It is used in self-driving cars, virtual doctor, playing games, industrial automation, robot manufacturing,

self-flying planes, autonomous aircraft, driverless electric flying car, etc.

AI becomes most fascinating technique. It has great scope in the future. The objective of AI is to make a
DIGITAL FLUENCY machine to behaves like a human.
The word Artificial means “man-made” and Intelligence means “thinking power”, therefore AI stands for
Module 1: Emerging Technologies “a man-made thinking power”. That is to create a programmed machine which can work with its own
intelligence unlike the traditional way of writing and executing programs to perform the given task.

Overview of Emerging Technologies:

Need of Artificial Intelligence:
Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology, but it may also refer to the
continuing development of an existing technology. It has generated new opportunities while creating new It is important to understand why Artificial Intelligence is required. Some of the reasons are given below:
legal challenges. We can develop software or devices that can solve real-world problems very accurately without any
It refers to technologies that are currently developing or that are expected to be available within the next difficulties. Some of the real-world problems are health issues, marketing, traffic issues etc.
five to ten years. We can develop personal virtual assistant, like Cortana, Google Assistant, Siri, etc.
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Cloud Computing, IOT, Big data analytics and cyber security We can create Robots that can work in an environment where in survival of human beings is under risk.
these are the rising technology and its going to have scope in the future so present trend itself called Such as doing research in under deep Ocean, space, planets etc.
Emerging Technology. AI created a path for emerging technologies, new devices and new opportunities.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Importance of AI:

An Overview of Artificial Intelligence: AI provides enterprise insights into its operations. AI works better than human being in case of repetitive
and detail-oriented jobs. AI executes the jobs quickly and with relative few errors.
Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with the study of simulating human AI opened the door to the new business opportunities for some of the large scale companies. Some of the
intelligence processes by machines, especially computers so that the machine can behave, think as well transport companies uses this technique for connecting riders to taxis. Today Uber becomes on the largest
make decisions like a human. The term Artificial Intelligence was framed by McCarthy in 1956. companies in the world adopted this technology. Uber uses machine learning technique to know when
Artificial Intelligence becomes the trend in today’s world of tech. We have to keep face with innovations people needs rides in specific areas that helps them proactively to get drivers on the road before the people
in Artificial Intelligence. It is one of the booming technologies of computer science. It creates a new needed.
revolution in the Industry by producing intelligence machines. The Artificial Intelligence is used widely
across the world.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 1 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 2
Various definitions of AI 1. Maps and Navigation
AI has drastically improved traveling. Instead of having to rely on printed maps or directions, you can

Different people defined AI differently. Some of the definitions are given below: now use Waze, Google, or Apple Maps on your phone and type in your destination.
So how does the application know where to go? And what’s more, the optimal route, road barriers, and

1. AI is the study of how to make computers do things which at the moment people do better. This is traffic congestions? Not too long ago, only satellite-based GPS was available, but now, artificial

ephemeral as it refers to the current state of computer science and it excludes a major area; problems that intelligence is being incorporated to give users a much more enhanced experience.

cannot be solved well either by computers or by people at the moment. Using machine learning, the algorithms remember the edges of the buildings that it has learned, which
allows for better visuals on the map, and recognition and understanding of house and building numbers.

2. AI is a field of study that encompasses computational techniques for performing tasks that The application has also been taught to understand and identify changes in traffic flow so that it can

apparently require intelligence when performed by humans. recommend the route that avoids roadblocks and congestion.

3. AI is the branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behaviour.
AI is based upon the principles of computer science namely data structures used in knowledge 2. Facial Detection and Recognition

representation, the algorithms needed to apply that knowledge and the languages and programming Using virtual filters on our faces when taking pictures and using face ID for unlocking our phones are two

techniques used in their implementation. examples of artificial intelligence that are now part of our daily lives. The former incorporates face
detection, meaning any human face is identified. The latter uses face recognition through which a specific

4. AI is the field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behaviour in terms of face is recognized. Facial recognition is also used for surveillance and security by government facilities

computational processes. and at airports.

