LEVEL OF RESILIENCY AND LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION

AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN LUCENA CITY

An Undergraduate Research
Presented to the Faculty of the School of Psychology and Human Services
College of Sciences, Technology and Communication, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Psychology

By

Briones, Christy
Marquez, Kimberly
Remo, Christine Mae
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Healthcare professionals such as doctors, nurses, therapists, and others with a lot of

work because of this, they are more likely to experience health issues.

The pandemic's effects on psychological were one of the main worries. Emotional

exhaustion and burnout have become commonplace for many workers around the world

as a result of shifting conditions (Dhar, 2022). Emotional exhaustion is a condition in

which a person feel emotionally exhausted and drained as a result of cumulative stress are

obviously vulnerable to emotional exhaustion. Healthcare providers experience being

emotionally exhausted often especially that Covid-19 is still around.

According to European Society of Cardiology (2020), between September 2017

and January 2018, there are 2,769 nurses employed at children's hospitals across Italy

who received a web survey. Only 2,205 nurses replied in total (80%), 85 of whom

worked in intensive care and cardiology wards (ICUs).

Medical professionals are susceptible to emotional exhaustion. COVID-19

pandemic, between 31 and 54.3% of doctors in Britain reported having significant

emotional exhaustion, and as a result, exhaustion is probably considerably higher now.

According to research done by Huan Wang et al.,2021, front-line medical personnel

treating COVID-19 suffer from severe levels of anxiety and despair. Thus, a number of

occupational pressures that are predicted to become more intense during the COVID-19

pandemic are linked to emotional exhaustion in healthcare professionals.

Moreover, a lot of factors are studied that might be an influence to emotional

exhaustion and one of them is the level of resilience of workers, especially the healthcare

providers. Resilience is usually characterized as the ability to bounce back from

adversity. Health workers are primarily concerned with helping others. Health workers

can benefit from resilience courses since they are professionally designed programs that

can help them acquire ability to preserve physical and emotional health, as well as social

relationships.

Jiang, Sun, & Li (2021) proved that resilience limits the mediation of emotional

tiredness, so that as resilience increases, the mediation impact of emotional exhaustion

weakens. Resilient individuals are better equipped to handle pressures at work,

particularly the ones that may require them to manage a large workload and continuously

shifting priorities. Resiliency balances emotional exhaustion and gives you the power to

overcome any difficulties in the workplace (Winbolt, 2016).

Thus, this study will provide an evidence-based overview of the level of resiliency

and level of emotional exhaustion on health workers during times of crisis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study determine the level of resiliency and level of emotional exhaustion

among health workers in Lucena City.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

2. What is the level of resiliency of the respondents?

3. What is the level of emotional exhaustion of the respondents?

4. Is there a significant difference in the level of resiliency when the respondents are

grouped according to demographic profile?

5. Is there a significant difference in the level of emotional exhaustion when the

respondents are grouped according to demographic profile?

6. Is there a significant relationship between level of resiliency and emotional

exhaustion of respondents?
HYPOTHESES

The following null hypotheses were tested in this study:

There is no significant difference in the level of resiliency when respondents are

grouped according to the demographic profile.

There is no significant difference in the level of emotional exhaustion when

respondents are grouped according to the demographic profile.

There is no significant relationship in the resiliency and level of emotional

exhaustion of the respondents.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers obtained sufficient literature related concepts and theories to

support the study's variables.

….………….

This theory serve as the foundation It is also essential for the researchers to have

background knowledge regarding the level of resiliency and emotional exhaustion among

health workers.
THEORETICAL PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Analysis of the
Demographic Profile: significant difference
 Age when the respondents
are grouped according
 Sex to demographic profile

Level of Resiliency Analysis of the Intervention

significant difference program which
in the level of include action plan
Level of Emotional emotional exhaustion for building
Exhaustion when the respondents resiliency and
are grouped according consultation to
to demographic manage emotional
profile exhaustion

Analysis of the
significant relationship
between level of
resiliency and level of
emotional exhaustion

Figure 1. Level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion Among Health Workers in

Lucena City

The input box, as illustrated in Figure 1, comprises the information needed from

the study participants which includes their demographic profile in terms of (1) age and
 (2) sex. The figure 1 also contains the level of resiliency and level of emotional

exhaustion.

