segregation at source segregation at source.
(household level) is • Authorize the Eco-aides as a personnel to inform the UP
established BLISS residents of proper waste segregation.
• Formalize the Eco-aide organization by formulating
Guiding Rules & Regulations.

Wastes in UP Bliss will be handled as follows:

Table 1.3.4 Ways to Handle Wastes in UP Bliss

Biodegradable
Type of Solid Waste Kitchen Waste Waste Recyclables Residuals
(Leaves, plants)
Compostables
Intermediate container in
- -
Container kitchen area per
household
Person Responsible
for placing waste in Household Household Household Household
correct container
Schedule of Daily; and
Tuesdays and
Intermediate immediately as Daily Daily
Fridays only
Collection needed
Pig dealers/
Pig dealers/
compost pit at Recyclables QC EPWMD
End Destination of compost pit at
Libis or storage area at truck to
Solid Waste Barangay Village
Barangay Village Libis MRF dumpsite
A MRF
A MRF

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 Biodegradable
Type of Solid Waste Kitchen Waste Waste Recyclables Residuals
(Leaves, plants)
Person Responsible
for Transfer of
Eco-aides Eco-aides Eco-aides Eco-aides
Waste to End
Destination
Libis MRF will
sell directly to
Schedule of End accredited Tuesdays and
Daily Daily
Collection junkshop after Fridays
sorting and
weighing

(2) Structure for Implementation

The Organizational Chart for Implementation of Solid Waste Segregation and Collection Scheme is
shown Figure 1.3.1, wherein the Barangay Captain shall be the head of the organization. Various
stakeholders involved in solid waste management shall be represented. These include the Kagawad
for Solid Waste Management, Libis MRF Management, Eco-aide Representative, Bliss Coordinator
and the Representative from the Quezon City Environmental Protection and Waste Management
Department.

Barangay Captain

Councilor for Libis MRF Eco-aide BLISS QC EPWMD

Solid Waste
Management Management Representative Coordinator Representative

Figure 1.3.1 Implementation Structure in UP Bliss

1.3.4 Achievement
(1) Implementation Schedule

The above-mentioned activities were implemented as in the schedule below.

Table 1.3.5 Activity Schedule in UP Bliss

Schedule Activities
23-29 Sep. 2007 • Dialogues, conflict resolution and negotiations among
30 Sep.-14 Oct. 2007 Barangay Officials, Libis MRF, and QC EPWMD.
14-20 Oct. 2007
21-27 Oct. 2007
28 Oct. – 3 Nov. 2007 • Design, procurement and preparation of IEC materials.
(Barangay Elections)

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 Schedule Activities
• Organizational strengthening, rules and regulations
4-10 Nov. 2007 formalization.
• Start of monitoring of recyclables sold.
• Finalize Solid Waste Management and Recyclables
Collection Plan and Eco-aide Rules and Regulations, and
11-17 Nov. 2007
discuss with new barangay officials and QC EPWMD
• Dialogues with UP Sikatuna BLISS Management.
• Creation of logo, picture taking for Ids.
• Painting of pushcarts.
18-24 Nov. 2007
• Capacity training of Libis MRF Eco-aides regarding proper
recyclables sorting, weighing, and safety.
• Deployment of materials, safety gloves, weighing scale, and
25 Nov.- 1 Dec. 2007
blackboard.
02-09 December 2007 • Deployment of food waste pails.
• Year-end meeting.
• Recycling film showing.
Dec. 16, 2007 • Distribution of IDs.
• Meeting with UP BLISS Building Coordinators and
Barangay representatives.
06-12 Jan. • Deployment of aprons with SKPK logo.

(2) IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed

The IEC materials and equipment distributed in UP Bliss are summarized in Table 1.3.6.

Table 1.3.6 IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed in UP Bliss

Area Container / IEC Material No. of Units Notes
11 (1 per With Eco-aide in their
Kitchen waste pail
Per Sikatuna BLISS Eco-aide) collection cart
Building To be posted in
Poster on household wastes 11
common area
Storage crates 2
Blackboard for accounting, Libis MRF Eco-aides
signing out of pushcarts 1
and sorters
Libis MRF Weighing scale 1
Calculator 1
Paint and paint brushes for
pushcarts
Template for accounting
IDs for Eco-aides 11 pieces
Eco-aides and Aprons 11 pieces
sorter Rubber Gloves 13 pairs
Rubber Boots 2 pairs

(3) Outcomes

The Eco-aides started using gloves and aprons for waste collection. The Libis MRF started keeping
records (weight and price by type) of recyclables sold. All the Eco-aides have been given the ID
authorized by the Barangay Captain as personnel to monitor waste segregation at segregation level.

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Although it is not a part of the case study activities, the Barangay to which the UP BLISS belongs
has also started awareness raising activity for the promotion of waste segregation and recycling at
household level (see the picture “Awareness Raising Team” below).

Focus Group Discussion Focus Group Discussion

Storage for Recyclables Blackboard for Communication and Recording

Segregation of Recyclables at Libis MRF Bin for Food Waste

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 Composting Area for Garden Waste Improved Storage for Un-recyclable Waste

Waste Segregation/Recycling Awareness Raising Person Calling for the Community to Segregate
Team and Recycle Wastes (with Message)

The following table shows the volume and price of recyclables collected at Libis MRF and Barangay
MRF before the case study.

Table 1.3.7 Volume and Price of Recyclables Collected

at UP BLISS before the Case Study
At Libis MRF
Recyclable Volume*
Value**
(monthly collection)
White Paper 1 sack 6.00/ kg
Newspaper/ Colored 12 sacks 0.50 – 2.00/ kg
Cartons
Assorted waste paper 1 sack
Plastic PET 4 sacks 18 (dirty), 20 (clean)/ kg
Plastic hard 3 sacks 12/ kg
Aluminum Cans
Tin Cans 10 sacks 3/kg
Glass 0.50 – 3/ piece
* All recyclables gathered at Libis MRF given to larger MRF to sell; no weights measured.
** Prices based on personal knowledge of segregator.

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 The Libis MRF was able to sell their recyclables roughly every 3-4 weeks. All transactions
were properly documented, and the data are based on actual selling prices of the junkshops they
have done business with. The following table shows the breakdown of the different types of
recyclables collected by the Libis MRF.