5. AI is about generating representations and procedures that automatically or autonomously solve 3. Text Editors or Autocorrect

problems heretofore solved by humans. AI algorithms use machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing to identify incorrect
usage of language and suggest corrections in word processors, texting apps, and every other written

Applications of Artificial Intelligence medium, it seems. Linguists and computer scientists work together to teach machines grammar, just like
you were taught at school. The algorithms are taught through high quality language data so when you use
a comma incorrectly, the editor will catch it.

4. Search and Recommendation Algorithms

When you want to watch a movie or shop online, have you noticed that the items suggested to you are
often aligned with your interests or recent searches? These smart recommendation systems have learned
your behavior and interests over time by following your online activity. The data is collected at the front
end (from the user) and stored and analyzed through machine learning and deep learning. It is then able

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 3 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 4
to predict your preferences, usually, and offer recommendations for things you might want to buy or listen Intelligent algorithms have made it possible to make deposits, transfer money, and even open accounts
to next. from anywhere, leveraging AI for security, identity management, and privacy controls.
Even potential fraud can be detected by observing users’ credit card spending patterns. This is also an
5. Chatbots example of artificial intelligence. The algorithms know what kind of products a user buys, when and from
A chatbot is a computer program that simulates human conversation with an end user. As a customer, where they are typically bought, and in what price bracket they fall.
interacting with customer service can be time-consuming and stressful. For companies, it’s an inefficient When there is an unusual activity that does not fit in with the user profile, the system can generate an alert
department that is typically expensive and hard to manage. One increasingly popular artificially intelligent or a prompt to verify transactions.
solution to this is the use of AI chatbots. The programmed algorithms enable machines to answer
frequently asked questions, take and track orders, and direct calls. 8. AI in Social Media
Chatbots are taught to impersonate the conversational styles of customer representatives through natural Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat contain billions of user profiles, which
language processing (NLP). Advanced chatbots no longer require specific formats of inputs (e.g. yes/no need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way. AI can organize and manage massive
questions). They can answer complex questions requiring detailed responses. In fact, if you give a bad amounts of data. AI can analyze lots of data to identify the latest trends, hashtag, and requirement
rating for the response you get, the bot will identify the mistake it made and correct it for next time, of different users.
ensuring maximum customer satisfaction.
10. AI in Travel & Transport

6. Digital Assistants
AI is becoming highly demanding for travel industries. AI is capable of doing various travel related
When we have our hands full, we often resort to ordering digital assistants to perform tasks on our behalf.
works such as from making travel arrangement to suggesting the hotels, flights, and best routes to the
When you are driving, you might ask the assistant to call your mom (don’t text and drive, kids). A virtual
customers. Travel industries are using AI-powered chatbots which can make human-like interaction
assistant like Siri is an example of an AI that will access your contacts, identify the word “Mom”, and call
with customers for better and fast response.
the number. These assistants use NLP, ML, statistical analysis, and algorithmic execution to decide what
you are asking for and try to get it for you. Voice and image search work in much the same way.
11. AI in Robotics:
Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics. Usually, general robots are programmed
7. AI in Gaming
such that they can perform some repetitive task, but with the help of AI, we can create intelligent
AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can play strategic games like chess, where the
robots which can perform tasks with their own experiences without pre-programmed.
machine needs to think of a large number of possible places.
Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI in robotics, recently the intelligent Humanoid robot
named as Erica and Sophia has been developed which can talk and behave like humans.
8. E-Payments
Having to run to the bank for every transaction is an enormous waste of time and AI is playing a part in
12. AI in Entertainment
why you haven’t been to a bank branch in 5 years. Banks are now leveraging artificial intelligence to
facilitate customers by simplifying payment processes.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 5 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 6
We are currently using some AI based applications in our daily life with some entertainment • Data Mining
services such as Netflix or Amazon. With the help of ML/AI algorithms, these services show the AI is currently being used in data mining of medical records. IBM Watson Health is helping
recommendations for programs or shows. healthcare organizations apply cognitive technology to unlock vast amounts of health data to
power diagnosis.
13. AI in Agriculture

Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money, and time for best • Health Assistants and Personal Trainers
result. Now a day's agriculture is becoming digital, and AI is emerging in this field. Agriculture is AI-based chatbots are being used as health assistants and personal trainers. Some of the use cases
applying AI as agriculture robotics, solid and crop monitoring, predictive analysis. AI in agriculture of chatbots in healthcare include scheduling doctor appointments, providing medication
can be very helpful for farmers. reminders, and identifying the condition based on symptoms. Start-ups like Babylon Health and
Your MD are well-known AI powered healthcare assistant applications, which helps physicians,
patients and care-givers in the above functionalities.

Emerging Artificial Intelligence Trends in Healthcare

• Surgical Robots
AI-powered surgical robots are currently being conceptualized by many technology companies,
Digital transformation, like in other sectors, is transforming healthcare, by enabling the provision of
by leveraging the capabilities of machine learning applications like Google DeepMind, IBM
accessible, affordable and quality healthcare to people. Many countries, enabled by AI technologies, are
Watson and others. Deploying robots with AI capabilities can result in less damage, increased
showing progress in transforming the legacy models from being physician centric to become more
precision and speedy recovery.
patient centric.
• Drug Discovery
The healthcare sector is undergoing rapid transformation globally due to AI. Some of the emerging trends
The growing application of AI technologies can also be seen in drug discovery. Helix, an AI
of AI in healthcare sector shaping this revolution include:
start-up uses machine learning to respond to verbal questions and requests, thus enabling
researchers to increase efficiency, improve lab safety, stay updated on relevant research topics,
• Diagnosis
and manage inventory.
AI has already been deployed in a few hospitals to diagnose critical diseases, such as cancer.
This is advantageous as it provides more accuracy in detecting the condition at an early stage.
• Drug Design
For example, Enlitic, a US based medical imaging startup, is using deep learning for tumour
It is now possible to automate drug design and compound selection due to AI. Peptone uses AI
detection; its algorithms have been designed to detect tumours in human lungs with the help of
with Keras and TensorFlow integration to predict protein characteristics and features which
Computed Tomography (CT) scan.
would enable researchers to reduce complexity in protein design, detect production and
characterization issues, and discover novel protein features.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 7 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 8
 • Clinical Trials • Manage and analyse your data - eg AI can help you interpret and mine your data more efficiently
AI is also widely used in clinical trials, like GNS Healthcare which uses AI to transform diverse than ever before and provide meaningful insight into your assets, your brand, staff or customers.
streams of biomedical and healthcare data into computer models. The models enable doctors to • Improve your marketing and advertising - for example, effectively track user behaviour and
identify patients’ responses to treatments based on their characteristics, thereby, helping deliver automate many routine marketing tasks.
personalized medicine and treatment at scale.
At Mindfields, we have been driving innovation and excellence by leveraging disrupting Types of Artificial Intelligence:
technologies to optimise business processes that enable our clients to 'Grow For tomorrow'.