The process box shows the method needed which is the analysis of the

significant difference and significant relationship of the level of resiliency and level of

emotional exhaustion of the gather data from the questionnaires accomplish by the

respondents.

The output box contains the output of the research. Intervention program which
include action plan for building resiliency and consultation to manage emotional
exhaustion

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study, with the aim of the researchers, is noted to be beneficial to the to the

following people, they are follows:

To the Health Workers , this study help health workers understand the

importance of their health and well-being. it also help them to have a knowledge about

their level of emotional exhaustion and personal resiliency.

To administrators/administration, For them to have some insights and

information in their search for better ways and means to improve the health workers and

to have some solutions on their problems.

To the future researchers, this study is serves as their preference and gives them
reliable information and idea to pursuing their future research. This is may also serve as

primary basis on conducting their research that is related to this study.

For students who want to become health care workers, so they can have

advanced knowledge of what challenges they may face and how to overcome it.

To Community, This study can help the community to bring health benefits to all

patients and to provide good quality of care and good patient safety.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The study concerned in determining the level of resiliency and level of

emotional exhaustion of health workers. The study is conducted in Lucena City.

The researchers used two sets questionnaires to find the level of resiliency and

level emotional exhaustion.

The researchers used descriptive-correlation design which is a type of research

design that seeks to gather data in order to systematically describe a phenomenon,

situation, or population. More particular, it assists in providing answers to the research

problem's what, when, where, and how questions instead of its why.

The researchers used Pearson r correlation to measures the strenght of the linear

relationship between two variables.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
 The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for the easy

understanding of the readers.

Emotional exhaustion - is a state of feeling emotionally worn-out and drained as

a result of accumulated stress from your personal or work lives, or a combination of both.

Emotional exhaustion is one of the signs of burnout.

Health workers - Health workers is the one who give care and services to those

person whose in need. Those health workers assures that people have a healthy well

being. They’re taking care everyone mentally, physically and emotionally which can be

a great help to survive and manage their life.

Nurse - provide treatment, support and care services for people who are in need

of nursing care due to the effects of aging, injury, illness or other physical or mental

impairment. They are trained enough to identify basic information about the illness and

have a different roles in helping not only the patients but also the doctors.

Midwifery - professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate midwifery care

services before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They are the one who guide

pregnant woman to have a healthy lifestyle which turns in having a healthy infant.

Barangay health workers - A person who has undergone training programs

under any accredited government and non government organization. Barangay health

workers is like a nurse helping the doctor, the difference is just they’re helping the wife.

Coronavirus or COVID-19 - is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can

trigger what doctors call a respiratory tract infection. The government implement the
community quarantine which no one is allowed to leave the house without having

vaccination card , mask and face shield.

 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that serve as a

frame of reference that is relevant in this study. The researchers extracted information

from books, journals, and web-based resources.

Related literature

Local

Age

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD 2019) refers

resilience was lowest in the youngest age group and successively higher in the older age

groups. Age differences in resilience, we found that relatively older employees who are

forced to work showed higher resilience. than younger employees one year into the

pandemic. Some of young health workers have low resilience because they are in

adjustment period in our crisis, Older workers were more likely to re-frame the crisis and

see it as an opportunity for personal growth

 According to A Marchand (2018) the emotional exhaustion level reduced with

increasing age in men, but the association was emotional exhaustion bimodal in women,

with women aged between 20-35 and over 55 years showing the highest level.

Sex

According to, Dr. Rontgene Solante, (2021) Some healthcare workers at Manila's

San Lazaro Hospital (SLH) have also resigned due to exhaustion and overseas job

opportunities. Because of overwork and an unsuitable workplace, men and women, as

well as people of all genders, are exhausted.