Table 1.3.8 Volume and Price of Recyclables Collected at Libis MRF

during the Case Study
Unit Price Daily Avg.
Item Weight (kg) Revenue (PhP)
(PhP/ kg) (kg/day)
White paper 89.5 8.00 694.00 0.79
Newspaper 65.5 5.00 327.50 0.57
Cartons 423 4.00 1,692.00 3.71
Assorted paper 760 1.00 777.00 6.67
PET 56 18.00 1,008.00 0.49
HDPE "Sibak" 138.5 15.00 2,077.50 1.21
Plastic cups 77.5 10.00 775.00 0.68
Aluminum cans 5 55.00 275.00 0.04
Tin cans 462.5 5.00 2,312.50 4.06
Bottles (lump) - assorted pcs 342 142.40
Shards 161 0.50 80.50

1.4 Recyclables Collection in Benpres Building

1.4.1 Current Conditions and Issues
(1) Site Profile

Benpres Building is an office building with tenants related to Lopez Group including a TV network
and a power company. Some companies have their own canteens while there is a common canteen
on the 5th floor for the employees who work for the companies that do not have a canteen. The site
profile is summarized in Table 1.4.1, and some pictures representing the site are shown below.

Table 1.4.1 Profile of Benpres Building

Location Bgy. San Antonio, Pasig City
Size 700 employees
1 building, 6 floors (18,000 sq.m.), 22 offices
Management Administration office of Benpres Building is in charge of waste
organization management in the building. Each office (tenant) has one janitor,
and there are several janitors not associated with office (clean up
common areas).
Reasons for being • The management of the Benpres Building is very supportive of
selected as case study the case study.
site • Manageable size, volume and area.

418
 Overview of the Building Waste Bin for Segregation

Recyclables Sold to Junkshop Recyclables Stored at Junkshop

Bin for Recyclables at Canteen Kitchen Inside the Bin for Recyclables

(2) Waste Management Practices

Waste management practices in Benpres Building as of August 2007 are summarized as follows:

419
 Table 1.4.2 Waste Management in Benpres Building before the Case Study
Recyclables • Significant volume of used paper, some PET bottles and
Volume/Characteristics aluminum cans are generated.
• Recyclables are mixed with food residues in the offices.
Solid Waste • The building does not have a solid waste management plan.
Management • Janitors recover recyclables from waste bins in the offices,
store the recyclables in their storage for clean up tools, and
sell them to a junkshop who comes to the building every
week. The storage is too small to conduct sorting of
recyclables.
• Some offices order their janitors to store recyclables in the
basement storage of their office, and profits from selling the
recyclables go to the office administration.
• There is a communal canteen on the 5th floor. The canteen
workers sometimes take food waste back home for their pets.
Hard plastics, PET bottles, and aluminum cans generated in
the canteen are segregated in the kitchen and sold to a
junkshop by the canteen workers.
• There is a large waste bin separated into three cells with
different color lids (blue, yellow and red). This waste bin
was originally established for segregating recyclables,
biodegradable, and non-biodegradable, but it has not been
utilized yet (wastes are all mixed). This is partly because the
city garbage truck does not have separate rooms for
segregated wastes.
• Some offices already have their own waste segregation
schemes; however, this is not uniformly implemented in all
the offices.
• Many of the offices do not have waste bins for segregation
(wet and dry wastes are all mixed).

1.4.2 Needs Assessment

The needs of Benpres Building were identified during the focus group discussions as follows.
Major issue in the Benpres Building is to improve processing of recyclables, especially paper waste.

a. Major issue in the Benpres Building is to improve waste management efforts for recyclables,
especially for waste papers.

b. Building administration wants a centralized and daily collection/storage of the food-contact

recyclables to reduce pestilence.

c. Administration also wants safer storage of paper recyclables to reduce fire risk

d. Janitors also wish to have better segregation by office employees to reduce efforts in
segregation after collection from waste bins

420
 1.4.3 Recyclables Collection Plan
(1) Expected Outcomes and Activities

Based on the above needs assessment, expected outcomes and corresponding activities are planned
as in the following table.

Table 1.4.3 Expected Outcomes and Activities in Benpres Building

Expected Outcome Activity
Recyclables are recovered from • Issue a policy to promote waste segregation at the
waste bins with higher quality tenant offices from the Benpres Building
(not contacted with food waste) Administration.
• Put posters calling for waste segregation in the
offices.
Food leftovers are segregated • Same as above.
from recyclables and residuals • Provide office pantries with waste segregation bins.
at offices pantries
Recyclables are collected and • Hold meetings with janitors for the change of the
brought daily to common recyclables collection and storage practices.
storage areas • Activate the use of existing waste segregation bin in
the parking lot (for cans, plastic and glass bottles).
• Establish a storage for waste paper in the basement.
• For proper accounting of the “ownership” of these
recyclables, a representative of the junkshop would
be there daily to weigh record and monitor proper
sorting of said recyclables.

(2) Structure for Implementation

Within Benpres Building, the Benpres Building Administrator coordinates activities under the case
study with relevant stakeholders. Benpres Building Coordinating Committee (BBCC), which is an
existing organization of Benpres Building composed of representatives from different offices and
convenes on a monthly basis, coordinates with tenant offices. Southbend Janitorial Services
dispatch janitors to the tenant offices and coordinates with the junkshop. The cafeteria
concessionaires have their own contract with other junkshop for selling recyclables. Pasig
CENRO/SWMO is in charge of collection and treatment of household wastes and contracts out the
management to Ortigas Center Association, Inc. (OCAI). OCAI then contacts the Bagayawa
garbage collection trucks and schedules the collection within the Ortigas Center. Bagayawa is
under the larger IPM collection company servicing Pasig City.

421
 Ms. Ola Magno
Benpres Building Administrator
(under First Philippine Prime Holdings Corp.)
Pasig CENRO/
Pasig SWMO

Benpres Cafeteria Southbend

Building Concessionaires Janitorial Ortigas Center
Coordinating services Association, Inc.
Committee Head (OCAI)

Offices
Representative from Waste collector
Rodel “Makisig” (Bagayawa
Southbend Janitors junkshop Truck)

Figure 1.4.1 Implementation Structure in Benpres Building

1.4.4 Achievement
(1) Implementation Schedule

The abovementioned activities were implemented as in the schedule below.