Artificial Intelligence can be divided in various types, there are mainly two types of main
AI in Business How is AI being used by businesses? categorization which are based on capabilities and based on functionally of AI. Following is
flow diagram which explain the types of AI.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is steadily passing into everyday business use. From workflow management
to trend predictions, AI has many different uses in business. It also provides new business opportunities.
Application of artificial intelligence in business
You can use AI technologies to:
• Improve customer services - eg use virtual assistant programs to provide real-time support to
users (for example, with billing and other tasks).
• Automate workloads - eg collect and analyse data from smart sensors, or use machine learning
(ML) algorithms to categorise work, automatically route service requests, etc.
• Optimise logistics - eg use AI-powered image recognition tools to monitor and optimise your
infrastructure, plan transport routes, etc.
• Increase manufacturing output and efficiency - eg automate production line by integrating AI type-1: Based on Capabilities
industrial robots into your workflow and teaching them to perform labourintensive or mundane
tasks. 1. Weak AI or Narrow AI:
• Prevent outages - eg use anomaly detection techniques to identify patterns that are likely to disrupt Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with intelligence. The most
your business, such as an IT outage. Specific AI software may also help you to detect and deter common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in the world of Artificial Intelligence.
security intrusions. Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for one specific task. Hence
• Predict performance - eg use AI applications to determine when you might reach performance it is also termed as weak AI. Narrow AI can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes beyond its limits.
goals, such as response time to help desk calls. Apple Siri a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a limited pre-defined range of functions.
• Predict behaviour - eg use ML algorithms to analyse patterns of online behaviour to, for example, IBM's Watson supercomputer also comes under Narrow AI, as it uses an Expert system approach
serve tailored product offers, detect credit card fraud or target appropriate adverts. combined with Machine learning and natural language processing.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 9 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 10
Examples of Narrow AI are playing chess, purchasing suggestions on e-commerce site, self-driving cars,
speech recognition, and image recognition. 2. Limited Memory
Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a short period of time.
2. General AI: These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only.
General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a human. Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems. These cars can store recent
The idea behind the general AI to make such a system which could be smarter and think like a human by speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars, speed limit, and other information to navigate the road.
its own.
Currently, there is no such system exist which could come under general AI and can perform any task as 3. Theory of Mind
perfect as a human. Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to interact socially
The worldwide researchers are now focused on developing machines with General AI. like humans.
As systems with general AI are still under research, and it will take lots of efforts and time to develop This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts and
such systems. improvement for developing such AI machines.

4. Self-Awareness
3. Super AI: Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be super intelligent, and
Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could surpass human intelligence, and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and self-awareness.
can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties. It is an outcome of general AI. These machines will be smarter than human mind.
Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability include the ability to think, to reason, solve the Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical concept.
puzzle, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate by its own.
Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence. Development of such systems in real is
still world changing task. Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

AI type-2: Based on functionality Reduction in Human Error:

One of the biggest achievements of Artificial Intelligence is that it can reduce human error. Unlike
1. Reactive Machines humans, a computer machine can't make mistakes if programmed correctly, while humans make mistakes
Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial Intelligence. from time to time. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence uses some set of algorithms by gathering previously
Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions. stored data, reducing the chances of error and increasing the accuracy and precision of any task. Hence,
These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as per possible best action. Artificial Intelligence helps to solve complex problems that require difficult calculations and can be done
IBM's Deep Blue system is an example of reactive machines. without any error.
Google's AlphaGo is also an example of reactive machines.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 11 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 12
Reduce the Risk (Zero Risk): Daily Applications:
It is also one of the biggest advantages of Artificial Intelligence. The technology of developing AI Robots Now, we are all completely dependent on mobile and the internet for our daily routine. We use several
can overcome many risky limitations of humans and do risky things for us such as defusing a bomb, oil applications like Google map, Alexa, Apple's Siri, Window's Cortana, OK Google, taking a selfie, making
and coal mining and exploring the deepest part of the ocean, etc. So, it helps in any worst situation, either a phone call, replying to a mail, etc. Further, we can also predict the weather for today and upcoming days
human or natural disasters too. AI Robots can be used in such situations where intervention can be with the help of various AI-based methods.
hazardous.
Digital Assistance:
24/7 Support: Digital Assistance is one of the most powerful methods that help various highly advanced organizations
Unlike humans, a computer does not require breaks and refreshers. A normal human can continue work to interact with users without engaged human resources. Digital Assistance helps users by gathering
till 8-9 hours, including breaks and refreshers, while a computer machine can work 24x7 without any previous users queries and providing solutions that users want. The best example of digital Assistance can
breaks and don't even get bored, unlike humans. Chatbots and helpline centers can be seen as the best be seen on various websites in the form of chatbot support. A user asks something, and the computer
example of 24/7 support of various websites continuously engaged in receiving customers queries and machine provides relevant information like banking, education, travel, and ticket booking sites. Some
automatically resolved by Artificial Intelligence. chatbots are designed so that it's become hard to determine whether we're chatting with a chatbot or a
human being.
Perform Repetitive Jobs:
We perform so many repetitive works in our day-to-day life, such as automatic replies to emails, sending AI in risky situations:
birthday and anniversary quotes and verifying documents, etc. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence (AI) helps Human safety is always the primary thing that is also taken care by machines. Whenever we need to
to automate the business by performing these repetitive jobs. explore the deepest part of the ocean or study space, scientists use AI-enabled machines in risky situations
where human survival becomes difficult. AI can reach at every place where humans can't reach.
Faster decision:
Unlike humans, a machine helps to take decisions faster than a human and carry out actions quicker. While
taking a decision, humans analyze many factors while the machine works on what it is programmed and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligent
delivers the results faster. The best example of the faster decision can be seen in an online chess game in
the third level. It is impossible to beat a computer machine because it takes the best possible step in a very High production cost:
short time, according to the algorithms used behind it. We are living in a technological world where we have to manipulate ourselves according to society.
Similarly, a computer machine also requires time to time software and hardware updates to meet the latest
New Inventions: requirements. Hence, AI also need repairing and maintenance, which need plenty of costs.
For new inventions, AI is helping humans almost in each sector, it can be healthcare, medical, educational,
sports, technology, entertainment or research industry etc. Using advanced AI-based technologies, doctors Risk of Unemployment:
can predict various dangerous diseases like cancer at a very early stage.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 13 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 14
A robot is one of the implementations of Artificial intelligence, and it is replacing jobs and leading to Artificial Intelligence is a technology completely based on pre-loaded data and experience, so it cannot
serve unemployment (In some cases). Hence, according to some people, there is always a risk of be improved as human. It can perform the same task repeatedly, but if you want some improvement and
unemployment because of robots and chatbots instead of humans. For example, in some more technology- changes, you have to change the command for the same. However, it can store unlimited data that humans
oriented countries such as Japan, robots are widely used in manufacturing industries to replace human cannot, but also it cannot be accessed and used like human intelligence.
resources. However, this is not always the truth because as it replaces humans to enhance efficiency, it is
also making more jobs opportunities for humans.

Machine Learning
Increasing human's laziness:
The new inventions of Artificial Intelligence are making humans lazier towards their work, resulting in
What is machine learning?
humans being completely dependent on machines and robots. If this continues for more upcoming years,
then our next generations will become entirely dependent on a machine, resulting in further unemployment Machine learning (ML) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows software applications to become
and health issues. more accurate at predicting outcomes without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine learning
algorithms use historical data as input to predict new output values.
Emotionless:
We have always learned since childhood that computers or machines don't have emotions. Humans work Machine Learning algorithms are trained over instances or examples through which they learn from past
like a team, and team management is a key factor for completing a target. However, there is no doubt that experiences and also analyze the historical data.
machines are much better when working efficiently, but it is also true that they never replace the human's Therefore, as it trains over the examples, again and again, it is able to identify patterns in order to make
connection that makes the team. predictions about the future.

Recommendation engines are a common use case for machine learning. Other popular uses include fraud
Lack of creativity:
detection, spam filtering, malware threat detection, business process automation (BPA) and predictive
The biggest disadvantage of Artificial Intelligence is its lack of creativity. Artificial Intelligence is a
maintenance.
technology that is completely based on pre-loaded data. However, Artificial Intelligence can learn over
time with this pre-fed data and past experiences, but it cannot be creative like humans.
Why we need machine learning?

No Ethics: Machine learning is important because it gives enterprises a view of trends in customer behavior and
Ethics and morality are the two most important features of humans, but it isn't easy to incorporate both of business operational patterns, as well as supports the development of new products. Many of today's
these into Artificial Intelligence. AI is rapidly increasing uncontrollably in each sector, so if this continues leading companies, such as Facebook, Google and Uber, make machine learning a central part of their
for the upcoming decades, it may eventually wipe out humanity. operations. Machine learning has become a significant competitive differentiator for many companies.