According to OECD (2021), The COVID19 pandemic is wreaking havoc on

women's health, social, and economic well-being around the world. First and foremost,

women's resiliency is driving the health response: women account for nearly 70% of the

health-care workforce, putting them at higher risk of infection. At the same time, due to

school and child care facility closures, as well as long-standing gender inequalities in

unpaid work, women are shouldering a large portion of the burden at home.

Resiliency

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every country in the globe, and those

working in the field of healthcare are essential to controlling this emergency. Therefore,
it is crucial to maintain the mental health and emotional resilience of healthcare

providers, especially during these extremely difficult times. He also said that giving

important advice on how to handle the emotional and mental strain of the current

situation to various healthcare professionals are strengthen the resilience of the Filipino

healthcare workers are leading to fight against the pandemic. Dr. Rio L. (Magpantay,

2021)

Emotional Exhaustion

In the Philippines, emotional exhausted nurses are straining to provide treatment

for patients as colleagues become ill with COVID-19 or leave a field that was already

gravely understaffed before the pandemic. Also the health administration reports a

nursing shortage of more than 100,000, pushing those remaining to work long hours for

low compensation on sometimes unstable short-term contracts. The country is

experiencing a record spike in infections, driven by the delta variant. (MANILA, 2021)

Related Literature

Foreign

Age

Aged 94–98 years with strong resilience were 43.1 percent more likely than those

with low resilience to live to be 100 years old in this study. Stephanie Mac Leod M., et al
(2016). Age was linked to lower levels of emotional tiredness in males. Emotional

tiredness levels in women were low at 20 years old, then grew till 30 years old.

Emotional exhaustion levels were lower between the ages of 30 and 50. Resilience has

been studied further as a factor in lifespan, with findings showing that resilience has the

greatest influence at advanced ages.

Sex

Women who are overworked are more prone than males to face work-family

conflict and emotional exhausted. When people work fewer hours than they want, males

are more likely than women to get emotionally exhausted as a result of work family

conflict. Cristina Rubino (2013). Female personnel's resilience was much lower than

male personnel's. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dai et al. (2020) discovered a

substantial difference between male and female medical staff in terms of their level of

anxiety about infection spreading to their family members.Work–family conflicts are

widespread in the health worker industry and can put workers' health at risk.

Resilience

According to Pedro Ferreira and Sofia Gomez., (2021) Despite the fact that burnout

is a well-studied symptom, there is still much to learn about it during a pandemic like the

one produced by COVID-19. Furthermore, the relationship between personal resources

and burnout is still an understudied issue, according to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-

R) paradigm. The major purpose of this study is to see how mental resilience affects the

three characteristics of burnout among healthcare personnel when they are subjected to a

pandemic situation: emotional weariness, depersonalization, and personal achievement.

 Moreover Hanan Daghash, (2022) Since the emergence of COVID-19, nurses have

been working long hours and are at a significant risk of infection, putting their mental

health at danger. This can have a negative psychological and physical impact on nurses.

Burnout is brought on by a high level of stress at work. Burnout is frequent in the nursing

field, and it may have a negative impact on nurses' well-being and productivity. During a

pandemic, it's critical to identify elements that might help frontline nurses maintain their

mental health and reduce burnout.

Additional, Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes, et al., (2022) The goal of this study is to see

if there are any differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression,

anxiety, burnout, and resilience in Spanish healthcare workers between the first and

second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a variety of demographic and work-

related variables.

Exhaustion

According to Huan Wang et al., (2021) Healthcare professionals, particularly front-

line medical personnel, have grown increasingly prone to emotional weariness as

COVID-19 has spread. Emotional tiredness is a risk for healthcare professionals. Before

the COVID-19 epidemic, between 31 to 54.3 percent of clinicians in the United Kingdom

experienced extreme emotional weariness and exhaustion is likely to be substantially

greater now.
 Furthermore M Ángeles López-Cabarcos, et al (2019) The nature of public

healthcare underscores the importance of not only comprehending the role of emotional

exhaustion in the relationship between job demands and desirable employee attitudes, but

also of combining certain job resources with other organizational variables to moderate

employees' feelings of emotional exhaustion. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this

topic.