Table 1.4.4 Activity Schedule in Benpres Building

Schedule Activities
• Finish Solid Waste Management and Collection Plan
5-9 Nov. 2007
proposals, and discuss with key persons for approval.
• Design, preparation, procurement and installation of IEC
materials and infrastructure.
12-16 Nov. 2007 • Presentation of SAGIP Environment, Pasig CENRO/
SWMO and OCAI to BBCC, and planning for launching of
program.
• Installation of kitchen waste pails and IEC posters for
offices.
• Training on proper waste segregation.
Nov. 28, 2007
• Implementation of Solid Waste Management and Collection
Plan in Benpres.
• Start of monitoring.
28 Nov. 2007 until end • Monitoring.
of December 2007 • Documentation.

(2) IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed

The IEC materials and equipment distributed in Benpres Building are summarized in Table 1.3.6.
In addition, Benpres Building has started utilizing the existing waste bin for segregation for the
original purpose and established a storage room for collected waste papers.

422
 Table 1.4.5 IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed in Benpres Building
Area Containers/IEC Materials Quantity Notes
Each tenant office IEC posters containing Total 24 One poster per
Communal canteen instructions about proper solid office
Elevator waste disposal
Pantries of tenant Plastic containers for leftover 11 One container per
offices food one pantry
Waste paper storage Segregation bin for paper with 1
in basement four compartments
Outdoor waste bins Tarpaulin labels for three 3
compartments (recyclables,
garden waste, and residuals)

(3) Outcomes

Benpres Building has adopted the following policy for solid waste management, and Benpres
Building Administrator has informed the tenant offices of the policy to follow.

1. No littering within and around the Benpres building.

2. Waste materials should be placed on their proper containers.
3. Waste materials should be segregated before disposal.
4. Drink containers (PET Bottles, aluminum cans) should be emptied in sinks before
disposal.
5. Paper should not be crumpled.
6. No smoking near the paper boxes or in the storage area.
7. Segregation bins should be secured against vandalism or damage.
8. Personal trashcans are encouraged to contain only residuals.

Quality of the recyclables recovered from waste bins after the start of the case study will be
evaluated later with the data on volume and value of the recyclables. Recyclable segregation bins
and food waste bins in the office pantries have been installed (see pictures below). Waste papers
are collected and brought to a junkshop every day; this works as a part of fire prevention. The
common storage areas for recyclables have been established (use of the existing waste bin has been
activated, and a storage for collected waste paper is newly established).

423
 Recyclable Segregation Bin at Office Pantry Food Waste Bin at Office Pantry

Poster in Office Use of Existing Waste Segregation Bin

Collected PET Bottles Collected Recyclables Weighed by Junkshop

The following table shows the volume and value of recyclables collected in Benpres Building before
the case study (one full week in May 2007).

424
 Table 1.4.6 Volume and Value of Recyclables at Benpres Building
before the Case Study
Recyclable Weight (kg) Unit Price (PhP/kg) Value (PhP) Daily Avg. (kg/d)
White paper 84 8.00 672.00 12.00
Newspaper 70 4.00 280.00 10.00
Cartons 58 2.00 116.00 8.29
Assorted paper 7 1.00 7.00 1.00
Shredded white 72 9.00 648.00 10.29
PET 4 15.00 60.00 0.57
HDPE 16 10.00 160.00 2.29
Aluminum cans 1.3 1 peso/pc 72.00
*Volume is calculated based on a weekly volume.

The following data were gathered in two separate selling periods, each covering seven days of
collection. While volumes did not vary significantly from those prior to the start of the case study,
it should be noted that the interventions for Benpres were more on improving the quality of the
recyclables being received, as well as having a communal storage area for paper and wet recyclables.

Table 1.4.7 Volume and Value of Recyclables Collected at Benpres Building

during the Case Study
Recyclable Weight (kg) Unit Price (PhP/kg) Value (PhP) Daily Ave. (kg/d)
White paper 60.5 8.00 484.00 8.64
Newspaper 40 4.00 160.00 5.71
Cartons 55.5 2.00 111.00 7.93
Assorted paper 34 1.00 34.00 4.86
Shredded white 12 9.00 108.00 1.71
PET 8.5 15.00 127.50 1.21
HDPE 4 10.00 40.00 0.57
Aluminum cans 3.69 1 peso/pc 203.00 0.53

1.5 Recyclables Collection in Commission on Human Rights

of the Philippines
1.5.1 Current Conditions and Issues
(1) Site Profile

Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines (hereinafter referred to as CHRP) is a government

organization and has its central office in Quezon City. CHRP building is located in Barangay UP
Campus, whose land is owned by the University of the Philippines. There is a junkshop within the
premises of the University; it has been collecting recyclables before the university was established.
The site profile is summarized in Table 1.5.1, and some pictures representing the site are shown
below.

425
 Table 1.5.1 Profile of Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines
Location Bgy. UP Campus, Quezon City
Size 270 employees
1 building, 3 floors, and 24 offices
Management General Services Division is in charge of waste management in
organization the CHRP building.
Reasons for being • The management of CHRP is supportive of the case study.
selected as case study • Location within the same barangay as one of the residential
site area study sites may give additional insights of dynamics at
LGU level.

Overview of the Building Outdoor Waste Bin

Collected Waste Recyclables Recovered from Waste

Recyclables in Storage Recyclables Sorted at Junkshop

426
 (2) Waste Management Practices

Waste management practices in the CHRP as of August 2007 are summarized as follows:

Table 1.5.2 Waste Management in Commission of Human Rights

Recyclables • Significant amount of waste paper is generated.
Volume/ • Recyclables are mixed with biodegradable or food wastes (no wet
Characteristics vs. dry waste segregation).
Solid Waste • There is no waste segregation practice in the office. Because
Management workers have lunch at their desks (there is no canteen in the CHRP
building), waste papers in the waste bin are soiled with food waste.
• The solid waste management plan has not been prepared yet.
• CHRP has a policy on the use of white paper (one-side unused
white paper which contains non-confidential information should be
collected and converted into memo-pads).
• Waste paper collected by janitors is stored in a janitor lounge where
fuel oil in a coke bottle is also stored. The janitor lounge does not
have enough space for properly storing and processing recyclables.
• The junkshop who buys recyclables from the janitors at the CHRP
building proposes that if the recyclables are processed, he will buy
them at higher price.
• Janitors are not so concerned about their health and safety during
their collecting recyclables.