No improvement: How does machine learning work?

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 15 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 16
Machine learning is a form of artificial intelligence (AI) that teaches computers to think in a similar way • Predicting
to how humans do: Learning and improving upon past experiences. It works by exploring data and The final value of the model is realised, and it is used in real-world settings to make informed
identifying patterns, and involves minimal human intervention. predictions based on available data.

Types of machine learning

Classical machine learning is often categorized by how an algorithm learns to become more accurate in
its predictions.

• Gathering data Supervised learning

Reliable data is collected so that it can then be used to inform the predictive model.
Supervised learning is that the machine learning task of learning a function that maps
• Preparing data an input to an output supported example input-output pairs.
Collected data is pulled together, irrelevant details are removed, and any necessary adjustments
In Supervised Learning, the dataset on which we train our model is labeled. There is a clear
are made (such as correcting errors, removing duplicate data etc.). Data is split into two
and distinct mapping of input and output. Based on the example inputs, the model is able to
sets: training data, which is most of the dataset and will be used with the machine learning
get trained in the instances.
model, and evaluation data, which is used to test the effectiveness of the model after it has
trained.
An example of supervised learning is spam filtering.
Based on the labeled data, the model is able to determine if the data is spam or ham. This is
• Choosing a model
an easier form of training.
A model is selected. Many different machine learning models exist, and some are better suited to
Spam filtering is an example of this type of machine learning algorithm.
specific use cases than others.

• Training
The refined data is used within the chosen model to incrementally improve that model’s
predictive ability.

• Evaluating
After the model has trained on the training data, it is now tested on the evaluation data. By
introducing new data into the model, the effectiveness of its predictive abilities can be assessed.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 17 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 18
 Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning uses algorithms that learn from outcomes and decide which
action to take next. After each action, the algorithm receives feedback that helps it
determine whether the choice it made was correct, neutral or incorrect. It is a good
technique to use for automated systems that have to make a lot of small decisions without
human guidance.

Reinforcement learning is an autonomous, self-teaching system that essentially learns by

trial and error. It performs actions with the aim of maximizing rewards, or in other words,
Unsupervised Learning it is learning by doing in order to achieve the best outcomes.

Unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique in which models are not supervised
using training dataset. Instead, models itself find the hidden patterns and insights from the
given data. It can be compared to learning which takes place in the human brain while
learning new things.
The algorithm is never trained upon the given dataset, which means it does not have any
idea about the features of the dataset. The task of the unsupervised learning algorithm is to
identify the image features on their own.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 19 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 20
Applications of Machine learning 2. Speech Recognition

While using Google, we get an option of "Search by voice," it comes under speech recognition, and it's a
Machine learning is a buzzword for today's technology, and it is growing very rapidly day by day. We are
popular application of machine learning.
using machine learning in our daily life even without knowing it such as Google Maps, Google assistant,
Alexa, etc Speech recognition is a process of converting voice instructions into text, and it is also known as "Speech
to text", or "Computer speech recognition." At present, machine learning algorithms are widely used by
various applications of speech recognition. Google assistant, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa are using speech
recognition technology to follow the voice instructions.

3. Traffic prediction:

If we want to visit a new place, we take help of Google Maps, which shows us the correct path with the
shortest route and predicts the traffic conditions.

It predicts the traffic conditions such as whether traffic is cleared, slow-moving, or heavily congested.

Everyone who is using Google Map is helping this app to make it better. It takes information from the
user and sends back to its database to improve the performance.

