Grammar Pattern 100

Pattern 100
MLVP@AIT
Myanmar Learning Video Production
www.facebook.com/AITcomputermandalay
၂၀၁၃ ၊
၁၀၀၀
၃၀၀၀
( )
(AIT Computer)
(AIT Computer)
AIT Computer Mandalay
၀၉ ၄၀၂၅ ၃၀၆၈၄
Grammar Pattern
AIT Computer
1. Positive  Comparative (be + adj)
2. Comparative  Positive (be + adj)
3. Comparative  Positive (Action Verb + Adv)
4. Comparative  Comparative (Action Verb  Verb to be)
5. Superlative  Positive (No other/There is no other) Pattern 6
6. Superlative  Comparative (“any other”) attern 7
7. Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (No Other)Pattern 8
8. Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (Very Few)attern 9
9. Simile (as.......as)attern 10
10. Superlative  Comparative (ever to never)Pattern 11
11. V1  am/is/are + V3attern 12
12. V2  was/were + V3attern 13
13. am/is/are/was/were + Ving am/is/are/was/were + being + V3 tern
14. has/have/had + V3  has/have/had + being + V35
15. Model Verb +V1  Model Verb + being + V3
16. Model Verb + have + V3  Model Verb + have + been + V3
17. To + V1  to + be + V3
18. Active & Passive Voice (With Agent)
19. Active & Passive Voice (Without Agent)
20. Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Place)
21. Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Time)
22. Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Manner)
23. Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Reason)
24. Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb Phrase)
25. Infinitive to
26. Infinitive without to
27. Verb + Preposition
28. Double Object
29. Active & Passive Negative (Verb to Do)
30. Active & Passive Negative (No one/ No body)
(1)
31. Active & Passive Negative (Anything  Nothing)
32. Active & Passive Negative (ever  never)
33. Active & Passive Negative (People  No one)
34. Active & Passive (Question with Auxiliary Verbs)
35. Active & Passive (Question with Verb to Have)
36. Active & Passive (Question with Verb to Be)
37. Active & Passive (Wh-Question)
38. Passive to Active
39. Either …… or
40. Not only …… but also
41. Both ......and
42. Neither ...... nor
43. Neither ....nor (Neither of)
44. After + V-ing / After + Sub + had + V3
45. After + being + V3 / After + Sub + had + been + V3
46. Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3
47. Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3 (Nobody  Without)
48. Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3 (not  Without)
49. In spite of+V-ing
50. In spite of+Sub+V-ing
51. In spite of+Noun
52. In spite of  Although
53. However Although
54. V-ing (Using Participle)
55. too …. To
56. So .....that  too .........to
57. Too ......to  So .......that
58. Enough..... To
59. So........ That  Enough......... To
60. Enough ...... to  So........ That
61. Too......to  not enough........ To
62. So.......that  Such..........that
(2)
63. As/because  too......to/ enough..........to/ so........that
64. V1  V2
65. V2  had + V3
66. can,will,shall,may +V1  could,would,should,might+V1
67. am, is, are + Ving  was, were + Ving
68. has, have + V3  had + V3
69. might + V1  had to + V1
70. Yes/No Question
71. Wh-Question
72. Request & Command
73. Exclamations
74. Indirect  Direct
75. If  Unless
76. Unless  If
77. From Imperatives to Conditionals (Unless)
78. Sub + V  V + Sub (Beginning with “If”)
79. As soon as  No Sooner ......... than
80. “Never”, “Seldom”, “Hardly”, “Rarely”, “Had”, “Often”
81. Reason Conjunctions (so, as, because)
82. Contrasting Conjunctions (But  Although)
83. When  By the time
84. The D2 … , the D2
85. Noun, Noun
86. Noun who
87. Noun which
88. It is(was) + Noun(Noun Group) + Who Clouse
89. It is(was) + Noun(Noun Group) + That Clouse
90. There is(was) +no +Noun or Noun Group(Singular) +who(that) + not
91. No  Not any ( Model Verb)
92. No  Not any (Verb to do)
93. because + S + V  because of + Noun/Noun Group
94. S+ V + that + S + V  S + V + S + to V1
(3)
95. not only … but also  as well as
96. need + Ving  need to + be + V3
97. Indirect Obj to Direct Obj  Direct Obj + Indirect Obj
98. S + V + too so + V + S
99. S + V + either  neither + V + S
100. would rather ….. than  prefer ……to
(4)
Pattern 100 Page |1
Degrees of Comparison
tv r
။ tv ၃ ။
၁။ Pos t v tv
၂။ Comparat v tv
၃။ up r at v tv ။
Pattern ( ၁၀ ။
Pattern 1
၁။ Positive  Comparative (be + adj)
Pattern 2
၂။ Comparative  Positive (be + adj)
Pattern 3
၃။ Comparative  Positive (Action Verb + Adv)
Pattern 4
၄။ Comparative  Comparative (Action Verb  Verb to be)
Pattern 5
၅။ Superlative  Positive (No other/There is no other)
Pattern 6
၆။ Superlative  Comparat v “any oth r”
Pattern 7
၇။ Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (No Other)
Pattern 8
၈။ Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (Very Few)
Pattern 9
၉။ Simile (as.......as)
Pattern 10
၁၀။ Superlative  Comparative (ever to never)
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |2
Pattern 1 Positive  Comparative (be + adj)
Positive Yangon is not as cold as Taunggyi in winter.

Comparative Taunggyi is colder than Yangon in winter.
၁။ ။
၂။ not + as + Positive Adj(D1) + as er/more(D2) + than ။
၃။ Comparat v Patt rn "not" ။
Exercise
(1) Yangon is not as hot as Mandalay.
Mandalay is _________________________________________
(2) Your car is not as expensive as mine.
My car is ___________________________________________
(3) Chairs made of wood are not as attractive as those made of cane.
Chairs made of cane are ________________________________
(4) The sprocket-wheel is not as large as the chain-wheel on a bicycle.
The chain-wheel is ____________________________________
(5) Your knife is not as sharp as that one.
That knife is _________________________________________
(6) Yin Yin is not as thin as her sister Tin Tin.
Tin Tin is ___________________________________________
(7) This chapter is not as difficult as that one.
That chapter is _______________________________________
(8) Wealth is not as important as health.
Health is ____________________________________________
(9) Diesel oil is not as expensive as petrol.
Petrol is ____________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |3
Pattern 2 Comparative  Positive (be + adj)
Comparative An elephant is bigger than a tiger.

Positive A tiger is not as big as an elephant.
၁။ ။
၂။ er/more(D2) + than not + as + Positive Adj(D1) + as ။
၃။ Pos t v Patt rn r at v ။
r "not" ။
Exercise
(1) Kalaw is cooler than Taunggyi.
Taunggyi is _________________________________________
(2) A mile is longer than a kilometer.
A kiolmeter is _______________________________________
(3) Rich people are usually happier than the poor.
The poor are _________________________________________
(4) Apples are sweeter than oranges.
Oranges are _________________________________________
(5) A television set is more expensive than a cassette.
A cassette is _________________________________________
(6) AIDS is worse than malaria.
Malaria is ___________________________________________
(7) Camping is more exciting than putting up at a hotel.
Putting up at a hotel is _________________________________
(8) The pen is mightier than the sword.
The sword is _________________________________________
(9) This contract is more satisfactory than the previous one.
The previous contract is ________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |4
Pattern 3 Comparative  Positive (Action Verb + Adv)
Comparative Su Su drives more carefully than Mon Mon

Positive Mon Mon does not drive as carefully as Su Su.
Comparative
၁။ ။
၂။ Comparative Pattern Positive Verb Positive Pattern at v r
။
၃။ er/more(D2) + than as + Positive Adv(D1) + as ။
Exercise
(1) Ko Ko did better than Nyi Nyi in the examination.
Nyi Nyi did not ______________________________________
(2) Light travels faster than sound.
Sound does __________________________________________
(3) Our teacher can explain this chapter more clearly than yours.
Your teacher _________________________________________
(4) Jasmine smells sweeter than rose.
Rose does ___________________________________________
(5) Nyi Nyi plays the guitar better than his brother.
His brother does ______________________________________
(6) Learning Chinese takes longer than learning English.
Learning does ________________________________________
(7) My uncle can speak English more fluently than my aunt.
My aunt can _________________________________________
(8) A hawk can fly higher than a crow.
A crow can __________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |5
Positive Verbs  Negative Verbs
No Positive Verb Negative Verb
1 Auxiliary Verbs
am, is, are am, is, are
was, were was, were + not
has, have, had has, have, had
2 Model Verbs
can, could can, could
will, would will, would
shall, should shall, should + not
may, might may, might
must must
3 Present Verb (V1)
V1 + (s,es) does + not + V1
V1 do + not + V1
4 Past Verb (V2)
V2 did + not + V1
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |6
Pattern 4 Comparative  Comparative (Action Verb  Verb to be)
Comparative U Aye teaches English better than U Lwin.

Compatative U Aye is a better English teacher than U Lwin.
၁။ t on r r to ။ r to
u t ။ u t r r m nt
။
၂။ t on r Article + Adv + Doer ။
t a h t a h r p ay p ay r rv rv r ။
၃။ Patt rn r ty
။
Exercise
(1) Ko Ko did better than Nyi Nyi in the examination.
Ko Ko was __________________________________________
(2) Light travels faster than sound.
Light is _____________________________________________
(3) Our teacher can explain this chapter more clearly than yours.
Our teacher is ________________________________________
(4) Jasmine smells sweeter than a rose.
Jasmine is ___________________________________________
(5) Nyi Nyi plays the guitar better than his brother.
Nyi Nyi is ___________________________________________
(6) Learning Chinese takes longer than learning English.
Learning Chinese is ___________________________________
(7) My uncle can speak English more fluently than my aunt.
My uncle is _________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |7
Pattern 5 Superlative  Positive (No other/There is no other)
Superlative March is the hottest month of the year.

Positive No other month of the year is as hot as March.
Positive There is no other month of the year as hot as March.
၁။ o oth r h r s no oth r ။
၂။ up r at v r th oun as as ။
၃။ o oth r r to ။
၄။ h r s no oth r h r s s r to
။
Exercise
(1) Mg Mg is the tallest boy in the class.
No other ____________________________________________
(2) Autumn is the most pleasant time of the year.
No other ____________________________________________
(3) That Mon Myint is the most popular model in Myanmar.
There is no other _____________________________________
(4) Chaung Tha is the most beautiful beach in Myanmar.
No other ____________________________________________
(5) My uncle is the most reliable person in this company.
There is no other _____________________________________
(6) Fuji is the most famous mountain in Japan.
There is no other _____________________________________
(7) Moth r’s m k s th st foo for a s.
No other ____________________________________________
(8) Petroleum is the most valuable commodity.
No other ____________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |8
Pattern 6 Superlative  Comparat v “any oth r”
Superlative The Ayarwaddy is the longest river in Myanmar.