1.5.2 Needs Assessment

The needs of CHRP in the field of solid waste management were identified during the focus
group discussions as follows:

a. The General Services Division wants to make their reuse policy for paper to be more
effective.

b. The General Services Division wishes to minimize littering by stray cats by managing their
kitchen waste.

c. Janitors wish the offices would segregate to reduce processing of the solid waste and
increase recyclables collection, especially paper that is contaminated with food waste.

1.5.3 Recyclables Collection Plan

(1) Expected Outcomes and Activities

Based on the above needs assessment, expected outcomes and corresponding activities are planned
as in the following table.

427
 Table 1.5.3 Expected Outcomes and Activities in Commission on Human Rights
Expected Outcome Activity
CHRP employees segregate • Develop a policy on solid waste management.
wastes according to the • Give the employees and the janitors instructions on waste
instructions segregation.
• Install segregation frames on each floor and waste paper
bins for each office.
• Take out individual trashcans from the offices.

Wastes in CHRP will be handled as follows:

Table 1.5.4 Ways to Handle Wastes in CHRP

White White paper Waste Recyclables
Yard waste
Type of Leftover paper (with paper (PET,
Newspaper Residuals (leaves and
Solid Waste Food (both sides confidential (Scratch, Aluminum
branches)
used) information) Cartons) Cans)
Food
Receptacles
White Newspaper Wastepaper Recyclables Residuals
Intermediate in office Shredder in
paper boxes Boxes in Boxes in Bin in Bin in
container then food office
in office office office corridor corridor
waste bin in
corridor
Person
responsible
Office employees (assistance from janitor
for placing Office Office Office Office
as needed when transferring contents to Janitor
waste in employees employees employees employees
wastepaper bin in corridor)
correct
container
Schedule of Daily; and
intermediate immediately Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily Daily
collection as needed
Pet Food
Garbage
Collector
Recyclables Recyclables Storage
(office
storage area storage area Facility; for
End employees);
(for (for eventual Yard;
destination Composting Recyclables Recyclables Recyclables
immediate immediate collection Composting
of solid area for storage area storage area storage area
sorting of sorting of by Area
waste spoiled,
recyclables recyclables EPWMD
inedible and
collected) collected) residuals
uncollected
waste truck
leftovers
Person
responsible
for transfer
Janitor
of waste to
end
destination
Schedule of Monday,
end Daily To be coordinated with junkshop Wednesday, NA
collection Friday

(2) Structure for Implementation

The waste segregation and recycling is implemented by the structure as indicated in Figure 1.5.1.
The General Service Division supervises the program. Representatives from each floor (floor
leaders) are responsible for the dissemination of information and education regarding the solid waste

428
management on their corresponding floors. Administrative officer is responsible for the
dissemination of information and education regarding the solid waste management within the
building to ensures that solid waste segregation and collection measures adopted for offices,
restrooms, and yard areas are effectively implemented in coordination with the floor leaders and the
maintenance supervisor.

General Service
Division

Floor Leaders Administrative Officer

Office Maintenance
Employees Supervisor

Maintenance
Personnel

Figure 1.5.1 Structure for Implementation in Commission

on Human Rights of the Philippines

1.5.4 Achievement
(1) Implementation Schedule

The above-mentioned activities were implemented as in the schedule below.

Table 1.5.5 Activity Schedule in Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines

Schedule Activities
• Finish Solid Waste Management and Collection Plan
5-9 Nov. 2007
proposals, and discuss with key persons for approval.
• Design, procurement/preparation and installation of IEC
materials and infrastructure.
12-16 Nov. 2007
• Presentation of SAGIP Environment and planning for
launching of program.
• Installation of kitchen waste pails and IEC posters for
offices.
• Room to room visits.
19-23 Nov. 2007 • Training on proper waste segregation.
• Implementation of Solid Waste Management and Collection
Plan.
• Start of monitoring.
26 Nov. 2007 until the • Monitoring.
end of December 2007 • Documentation.

429
 (2) IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed

The IEC materials and equipment distributed in CHRP are summarized in Table 1.5.6.

Table 1.5.6 IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed in Commission on Human Rights
Area Container / IEC Material No. of Units Notes
Waste paper box with 24
sign
Offices
Poster identifying different
24
office wastes
Includes food waste,
7 (2 per floor for
Waste segregation bin with waste paper,
three floors, and 1 at
sign recyclables, and
the extended wing)
Corridors residuals containers
To serve as reminder
Program poster 1 for visitors that CHRP
practices segregation

(3) Outcomes

CHRP has adopted the following policy on solid waste management.

1. No Littering within and around the CHRP building premises.

2. Waste materials should be placed in their proper containers.
3. Waste materials should be segregated before disposal.
4. Non- confidential white paper should be used on both sides before disposal.
5. Paper should not be crumpled.
6. Drink containers such as mineral water bottles, and aluminum cans should be emptied of
its contents before putting in the bins to avoid pests.
7. No smoking near the paper boxes or in the storage area.
8. Segregation bins should be secured against vandalism or damage.
9. Personal trash cans will be removed so that garbage segregation and collection will be
centralized at the office level.
10. Employees are encouraged to participate in segregation through IEC and orientation
sessions.

By the early December 2007, two waste segregation frames have been installed in the corridor
of each floor (see picture “Segregation Frame on the Corridor” below), and individual trash
cans have been removed from the offices except one that has lots of visitors. There are only
waste paper bins for collecting used white papers within the office space (see picture “Waste
Paper Bin” below). Employees have started following the waste segregation rule (see pictures
“Segregated Waste in the Frame” below)

430
 Food Waste

Waste Paper

Segregation Frame on the Corridor Segregated Waste in the Frame

Recyclables

Residuals

Segregated Waste in the Frame Poster on the Wall

PET Bottles

Aluminum cans

Waste Paper Bin Sorted Recyclables

The following table shows the volume and value of recyclables collected at CHRP before the case
study. These data will be compared with the same kind of data after the case study period to see the
impact of the activities under the case study.