According to Serena Barello ., et al (2021) The effect of organizational support in

lowering the negative impact of perceived COVID-19 work-related stresses on burnout,

as well as the function of COVID-19-related organizational demands and threats in

predicting emotional tiredness. Furthermore, the current study aims to improve our

understanding of the role of personal resources in the Job Demands-Resources model

(JD-R) by examining whether personal resources, such as professionals' attitudes toward

patient engagement, can enhance the impact of job resources while reducing the impact

of job demands.

Related Studies

Local

Resilience

According to Hart, Brannan, & De Chesnay, (2014), personal resilience, or a

person's ability to 'bounce back' or recover rapidly after a stressful experience, may aid

nurses in coping with stressors and enduring the burden they bring. According to Cooper,

Brown, Rees, & Leslie, 2020, personal resilience may assist nurse’s better cope with the
stress created by the COVID-19 pandemic in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Personal resilience has been shown to protect nurses during disasters (Labrague,

Hammad, et al., 2018; Turner, 2015) and disease outbreaks (Duncan, 2020), implying

that improving nurses' hardiness and coping abilities can help them handle and deal with

stressful situations more successfully.

Exhaustion

According to Lourdes Banaga (2021), "They're exhausted and burnout” Nurses in

the Philippines are battling exhaustion as colleagues contract COVID-19 or leave a

profession that was already dangerously understaffed before the pandemic. The country is

experiencing a record increase in infections, fueled by the delta variant, with the health

department reporting a nursing shortage of over 100,000, forcing those left to work long

hours for little pay on often precarious short-term contracts.

Related Studies

Foreign

Age

According to Erica S. Edwards (2015) Older health workers struggle from their

resiliency because they feel loss and rejected because of their age Older adults are rarely

associated with resilience. Older people suffer from loss and decline as a result of their
age. Individuals in this age group actually have a higher level of subjective well-being

than those in any other age group. In a world of turmoil, change, and chronic illness,

"resilience thinking" in older adults allows them to recover from adversity, thrive with a

long-term purpose, and grow.

Furthermore, men burnout levels decreased as they got older, but in women, the

relationship was bimodal, with women aged 20–35 and over 55 showing the highest

levels of emotional exhaustion. A Marchand, (2018)

Sex

Female and male in the context of mistreatment should be investigated further.

Especially as a factor that contributes to the development of lifelong resilience and, As a

result, as a precondition for individual and community social sustainability. Erin Bekez

(2010)

Moreover Benjamin Artz et al., (2021) Women report more exhaustion because

their work-family conflict is primarily due to intuitive causal factors such as increased

workload, or if the reported exhaustion is the result of unmet expectations or preferences.

Indeed, the literature has identified men and women's perceived or expected social roles

as a major source of conflict between work and family at times (Gutek et al., 1991; Eagle

et al., 1997).

According to A Marchand, (2018) in men, emotional levels decreased as they got

older, but in women, the relationship was bimodal, with women aged 20–35 and over 55

showing the highest levels of burnout.

Resilience

The Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, resilience and depression in

health professionals is a study conducted by Isabel Manzanares et al., (2021) that aimed

to To discuss the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on stress, resilience, and depression

among medical staff from a public hospital in Barcelona, Spain. The cited study used

descriptive and cross-sectional. The research conforms with the STROBE cross-sectional

study checklist. The cited study showed the COVID-19 epidemic medical professionals

and nurses have exhibited outstanding resiliency. Their capacity to overcome challenges

shows their tenacity and commitment in the midst of a crisis in a public health system

that has recently endured significant financial cuts.