Comparative The Ayarwaddy is longer than any other river in Myanmar.
Superlative
၁။ th oun than ။
၂။ than oun or oun roup any other + Noun or
Noun roup ။
Exercise
(1) Minbu is the hottest town in Myanmar.
Minbu is ____________________________________________
(2) The Mahamuni is the greatest pagoda in Mandalay.
The Mahamuni is _____________________________________
(3) The Sahara is the largest desert in the world.
The Sahara is ________________________________________
(4) Diamond is the most precious gem in the world.
Diamond is __________________________________________
(5) Thazin is the talktive girl in their family.
Thazin is ____________________________________________
(6) U Pon Nya is the greatest dramatist in Myanmar literature.
U Pon Nya is ________________________________________
(7) The Pacific is the largest and deepest ocean in the world.
The Pacific is ________________________________________
(8) Su Su is the most attractive girl in the party.
Su Su is ____________________________________________
(9) Pyin-Oo-Lwin is the most beautiful hill-station in our country.
Pyin-Oo-Lwin is _____________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 Page |9
Pattern 7 Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (No Other)
Positive No other river in the world is as long as the Nile.

Positive There is no other river in the as long as the Nile.
world
Comparative The Nile is longer than any in the world.
other river
Superlative The Nile is the longest river in the world.
၁။ o oth r There is no oth r o oth r s

။
၂။ Comparat v as as than any oth r
။
၃။ up r at v th oun ။
Exercise
(1) There is no other wall in the world as long as the Great Wall.
No other ____________________________________________
The Great Wall ______________________________________
(2) There is no other river in Myanmar as long as the Ayeyawaddy.
No other ____________________________________________
The Ayeyawaddy _____________________________________
(3) No other country in Asia is as wealthy as Japan.
There is no other _____________________________________
Japan ______________________________________________
(4) There is no pagoda in Bagan as beautiful as Arnada.
No other ____________________________________________
Arnanda_____________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 P a g e | 10
Pattern 8 Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (Very Few)
Positive Very few eatables are as delicious as hamburger.

in this snack bar
Positive There are very few as delicious as hamburger.
eatables in this
snack bar
Comparative Hamburger is more delicious in this snack
than most other bar.
eatables
Superlative Hamburger is one of the most in this snack
delicious eatables bar.
Positive
၁။ ry f w There are v ry f w r
to ။
၂။ Comparat v as as than most oth r ။
၃။ up r at v on of th oun ။
Exercise
(1) Ngwesaung is one of the most pleasant beach resorts in Myanmar.
Ngwesaung is ........................................................................................................
Very few ..............................................................................................................
(2) “ tan ” s mor fas nat n than most oth r f ms I hav v r s n.
“ tan ” s ..........................................................................................................
There are very few ...............................................................................................
(3) Very few persons I have known are as systematic as U Myo.
U Myo is ..............................................................................................................
There are very few ...............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 9 Simile (as.......as)
Simple Her teeth are white. They are like pearl.

Simile Her teeth are as white as pearl.
၁။ tv as as ။
၂။ tv v ry qu t Int ns f r ။
၃။ u k ။
၄။ Noun/Noun Phrase/Noun Claus ။
Exercise
(1) His face was white. It was like the wall behind him.
His face ................................................................................................................
(2) The scene along the beach is beautiful. It is like a picture.
The scene .............................................................................................................
(3) My younger brother is restless. He is like a monkey.
My younger brother .............................................................................................
(4) Her mouth is sweet. It is like a ripe fig.
Her mouth ............................................................................................................
(5) The old man was very humble. He looked like a hermit.
The old man .........................................................................................................
(6) Her eyes are bright. They looked like sparkling diamonds.
Her eyes ...............................................................................................................
(7) He lay straight. He was like mummy.
He .........................................................................................................................
(8) She is proud; she is like a peacock.
She .......................................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 10 Superlative  Comparative (ever to never)
Superlative She is the kindest I have ever known.

girl
Comparative I have never known the girl
kinder than
she.
၁။ v r ။
၂။ v r n v r ။
၃။ th oun than ။
Exercise
(1) This is the best school I have ever attended.
I have ...................................................................................................................
(2) Moe Moe is the most hardworking girl I have ever encountered.
I have ...................................................................................................................
(3) I have never seen a better film than Dandaryi.
Dandaryi ..............................................................................................................
(4) This is the most exciting speech I have ever known.
I have ...................................................................................................................
(5) Swe Swe is the brightest girl I have ever taught.
I have ...................................................................................................................
(6) This is the largest battle that they have ever fought.
They have .............................................................................................................
(7) This is the easiest problem that they have ever solved.
They have .............................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Active & Passive

Patt rn ၂၈ ။
Pattern 11
၁။ ၁  am/is/are + V3
Pattern 12
၂။ ၂  was/were + V3
Pattern 13
၃။ am/ s/ar /was/w r n am/is/are/was/were + being + V3
Pattern 14
၄။ has/hav /ha ၃  has/have/had + being + V3
Pattern 15
၅။ Mo r ၁  Model Verb + being + V3
Pattern 16
၆။ Mo r hav ၃  Model Verb + have + been + V3
Pattern 17
၇။ o ၁  to + be + V3
Pattern 18
၈။ Active & Passive Voice (With Agent)
Pattern 19
၉။ Active & Passive Voice (Without Agent)
Pattern 20
၁၀။ Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Place)
Pattern 21
၁၁။ Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Time)
Pattern 22
၁၂။ Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Manner)
Pattern 23
၁၃။ Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Reason)
Pattern 24
၁၄။ Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb Phrase)
AIT Computer
Pattern 25
၁၅။ Inf n t v to
Pattern 26
၁၆။ Infinitive without to
Pattern 27
၁၇။ Verb + Preposition
Pattern 28
၁၈။ Double Object
Pattern 29
၁၉။ Active & Passive Negative (Verb to Do)
Pattern 30
၂၀။ Active & Passive Negative (No one/ No body)
Pattern 31
၂၁။ Active & Passive Negative (Anything  Nothing)
Pattern 32
၂၂။ Active & Passive Negative (ever  never)
Pattern 33
၂၃။ Active & Passive Negative (People  No one)
Pattern 34
၂၄။ Active & Passive (Question with Auxiliary Verbs)
Pattern 35
၂၅။ Active & Passive (Question with Verb to Have)
Pattern 36
၂၆။ Active & Passive (Question with Verb to Be)
Pattern 37
၂၇။ Active & Passive (Wh-Question)
Pattern 38
၂၈။ Pass v to tv
AIT Computer
Pattern 11 V1  am/is/are + V3
Active Waiter and waitresses serve the customers.

Passive The customers are served by waiter and waitresses
၁။ t ။
၂။ r n am/ s/ar ။
oun ar ။
၃။ ။
၄။ u t y ။
Exercise
(2) The announcer broadcasts the weather for the month after the news.
The weather for the month ______________________________
(3) The teacher teaches the students.
The students _________________________________________
(4) Vehicles and factories cause air pollution.
Air pollution _________________________________________
(5) Daw Lay looks after us when our parents are away.
We _________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 12 V2  was/were + V3
Active The students arranged the chairs.

Passive The chairs were arranged by the students.
၁။ t ။
၂။ r wo was/w r ။
oun w r ။
၃။ ။
၄။ u t y ။
Exercise
(1) U Ngwe Gaing painted this picture.
This picture .....................................................................................
(2) My father planted this tree.
This tree ..........................................................................................
(3) A hurricane destroyed the small fishing village.
The small fishing village ................................................................
(4) The teacher told the students to bring their textbooks.
The students ...................................................................................
(5) The doctor advised the patient to take a salt-free diet.
The patient ......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 13 am/is/are/was/were + Ving am/is/are/was/were + being + V3
Active The workmen are repairing some parts of the

Sagaing Bridge.
Passive Some parts of the Sagaing Bridge are being repaired by the workmen.
၁။ t ။
၂။ ar n ar n ။
oun ar ။
၃။ n ။
၄။ u t y ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 14 has/have/had + V3  has/have/had + been + V3
Active The thief has stolen my bicycle.

Passive My bicycle has been stolen by the thief.
၁။ t ။
၂။ has + V3 has + been ။
oun has ။
၃။ ။
၄။ u t y ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 15 Model Verb +V1  Model Verb + be + V3
Active The bad weather will delay the plane.

Passive The plane will be delayed by the bad weather.
၁။ t ။
၂။ will + V1 will + be ။
၃။ 1 V3 ။
၄။ u t y ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 16 Model Verb + have + V3  Model Verb + have + been + V3
Active By this time the president will have made the announcement.
tomorrow,
Passive By this time the will have been made by the president.
tomorrow, announcement
၁။ t ။
၂။ w hav w hav n ။
၃။ ။
၄။ u t y ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 17 To + V1  to + be + V3
Active They are going to pull down their house.

Passive Their house is going to be pulled down.
၁။ t ။
၂။ to + V1 to + be ။
၃။ 1 V2 ။
၄။ u t y ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 18 Active & Passive Voice (With Agent)
Active My grandfather planted this tree.

Passive This tree was planted by my grandfather.
၁။ t ။
၂။ tv r orm Pass v r orm ။
၃။ u t y
။
Exercise
(1) The fire destroyed many valuable paintings.
Many valuable paintings ________________________________
(2) Two horses were pu n th farm r’s wa on.
h farm r’s wa on ___________________________________
(3) After class, one of the students always erases the chalkboard.
After class, the chalkboard ______________________________
(4) The assistant manager interviewed me.
I ___________________________________________________
(5) The cook was roasting the meat.
The meat _____________________________________________
(6) Scotland beat England 3-0 at Wembley Stadium.
England _____________________________________________
(7) U Aye wrote the prize winning novel.
The prize winning novel ________________________________
(8) The father built this house.
This house ___________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 19 Active & Passive Voice (Without Agent)
People speak English all over the world.

English is spoken all over the world.
၁။ t ။
၃။ u t y
။
၄။ y ။
(a) Pronoun - I, We, You, They, He, She, It
(b) General - People, All, One, etc......
(c) Indefinite - Someone, Somebody, Anyone, Anybody,
Everyone, Everybody, No one, Nobody
Exercise
(1) They will open the new university next October.
The new university .......................................................................
(2) They are going to hang the murderer next Monday.
The murderer .................................................................................
(3) They're building a new supermarket near the church.
A new supermarket ........................................................................
(4) They are taking the refugees to a camp outside the village.
The refugees ..................................................................................
(5) They have translated Shakespeare's plays into many languages.
hak sp ar ’s p ays ......................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 20 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Place)
In Passive Pattern, put Adverb of Place from Active Pattern after

passive verb.
Khin Khin will meet you at the station.

You will be met at the station by Khin Khin.
၁။ t ။
၃။ ။
Exercise
(1) The police found the stolen jewels on the top of the cupboard.
The stolen jewels ............................................................................................
(2) An ambulance took the sick man to the hospital.
The sick man ...................................................................................................
(3) Maha Bandoola led the Myanmar army at the battle of Pan Wa.
The Myanmar army ........................................................................................
(4) The tourist guide showed the tourists some historical buildings in
Mandalay.
The tourists .....................................................................................................
(5) Somebody stole a valuable painting from the Central Art Gallery late
last night.
A valuable painting .........................................................................................
(6) They discussed this problem at the last meeting.
This problem ...................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 21 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Time)
Put Adverb of Time from Active Pattern at the end of sentence.
Mother bought some mangoes Yesterday.