431
 Table 1.5.7 Volume and Value of Recyclables Collected at Commission on Human
Rights before the Case Study
At Primary Collection At Consolidator
(Sold by Collectors to Junkshop) (Sold by Junkshop to Consolidator)
Recyclable
Volume Volume
Unit Price* Unit Price
(per month) (per month)
White Paper 208 kg P7.00/kg 1 ton P7.00/kg
Newspaper/ 42 kg P4.50/kg P5.00/kg
Colored
Cartons 6.5 3.00/ kg 2 tons
Assorted 26 kg 2 tons
paper
Plastic PET 3 kg P17.00/kg P18 (unprocessed)
P22 (processed)
P12/ kg (colored PET)
Plastic hard 1.5 kg P10.00/kg P10.00/kg
Residual P0.10/ kg
plastics
Aluminum 1.6 kg P60/kg 10-25 kilos P60/kg
Cans
Tin Cans
Glass bottles Small volume

The following table reflects the total volume of recyclables collected at CHRP and sold by the
janitors. This covers two transactions that they were able to record during the case study period;
however, the exact length of time this covers was indeterminate. The junkshop they sell to (Ben
Almaden’s Junkshop) is located within Bgy. UP Campus, is a member of the Linis Ganda network,
and has been in operation for at least 10 years.

Table 1.5.8 Volume and Value of Recyclables Collected at Commission on Human

Rights during the Case Study
Unit Price
Recyclable Weight (kg) Value (PhP)
(PhP/kg)
White paper 96 7-8 717.00
Newspaper 109 4.5 - 5.00 499.50
Cartons 20 3.00 60.00
Assorted paper 15 1.00 15.00
PET 28 15-20 452.50
HDPE 1 10.00 10.00
Aluminum cans 4 52.00 208.00

432
 1.6 Recyclable Collection in New Era High School
1.6.1 Current Conditions and Issues
(1) Site Profile

New Era High School (hereinafter referred to as NEHS) is a public school and has about 3,400
students. Due to an increase in students who used to go to private high schools transferred to
NEHS (a public school cannot refuse the transferring students), the school facility is not enough to
accommodate all the students at one time. The school facility is used on a two-shift system; the
first and the third grade students use the classrooms from 6:00 to 12:40, and the second and the
fourth grade students from 12:40 to 19:20. The site profile is summarized in Table 1.6.1, and some
pictures representing the site are shown below.

Table 1.6.1 Profile of New Era High School

Location Bgy. New Era, Quezon City
Size About 3,400 students
5 buildings, 28 class rooms
Management One of the teachers has experiences in preparing a school-wide solid
organization waste management plan (attended one-day seminar organized by
Miriam Collage).
Reasons for being • Profile is representative of typical urban public high school.
selected as case • There was a previous intervention about waste segregation.
study site

(2) Waste Management Practices

Waste management practices in the NEHS as of August 2007 are summarized as follows:

Table 1.6.2 Waste Management Issues in New Era High School

Recyclables • Significant volume of PET bottles, plastic cups, and some
Volume/Characteristics papers and cans are generated (students buy and eat snacks
during the morning and afternoon recess).
Solid Waste • Waste bins are in place around the campus and are already
Management designed for segregation purposes, but the labels for
segregation have been taken off due to students’ mischief.
Therefore, wastes are all mixed in the waste bins.
• There are janitors in the school to collect waste from the
common areas. Students are in charge of bringing waste in
plastic bags in the classrooms to the waste storage area.
• Students are told not to bring their snacks including drinks
into the classrooms. However, since more than 1,000
students come to the small canteens to buy snacks during the
recess (10 min.), students are prone to brake the rule.
• Once the waste segregation was practiced for about three
months or so when the labels were on the waste bins. After
the labels were taken off, students became not practicing
waste segregation any more.
• Teachers’ workload is already heavy; it is difficult to spend
extra time for them to educate their students about waste
segregation.

433
 Waste Bin Waste Bin

Discarded Waste (Unsegregated) Waste Storage for Municipal Collection

1.6.2 Needs Assessment

The needs and concerns of NEHS in the field of solid waste management were identified during
the focus group discussions as follows:

a. Main concern of teachers is littering in the corridors, school grounds and inside the
classroom;

b. Janitor to student / faculty ratio is 1:900; hence, cleanliness and maintenance is a major
problem;

c. Poor segregation at source makes it difficult for janitors to recover recyclables to sell;

d. Main source of solid waste problem would be waste related to eating and refreshments;

e. The mixing of biodegradable waste with recyclables and residuals causes very foul odor
emitting from their mini-dumpsite within the school premises;

f. The mini-dumpsite poses a health hazard to the school population and greatly affects the
atmosphere conducive to learning; and

g. Students who clean or pick up trash are teased/ laughed upon.

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 1.6.3 Recyclables Collection Plan
(1) Expected Outcomes and Activities

Based on the above needs assessment, expected outputs and corresponding activities are planned as
in the following table.

Table 1.6.3 Expected Outcomes and Activities in New Era High School
Expected Outcome Activity
Students are conducting • Hold meetings with school administrators and teachers to:
waste segregation according (1) establish and coordinate efforts aimed at improving
to the instructions state of waste management, and (2) determine specific
plans of action that may be implemented to improve state
of waste management at NEHS.
• Hold seminars for teachers (class advisers) for effective
communication or instruction of waste segregation topics
to students.
• Hold seminars for canteen personnel for proper wet vs.
dry waste segregation.
• Provide NEHS with segregation frames and posters.
• Each class prepares waste paper bin.
• Hold school wide competitions for the cleanest classroom.

Wastes in NEHS will be handled as follows:

Table 1.6.4 Ways to Handle Wastes at New Era High School (Classroom)
Type of Solid
Paper Waste Food Waste Liquid Waste Recyclables Residuals
Waste
Intermediate Waste paper Food waste Liquid waste Recyclables Residuals
container bin container container container container
Person
Responsible
for placing
To be ensured and supervised by all teachers.
waste in
correct
container
Schedule of
Intermediate Daily; and immediately as needed
Collection
Dumpsite area
Food waste
Recyclables Recyclables within school
container (in
End storage area storage area grounds, for
canteen area), to
Destination (for immediate (for immediate eventual
be eventually Drainage
of Solid sorting of sorting of collection by
collected by
Waste recyclables recyclables EPWMD
food waste
collected) collected) residuals waste
collector
truck
Person
responsible
for transfer of Utility personnel assigned to classroom area.
waste to end
destination
Schedule of Coordinated Daily Coordinated
As scheduled
End with barangay collection by As needed with barangay
by EPWMD
Collection junkshop canteen staff junkshop

435
 (2) Structure for Implementation

The recyclables segregation/collection is implemented by the following entities.

