UTILIZATION OF CARDAVA BANANA (SABA)

PEEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE NATURAL

PAPER BAG

A Research
presented to the faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics of
KASIGLAHAN VILLAGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Phase 1K2 Kasiglahan Village San Jose Rodriguez, Rizal

In partial fulfilment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Gonzales, Roy John B.

Guerrero, Judea Cirine
Herrera, Ira F.
Huete, Steven Justin P.
Madarang, Hope Nicole A.

Grade 11- STEM- A

ENGR. ELSA N. CALVEZ, Ph.D. MM

Research Adviser
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Paper bags are valuable commodities as a result of their flexible use, versatility,

and benefit for numerous settings. Containers such as these serve a purpose for

packaging goods, carrying groceries, and marketing businesses, among other uses.

Furthermore, their convenience makes it a better option for both enterprises and

consumers. Despite its benefits, the conventional paper bag nevertheless has an adverse

effect on the environment because of deforestation, energy-intensive manufacture,

chemical pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, degradation of natural resources, and

carbon emissions from the production process. A number of research studies support the

use of more paper substitutes in the manufacturing processes of paper bags in order to

reduce the environmental impact of this process.

The depletion of renewable resources and the unethical produce of paper have

pushed up interest in highly industrialized nations for non-wood plant-based fibers as a

replacement to traditional making of paper. It is of the utmost importance that we study the

inherent advantages and drawbacks of using fruit fibers in the paper industry considering

the increasing prevalence of these fibers and the possibility for further replacement for

wood-based fibers (Mudit Chandra, n.d.). Replacement to wood pulp for papermaking

such as the banana peel the researchers are conducting must be adopted in order to

widen raw materials, lessen adverse environmental effects, and encourage significantly

less harm to the environment in paper production.

Background of the Study

When fruit fibers are used to substitute virgin paper in paper bag-making, all

stakeholders will come out as winners; the consumer (who uses paper bags), the retailer

(who provides shoppers with a way to avoid forest deforestation and habitat destruction

by giving them a way to avoid the purchase of virgin paper thereby promoting greater

sustainability within the paper industry while helping the environment), the business

(tapping into the consumer’s environmental mindfulness by equipping storeowners with

the means to associate themselves with environmentally friendly choices), and further

educating the consumer in sustainable resourcing. The wide range of options, with

differences in texture, color, and design, enhances the purchasing process. It also

promotes environmentally responsible choices.

Between 2015 and 2017, tropical forest loss released approximately 4.8 billion tons

of CO2 into the atmosphere annually. Pulpwood-driven defore-station, supplying 42% of

total loss, implicates the paper industry's expanding wood consumption as a primary

driver. Domestically, paper manufacturing generated 20% of the 690 million pounds of

hazardous waste entering U.S. environments in 2015 (Jiang, 2021; Shen, 2021; Li, 2021).

Banana peels were proposed by the researcher as a substitute for the primary material

required in the production of paper for paper bags after reading numerous papers,

researches, and articles.

This highlights the necessity of finding a more environmentally friendly substitute

for paper bags to lessen the negative effects of the unethical method used to make

conventional paper bags. Non-wood fibers appear to have a promising future in the

pulping and paper-making processes (Essam S., 2020; Abd El-Sayed, 2020; Mohamed

El-Sakhawy, 2020; and Mohamed Abdel-Monem El-Sakhawy, 2020). In order to further

reduce the negative environmental consequences and promote sustainable paper

production, recycled material is employed in alternate methods of creating banana peel

paper while also promoting cleaner production techniques and preserving natural

resources.

The goal of this research is to create a paper bag item that may be used by

Kasiglahan Village Senior High School and local consumers by utilizing banana peels, a

fruit-based substitute. The objective of this study is to look at the viability and possible

advantages of utilizing banana peel in place of virgin paper while making paper bags. It

aims to evaluate the advantages for the natural world, taking into account the effects on

trash reduction, forest loss, consumer understanding, and economic opportunities. This

research attempts to shed light on the paper bag industry's efforts to implement more

environmentally friendly procedures.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed at determining the Utilization of Cardava banana (Saba) Peel as an

Alternative Natural Paper Bag.

Specifically, the study intended to answer the following questions:

1. What are the qualities of Banana Based Paper bag in terms of:

1.1 Hygroscopicity

1.2 Durability

1.3 Mechanical Strength

1.4 Weight Capacity

1.5 Reusability

1.6 Longevity
 2. What are the factors affecting the process of Paper Bag making in terms of:

2.1 Cardava banana (Saba) Availability

2.2 Prolongation of Production

2.3 Quality of Cardava banana (Saba)

2.4 Quantity of Cardava banana (Saba)

3. How this Banana Based Paper Bag would help in terms of:

3.1 Sustainability

3.2 Reduce Plastic Waste

3.3 Healthy Environment

3.4 Versatility

3.5 Convenience

3.6 Cost-effectiveness

4. Is there a significant contribution in the Utilization of Cardava banana (Saba) Peel

as an Alternative Natural Paper Bag in minimizing the use of conventional paper

bags?