Some mangoes were bought by mother Yesterday.
၁။ t ။
၃။ ။
Exercise
(1) Daw Thuzar will send her son to school on Thursday.
Her son ..........................................................................................
(2) 15,000 people were watching the match when the accident took place.
The match .....................................................................................
(3) My sister had locked all the doors before we left the house.
All the doors .................................................................................
(4) The police have caught the robber in the liqueur shop during his
attempt to rob the owners.
The robber .....................................................................................
(5) Aung Aung and Mg Mg will play football with us tomorrow.
Football .........................................................................................
(6) The government will build a new hospital here next years.
A new hospital ..............................................................................
(7) The grandparents brought up the children after the tragic death of
their parents.
The children ..................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 22 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Manner)
Put Adverb of Manner from Active Pattern in front of V3.
Father beat Ko Ko angrily.

Ko Ko was angrily beaten by father.
၁။ t ။
၃။ ။
Exercise
(1) The singer sang a new song beautifully.
A new song ...................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 23 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Reason)
Put Adverb of Reason from Active Pattern after by + Agent.
The teacher punished Aye Aye for talking in the class.

Aye Aye was punished by the teacher for talking in the class.
၁။ t ။
၃။ y nt ။
Exercise
(1) His father beat him for not attending classes regularly.
He ..................................................................................................
(2) The teacher scolded Min Min for not doing homework.
Min Min ........................................................................................
(3) My father will buy me a bicycle for my birthday.
I .....................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 24 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb Phrase)
In Passive Pattern, put Adverb Phrase from Active Pattern after by Agent.
The cat killed the rat with a stroke of its paw.

The rat was killed by the cat with a stroke of its paw.
၁။ t ။
၃။ y nt ။
Exercise
(1) The tiger killed the traveller with a stroke of its paw.
The traveller ..................................................................................
(2) Savages attacked the traveller with knives.
The traveller ..................................................................................
(3) The Tun foundation presented our school with a generous donation.
Our school .....................................................................................
(4) The thieves entered the gallery through a small upstairs window.
The gallery ....................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 25 Infinitive to
If Infinitive Phrase (to + V 1) includes in Active Pattern, put it after

by + Agent.
The examiner instructed the candidates to write in ink.

The candidates were instructed by the examiner to write in ink.
၁။ t ။
၃။ to y nt ။
Exercise
(1) The teacher instructed the children to write with pencil.
The children ..................................................................................
(2) The teacher allowed the boys to go and watch the match.
The boys ........................................................................................
(3) The doctors advised the patient not to eat rice.
The patient ....................................................................................
(4) The instructor showed us how to operate the machine.
We .................................................................................................
(5) The lady showed the porter where to put the luggage.
The porter ......................................................................................
(6) The doctor advised my father to give up drinking and smoking.
My father ......................................................................................
(7) The teacher taught us how to write an essay.
We .................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 26 Infinitive without to
If Infinitive without to includes in Active Pattern, you can transform not only
to + V1 but also V-ing.
We saw Ma Ma water the flower plants.

Ma Ma was seen to water the flower plants.
Ma Ma was seen watering the flower plants.
၁။ t ။
၃။ to Inf n t v r to or n ။
Exercise
(1) We saw Mg Mg plant the flower plants.
Ma Ma ...........................................................................................
(2) We heard her use bad words.
She ................................................................................................
(3) We saw the snake glide into its hole.
The snake ......................................................................................
(4) The old man urged his sons to be united.
His sons .........................................................................................
(5) My brother helped me carry the luggage.
I .....................................................................................................
(6) The instructor showed the students how to use a computer.
The students ..................................................................................
(7) Teachers should train their students to become good citizens.
The students ..................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 27 Verb + Preposition
Change Verb + Obj + Preposition to Passive Verb + Preposition.
A lorry knocked him down.

He was knocked down by a lorry.
၁။ t ။
၃။ Verb + Obj + Preposition Passive Verb + Preposition ။
Exercise
(1) A car ran over the dog.
The dog .........................................................................................
(2) The children laughed at the funny looking man.
The funny looking man .................................................................
(3) Some people believe in astrology.
Astrology ......................................................................................
(4) People often take him for his brother.
He ..................................................................................................
(5) The crowed shouted him down.
He ..................................................................................................
(6) He turned out all the lights before he went to bed.
All the lights .................................................................................
(7) The fire-brigade put the fire out before it became serious.
The fire ..........................................................................................
(8) All the ministers will see him off at the airport.
He ..................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 28 Double Object
Someone gave her a bull dog.

She was given a bull dog.
A bull dog was given to her.
၁။ t ။ P rsona t
r t t ။
၃။ P rsona t to ။
Exercise
(1) The people gave the Minister a hearty welcome.
The Minister ..................................................................................
(2) They will give the starving people a week's supply of rice.
The starving people ......................................................................
(3) We should give all children the best possible education.
All children ...................................................................................
(4) The house agent showed U Hla and Daw Aye some very nice flats.
U Hla and Daw Aye ......................................................................
(5) They have never taught that rude boy good manners.
That rude boy ................................................................................
(6) The policeman asked me my name and address.
I .....................................................................................................
(7) The officials refused some of the travellers permission to land.
Some of the travellers ...................................................................
(8) The lawyer gave him the details of his uncle's will.
He ...................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 29 Active & Passive Negative (Verb to Do)
The thief did not make a sound.

A sound was not made by the thief.
၁။ t ။
၂။ at v tv r orm at v Pass v r orm ။
(a) do, does + not + V1  am, is, are + not + V3
(b) did + not + V1  was, were + not + V3
၃။ u t y ။
Exercise
(1) The teacher did not punish anyone yesterday.
Someone ___________________________________________
(2) Some people don't eat onions.
Onions _____________________________________________
(3) Mg Mg does not clean the room.
The room ___________________________________________
(4) Ko Ko did not kill anybody in the last battle.
Somebody __________________________________________
(5) I did not do my homework yesterday.
My homework _______________________________________
(6) I did not watch the television last night.
The television ________________________________________
(7) Ko Ko did not eat dinner yesterday.
Dinner _____________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 30 Active & Passive Negative (No one/ No body)
No one made a sound.

A sound was not made.
၁။ t ။
၂။ Pos t v tv r at v Pass v r ။
(a) V1  am, is, are + not + V3
(b) V2  was, were + not + V3
၃။ o on / o o y ။
Exercise
(1) No one can do anything before he comes.
Something .....................................................................................
(2) Nobody has ever seen such an animal before.
Such an animal before ..................................................................
(3) Nobody heard anything about the missing child.
Something .....................................................................................
(4) No one can cheat you if you are clever.
You ...............................................................................................
(5) Nobody can control this horse except for his master.
This horse ......................................................................................
(6) No one has signed this cheque.
This cheque ...................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 31 Active & Passive Negative (Anything  Nothing)
No one can do anything before he comes.

Nothing can be done before he comes.
၁။ t nyth n oth n ။
၂။ tv r Pass v r ။
၃။ o on / o o y ။
Exercise
(1) No body said anything about it at the meeting.
Something __________________________________________
(2) I have not eaten anything since morning.
Something __________________________________________
(3) He has not done anything.
Something __________________________________________
(4) You cannot found anybody in that old house.
Somebody __________________________________________
(5) You should not take anything away from the laboratory.
Something __________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 32 Active & Passive Negative (ever  never)
Nobody has ever seen such an animal before.

Such an animal has never been seen before.
၁။ t ။
၂။ v r n v r ။
၃။ tv r form Pass v r form ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 33 Active & Passive Negative (People  No one)
People are not allowed to smoke in the cinema hall.

No one is allowed to smoke in the cinema hall.
၁။ P op o on ။
၂။ o on r ။
၃။ o on not ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 34 Active & Passive (Question with Auxiliary Verbs)
Questions beginning with Auxiliary Verbs.
Do foolish drivers cause accidents?

Are accidents caused by foolish drivers?
၁။ t u t r to o r
to ။
Exercises
(1) Do you fill in the application from correctly?
Do _________________________________________________
(2) Doesn't he give you an explanation for his absence?
Doesn't _____________________________________________
(3) Do they grow rice in Europe?
Does _______________________________________________
(4) Do rich people always help the poor?
Do _________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 35 Active & Passive (Question with Verb to Have)
Has the postman delivered the letters?

Have the letters been delivered by the postman?
၁။ t u t r to av
။
Exercises
(5) Has anyone repaired the phone yet?
Has ________________________________________________
(6) Has the teacher marked your book?
Has ________________________________________________
(7) Have you copied the note from the blackboard?
Have _______________________________________________
(8) Has someone repaired the fence yet?
Has ________________________________________________
(9) Have they found the missing child?
Have _______________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 36 Active & Passive (Question with Verb to Be)
Is the teacher marking your exercise books?

Are your exercise books being marked by the teacher?
၁။ t u t r to ။
AIT Computer
Pattern 37 Active & Passive (Wh-Question)
Questions beginning with Wh-Question Words
When will John receive the money?

When will the money be received by john?
Why did the teacher beat Aung Aung?

Why was Aung Aung beaten by the teacher?
Who broke the window pane?

By whom was the window pane broken?
၁။ ho y whom ။
၃။ u t y nt ။
Exercise
(1) When will Kyaw Kyaw receive the money?
When _________________________________________________
(2) Where did you find this key?
Where _________________________________________________
(3) What language do those people speak?
What __________________________________________________
(4) Who has turned out the light?
Who __________________________________________________
(5) When did someone invent the radio?
When _________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 38 Passive to Active
America was discovered by Columbus

Columbus discovered America
She was stung by a jelly fish.

A jelly fish stung her.
Computers are used almost all over the world.

People use computers almost all over the world.
၁။ y nt y ။
၂။ y nt P op ။
Exercise
(1) Paper, the main writing material today, was invented by the Chinese.
The Chinese ..................................................................................
(2) The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every
day.
Hundreds of people .......................................................................
(3) Language Skills are taught in every school in our country.
People ...........................................................................................
(4) The new highway will be completed some time next month.
They ..............................................................................................
(5) The rumor must have been started by our opponents.
Our opponents ...............................................................................
AIT Computer
Paired Conjunction
Pattern 39
Patt rn ၅ ။
၁။ E th r …… or
Pattern 40
၂။ ot on y …… but also
Pattern 41
၃။ Both ......and
Pattern 42
၄။ Neither ...... nor
Pattern 43
၅။ Neither ....nor (Neither of)
AIT Computer
Pattern 39 Either …… or
You can have coffee or You can have milk.

You can have either coffee or milk.
၁။ oun th r or ။
၂။ th r or u t or oun
r ။
Exercise
(1) According to the weather report, it will snow tonight or it will rain
tonight.
According to the weather report, it will .......................................
(2) My uncle wants to buy a Toyota, or he wants to buy a BMW.
My uncle .......................................................................................
(3) We could fly, or we could take the train.
We .................................................................................................
(4) You may place the books on the shelf or you may place the books on
the desk.
You may ........................................................................................
(5) You may have a camera for your birthday or you may have a watch
for your birthday.
You may ........................................................................................
(6) They'll go to Taunggyi for their vacation, or they'll go to Ngapali.
They'll ...........................................................................................
(7) I can lend you my car or my bike, but not both.
I can ..............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 40 Not only …… but also
Mg Mg will come and Mi Mi will come too.

