Group 5

OPERATIONS AND
PRODUCTIONS
MEMBERS

Studio Shodwe

The
Th
 CHAPTER 9: SHORT-
TERM SCHEDULING
Short-term scheduling is crucial for both manufacturing and service industries. It's not just
about planning tasks, but strategically allocating resources for efficient production/service
delivery, leading to happy customers.

Key benefits of effective short-term scheduling:

1. Improved Resource Optimization
2. Enhanced Customer Satisfaction
Impact on Resource Optimization:
1. Reduced Idle Time
2. Efficient Resource Allocation
Impact on Customer Satisfaction:
1. Timely Deliveries
2. Reduced Wait Times
 FORWARD & BACKWARD
SCHEDULING
Starts with the present moment and
Forward schedules tasks in the order they can be
completed, based on resource availability.
scheduling Resources are assigned as they become
free.

Starts with the present moment and

Application schedules tasks in the order they can be
completed, based on resource availability.
Resources are assigned as they become
free.
 FORWARD & BACKWARD
SCHEDULING
Starts with the desired completion date and
Backward works backward to determine the start
Scheduling times for all tasks. Resources are allocated
based on the calculated schedule.

Application Ideal for projects with strict deadlines

and specific delivery dates.
 LOADING
FINITE INFINITE
Jobs are added to the Ignores resource limitations and focuses
schedule only if resources are solely on meeting deadlines by scheduling
available, ensuring realistic all required tasks. The additional resource
completion times. needs are calculated to fulfill the assumed
schedule.
Trade-offs:
Trade-offs:
May require rejecting or delaying
Create an unrealistic schedule that
some tasks due to capacity
exceeds actual capacity, leading to
constraints.
delays and bottlenecks.
Requires accurate data on
Ignores potential resource conflicts and
resource availability and task
may require re-scheduling when capacity
durations.
limitations arise.
 SCHEDULING CRITERIA
COMPLETION TIME The time it takes to finish a task or project.

The percentage of time a resource (e.g.,

equipment, personnel) is actively working on
UTILIZATION tasks.

The raw materials, partially completed

WORK-IN-PROCESS products, or tasks in progress at any given
time.

The duration a customer spends waiting for

CUSTOMER WAITING service or product completion.
TIME
PROCESS FOCUSED SCHEDULING
Process-focused facilities (job shops), like custom manufacturers or
repair shops, deal with high-variety, low-volume production. This
flexibility comes with unique scheduling challenges:
Sequencing tasks
Meeting deadlines
Minimizing bottlenecks

Tools to combat these challenges:

Input-output control: Tracks incoming orders and finished products.
Gantt charts: Visually represent tasks, helping visualize the
schedule.
The assignment method: minimizing processing time.
 JOB SEQUENCING
Shortest Processing Time (SPT): Prioritize tasks with the
shortest completion time.
Earliest Due Date (EDD): Prioritize tasks with the closest
deadline.
First Come, First Served (FCFS): Tasks are completed in
the order they arrive.
Critical Ratio (CR): Prioritize tasks based on the ratio of
remaining time to slack time (due date - processing time).
 JOB SEQUENCING
Shortest Processing Time (SPT): Prioritize tasks with the
shortest completion time.
Earliest Due Date (EDD): Prioritize tasks with the closest
deadline.
First Come, First Served (FCFS): Tasks are completed in
the order they arrive.
Critical Ratio (CR): Prioritize tasks based on the ratio of
remaining time to slack time (due date - processing time).
 FINITE CAPACITY &
SCHEDULING
FCS: Optimizing Scheduling Beyond Traditional Methods
Finite Capacity Scheduling (FCS) ensures tasks are only
scheduled if resources are available, leading to realistic
timelines and increased adherence to deadlines.
Popular FCS software tools include:
Opcenter Scheduling
Oracle Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS)
JDA® JDA® Manufacturing Cloud - Production Scheduler
 SCHEDULING SERVICES
Staffing concerns: Ensuring sufficient qualified
personnel are available to meet fluctuating demand.
Demand fluctuations: Accommodating unpredictable
changes in customer requests and service needs.
Labor constraints: Balancing employee work hours,
skill sets, and regulations with scheduling needs.
 ASK AND ANSWERS
Question 1: What is the
overall objective of The overall objective of scheduling is to ensure
scheduling? that tasks are completed efficiently and
effectively, while meeting all deadlines and
constraints. This can be achieved by:
1. Optimizing resource utilization
2. Reducing costs
3. Improving quality
4. Meeting deadlines
 List the four criteria for determining the
effectiveness of a scheduling decision. How do
these criteria relate to the four criteria for
sequencing decisions?
ASK AND ANSWERS

To determine the effectiveness of a scheduling decision, we can based on the

four criteria
1. Minimize the completion time
2. Maximize utilization of facilities
3. Minimize work-in-process inventory
4. Minimize customer waiting time
Sequencing: The process of determining the request in which the work ought
to be performed in the work community is known as sequencing.
Minimizing completion time
Minimizing the number of processes
Optimizing office utilization
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
the shortest processing time (SPT) rule?

The Shortest Processing Time

ASK AND ANSWERS
(SPT) rule is a scheduling
algorithm used in manufacturing
and operations management. It
is a heuristic method that
prioritizes tasks based on their
processing time, with the goal of
minimizing the total completion
time of all tasks.
 What is a due date?

A due date is the date that ASK AND ANSWERS

something must be paid on or
the date on which something is Explain the terms flow
expected to happen. time and lateness.
Example: the delivery date,
birthday, bill payments….
 Name five priority sequencing rules.
Explain how each works to assign jobs.
ASK AND ANSWERS
There are five priorities sequencing rules. They are:
FCFS (First-Come, First-Served): Easy to implement, but may not be
efficient as it prioritizes arrival order.
SPT (Shortest Processing Time): Focuses on improving efficiency, but can
lead to longer waitings for longer jobs.
EDD (Earliest Due Date): Prioritizes jobs based on deadlines, reducing
late jobs, but might sacrifice resource utilization.
CR (Critical Ratio): Balances deadlines and resource allocation by
prioritizing jobs with the least time per unit of processing remaining until
their due date.
STR (Slack Time Remaining): Prioritizes jobs closest to their deadlines
(those with least slack time), aiming to minimize lateness.
THANK YOU
GROUP 5