Head of SWM Committee (Head Teacher)

Canteen Head / Year-Level Administrative

Cooperative Head Coordinators Officer

Canteen TLE* Teachers

Personnel Coordinator

TLE*: Technology and Students

Livelihood Education

Utility Personnel

Figure 1.6.1 Structure for Implementation in New Era High School

1.6.4 Achievement
(1) Implementation Schedule

The above-mentioned activities were implemented by the following schedule.

Table 1.6.5 Activity Schedule in New Era High School

Schedule Activities
23-29 Sep.2007 • Finish Solid Waste Management and Collection Plan, and discuss
with key persons for their approval.
30 Sep.- 3 Nov. • Design, procurement, and preparation, of IEC materials and
2007 infrastructure.
• Training of canteen and utility personnel regarding proper waste
4-10 Nov. 2007 segregation;
• Grand meeting with key personnel (especially teachers) regarding
implementation of Solid Waste Management and Collection Plan.
• Implementation of Solid Waste Management and Collection Plan
in NEHS.
11-17 Nov. 2007 • Installation of segregation bins and waste paper boxes.
• Room to room campaigns.
• Start of monitoring..
18-24 Nov. 2007 • Monitoring;
onwards until the • Documentation.
end of December

436
 (2) IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed

The IEC materials and equipment distributed are summarized in Table 1.6.6. Each class was
asked to prepare one waste paper bin by wrapping a corrugated cardboard box with color paper
so that students can distinguish them from a regular waste box.

Table 1.6.6 IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed in New Era High School
Container / IEC
Area No. of Units Notes
Material
Compostables
1 Inside kitchen
Container
Canteen Dining area, includes
Segregation Frame with bins for food waste,
1
sign recyclables, liquid
waste, and residuals
Two classes are
assigned to use a
56 (2 per
Waste Paper Bin room. Each class
classroom)
was asked to prepare a
School Buildings
waste paper bin.
and Classrooms
Includes bins for food
Segregation Frame with 9 (average of 2-3 waste, recyclables,
sign per building) liquid waste, and
residuals
Includes bins for food
3 (2 for the canteen
Segregation Frame with waste, recyclables,
and one near the
sign liquid waste, and
SSG office)
residuals
School Grounds Tarpaulin visually
illustrating solid waste Posted on the school
collection plan and 2 building wall near the
detailing categories of gate
waste
Program Poster Posted in the
Administration
detailing the objectives 1 administration
Building
of the study building

(3) Outcomes

Segregation frames have been installed in the canteen and each floor of the school buildings, and the
students have started segregating waste to food waste, liquid waste (leftover drinks), recyclables
(plastics and cans) and residuals (see the picture “Segregation Frame at Canteen” below). A large
poster to explain waste types and proper segregation practices has been put on the wall of the school
building near the school gate so that all the students can see it (see the picture “Poster on
Explanation of Waste Type”). In addition, there is a poster on recyclables collection campaign to
inform students of the activities in the case study as school wide activities (see the picture “Poster on
Recyclables Collection Campaign” below). Although there are some classes that have not prepared
a waste paper bin, most of the classes have prepared and started waste paper segregation (see the
picture “Waste Paper Bin” below).

437
NEHS has integrated recyclables collection as a school activity, and started to hold cleanest
classroom competitions. According to the teacher in charge of coordinating the recyclables
collection, there used be a pile of waste in the classrooms, but the environment has been much
improved since the recyclables collection campaign.

Poster on Explanation of Waste Type Poster on Recyclables Collection Campaign

Food Waste

Funnel for
Liquid Waste

Segregation Frame at Canteen Segregated Waste in the Frame

Recyclables

Residuals

Segregated Waste in the Frame Jar for Storing Liquid Waste (Segregation Frame)

438
 Waste Paper Bin (for AM/PM classes) Collected Waste Paper

The following table shows the volume and price of recyclables collected at NEHS before the case
study.

Table 1.6.7 Volume and Value of Recyclables Collected

at New Era High School before the Case Study
At Primary Collector
Recyclable (sold by collector to junkshop)
Volume*(per month) Unit Price**
White Paper Wet: P1/kg
(wet) 49 kg
Dry: P7/kg
Cartons 25 kg P4/kg
Plastic PET Bottles only, cleaned and stripped of
P23/kg
labels – 33 kg
Other Plastics Plastic cups + mineral bottle caps – Plastic cups + mineral bottle
34 kg caps: P20/kg
*Amounts only reflect 2 weeks’ worth of collection.
** Price/kg indicated are as set by direct junkshop buyer; no middle-man involved.

The table below shows the volumes and values of the recyclables sold by one of the janitors after a
three-week period. This does not reflect, however, the total recyclables that were actually
recovered, since the other janitor who also collects these recyclables has not yet sold her share.
There are also reports of teachers who are now beginning to sell the paper collected from the
classrooms although no monitoring data of this was obtained.
Table 1.6.8 Volume and Value of Recyclables Collected at New Era High School
during the Case Study
Unit Price Value Daily Avg.
Recyclable Weight (kg)
(PhP/kg) (PhP) (kg/d)
White paper 14 10.00 140.00 0.67
Cartons 20 5.50 110.00 0.95
PET 8 24.00 192.00 0.38
HDPE 83 20.00 1,660.00 3.95
Spoon & fork 26 10.00 260.00 1.24
Tin cans 14 5.50 77.00 0.67

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During the Waste Analysis and Characterization Survey (WACS) conducted by the QC EPWMD for
this site under the case study baseline data gathering, it was discovered that over a one-week period,
the school generates about 24 kg of paper, 26 kg of plastic, and nearly 2 kg of tin cans. The rates
calculated under the recorded selling are still less than the potential rates as determined in the
previous WACS. Still, there have been improvements observed – littering has noticeably reduced
in the corridors and the classrooms. One classroom that used to have a small garbage pile in the
back corner was given the “Most Improved Classroom” citation since it started practicing
segregation after the project implementation.
Recent visits after the Christmas vacation, however, revealed that some students have reverted back
to their old habits of littering and not segregating. Constant reiteration therefore is crucial in a
school set-up, since every year there are new students coming in, and school breaks take away some
of the momentum established by cleanliness campaigns.