Emotional Exhaustion

The The Impact of Job Stress and State Anger on Turnover Intention Among

Nurses During COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion a study by Syed

Haider Ali Shah et al., (2021) This study aims to determine the relationship between job

stress state rage, emotional exhaustion, and intention to leave the job. This study

hypothesizes that nurses' intentions to quit their jobs as a result of job-related stress and

state anger during COVID-19. 335 registered nurses who care for patients with COVID-

19 at Pakistani hospitals make up the study's sample. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion

mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related job stress, state anger, and turnover

intentions. The cited study that nursing management need to be aware of nurses' plans to

leave the profession since they are dealing with it first-hand as patients in the COVID-19

epidemic receive their initial care from nurses.

CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter discusses the research method that was used in the study. It included

the research design, research locale, research population and sample, research

instruments, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment to present and interpret

the data.

Research Design

This study is used the descriptive-correlation designs.

This research used descriptive-correlational design. Descriptive research is

defined as an type of research methodology that seeks data in order to comprehensively

characterize a phenomena, circumstance, or population. This design is used to determine

if there is a significant relationship on the level of resiliency and level of emotional

exhaustion of health workers. The study used this method to find out the demographic

profile of the respondents in terms of age and sex.

Research Locale

The researchers conducted their study at Lucena City where the respondents

work. The researchers chose Lucena City to be the locale of this study after doing

environmental scanning pertaining to number of medical services. There are more

hospitals in the city and it has many health workers. Dahil ito ang capital ng quezon

province kaya andito ang mga pasilidad.

Research Population and Sample

Purposive Sampling is the technique used to select the target respondents of the

study. Sixty (60) health workers served as the respondents of the study. Respondents of

this research are men or women, young or elderly such as nurses, barangay health

workers and midwifery. Data kung ilang hospital sa lucena. It doesn’t matter kung private

or public pinagwoworkan.

Research Instruments

The researchers will use adapted questionnaires from the Connor-Davidson

Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The CD-RISC is an assessment that measures level of

resilience, or one's ability to recover from stressful situations, tragedies, or trauma. The
capacity to survive in the face of difficulties is determined by resilience. CD-RISC

contains 25 items, which are rated on a five-point Likert scale and range from 0 (“Not

true at all”) to 4 (“True nearly all the time”). Possible scores thus range from 0 to 100.

The Emotional Exhaustion (EE) scale, which has nine items, assesses sentiments

of being emotionally exhausted and weary at work. Higher scores indicate a higher

emotional exhaustion. Emotional Exhaustion consists of 8 questions answered on a 5-

point Likert scale.

Data Gathering Procedures

To begin the gathering data the researchers need to have a questionnaires

validated by three experts. Afterward the researchers prepare a letter of approval to

conduct surveys in the municipality of Lucena City. The researchers go and find the

target respondents which are 60 healthcare workers. Survey questionnaires will be given

to determine the level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion. The researchers will not

give a time limit for the respondents to answer the questionnaires. After the respondents

answer the questionnaires the result will be recorded.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical measures were utilized to interpret the data gathered.

The researcher will use Frequency and Percentage Distribution to identify and

separate the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age and sex.
 f
%= N ×100

Where:

% - percent

f - frequency

N - number of classes

In the statement of problems no. 2 and 3, the researcher used the Weighted

Arithmetic Mean (WAM) to determine the level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion.

Where:

W - weighted average

n - number of terms to be averaged

Wi - weights applied to x values

Xi - data values to be averaged

In the statement of problems no. 4 and 5, the researcher will use the T-test to

know the significant difference in the level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion

according to the demographic profile.

Where:

t - t value

X1 and X2 - means of two groups being compared

s2 - pooled standard error of the two groups

n1 and n2 - number of observations in each of the groups

Lastly, in the statement of problem no. 6, the researcher used Pearson r to find out

the relationship between Level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion.

Where:

R - correlation coefficient

xi - values of the x-variable in a sample

x - mean of the values of the x-variable

yi - values of the y-variable in a sample

Y - mean of the values of the y-variable
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LY50xg

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Emotional Exhaustion https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED502150.pdf