4. Product recommendations:

Machine learning is widely used by various e-commerce and entertainment companies such
1. Image Recognition: as Amazon, Netflix, etc., for product recommendation to the user. Whenever we search for some product
on Amazon, then we started getting an advertisement for the same product while internet surfing on the
Image recognition is one of the most common applications of machine learning. It is used to identify same browser and this is because of machine learning.
objects, persons, places, digital images, etc. The popular use case of image recognition and face detection
is, Automatic friend tagging suggestion: Google understands the user interest using various machine learning algorithms and suggests the product
as per customer interest.
Facebook provides us a feature of auto friend tagging suggestion. Whenever we upload a photo with our
Facebook friends, then we automatically get a tagging suggestion with name, and the technology behind As similar, when we use Netflix, we find some recommendations for entertainment series, movies, etc.,
this is machine learning's face detection and recognition algorithm. and this is also done with the help of machine learning.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 21 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 22
5. Self-driving cars: can take place such as fake accounts, fake ids, and steal money in the middle of a transaction. So to
detect this, Feed Forward Neural network helps us by checking whether it is a genuine transaction or a

One of the most exciting applications of machine learning is self-driving cars. Machine learning plays a fraud transaction.

significant role in self-driving cars. Tesla, the most popular car manufacturing company is working on
9. Stock Market trading:
self-driving car. It is using unsupervised learning method to train the car models to detect people and
objects while driving.
Machine learning is widely used in stock market trading. In the stock market, there is always a risk of up

6. Email Spam and Malware Filtering: and downs in shares, so for this machine learning's long short-term memory neural network is used for
the prediction of stock market trends.

Whenever we receive a new email, it is filtered automatically as important, normal, and spam. We always
10. Medical Diagnosis:
receive an important mail in our inbox with the important symbol and spam emails in our spam box, and
the technology behind this is Machine learning. Below are some spam filters used by Gmail:
In medical science, machine learning is used for diseases diagnoses. With this, medical technology is
o Content Filter growing very fast and able to build 3D models that can predict the exact position of lesions in the brain.
o Header filter
It helps in finding brain tumors and other brain-related diseases easily.
o General blacklists filter
o Rules-based filters
11. Automatic Language Translation:
o Permission filters
Nowadays, if we visit a new place and we are not aware of the language then it is not a problem at all, as
7. Virtual Personal Assistant: for this also machine learning helps us by converting the text into our known languages. Google's GNMT
(Google Neural Machine Translation) provide this feature, which is a Neural Machine Learning that
We have various virtual personal assistants such as Google assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Siri. As the name translates the text into our familiar language, and it called as automatic translation.
suggests, they help us in finding the information using our voice instruction. These assistants can help us
in various ways just by our voice instructions such as Play music, call someone, Open an email, The technology behind the automatic translation is a sequence to sequence learning algorithm, which is
Scheduling an appointment, etc. used with image recognition and translates the text from one language to another language.

8. Online Fraud Detection:

Machine learning is making our online transaction safe and secure by detecting fraud transaction.
Whenever we perform some online transaction, there may be various ways that a fraudulent transaction

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 23 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 24
Advantages of Machine Learning interpretation of the results, no human interaction is necessary. The entire machine learning process begins
with machine learning and anticipating the algorithm or program that will produce the best outcome.
1.Improved Accuracy
Machine learning algorithms employ pattern recognition techniques to analyze and extract meaningful
6.Less Stress and More Productivity
insights from data, subsequently utilizing these insights to make more accurate predictions. It can be
With the advent of sophisticated machinery like computers, robotics, and software, the modern workplace
beneficial when dealing with large datasets or constantly changing data. has undergone a significant technological transformation from using simple instruments like pencils,
paper, and typewritten documents to more sophisticated ones like these. While simultaneously providing

2.Cost Reduction a host of benefits. This change could lessen some of the stress connected to employment. To begin, by

Machine learning algorithms can automate specific processes, reducing labor costs and allowing completing jobs swiftly and effectively, machines reduce actual physical labor.

organizations to focus on more value-adding activities. Additionally, machine learning algorithms often
Disadvantages of Machine learning
require fewer data and resources to operate, reducing costs.
1 Data Dependency
Machine learning algorithms are heavily reliant on data for performing any task. These algorithms
3.Scalability
require large amounts of data to learn and make accurate predictions. With the correct data, the results of
Machine learning algorithms can often be scaled up to handle larger datasets, making them suitable for
a machine-learning model can be balanced and accurate.
large-scale applications. It allows organizations to utilize machine learning algorithms to gain insights

from their data without needing additional resources.