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be of great benefit to the following:

Students. The study will provide important information to raise awareness about

environmental responsibility. Enrich resourcefulness of students by considering the

potential for repurposing waste resources to develop beneficial products.

School. The result of the study will enlighten them to encourage the students to

utilize paper bags made from an organic material, rather than plastic bag or conventional

paper bag.
 Consumers. It will save them a lot as the banana paper bag is eco-friendly.

Consumers can also make the eco-friendly paper bag on their own using banana peels

from the ones they bought in the market.

Banana Planters. Being the source and provider of banana, they are a great factor

for making a banana peel paper bag. It may become a huge help when the demand for

production of banana increases providing them high profit.

Banana Vendors. They also have a large contribution in providing banana out in

the market, it may get them with high profit. Making paper bag out of the excess banana

peel can provide extra income and employment to the people.

Community. Utilization of banana peel to the people in the community to produce

a paper bag can reduce the use of a plastic garbage, keeping the environment clean and

with less pollution, due to no use of plastic bag by the consumers. This will promote eco-

friendly choices within the community.

Future Researchers. The study could be of use as a reference to search more

possibility of new applications of banana peel, expand their investigation to other forms of

natural resources, and look for various greener substitutes for diverse daily necessities.

This would also help them to have a foundation for their research and develop a more

critical understanding of the topic.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will cover the utilization of banana peels as an alternative for paper in

paper bags making for a more sustainable production process. The primary subjects of

this research study will consist of Grade 11 and Grade 12 students enrolled in the
academic year 2023-2024. The respondents of this study will be limited to Forty-six (46)

Grade 11 students who are in the STEM section of Kasiglahan Village Senior High School

in the division of Rizal. A timeline of Three (3) months will cover the processes in this

research.

The study will be confined to conducting an experiment to verify our hypothesis

and meet the research goals in order to determine how effective these paper bags are. In

order to guarantee the highest quality of texture, color, odor, and durability of the banana

peel eco-bag production, the use of bananas will be restricted to the ideal ripeness. The

employment of this production is limited to the locale of the study because of the limited

source of banana waste quantity. Because there is a limited supply of banana waste, this

production can only be used in the study area. Because of their particular field of

knowledge, the respondents will be limited to grade 11 STEM students utilizing

convenience sampling, which may result in more thoughtful responses to the study. We

are only able to apply this in the STEM strand rather than across other academic strands

due to a shortage of funding. Apart from this, our study aligns substantially with the STEM

strand than the field of specialization in other strands.

Theoretical Framework

The Triple Bottom Line, John Elkington (1994) proposed that organizations and

companies should also asses their effectiveness based on social and environmental

aspect, and not only through traditional measures. It is composed of people, planet, and

profit, its three pillars. The concept of Triple Bottom Line is manifested by Cardava banana

(Saba) paper bag, considering not only the success of banana paper bag and the profit it

would make, but also its contributions in various aspects, such as the environment and

social. The environment will definitely benefit because the paper bag created from
Cardava banana (Saba) is sustainable. It will also help individuals connect when they

begin to make paper bags, showing cooperation in reducing the use of conventional paper

bags or plastics.

The Circular Economy Theory, Michael Braungart and William McDonough (2001)

says that materials should not be put to waste. Instead, can be used again or turn the

waste into something with new function. The excess banana peel would be utilized to

make a paper bag out of it. It would be a great help in reducing waste, lessening the land

pollution.

Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

Cardava Banana Executing the Paper Banana Paper Bag
(Saba) Peel Bag process Product
Examination of Conducting a Survey
Properties Data Gathering and
Analysis

Figure 1. Input, Process, Output Model Correlation of Variables in Utilization of

Cardava banana (Saba) Peel as an Alternative Natural Paper Bag

 The researcher chose the input process output model (IPO). Focusing on the

overall quality of the Cardava banana (Saba) peel as an alternative material for paper bag

making. The input consists of the raw materials for this study, for example we examine the

overall qualities of Saba peel and how durable this alternative material can get.

During the process of investigating the efficiency of Cardava banana (Saba) peel

as an alternative material, the researchers follow the order/process to get the accurate

product of banana paper bag.

The final phase of this research entails the overall result of examining the

effectiveness of the Cardava banana (Saba) peel as an alternative material for making a

paper bag, we expect the accuracy of this prediction about our research study. This

research study aims to reduce the pollution and implement an eco-friendly useful natural

material using Saba peel as an alternative material for paper making.

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant contribution in the Utilization of Cardava banana (Saba)

Peel as an Alternative Natural Paper Bag in minimizing the use of conventional paper

bags.

Definition of Terms

Hygroscopicity. A property of moisture content which determines if the banana

paper bag will still perform great in humid conditions.

Mechanical Strength. A test where the banana paper bag will be tested to ensure

its durability.
 Versatility. Property on which the banana paper bag can adapt more in certain

conditions and considerations.

Properties. Criteria for the Cardava banana (Saba) to create a sustainable paper

bag.

Alternative. The ability of the banana paper bag to replace the existing plastic

bag.

Utilization. Effective usage of Cardava banana (Saba) peel as an alternative

paper bag.