Not only Mg Mg but also Mi Mi will come.
၁။ oun not on y ut a so ။
၂။ not on y ၁ ut a so u t ut a so
oun r ။
၃။ too ။
Exercise
(1) I shall go sailing and swimming on my holiday.
I .....................................................................................................
(2) He cheated his friends. He also cheated his parents.
He ..................................................................................................
(3) His brother writes plays. He also acts in them.
Not only ........................................................................................
(4) You must remember my address and you must also remember my
phone number.
You must .......................................................................................
(5) Our class teacher is very kind to us. She is also very patient to us.
Our class teacher ...........................................................................
(6) Driving a car at high speed is liable to a heavy fine. It is also liable to
imprisonment.
Driving a car at high speed ...........................................................
(7) That man was faithful to his father. He was obedient to him.
That man was ................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 41 Both ......and
Mg Soe was late. Mg Phyo was late.

Both Mg Soe and Mg Phyo were late.
၁။ oun oth an ။
၂။ both + N1 + and u t r
P ura ။
Exercise
(1) Toe Aung is intelligent and so is Moe Aung.
Both ...............................................................................................
(2) I don't want anything to eat and neither does my friend.
Both ...............................................................................................
(3) Ngapali is a beautiful beach. Chaungtha is a beautiful beach.
Both ...............................................................................................
(4) I was not only tired but also hungry when I arrived home.
I was ..............................................................................................
(5) Apples are grown in Chin State. Apples are grown in Shan State too.
Apples ...........................................................................................
(6) Aung Aung has gone to Japan and so has Tun Tun.
Both ...............................................................................................
(7) History can teach us morals and so can religion.
History ..........................................................................................
(8) Thidar is on holiday and so is Nilar.
Both ...............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 42 Neither ...... nor
Ko Ko o sn’t k coffee and so does Nyi Nyi.

Neither Ko Ko nor Nyi Nyi likes coffee.
၁။ oun n th r nor ။
၂။ n th r nor u t nor oun
r ။
၃။ r ။
Exercise
(1) Kyaw Kyaw doesn't smoke and he doesn't drink either.
Kyaw Kyaw ..................................................................................
(2) Aye Aye wasn't at home and she wasn't at school either.
Aye Aye ........................................................................................
(3) My father doesn't like going to the Pwes and neither do my mother.
Neither ..........................................................................................
(4) Kyaw Min and Kyaw Win do not attend the classes regularly.
Neither ..........................................................................................
(5) The manager isn't at the meeting. Neither is the secretary.
Neither ..........................................................................................
(6) He does not understand both the first and the second questions.
He ..................................................................................................
(7) He does not have stamina and he does not have skill either.
He ..................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 43 Neither ....nor (Neither of)
Both the questions are not easy.

Neither of the questions is easy.
၁။ th r of oun ။
၂။ th r of r ။
၃။ not ။
Exercise
(1) Both the brothers are not to be trusted.
Neither of ......................................................................................
(2) Both the brothers did not pay attention to their studies.
Neither of ......................................................................................
(3) The two boys are not hardworking.
Neither of ......................................................................................
(4) Both of us have never been to Kalaw.
Neither of ......................................................................................
(5) Both actors were not good.
Neither of ......................................................................................
(6) The first contract is not a good one and neither is the second.
Neither of ......................................................................................
(7) I won't choose the first and the second candidates.
I .....................................................................................................
(8) Both his sons are not married.
Neither of ......................................................................................
(9) The first coat does not fit her and neither does the second coat.
Neither of ......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Ving
Pattern 44 Patt rn ၁၁ ။
၁။ After + V-ing / After + Sub + had + V3

Pattern 45
၂။ After + being + V3 / After + Sub + had + been + V3
Pattern 46
၃။ Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3
Pattern 47
၄။ Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3 (Nobody  Without)
Pattern 48
၅။ Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3 (not  Without)
Pattern 49
၆။ In spite of+V-ing
Pattern 50
၇။ In spite of+Sub+V-ing
Pattern 51
၈။ In spite of+Noun
Pattern 52
၉။ In sp t of  Although
Pattern 53
၁၀။ However Although
Pattern 54
၁၁။ V-ing (Using Participle)
AIT Computer
Pattern 44 After + V-ing / After + Sub + had + V3
Aye Aye washed her clothes. Then she took a bath.

After Aye Aye had washed her clothes, she took a bath.
After washing her clothes, Aye Aye took a bath.
၁။ “ ft r u ha 3 ” ။
၂။ Ma n C aus u t ။
၃။ ft r n u t oun ။
Exercise
(1) He sat for his final exam. Then he applied for a job.
After _______________________________________________
(2) She wrote a letter and then went to post it.
After _______________________________________________
(3) Mother washed the clothes. Then she hung them on the line.
After _______________________________________________
(4) The director came into the room and greeted everyone. Then he took
a seat.
After _______________________________________________
(5) The principal gave a speech and then gave away the prizes.
After _______________________________________________
(6) The old lady took the medicine than she felt better.
After _______________________________________________
(7) The girl gave me an angry look then went out of the room.
After _______________________________________________
(8) The baby cried loudly. Then he fell asleep.
After _______________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 45 After + being + V3 / After + Sub + had + been + V3
Passive Form
They punished the thief. He never stolen again.

After being punished, the thief never stolen again.
၁။ ft r n Pass v o ။
၂။ ft r n ။
၃။ After + Sub + had + been + V3 ။
Exercise
(1) The materials were packed attractively first and then they were put on
sale.
After ..............................................................................................
(2) The fruits and vegetables were washed first and then they were kept
in the refrigerator cabinets.
After ..............................................................................................
(3) The houses were destroyed by a storm. Then they were rebuilt by the
villagers.
After ..............................................................................................
(4) The clothes were washed first, and then they were hung on the lines.
After ..............................................................................................
(5) The books were corrected. They were returned to the students.
After ..............................................................................................
(6) The buildings were destroyed by a violent earthquake.
After ..............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 46 Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3
Mother went to market. She did not take any money with her.
Mother went to market without taking any money with her.
၁။ at v r n w thout
။
၂။ “w thout + V-ing/ being + V3”
omma ။
Exercises
(1) She took my bicycle. She did not ask for permission.
She ................................................................................................
(2) The boy wore the shirt. He did not iron it.
The boy .........................................................................................
(3) She resigned from her work. She did not consult anyone.
She ................................................................................................
(4) He would not come if you didn't invite him.
He ..................................................................................................
(5) Mother posted the letter. She did not put a stamp on it.
Mother ...........................................................................................
(6) Nilar cooked the vegetables but she did not wash it.
Nilar ..............................................................................................
(7) They listened to the lecture but wrote nothing down.
They ..............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 47 Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3 (Nobody  Without)
She came to the party. Nobody invited her.

She came to the party without being invited.
၁။ at v r n w thout
။
၂။ Pass v o n w thout ။
၃။ o o y u t ။
၄။ “w thout -ing/ being + V3”
omma ။
Exercises
(1) He left out of the classroom. Nobody noticed him.
He _________________________________________________
(2) The students swept the fallen leaves although nobody asked them.
The students _________________________________________
(3) He repaired the tap. NO one reminded him.
He _________________________________________________
(4) Sandar did all the housework. Nobody told her.
Sandar _____________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 48 Without + V-ing / Without + being + V3 (not  Without)
The girl cried. She was not beaten.

The girl cried without being beaten.
၁။ at v r n without
။
၂။ Pass v o n w thout ။
၃။ thout not ။
၄။ “w thout -ing/ being + V3”
comma ။
Exercise
(1) I could not finish the work if I was not given enough time.
He _________________________________________________
(2) The books were returned to the library although they were not read.
The books ___________________________________________
(3) He attended the wedding ceremony. He was not invited.
He _________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 49 In spite of+V-ing
Although he is old, he is still strong.

In spite of being old, he is still strong.
၁။ thou h/ hou h In sp t of ။
၂။ u thou h C aus u ။
၃။ In sp t of n r n ။
Exercises
(1) Although she was hungry, she didn't eat anything.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
(2) Although they have very little money, they are happy.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
(3) Although she had all the necessary qualifications, she didn't get the
job.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
(4) My brother passed the examination easily although he was lazy.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
(5) Although he is young, he is very wise.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
(6) Although Hla Hla is beautiful, she is not friendly.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
(7) Although he is very rich, he is not happy.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
(8) Although the Brazil team played well, they lost.
In Spite of ......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 50 In spite of+Sub+V-ing
Although it was stormy, we went out sailing.

In spite of it being stormy, we went out sailing.
၂။ u thou h C aus u ။
၃။ ။
၄။ In sp t of n r n ။
Exercises
(1) Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest
village.
In Spite of ___________________________________________
(2) Although the weather was bad, we went out for a walk.
In Spite of ___________________________________________
(3) Although Mg Mg always did his best, his father was not pleased.
In Spite of ___________________________________________
(4) Although Su Su is beautiful, nobody likes her.
In Spite of ___________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 51 In spite of+Noun
Although it was stormy, we went out sailing.

In spite of the storm, we went out sailing.
၂။ In sp t of oun Noun rt h ။
Exercise
(1) Although there was a storm, the ship left the harbor.
In Spite of .....................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 52 In spite of  Although
In spite of being poor, they are honest.

Although they are poor, they are honest.
၁။ In sp t of thou h ။
၂။ thou h u r ။
၃။ omma ။
Exercises
(1) In spite of being very rich, she did not contend.
Although ........................................................................................
(2) In spite of being hot, she is wearing a pullover.
Although ........................................................................................
(3) However hard she tried, she could not solve this problem.
Although ........................................................................................
(4) In spite of being very beautiful, Su Su is not proud.
Although ........................................................................................
(5) In spite of his tiredness, he went on playing.
Although ........................................................................................
(6) In spite of the heavy rain, they went out.
Although ........................................................................................
(7) In spite of his carelessness, he never gets scolding from his teacher.
Although ........................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 53 However Although
(b)
However hard he tried, he never stood first in the class.
Although he tried hard, he never stood first in the class.
၁။ ow v r thou h ။
၂။ thou h u r ။
၃။ omma ။
၄။ v r r ။
Exercise
(1) However fast you run, you will never catch me.
Although ____________________________________________
(2) However hard my brother worked, he never succeeded.
Although ____________________________________________
(3) However hard she studied, she did not pass the examination.
Although ____________________________________________
(4) However hard he tried, he did not get any bachelor.
Although ____________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 54 V-ing (Using Participle)
She had a good rest and felt much better.