2 Privacy and Security
Machine learning algorithms can also help uncover sensitive information from datasets. It means that
4.Increased Efficiency
there are potential privacy and security risks associated with using these algorithms.
Machine learning algorithms can automate specific processes, reducing the time required to process and

analyze data. It can improve overall efficiency and allow organizations to make more informed
3 Overfitting
decisions. Overfitting occurs when a machine learning algorithm fits the data too closely, resulting in overly

complex models that don’t generalize well to unseen data.

5.It is automatic and does not require human interference
Machine learning equips computers with the ability to carry out the entire data interpretation and analysis
process on its own. There is no need for you to supervise your project at every stage. Take for example
how anti-virus programs work. They learn to filter new threats upon identification. For the prediction or

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 25 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 26
4 Time Consumption The aim is to increase the chance of The aim is to increase accuracy, but it does
Training a machine learning algorithm can be a time-consuming process. Depending on the complexity success and not accuracy. not care about; the success

of the given problem and the amount of data available, training can take anywhere from a few hours to
AI is aiming to develop an intelligent
Machine learning is attempting to construct
several days. system capable of
machines that can only accomplish the jobs for
performing a variety of complex jobs.
which they have been trained.
decision-making
5 Data Quality
It works as a computer program that does Here, the tasks systems machine takes data and
Machine learning models are only as good as the data they are working upon. The model’s predictions smart work. learns from data.
will also be excellent or narrow if the data is of good quality or biased.
The goal is to simulate natural intelligence The goal is to learn from data on certain tasks to
to solve complex problems. maximize the performance on that task.

6 Requirement of More Space AI has a very broad variety of

The scope of machine learning is constrained.
applications.
More storage capacity is needed because more data is needed for interpretation, which is one of the biggest
disadvantages of machine learning. It takes a lot of storage space to handle or keep data for further ML allows systems to learn new things from
AI is decision-making.
decision-making because more data means the computer has more information or material to learn from. data.

Difference between AI and ML It is developing a system that mimics

It involves creating self-learning algorithms.
humans to solve problems.

AI ML AI is a broader family consisting of ML

ML is a subset of AI.
and DL as its components.
The terminology “Artificial Intelligence” The terminology “Machine Learning” was first
was originally used by John McCarthy in used in 1952 by IBM computer scientist Three broad categories of AI are : Three broad categories of ML are :
1956, who also hosted the first AI Arthur Samuel, a pioneer in artificial 1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) 1. Supervised Learning
conference. intelligence and computer games. 2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 2. Unsupervised Learning
3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) 3. Reinforcement Learning
AI stands for Artificial intelligence,
ML stands for Machine Learning which
where intelligence is defined as the ability AI can work with structured, semi- ML can work with only structured and semi-
is defined as the acquisition of knowledge or skill
to acquire and apply knowledge. structured, and unstructured data. structured data.

AI is the broader family consisting of ML Machine Learning is the subset of Artificial AI’s key uses include- The most common uses of machine learning-
and DL as its components. Intelligence. • Siri, customer service via chatbots • Facebook’s automatic friend suggestions
• Expert Systems • Google’s search algorithms

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 27 Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 28
 • Machine Translation like Google • Banking fraud analysis
Translate • Stock price forecast
• Intelligent humanoid robots such as • Online recommender systems, and so on.
Sophia,
and so on.

Assignment Questions

• What is AI?
• What are chat bots in AI?
• Explain the applications of AI.
• Explain the types of AI.
• Write about advantages and disadvantages of AI.
• How AI is being used by health care system?
• How AI is being used by business?
• What is ML?
• Explain the types/methods of ML.
• Explain the applications of ML.
• How does ML work?
• Explain the difference between AI and ML.
• Write about advantages and disadvantages of ML.

Thamilselvi M, Asst Prof, GSSS-SSFGC, Mysuru 29