1.7 Recyclables Collection in SM Sta. Mesa Food Court

1.7.1 Current Conditions and Issues
(1) Site profile

The food court is located on the basement of the SM Sta. Mesa shopping center and has 19 tenants
that prepare and serve food and drinks in their kitchen and 23 food stalls that only sell prepared
foods such as bread and cookies. Customers can buy their food and drinks at any of the
tenants/food stalls and eat at tables in the food court. After eating, customers can throw their
wastes and leftover food and drinks into trash bins or leave them on the table. The staffs called
busboys collect and segregate used plates, cups, cans, and silverwares from the tables. The
reusable plates and silverwares are washed in the backyard of the food court, and plastic cups and
aluminum cans are segregated for collection. The site profile is summarized in Table 1.7.1, and
some pictures representing the site are shown below.

Table 1.7.1 Profile of SM Sta. Mesa Food Court

Location Quezon City (straddles the border of QC, Manila and San Juan)
Size Covers most of the basement
19 tenants (with kitchen), 23 food stalls (without kitchen)
Management Food court management is in charge of solid waste management
organization in the food court.
Reasons for being • Some levels of segregation of recyclables are practiced.
selected as case study • Replicable to the food courts in other SM shopping center.
site

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 Recyclables Collected by Busboys Waste Storage Area
(Dishwashing Area)

Signage at Waste Storage Area Collected Food Waste and Plastic Bottles

Signage at Waste Storage Area Collected Cardboard

(2) Waste Management Practices

Waste management practices in the SM Sta. Mesa Food Court are summarized as follows:

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 Table 1.7.2 Waste Management in SM Sta. Mesa Food Court
Recyclables • Significant volumes of PET, plastic cups, and aluminum
Volume/Characteristics cans are generated.
• Segregation of recyclables (plastic cups, PET bottles, and
aluminum cans) from tables in the food court is practiced.
Solid Waste • Inadequate or inconsistent orientation/training of
Management maintenance employees with regards to wet vs. dry waste
collection policy as enforced on tenants.
• Tenants may not be fully aware of importance of proper
segregation of waste materials generated from their kitchen
operations although there are policies on wet vs. dry waste
segregation.
• Identified types of materials segregated by busboys can still
be expanded to maximize recyclables collected in their
efficient operations already in place.

1.7.2 Needs Assessment

The needs and concerns of SM Sta. Mesa Food Court were identified during the focus group
discussions as follows.

a. Food court tenants sometimes do not abide by mall policies of segregation.

b. Buyer of recyclables only gets aluminum cans, cups and PET bottles, but not other types of
recyclables.

c. Limited storage space for additional types of recyclables such as plastic straws since it is not
bought daily.

d. From SM upper management, they want to see how this could be replicated in other Food
Courts.

1.7.3 Recyclables Collection Plan

(1) Expected Outcomes and Activities

Based on the above needs and concerns assessment, expected outcomes and corresponding
activities are planned as in the following table.

Table 1.7.3 Expected Outputs and Activities in SM St. Mesa Food Court
Expected Output Activity
Recyclables are collected • Conduct discussions involving concerned mall
from tables and sold to administrators and hauler to determine: (1) what other
junkshops in an efficient types of recyclables may be accepted aside from the ones
manner already being collected; (2) steps that may be taken by
administrators to increase value of recyclables being
collected.
• Develop standard orientation/training program for
maintenance staff and busboys regarding proper
enforcement of wet vs. dry waste segregation policies.

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 Expected Output Activity
• Conduct training on the proper enforcement of waste
segregation policies.
• Find buyers of used plastic straws.
Tenants practice proper • Prepare and put on posters reminding of proper wet vs.
waste segregation dry segregation to be placed in conspicuous spots in
common areas.
• Prepare and disseminate a booklet containing proper
classification of wet vs. dry waste materials, and proper
segregation methods for these.

Wastes in SM St. Mesa Food Court will be handled as follows:

Table 1.7.4 Ways to Handle Wastes at SM Sta. Mesa Food Court by Waste Type
Recyclables
Type of Solid
Food Waste (plastic cups, PET Residuals
Waste
bottles, tin cans, straws)
Intermediate
Busboy Carts
Container
Person
Responsible for
placing waste in Busboy personnel
correct
container
Schedule of
Intermediate Daily; and immediately as needed
Collection
Residuals bin for
Recyclables collection
End Destination eventual collection by
Food waste collector and segregation area; and
of Solid Waste EPWMD residuals waste
junkshop/recycler buyers
truck
Person
Responsible for To be coordinated by To be coordinated by To be coordinated by
Transfer of Operations Operations Supervisor and Operations Supervisor
Waste to End Supervisor Food Court Manager and Food Court Manager
Destination
To be coordinated
Schedule of End To be coordinated with As scheduled by
with contact food
Collection buyers EPWMD
waste collector

(2) Structure for implementation

The recyclables segregation/collection is implemented by the following entities.

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 Mall Manager

Food Court Manager

Operations Supervisor

Busboys Leadmen/Maintenance Tenants and Food

Personnel Stall Owners

Figure 1.7.1 Structure for Implementation at SM Sta. Mesa Food Court

1.7.4 Achievement
(1) Implementation Schedule

The above-mentioned activities were implemented as in the schedule below.

Table 1.7.5 Activity Schedule in SM Sta. Mesa Food Court

Schedule Activities
• Finish Solid Waste Management and Collection Plan
5-9 Nov. 2007
proposals, and discuss with key persons for approval.
• Design, preparation, procurement and installation of IEC
materials and infrastructure.
12-16 Nov. 2007 • Presentation of SAGIP Environment to SM Sta. Mesa Mall
management and SM Supermalls upper management.
• Planning for launching of program.
• Revisions of IEC materials incorporating SM management
19-23 Nov. 2007
comments.
26 Nov. – 07 • Deployment of IEC materials for stalls.
December 2007 • Deployment of SM food court banner.
• Second selling of recyclables during Waste Market.
Dec. 8 2007
• Deployment of prototype push cart IEC material.
Jan. 15, 2008 • Deployment of final version of push cart IEC material.

(2) IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed in SM Sta. Mesa Food Court

The IEC materials and equipment distributed are summarized in Table 1.7.6.