Having a good rest , She felt much better.
When they heard th r fath r’s footst ps the boys ran away.
Hearing th r fath r’s footst ps the boys ran away,
၁။ r n ။
Exercise
(1) I heard the fire alarm, and dashed out of my room.
Hearing .........................................................................................
(2) The pickpockets ran away when they saw police coming towards
them.
Seeing ...........................................................................................
(3) He took out of his shirt pocket and started to read.
Taking ...........................................................................................
(4) I bought a ticket for you because I know you wanted to go to the
concert.
Knowing .......................................................................................
(5) He decided to take it again as he had failed the examination for the
first time.
Failing ...........................................................................................
AIT Computer
Positive Adjective
Pattern ၉ ။
Pattern 55
၁။ too …. To
Pattern 56
၂။ So .....that  too .........to
Pattern 57
၃။ Too ......to  So .......that
Pattern 58
၄။ Enough..... To
Pattern 59
၅။ So........ That  Enough......... To
Pattern 60
၆။ Enough ...... to  So........ That
Pattern 61
၇။ Too......to  not enough........ To
Pattern 62
၈။ So.......that  Such..........that
Pattern 63
၉။ As/because  too......to/ enough..........to/ so........that
AIT Computer
Pattern 55 too …. To
The child is very young. an’t look after himself.

The child is too young. to look after himself.
The coffee is very hot. I an’t drink it.

The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
၁။ at v ။
၂။ tv too ။ v ry ။
၃။ u t ။
၄။ u t u t for t ။
၅။ at v ။
၆။ Ma n r to ။
၇။ ။
Exercise
(1) He is very lazy. He will not lift a finger to help.
He ....................................................................................................................
(2) The sum is very complex. The students cannot solve it.
The sum ..........................................................................................................
(3) She is very weak. She cannot participate in the tournament.
She ..................................................................................................................
(4) That woman is very fat. She cannot climb that hill.
That woman ....................................................................................................
(5) This iron is very useful. We cannot sell it.
This iron ..........................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 56 So .....that  too .........to
’s got so fat that h an’t wear this shirt now.

’s got too fat to wear this shirt now.
This box was so heavy that I could not lift it.

This box was too heavy for me to lift.
၁။ so too ။
၂။ u t “too a to 1” ။
၃။ u t “too a for to 1” ။
၄။ ။
Exercise
(1) We are so tired that we cannot walk any further.
We .................................................................................................
(2) The bag was so heavy that the child could not carry it.
The bag .........................................................................................
(3) The lesson was so difficult that nobody understood it.
The lesson .....................................................................................
(4) The bus was so crowed that I could cot get on it.
The bus ..........................................................................................
(5) The shirt is so big that a little boy can't wear it.
The shirt ........................................................................................
(6) The wall is so high that the dog can't climb over it.
The wall ........................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 57 Too ......to  So .......that
She is too young to go to school.

She is so young that she cannot go to school.
The tree was too high for me to climb.

The tree was so high that I could not climb it.
၁။ too so ။
၂။ ns Pr s nt ns “so a that annot 1”
။
၃။ ns Past ns “so a that ou not + V1”
။
၄။ u t ။
၅။ for t u t ။
၆။ hat C aus r rans t v r t or th m
။
Exercise
(1) The girl was too excited to read the question paper carefully.
The girl ............................................................................................................
(2) The patient was too weak to walk any further.
The patient ......................................................................................................
(3) This T-shirt is too big for the little boy to wear.
This T-shirt .....................................................................................................
(4) These grapes are too sour for us to eat.
These ...............................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 58 Enough..... To
My sister is very clever. She can pass the examination.

My sister is clever enough to pass the examination.
Nyi Nyi is not old. He cannot drive a car.

Nyi Nyi is not old enough to drive a car.
Are you very tall? Can you reach that picture.

Are you tall enough to reach that picture.
The fruit is ripe. I can eat it.

The fruit is ripe enough for me to eat.
I have strength. I can lift the box.

I have enough strength to lift the box.
၁။ “a nou h to 1” ။
၂။ tv oun “ nou h oun to 1”
။
၃။ u t enough + for Obj + to V1 ။
AIT Computer
Exercise
(1) The girl is very smart. She will score high marks.
The girl ..........................................................................................
(2) I am very hungry. I can eat a whole pot of rice.
I .....................................................................................................
(3) She feels very energetic. She can go on working.
She ................................................................................................
(4) This piece of bread is soft. The baby can chew.
This piece of bresd ........................................................................
(5) She is very efficient. She can manage the office.
She ................................................................................................
(6) That girl is very attractive. She will become a popular model girl.
That girl ........................................................................................
(7) Her English is not very sound. She cannot become an interpreter.
Her English ...................................................................................
(8) The dog isn't very big. It won't harm you.
The dog .........................................................................................
(9) He is quiet well. He can go out again now.
He ..................................................................................................
(10) The oranges are ripe. We can pick them.
The ................................................................................................
(11) He is strong. He can lift that box without help.
He ..................................................................................................
(12) The apartment is large. Two families can live in it.
The apartment ...............................................................................
(13) The plums are ripe. You can make jam.
The plums .....................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 59 So........ That  Enough......... To
The question is so easy that I can solve it.

The question is easy enough for me to solve.
၁။ “a nou h to 1” ။
၂။ tv oun “ nou h oun to 1”
။
၃။ u t enough + for Obj + to V1 ။
Exercise
(1) The sum is so easy that the students can do it by themselves.
The sum ........................................................................................
(2) U Mya is so rich that he can buy that luxurious car.
U Mya ...........................................................................................
(3) The rope is so long that it can go around the large box.
The rope ........................................................................................
(4) You are so old that you ought to know better.
You ...............................................................................................
(5) Your nails are so long that they might scratch anybody's eyes out.
Your nails ......................................................................................
(6) The space is so wide that we can use it as a playground.
The space ......................................................................................
(7) The apartment is so large that two families can live in it.
The apartment ...............................................................................
(8) Aung Aung is so tall that he can touch the ceiling.
Aung Aung ....................................................................................
(9) The wind blew so strongly that it blew away all the roofs.
The wind .......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 60 Enough ...... to  So........ That
I am tired enough to sleep all night.

I am so tired that I can sleep all night.
The house was big enough for our family to live in.
The house was so big that our family could live in it.
၁။ / v so ။
၂။ ns Pr s nt ns “so a that annot 1”
။
၃။ ns Past ns “so a that ou not + V1”
။
၄။ u t ။
၅။ for t Subject ။
၆။ hat C aus r rans t v r t or th m
။
Exercise
(1) He plays the guitar well enough to perform in a concert.
He plays ____________________________________________
(2) The moon is bright enough for me to read a book by it.
The moon ___________________________________________
(3) These fruits are ripe enough for us to pick.
These fruits _________________________________________
(4) The dog is clever enough to open the door.
The dog ____________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 61 Too......to  not enough........ To
The book is too difficult for me to read.

The book is not easy enough for me to read.
၁။ too ot ။
၂။ tv tv ။
၃။ nou h for to ။
Aye Aye is not old enough to drive a car.

Aye Aye is too young to drive a car.
၁။ not to ။
၂။ tv tv ။
၃။ too for to ။
Exercise
(1) The parcel is too big to be sent by post.
The parcel .....................................................................................
(2) The hall is too small to celebrate a wedding ceremony.
The hall .........................................................................................
(3) The current of the river is too fast to cross.
The current of the river .................................................................
(4) That girl is too young to marry.
That girl ........................................................................................
(5) The cradle is too small for the baby to sleep in.
The cradle .....................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 62 So.......that  Such..........that
The question is so easy that even a child can answer it.

It is such an easy question that even a child can answer it.
My neighbours are so nice that I like them very much.

My neighbours are such nice people that I like them very much.
၁။ so su h ။
၂။ tv ow Consonant a an
။
၃။ oun tv ။
၄။ oun a/an ။
၅။ that ။
Exercise
(1) The picture is so enchanting that everybody admires it.
It ....................................................................................................
(2) The journey was so interesting that we can never forget it.
It ....................................................................................................
(3) I have so many friends that I never feel lonely.
I .....................................................................................................
(4) My uncle is so fat that he can't tie up his own shoes.
My uncle .......................................................................................
(5) Aye Aye is so attractive that she has many admires.
Aye Aye ........................................................................................
(6) Ko Ko has so much money that he doesn't know what to do with it.
Ko Ko ............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 63 As/because  too......to/ enough..........to/ so........that
Nyi Nyi could not eat anything because he was very sick.
Nyi Nyi was too sick to eat anything.
The coffee won't keep us awake as it isn't very strong.

The coffee isn't strong enough to keep us awake.
As my father was very pleased, he bought me a new bicycle.

My father was so pleased that he bought me a new bicycle.
Nobody saw him because he went out very quietly.

He went out so quietly that nobody saw him.
၁။ rammar u ။
Exercise
(1) We didn't go out because the weather was very bad.
The weather _________________________________________
(2) As the rain was very heavy, the bridge was washed away.
The rain ____________________________________________
(3) None of us can read your handwriting as it is very bad.
Your handwriting _____________________________________
(4) I can't read such small prints without glasses as my eyesight is not
good.
My eyesight _________________________________________
(5) I can't wear this shirt because I'm getting very fat.
I __________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Direct & Indirect
English r t
p h In r t p h ။ r t p h
p ak r ။
uotat on Mark ' … ', " ….."
။ In r t p h port p h
ns Pronoun tv
v r ။
Tense Changes
Direct Indirect
1 V1(s,es) V2
2 V2 had + V3
3 has,have + V3 had + V3
can could
will would
3
shall + V1 should + V1
may might
4 must + V1 had to + V1
5 am,is,are + Ving was,were + Ving
AIT Computer
Changes in Adverb of time and Place
Direct Indirect
1 here there
2 now then
3 this that
4 today that day
5 tomorrow the next day
6 yesterday the day before
7 last + time word the previous + time word
8 next + time word the following +time word
Pronoun Changes
Subject Object Possive Possive Reflexive

Pronoun Pronoun Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
st I me my mine myself
1
we us our ours ourselves
nd you you your yours yourself
2
you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
rd she her her hers herself
3
it it its itself
they them their theirs themselves
AIT Computer
Pattern 64
Patt rn ၁၁ ။
၁။ ၁  V2
Pattern 65
၂။ ၂  had + V3
Pattern 66
၃။ an w sha may ၁  could,would,should,might+V1
Pattern 67
၄။ am s ar n  was, were + Ving
Pattern 68
၅။ has hav ၃  had + V3
Pattern 69
၆။ m ht ၁  had to + V1
Pattern 70
၇။ Yes/No Question
Pattern 71
၈။ Wh-Question
Pattern 72
၉။ Request & Command
Pattern 73
၁၀။ Exclamations
Pattern 74
၁၁။ Indirect  Direct
AIT Computer
Pattern 64 V1  V2
Aye Aye said, "I want to be an artist."

Aye Aye said that she wanted to be an artist.
၁။ sa sa that Comma ။
၂။ I she ။ y y
၃။ ။
Exercises
(1) Thida said, “ h sun r s s n th ast.”
Thida ______________________________________________
(2) “I am a trav r who has om from v ry far away” h xp a n .
He _________________________________________________
(3) “I pray that I sha w n th ott ry th s month.” Moth r sa .
Mother _____________________________________________
(4) h youn man sa “I th nk I’ o a tt t of ar n wh t s
st ht.”
The young man ______________________________________
(5) Mya Mya sa to o o “I want my ook a k f you hav f n sh
t.”
Mya Mya ___________________________________________
(6) h pup s sa to th t a h r “ o not un rstan th s para raph
that you tau ht us y st r ay.”
The pupils __________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 65 V2  had + V3
U Ba said, "I studied at this twenty years son."

university ago,
U Ba said to his son he had at that twenty years
that studied university ago.
st nd
P rson a ။ P rson
nd
။ sa that Person
nd nd
2 P rson said to + 2 P rson that ။
၁။ sa said to his son that Comma ။

၂။ 2 had + V3 ။
၃။ th s that ။
Exercises
(1) The girl sa to h r fr n “I w nt shopp n at th n w stor to ay.”
The girl ..........................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 66 can,will,shall,may +V1  could,would,should,might+V1
The boy said, "I will go to the cinema with my father."

The boy said that he would go to the cinema with his father.
၂။ w wou ။
၃။ my hs ။
Exercises
(1) “I w k p my pot of o h r .” sa th o man.
The old man _________________________________________
(2) Z ya sa “I w a you at r th s v n n Mo Mo .”
Zeya _______________________________________________
(3) h u sa to th tour st “You an s th hw a on Pa o a
from your room.”
The guide ___________________________________________
(4) h traff po man sa to th r v r “You’ hav to pay a f n .”
The traffic policeman __________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 67 am, is, are + Ving  was, were + Ving
The bus conductor said, "This seat is set aside for monks".
The bus conductor said that that seat was set aside for monks.
၂။ th s that ။
၃။ ။
The teacher said to his pupils, "You are very obedient students."
The teacher told his pupils that they were very obedient students.
sa to h s pup s to h s pup s
say + something said + something
tell + someone + something told + someone + something
say sa som on to
t to to
၁။ sa to told Comma ။
၂။ you th y ။ s pup s
၃။ ar w r ။
Exercise
(1) The woman said to her neighbor “ ar mov n hous n xt
summ r.”
The woman ...................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 68 has, have + V3  had + V3
Mya Mya said, "I have done all my homework."

Mya Mya said that she had done all her homework.
၂။ I sh ။
၃။ hav ha ။
၄။ my h r ။
(1) “ h ra n has om at ast.” sa th o man.

The old man _________________________________________
(2) “I’v m ss my tra n ” sa n n “an now I’ at for
work and my boss will be furious.”
Win Win ____________________________________________
(3) aw Mya Mya sa to h r au ht r “ ’v run out of ook n o .”
Daw Mya Mya _______________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 69 might + V1  had to + V1
Aung Aung said, "I must go now."

Aung Aung said that he had to go then.
၁။ sa sa that Comma(,) ။
၂။ I h ။
၃။ must ha to ။
၄။ now then ။
Exercise
(1) h t a h r sa to a a “You must not for t what I to you n

th ast sson.”
The teacher ......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 70 Yes/No Question
Thida said to Hla Hla, "Are you happy today?"

Thida asked Hla Hla if she was happy that day.
၁။ sa ask want to know from ။

၂။ f or wh th r ။
၃။ am s ar was w r ။ u t u t
။
၄။ to ay that ay ။
၅။ r to r to av Mo r u t ။
၆။ r to o r ns ။ o o s
။ ha ။
(1) yo M sa to th ta or “ av you s wn on my uttons as I

ask ?”
Nyo Me .........................................................................................
(2) ar ar sa to moth r “ you not what sh was w ar n ?”
War War ........................................................................................
(3) Kh n Kh n sa to h r moth r “Can you p k m up aft r s hoo ?”
Khin Khin .....................................................................................
(4) “ o s th s us o to th hw a on Pa o a?” sa th stran r.
The stranger ..................................................................................
(5) o o sa to h r fr n s “ av you ha your un h?”
Soe Soe .........................................................................................
(6) h moth r sa “ on you f n th ook that you w r ook n
for?”
The mother ....................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 71 Wh-Question
The girl said to me, "When shall I see you again?"

The girl asked me when she should see me again.
၁။ sa ask want to know from ။

၂။ Wh Question ။
၃။ am s ar was w r ။ u t u t
။
၄။ r to r to av Mo r u t ။
၅။ r to o r ns ။ o o s
။ ha ။
Exercises
(1) “ h r hav you n son?” sa moth r.

Mother ...........................................................................................
(2) “ hat an I o for you a a?” sa Ko Ko.
Ko Ko ............................................................................................
(3) h r sa to un un “ h r o you v ?”
The girl ..........................................................................................
(4) “ h h s hoo o you att n M ?” asked the woman.
The woman ...................................................................................
(5) h youn r ask m “ ow o you know my nam ?”
The young girl ..............................................................................
(6) ath r sa “ ow mu h you pay for th s p n son?”
Father ............................................................................................
(7) Moth r sa “ hy on’t you t up ar y son?”
Mother ...........................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 72 Request & Command
The teacher said to her pupils, "Listen to me carefully."

The teacher told her pupils to listen to her carefully.
၁။ ၊ ၊ to ။ P as ။
၂။ not to ။
၃။ Grammar u ။
Exercises
(1) Moth r sa “ on’t p ay n th ra n h r n.”
Mother ...........................................................................................
(2) h r sa “P a uy m a n w y fath r.”
The girl ..........................................................................................
(3) “ a t for you s n t ” sa th awy r to h s nt.
The lawyer ....................................................................................
(4) “ h nk w for you answ r ” th t t v warn h r.
The detective .................................................................................
(5) “ on’t ar u w th m ” sa th r to h m.
The girl ..........................................................................................
(6) “Mak oo us of your t m ” th t a h r sa to us.
The teacher ....................................................................................
(7) “P as h p m to ook for my ass s ” sa moth r to h r au ht r.
Mother ...........................................................................................
(8) “P as o out an uy m a n wspap r M n ” sa n un.
Uncle Tun .....................................................................................
(9) “ o hom now an stay th r unt w r turn ” sa ath r to m .
Father ............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 73 Exclamations
He said, "How sour the fruit is!"

He said that the fruit was very sour.
၁။ sa sa that ။
၂။ ow hat ။
၃။ / v u Sub + Be +very + / v ။
Exercises
(1) h sa “ ow ov y th ros s ar !”
She ................................................................................................
(2) sa “ ow th oran s ar !”
He ..................................................................................................
(3) h sa “ ow ious the foo s!”
She ................................................................................................
(4) She said, “ hat a f n morn n !”
She .................................................................................................
(5) sa “ hat a oo a!”
He ..................................................................................................
(6) h sa “ hat a n pa !”
She ................................................................................................
(7) h sa “ ow sa ty th arry s!”
She ................................................................................................
(8) Ma Ma sa “ ow oo th morn n s!”
Ma Ma ...........................................................................................
(9) h sa “ hat a ov y o !”
She ................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 74 Indirect  Direct
The girl said that she liked to wear flowers in her hair.
The girl said, "I like to wear flowers in my hair."
၁။ sa that sa ။
၂။ Pronoun ။
၃။ ns ။
Exercises
(1) The girl said that she liked to wear flowers in her hair.
The girl ..........................................................................................
(2) Mg Mg told Ma Ma that he needed her help.
Mg Mg ..........................................................................................
(3) Mother asked her sons what they were doing there.
Mother ...........................................................................................
(4) The teacher told her pupils to read aloud.
The teacher ....................................................................................
(5) Mother told her children not to make a noise.
Mother ...........................................................................................
(6) The girl told Aung Aung that she had something to show him.
The girl ..........................................................................................
(7) He asked her if she liked it.
He ..................................................................................................
(8) Mya Mya told Bo Bo that she wanted her book back after he had
finished it.
Mya Mya .......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Conditional
Pattern 75 Pattern ( ၃ ။
၁။ If  Unless
Pattern 76
၂။ Unless  If
Pattern 77
၃။ From Imperatives to Conditionals (Unless)
AIT Computer
Pattern 75 If  Unless
If you work hard, you will pass the examinaition.

Unless you work hard, you will not pass the examination.
If you water the plants, they won't die.

Unless you water the plants, they will die.
If she does not take my advice, she will lose the game.
Unless she takes my advice, she will lose the game.
If you want to pass the examination , you must try hard.

Unless you try hard, you will not pass the examination.
၁။ n ss If ။
၂။ If C aus at v Patt rn Ma n C aus Pos t v Patt rn
။
၃။ If C aus Pos t v Patt rn Ma n C aus at v Patt rn
။
၄။ n ss at v ။
၅။ want to w not ။
၆။ ။
AIT Computer
Exercise
(1) If the train goes off the rail, all the passengers will be badly hurt.
Unless ............................................................................................
(2) If th r v r r s s h h r w ’ hav to mov upsta rs.
Unless ............................................................................................
(3) If you go there, you will get what you want.
Unless ............................................................................................
(4) If it is your rightful properly, it will come to your house.
Unless ............................................................................................
(5) If you o as I t you you’ su ed.
Unless ............................................................................................
(6) If you wat r th p ants th y won’t .
Unless ............................................................................................
(7) If she takes my advice, she will not get into trouble.
Unless ............................................................................................
(8) If you tak an um r a w th you you won’t t w t.
Unless ............................................................................................
(9) If you are punctual, you will not be scolded.
Unless ............................................................................................
(10) If t ra ns w won’t o out.
Unless ............................................................................................
(11) If th p ants t nou h ra n an sunsh n th y won’t .
Unless ............................................................................................
(12) If you behave well, you will not be punished.
Unless ............................................................................................
(13) I will not finish my work in time if you do not help me.
Unless ............................................................................................
(14) They will go out for a walk if the weather is not bad.
Unless ............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 76 Unless  If
Unless he likes the book, he won't buy it.

If he does not like the book, he won't buy it.
If he likes the book, he will buy it.
၁။ n ss If ။
၂။ If C aus at v Patt rn Ma n C aus Positive Pattern
။
၃။ If C aus Pos t v Patt rn Ma n C aus at v Patt rn
။
၄။ ။
Exercise
(1) Unless he works harder, h won’t pass th xam nat on.
If .....................................................................................................
(2) n ss th s k man o s to hosp ta h won’t t tt r.
If .....................................................................................................
(3) Unless that bird flies away, the cat will catch him.
If .....................................................................................................
(4) n ss you r n th th s rvant won’t om .
If .....................................................................................................
(5) The traveller in the desert will die of thirst unless he finds water soon.
If .....................................................................................................
(6) Unless the rain stops you are not to leave the house.
If .....................................................................................................
(7) Unless you study harder you will fail.
If .....................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 77 From Imperatives to Conditionals (Unless)
Finish your homework or you will be punished.