Table 1.7.6 IEC Materials and Equipment Distributed in SM Sta. Mesa Food Court
Infrastructure Materials Specifications Quantity
IEC Posters on pushcart Contains information on the busboy pushcart as a 15
front segregation module
Stall posters Small poster reminding tenants to segregate wet vs. dry 30
waste
Tarpaulin On recyclables collection project and SM Supermalls’ 1

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 (3) Outcomes

After the training of busboys on waste segregation and collection, they started collecting used plastic
straws as an additional recyclable (see the picture “Used Straws and Cup Caps Additionally
Collected by Busboys” below). Although the existing waste hauler does buy used plastic straws,
the Food Court has found a buyer of the straws at the monthly held Waste Market at SM Sta. Mesa
shopping center.

A sign to inform customers in the food court how the collected wastes are recycled is attached to a
pushcart that the busboy uses for waste collection, which is expected to increase awareness of the
general public towards recycling (see the picture “Sign for Awareness Raising of the Customers for
Waste Segregation and Recycling” below).

Used Straws and Cup Caps Additionally Waste Plastics Collected from the Food Court and
Collected by Busboys Sold to Junkshop

Poster on Waste Segregation Policy Poster on Proper Waste Segregation

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Sign for Awareness Raising of the Customers for Plastic Bottle Caps Collected from Tables
Waste Segregation and Recycling

The following table shows the volume and price of recyclables collected at SM Sta. Mesa Food
Court before the case study. These date will be compared with the same kind of data after the case
study period to see the impact of the activities under the case study.

Table 1.7.7 Volume and Value of Recyclable Collected at SM Sta. Mesa Food Court
before the Case Study
Plastic Cups Plastic Bottles Cans
Month Quantity Peso Quantity Peso Quantity Peso
(kg) equivalent (kg) equivalent (kg) equivalent
May 2007 721 7,210 279 5,580 35 1,750
June 2007 773 7,730 352 7,040 43 2,150
July 1-15,
418 4,180 192 3,840 24 1,200
2007

SM Sta. Mesa Food Court was able to sell other types of recyclables, aside from those being
collected daily by Bagayawa (PET bottles, aluminum cans and plastic cups), in two Waste Markets.
These events are being held in SM and Ayala malls for more than a year, wherein the public could
bring their recyclables and E-waste to the malls and sell them to recyclers and consolidators.
During the two Waste Markets held in SM Sta. Mesa on Oct. 27 and Dec. 8, the Food Court was able
to sell various types of recyclables, listed in the Table below.

The volumes listed here reflect 66 days of collection, except for the PET, aluminum cans, and plastic
cups, which are regularly sold to Bagayawa. During the days leading to the Waste Markets
however, the Food Court stores these three recyclables over a few days and opts to sell these during
the Waste Markets. The volumes of PET, aluminum cans and plastic cups reflect six days of
collection. Plastics and aluminum cans are sold to Polytrader Plastic Products, with recycling
facility in Valenzuela, while the rest were sold to EJM Junkshop, operating under the QC
Multi-purpose Cooperative.
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 Table 1.7.8 Volume and Value of Recyclable Collected at SM Sta. Mesa Food Court
during the Case Study
Unit Price Daily Avg.
Recyclable Weight (kg) Value (PhP)
(PhP/kg) (kg/d)
Newspaper 60 5.50 330.00 0.91
Cartons 13 4.50 58.50 0.20
PET 61.5 18.00 1,107.00 10.25
HDPE 188.5 12.00 2,262.00 long storage
Plastic Straws 160.5 5.00 802.50 2.43
Plastic cups 161 10.00 1,610.00 26.83
Assorted plastics 9 5.00 45.00 0.14
Aluminum cans 15 55.00 825.00 2.50
Metal scraps 26 11.00 286.00 long storage
Fender/ mudguard 18 10.00 180.00
Bottles (lump) - assorted pcs 826 0.50 482.20 12.52
Shards 39 0.50 19.50 0.59

The following tables summarize the total amount and value of collected recyclables after the case
study interventions in all the case study sites.

Table 1.7.9 Total Amount of Collected Recyclables after Interventions

Amount of Collected Recyclables
Study Period Selling Paper Plastic Metal Subtotals Glass
Study Site
Phase Covered Frequency (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) # bottles
Before no monitored selling
GK After 4 months 3 34.25 22.05 11.00 67.30 173
Before recyclables turned over to other barangay MRF for selling with profit sharing
Libis MRF After 4 months 4 1,338.00 272.00 467.50 2,238.50 342
Before 4 months 1 282.50 4.50 1.60 288.60 0
CHRP After 2 months 2 240.00 29.00 4.00 273.00 0
Before 7 days 1 291.00 20.00 1.30 312.30 0
After 7 days 1 196.00 1.50 1.18 198.68 0
Benpres After 7 days 1 190.00 12.50 3.69 206.19 0
Before no monitored selling
NEHS After 3 weeks 1 34.00 117.00 14.00 165.00 0
Before regular selling of PET, Aluminum cans, Plastic Cups only
SM Sta. Mesa After 3 months 2 73.00 358.00 44.00 475.00 828
Subtotals per Material after Interventions 2,105.25 812.05 545.37 3,462.67 1,343

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 Table 1.7.10 Total Value of Collected Recyclables after Interventions (PhP)
Study Period Selling Value of Collected Recyclables (PhP)
Study Site
Phase Covered Frequency Paper Plastic Metal Glass Subtotals
Before no monitored selling
GK After 4 months 3 113.75 386.80 42.00 164.34 706.89
Before recyclables turned over to other barangay MRF for selling with profit sharing
Libis MRF After 4 months 4 3,490.50 3,860.50 2,587.50 222.90 10,161.40
Before 4 months 1 1,690.50 66.00 96.00 1,852.50
CHRP After 2 months 2 1,291.50 462.50 208.00 0.00 1,962.00
Before 7 days 1 1,075.00 220.00 72.00 1,367.00
After 7 days 1 1,001.00 20.00 65.00 0.00 1,086.00
Benpres After 7 days 1 789.00 167.50 203.00 0.00 1,159.50
Before no monitored selling
NEHS After 3 weeks 1 250.00 2,112.00 77.00 0.00 2,439.00
Before regular selling of PET, Aluminum cans, Plastic Cups only
SM Sta. Mesa After 3 months 2 388.50 5,826.50 1,291.00 501.70 8,007.70
Subtotals per Material after Interventions 7,324.25 12,835.80 3,182.50 888.94 18,875.99

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