Unless you finish your homework , you will be punished.
၁။ n ss u t You ။
၂။ oma ။
Exercise
(1) Keep quiet, or the teacher will be angry with us.
Unless ............................................................................................
(2) Be careful, or you will hurt yourself.
Unless ............................................................................................
(3) Sit still or you will fall down.
Unless ............................................................................................
(4) o as you ar to oth rw s you’ sm ss .
Unless ............................................................................................
(5) Put on your a k t or s you’ at h o .
Unless ............................................................................................
(6) Do as you are told or you will get no dinner.
Unless ............................................................................................
(7) Go and buy some water- r ss or I won’t fry you mushroom.
Unless ............................................................................................
(8) Stop fighting or the teacher will punish you.
Unless ............................................................................................
(9) Tell him to run or he will miss the train.
Unless ............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Inversion
Pattern 78
Patt rn ၃ ။
၁။ Sub + V  u nn n w th “If”
Pattern 79
၂။ s soon as  No Sooner ......... than
Pattern 80
၃။ “ v r” “ om” “ ar y” “ ar y” “ a ” “ ft n”
AIT Computer
Pattern 78 Sub + V  u nn n w th “If”
Had I any money, I would give you some.

If I had any money, I would give you some.
Were my brother here, he would protect me.

If my brother were here, he would protect me.
Should it rain, I shall stay at home.

If it should rain, I shall stay at home.
If it rains, I shall stay at home.
၁။ “ r u ” “If u r ။
၂။ hou u r r m nt ။
Exercise
(1) Were there more rooms in this house, I would buy it.
If .....................................................................................................
(2) Had I known that, I should not have made this mistake.
If .....................................................................................................
(3) Were I a bird, I would fly to you.
If .....................................................................................................
(4) a n’t th ar stopped, it would have knocked me off my bicycle.
If .....................................................................................................
(5) Should you require anything else please ring the bell for the
attendant.
If .....................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 79 As soon as  No Sooner ......... than
As soon as the teacher had entered the room , we stood up.

No sooner had the teacher entered the room than we stood up.
The thief had just entered the house when we woke up.
No sooner had the thief entered the house than we woke up.
၁။ s soon as o soon r ။ o soon r ။

၂။ “ u ha ” Patt rn “ a u ” Patt rn ။
၃။ than ။
၄။ ust ။
၅။ wh n than ။
၆။ ns Past ns did u ။
Exercise
(1) As soon as she had got into bed, a burglar opened the window.
No sooner .......................................................................................
(2) I had just laid the table when the files came swarming round the food.
No sooner .......................................................................................
(3) The patient had just been discharged from hospital when he slipped
and broke his leg.
No sooner .......................................................................................
(4) She had just hung the clothes outside when it started to drizzle.
No sooner .......................................................................................
(5) She had just switched on the television when the light went out.
No sooner .......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 80 “ v r” “ om” “ ar y” “ ar y” “ a ” “ ft n”
I have never seen such beautiful flowers.

Never have I seen such beautiful flowers.
He has hardly got up at this hour.

Hardly has he got up at this hour.
၁။ v r ။
၂။ “ u r ” Patt rn “ r u ” Patt rn ။
၃။ ။
Exercise
(1) I had never heard such a terrible noise.
Never .............................................................................................
(2) We rarely have such a stormy weather.
Rarely ............................................................................................
(3) I can never forget the wonderful time we had together.
Never .............................................................................................
(4) My sister has seldom gone to the movies.
Seldom ..........................................................................................
(5) If I had known the truth, I would have told you.
Had ................................................................................................
(6) They never disobey their parents.
Never .............................................................................................
(7) I can hardly believe my own ears.
Hardly ...........................................................................................
AIT Computer
Conjunctions
Pattern 81 Patt rn ၃ ။
၁။ Reason Conjunctions (so, as, because)

Pattern 82
၂။ Contrasting Conjunctions (But  Although)
Pattern 83
၃။ When  By the time
AIT Computer
Pattern 81 Reason Conjunctions (so, as, because)
Cause Effect
He was late, so he ran to school.
As he was late, he ran to school.
Effect Cause
He ran to school as/because he was late.
၁။ Caus so Eff t ။
၂။ Eff t as/ aus Caus ။
Cause Effect
It was such a beautiful afternoon that we decided to go out for a walk.
We decided to go out for a walk as/because it was such a beautiful afternoon.
၁။ Eff t as/ aus Caus ။

၂။ that ။
AIT Computer
Exercise
(1) As the police got nearer, the crowd started throwing stones.
The police __________________________________________
(2) I n’t v h m th answ r aus I n’t know.
I __________________________________________________
(3) Aye Aye was very sad as she had last her ring.
Aye Aye ____________________________________________
(4) I n’t want to ta k to h r so I k pt on work n .
As _________________________________________________
(5) I gave Mg Mg a sandwich as he was hungry.
Mg Mg _____________________________________________
(6) She was very thirsty, so I gave her something to drink.
As _________________________________________________
(7) He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall sleep.
People _____________________________________________
(8) He went to school early as he had to attend a special class.
He _________________________________________________
(9) It was such a hot day that we could to no work.
We ________________________________________________
(10) I n’t want to m t h m so I k pt on wa k n .
As _________________________________________________
(11) I pretended to be asleep because I did not want to talk to him.
I __________________________________________________
(12) Pauk Pauk left her village as she was not happy there.
Pauk Pauk ___________________________________________
(13) w nt w thout h r aus sh wasn’t r a y n t m .
She ________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 82 Contrasting Conjunctions (But  Although)
The cafe was crowded, but we found a table.

Although the cafe was crowded, we found a table.
၁။ “ ut” Contrast n Con un t ons ။

၂။ thou h ut ။
Exercises
(1) He expressed his love for her but she refused to marry him.
Although ........................................................................................
(2) She has a number of relatives living nearby, but she never visits them.
Although ........................................................................................
(3) I r p at th s nt n thr tm s ut th y n’t un rstan what
to do.
Although ........................................................................................
(4) She lied to me, but I still trust her.
Although ........................................................................................
(5) He speaks English often, but she still speaks it badly.
Although ........................................................................................
(6) The joke was funny, but no one laughed.
Although ........................................................................................
(7) My uncle has a car, but he rarely uses it.
Although ........................................................................................
(8) He was innocent, but he was sent to prison.
Although ........................................................................................
(9) She has plenty of money, but she is very mean.
Although ........................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 83 When  By the time
By the time he reached there , night had fallen.

When he reached there , night had fallen.
It was twelve midnight when I woke up.

By the time I woke up , it was twelve midnight.
၁။ h n y th t m ။
၂။ ။
Exercise
(1) The film had already started when we reached the cinema hall.
By the time ....................................................................................
(2) By the time I got to the ticket counter, all the tickets were sold out.
When .............................................................................................
(3) The children had gone to bed by the time he got home.
When .............................................................................................
(4) When the bell rang, we had answered all the questions.
By the time ....................................................................................
(5) The patient was already dead when the doctor arrived.
By the time ....................................................................................
(6) The baby was already born when the midwife arrived at the door.
By the time ....................................................................................
(7) By the time we reached home it began to rain.
When .............................................................................................
AIT Computer
Parallel Structure
Pattern 84 The D2 … , the D2
He read more and , but he understood less and

more less.
The more he read , the less he understood.
If the sun is high , the day is hot.

The higher the sun , the horter the day.
၁။ “ h 2 + Sub + Verb, the D2 u r .” Patt rn ။

၂။ r to ။
၃။ ။
Exercise
(1) When the night is dark, the danger is great.
The .................................................................................................
(2) It is better for you if you smoke less.
The .................................................................................................
(3) If you ask for more, they will give you less.
The .................................................................................................
(4) If you eat more, you will become sleepy.
The .................................................................................................
(5) If I have to wait long, I become more impatient.
The .................................................................................................
(6) As he become rich, he helped many people.
The .................................................................................................
(7) If you advertise more, people will buy more.
The .................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Nouns In Apposition
Pattern 85 Noun, Noun
We all admire Bogyoke Aung San. Bogyoke is our national hero.

We all admire Bogyoke Aung San, our national hero.
U Hla is absent today. U Hla is our Geography teacher.

U Hla, our Geography teacher, is absent today.
၁။ oun oma ။
၂။ u t oma ။
Exercise
(1) This poem was composed by U Pon Nya. U Pon Nya was a great
Myanmar poet.
This poem .......................................................................................................
(2) Thuya often play truant. Thuya is the only son of the richest man in
our town.
Thuya ..............................................................................................................
(3) Potatoes are starchy tubers. They are usually eaten either boiled or
baked or fried.
Potatoes ...........................................................................................................
(4) Bagan is the ancient city of Myanmar. It is well-known for its
ancient pagodas.
Bagan ..............................................................................................................
(5) Nat Mauk is in Upper Myanmar. Nat Mauk is a town where Bogyoke
Aung San was born.
Nat Mauk ........................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Relative Pronoun
Pattern 86 Noun who
The man was very nice. He interviewed me.

The man who interviewed me was very nice.
၁။ at v Pronoun ။
၂။ who ။
၃။ ၊ that ၊ wh r wh n
။
Exercises
(1) The old man is very patient. He drives our school bus.
The old man ..................................................................................
(2) The man was arrested. He had stolen a car.
The man ........................................................................................
(3) The boy is a university student. He delivers our newspapers.
The boy .........................................................................................
(4) The scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet.
The scientist ..................................................................................
(5) I met a woman. She can speak six languages.
I .....................................................................................................
(6) King Okkalapa built the Shwedagon Pagoda. He received four sacred
hairs of Buddha.
King Okkalapa ..............................................................................
(7) A woman answered the phone. She told me you were out.
A woman .......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 87 Noun which
The keys have disappeared. They were on this table.

The keys which were on this table have disappeared.
၁။ at v Pronoun ။
၂။ who ။
၃။ ၊ that/which ၊ wh r
wh n ။
Exercise
(1) The cat belongs to my aunt. It had a bushy tail.
The cat _____________________________________________
(2) The picture was very interesting. It had been filmed in Thailand.
The picture __________________________________________
(3) Have you returned the books? You borrowed it from the library.
Have _______________________________________________
(4) The book is very informative. It costs only ten kyats.
The book ___________________________________________
(5) I like your coat. You wore it to the party.
I __________________________________________________
(6) That pagoda was destroyed by an earthquake. It has now been rebuilt.
That pagoda _________________________________________
(7) A bus goes to Hlaing-tha-yar. It runs every half hour.
A bus ______________________________________________
(8) Ni Ni was looking after a dog. Its leg had been broken in an accident.
Ni Ni ______________________________________________
AIT Computer
Emphatic Writing
Pattern 88 It is(was) + Noun(Noun Group) + Who Clouse
Fleming discovered penicillin.

It was Fleming who discovered penicillin.
၁။ “It s/was oun/ oun roup who/that aus ” Patt rn ။

၂။ It s It was ။
၃။ who ၊ that ၊
wh r wh n ။
Exercises
(1) Kyaw Kyaw always comes to school early.
It ....................................................................................................
(2) Farmers grow rice during the rainy season.
It .....................................................................................................
(3) The thief was sent to prison by the judge.
It .....................................................................................................
(4) The students chose him as representative of their class.
It .....................................................................................................
(5) My mother always goes to the monastery on sabbath days.
It .....................................................................................................
(6) My father always watches television in the evening.
It .....................................................................................................
(7) Daw Lay has bought some flowers from the market.
It .....................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 89 It is(was) + Noun(Noun Group) + That Clouse
Fleming discovered penicillin.

It was penicillin that Fleming discovered.
၁။ “It s/was oun/ oun roup + who/that aus ” Patt rn ။

၂။ It s It was ။
၃။ who ၊ that ၊
wh r wh n ။
Exercise
(1) The young prince agreed to attend the ceremony.
It .......................................................................................................................
(2) Aung Aung always spends his vacation in Pyin-Oo-Lwin.
It .......................................................................................................................
(3) He gave her a diamond ring.
It .......................................................................................................................
(4) She won the gold medal in the swimming contest.
It .......................................................................................................................
(5) Columbus discovered America.
It .......................................................................................................................
(6) Mg Mg gained a distinction in English.
It .......................................................................................................................
(7) My grandmother always finds faults.
It .......................................................................................................................
(8) Saung Oo Hlaing composed this song.
It .......................................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Double Negative Pattern

Pattern 90 There is(was) +no +Noun or Noun Group(Singular) +who(that) + not
Every mother loves her own children.

There is no mother who/that does not love her own children.
All the students in this class wear school uniforms.

There is no student in this class that doesn't wear a school uniform.
People use all over the world.

computers
There is no place in the people do not use
where
world computers.
There is no place in the computers are not
where
world used.
There is no place in the no one uses computers.
where
world
၁။ “ h r s/was no s n u ar who/that/where +not ” Patt rn

။
၂။ verb present t ns “ h r s” Past ns “ h r
was” ။
၃။ plural noun s n u ar noun ။
၄။ who ၊ that ၊
wher wh n ။
၅။ r n at v s n u ar v r form ။
AIT Computer
Exercise
(1) All the songs composed by Myo Ma Nyein were good and
interesting.
There .............................................................................................
(2) Everybody in our family keeps the sabbath on Sabbath day.
There ..............................................................................................
(3) All the apartments in this building have been sold out.
There ..............................................................................................
(4) Everybody in the house heard the noise.
There ..............................................................................................
(5) Everyone in this class passed the exam.
There ..............................................................................................
(6) Every letter sent to me was important.
There ..............................................................................................
(7) Every patient wants to get well.
There ..............................................................................................
(8) Every actor wants to win popularity.
There ..............................................................................................
(9) All women want to look beautiful.
There ..............................................................................................
(10) Every mother loves her children.
There ..............................................................................................
(11) People eat rice all over the world.
There ..............................................................................................
(12) Everyone wants to be successful in life.
There ..............................................................................................
(13) Children are playful.
There ..............................................................................................
AIT Computer
No  Not any
Pattern 91 No  Not any ( Model Verb)
She can see nothing.

She can't see anything.
၁။ o on o o y oth n owh r Pos t v r

orm ။
၂။ ny on ny o y nyth n ny wh r at v r orm
။
၃။ Mo r not ။
Exercises
(1) Nowhere can I find my new bicycle.
Anywhere ......................................................................................
(2) Nowhere can I find my new pairs of slippers.
Anywhere ......................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 92 No  Not any (Verb to do)
He didn't say anything at the meeting.

He said nothing at the meeting.
၁။ o on o o y oth n owh r Pos t v r

orm ။
၂။ ny on ny o y nyth n ny wh r at v r orm
။
၃။ Subje t does not + V1
u t do not + V1
did not + V1
Exercise
(1) hasn’t ot any roth rs or s st rs.
He ....................................................................................................................
(2) Unfortunately, there were no tickets left for the show.
Unfortunaterly, there ......................................................................................
(3) I on’t trust anybody.
I .......................................................................................................................
(4) The poor little girl has no shoes to wear.
The poor little girl ...........................................................................................
(5) h man n’t say anyth n at the meeting.
The man ..........................................................................................................
(6) I’m afra th r sn’t any off . ou you k to hav som t a?
I'm ...................................................................................................................
AIT Computer
Pattern 93 because + S + V  because of + Noun/Noun Group
Mg Mg was worried because it had started to rain.

Mg Mg was worried because of the rain.
၁။ aus ။ Verb ။
၂။ aus of oun oun Phras ။
၃။ oun rt h ။
Exercise
(1) The students arrived late bacause there was a traffic jam.
The students ____________________________________________
(2) It was difficult to deliver the letter because the sender had written the
wrong address on the envelope.
It _____________________________________________________
(3) We have to drive around the bay because the bridge was destroyed in the
storm.
We ___________________________________________________
(4) We decided to leave early because the party was boring.
We ___________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Subjunctive
Pattern 94 S+ V + that + S + V  S + V + S + to V1
We urge that you leave now.

We urge you to leave now.
၁။ that ။
၂။ u t t ။
၃။ r to ။
Exercise
(1) The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately.
The judge ______________________________________________
(2) The university requires that all its students take this course.
The university ___________________________________________
(3) The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
The doctor _____________________________________________
(4) We proposed that he take a vacation.
We ___________________________________________________
(5) The teacher demanded that the student left the room.
The teacher _____________________________________________
(6) The president decreed that the new laws took effect the following month.
The president ___________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 95 not only … but also  as well as
Robert is not only talented but also handsome.

Robert is talented as well as handsome.
၁။ not on y ။
၂။ ut a so as w as ။
Exercise
(1) Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin.
Beth __________________________________________________
(2) He writes not only correctly but also neatly.
He ____________________________________________________
(3) Marta excels not only in mathematics but also in science.
Marta _________________________________________________
(4) Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music.
Paul Anka ______________________________________________
(5) Julia speaks not only Spanish but also French.
Julia __________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 96 need + Ving  need to + be + V3
The grass needs cutting.

The grass needs to be cut.
၁။ n s n to ။
Exercise
(1) The TV needs repairing.
The TV ________________________________________________
(2) The composition needs rewriting.
The composition _________________________________________
(3) The flowers need to be watered.
The flowers _____________________________________________
(4) The house needs to be painted soon.
The house ______________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 97 Indirect Obj to Direct Obj  Direct Obj + Indirect Obj
I gave the book to Ko Phyo.

I gave Ko Phyo the book.
၁။ P rsona t to ။
၂။ In r t t t
to ။ to for ။
Exercise
(1) The secretary sent the manuscript to them last night.
The secretary ___________________________________________
(2) John gave the essay to his teacher.
John __________________________________________________
(3) He drew a picture for his mother.
He ____________________________________________________
(4) He lent his car to his brother.
He ____________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 98 S + V + too so + V + S
I am happy, and you are too.

I am happy, and so are you.
၁။ too too ။
၂။ so so ။
Exercise
(1) U Mya was a famous painter, and U Ba was too.
U Mya _________________________________________________
(2) We are going to the movies tonight, and Suzy is too.
We ___________________________________________________
(3) Shine Wai Aung goes to that school, and his brother does too.
Shine Wai Aung _________________________________________
(4) John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did too.
John __________________________________________________
(5) I will be in Mexico in August, and they will too.
I ______________________________________________________
(6) She has already written her composition, and so have her friends.
She ___________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 99 S + V + either  neither + V + S
I'm not happy, and you aren't either.

I'm not happy, and neither are you.
၁။ th r th r ။
၂။ n th r n th r ။
Exercises
(1) I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either.
I ______________________________________________________
(2) She won't be going to the conference, and neither will her colleagues.
She ___________________________________________________
(3) John hasn't seen the new movie yet, and neither have I.
John __________________________________________________
(4) We don't plan to attend the concert, and neither do they.
We ___________________________________________________
(5) Michael doesn't speak English, and his family doesn't either.
Michael ________________________________________________
AIT Computer
Pattern 100 would rather ….. than  prefer ……to
John would rather drink Coca-Cola than orange juice.

John prefers drinking Coca-Cola to drinking orange juice.
John prefers Coca-Cola to orange juice.
၁။ wou rath r pr f r ။
၂။ r n ။ ။
၃။ than to ။
Exercise
(1) Mary would rather drink coffee than Coke.
Mary __________________________________________________
AIT Computer
(IDCS, IADCS, B.Sc(Hons)
c C pu C
c
Innwa Co pu
c
(Systemer)

Grammar Pattern 100

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Pattern 100

AIT Computer Mandalay

Pattern 1 Positive  Comparative (be + adj)

Positive Yangon is not as cold as Taunggyi in winter.

Pattern 2 Comparative  Positive (be + adj)

Comparative An elephant is bigger than a tiger.

Pattern 3 Comparative  Positive (Action Verb + Adv)

Comparative Su Su drives more carefully than Mon Mon

Positive Verbs  Negative Verbs

No Positive Verb Negative Verb

Pattern 4 Comparative  Comparative (Action Verb  Verb to be)

Comparative U Aye teaches English better than U Lwin.

Pattern 5 Superlative  Positive (No other/There is no other)

Superlative March is the hottest month of the year.

Pattern 6 Superlative  Comparat v “any oth r”

Superlative The Ayarwaddy is the longest river in Myanmar.

Pattern 7 Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (No Other)

Positive No other river in the world is as long as the Nile.

Superlative The Nile is the longest river in the world.

၁။ o oth r There is no oth r o oth r s

Pattern 8 Positive  Positive/Comparative/Superlative (Very Few)

Positive Very few eatables are as delicious as hamburger.

Pattern 9 Simile (as.......as)

Simple Her teeth are white. They are like pearl.

Pattern 10 Superlative  Comparative (ever to never)

Superlative She is the kindest I have ever known.

Active & Passive

Active Waiter and waitresses serve the customers.

Active The students arranged the chairs.

Pattern 13 am/is/are/was/were + Ving am/is/are/was/were + being + V3

Active The workmen are repairing some parts of the

Pattern 14 has/have/had + V3  has/have/had + been + V3

Active The thief has stolen my bicycle.

Pattern 15 Model Verb +V1  Model Verb + be + V3

Active The bad weather will delay the plane.

Pattern 16 Model Verb + have + V3  Model Verb + have + been + V3

Active They are going to pull down their house.

Pattern 18 Active & Passive Voice (With Agent)

Active My grandfather planted this tree.

Pattern 19 Active & Passive Voice (Without Agent)

People speak English all over the world.

Pattern 20 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Place)

In Passive Pattern, put Adverb of Place from Active Pattern after

Khin Khin will meet you at the station.

Pattern 21 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Time)

Put Adverb of Time from Active Pattern at the end of sentence.

Mother bought some mangoes Yesterday.

Pattern 22 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Manner)

Put Adverb of Manner from Active Pattern in front of V3.

Father beat Ko Ko angrily.

Pattern 23 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb of Reason)

Put Adverb of Reason from Active Pattern after by + Agent.

The teacher punished Aye Aye for talking in the class.

Pattern 24 Active & Passive Voice (With Adverb Phrase)

The cat killed the rat with a stroke of its paw.

If Infinitive Phrase (to + V 1) includes in Active Pattern, put it after

The examiner instructed the candidates to write in ink.

Pattern 26 Infinitive without to

We saw Ma Ma water the flower plants.