UNIT 2.

HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

TEST 1
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. image B. legal C. danger D. damage
2. A. attempt B. pollute C. receipt D. plastic
3. A. forest B. police C. east D. feet
4. A. weather B. warmth C. bath D. earth
5. A. hoped B. increased C. produced D. phoned
II. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase from the box.

cutting down energy sustainable eco-friendly household appliances

greenhouse gases natural resources litter carbon footprint organic

1. People who drop __________ can be fined in some cities.

2. To conserve electricity, they are __________ on the central heating.
3. Ovens, irons, refrigerators, driers, etc. are __________ .
4. Hydrogenase airships offer an __________ means of transportation.
5. __________ tourism is environmentally responsible travel to natural areas.
6. Some __________ , such as natural gas and fossil fuel, cannot be replaced.
7. The ‘green’ housing community uses renewable __________ sources such as solar power.
8. __________ food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides.
9. __________ include chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide.
10. A __________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions.
III. Put the verbs in brackets in the future with will or be going to.
1. I hope I __________ (get) along with everyone.
2. Next week I __________ (join) a volunteer program.
3. If you drop the trash here, they __________ (fine) you.
4. It’s really hot. - I __________ (turn on) the air-conditioner.
5. Do you think she __________ (like) the present we sent her?
6. Look! The bus __________ (leave). Hurry up!
7. I don’t think they __________ (go) for a picnic again.
8. It’s 7 o’clock already. We __________ (miss) the flight.
9. I don’t feel like going out this weekend. I __________ (stay) at home.
10. There’s no milk left. - Really? I __________ (get) some from the store.
IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the passive voice.
1. The old computer __________ (repair) tomorrow.
2. Be careful! You __________ (hurt) by that broken glass.
3. Safety barriers __________ (install) in front of the gate soon.
4. My motorbike __________ (damage) by the crash yesterday.
5. Our new chairs __________ (transport) using trucks now.
6. The guests __________ (often entertain) by the live musicians.
7. The visitors __________ (give) a map of the campus last Sunday.
8. They __________ (educate) about the dangers of smoking yet.
9. My bicycle __________ (just stole) from outside the supermarket.
10. The students __________ (require) to watch a video on the new subject.
V. Match the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B.
A B
1. Lots of people don’t care about protecting a. Which river do you mean?
the environment.
2. Is earthquake a kind of natural disaster? b. They don’t either grow well or have
blossoms.
3. They must stop throwing trash into the river. c. We start it at 9 o’clock.
4. How is your topic Global Warming? d. We should do what?
5. I heard lots of promises to reduce waste. e. There must be programs to raise their
awareness.
6. What time do you have the presentation? f. They’re all dead. It’s terrible.
7. We should reduce our use of plastic g. We’re now looking for supporting
products. information.
8. How can high temperature affect crops? h. Man-made?
9. Look at those fish in the river! i. Yes, of course.
10. Most of the environmental problems are j. But no actions have they taken.
man-made.
VI. Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D.
Land can become polluted by (1) __________ garbage and by industrial waste. In 2014, Americans
produced about 258 million tons of solid waste, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. A little over half of the waste - 136 million tons - was gathered in landfills. Only about
34% was recycled or (2) __________ .
Organic material was the largest component of the garbage generated, the EPA said. Paper and
paperboard (3) __________ for more than 26%; food was 15% and yard trimmings were 13%.
Plastics comprised about 13% of the solid waste, (4) __________ rubber, leather and textiles made
up 9.5% and metals 9%. Wood contributed to 6.2% of the garbage; glass was 4.4% and other
miscellaneous materials (5) __________ up about 3%.
Commercial or industrial waste is a significant portion of solid waste. According to the
University of Utah, industries use 4 million pounds of materials in order to provide the average
American family with needed products for one year. Much of it is classified as (6) __________ ,
such as construction material (wood, concrete, bricks, glass, etc.) and medical waste (bandages,
surgical gloves, surgical instruments, discarded needles, etc.). Hazardous waste is any (7)
__________ , solid or sludge waste that contain properties that are dangerous of potentially harmful
to human health or the environment. Industries generate hazardous waste from mining, petroleum
refining, pesticide (8) __________ and other chemical production. Households generate hazardous
waste as well, including paints and solvents, motor oil, fluorescent lights, aerosol cans and
ammunition.
1. A. homework B. housework C. household D. housewife
2. A. compost B. composted C. composting D. composter
3. A. accounted B. contained C. held D. kept
4. A. like B. as C. when D. while
5. A. made B. ended C. run D. taken
6. A. nonprofit B. nonsense C. non-recycle D. non-
hazardous
7. A. wet B. liquid C. dry D. melted
8. A. manufactured B. manufactory C. manufacturing D. manufacturer
VII. Reorder the words and phrases to make sentences.
1. needs / More money / in / to / invested / greener / fuel sources / be / developing
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. sustain / she / her job / they / could / When / no longer / their / expensive lifestyle / lost
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. the pressures / modern life / of / relax / The national park / is / ideal place / an / to / and escape
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. been / and visual pollutions / blamed / Heavy industries / for river, soil, / air, noise / have
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. complex similarities / He / studies / between / humans / and differences / and animals / the
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Some / native habitat / are / in / because / animals / their / is / danger / destroyed / being
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7. gone beyond / global warming / the point / no return / Scientists / that / has / of / fear
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Most people / endangered animals / accept / have / that / we / a / to protect / the proposition / duty
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
 TEST 2
I. Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. conserve B. fossil C. resource D. reduce
2. A. pollution B. chemical C. pesticide D. natural
3. A. organic B. energy C. appliance D. disaster
4. A. artificial B. generation C. responsible D. transportation
5. A. renewable B. community C. environment D. vegetable
II. Choose the answer which is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined words.
1. The global climate shifts have occurred for several decades.
A. dealt with B. hidden C. taken place D. checked in
2. Increased consumption of water leads to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.
A. enlarge B. exhaustion C. increase D. expand
3. Volcanic rocks formed are drastically different from their oceanic counterparts.
A. extremely B. slightly C. moderately D. incompletely
4. Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream.
A. consumed B. taken in C. involved D. taken up
5. Unlike acid rain or deforestation, global warming may not be visible.
A. cultivation B. afforestation C. forestry D. clear-cutting
III. Choose the answer which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined words.
1. The cancer treatment has some unfortunate side effects.
A. deadly B. disastrous C. lucky D. bad
2. These virus infections display obvious visual symptoms.
A. clear B. visible C. ambiguous D. apparent
3. The typhoon devastated a large section of the east coast.
A. built B. demolish C. destroy D. wreck
4. Climate change will severely affect many countries in coming decades.
A. heavily B. dangerously C. badly D. mildly
5. They have made maximum use of the natural resources available.
A. high B. minimum C. average D. top
IV. Supply the correct tense of the verb in the brackets.
1. They __________ (not deliver) the food yet.
2. I promise that I __________ (be) home in time.
3. It is hot in here. I __________ (open) the window.
4. The villagers __________ (not use) this road very often.
5. Jessica __________ (move) to London next year.
6. Last night they __________ (cancel) the match because of the rain.
7. Millions of people __________ (use) the Internet every day.
8. They had picked the oranges before the storm __________ (strike).
9. I didn’t realize that someone __________ (record) our conversation.
10. As planned, I __________ (stay) with my relatives in my hometown next summer.
V. Choose the underlined words that need correction.
1. Amada looks very unhappily with the dress, and she’s going to cry.
A B C D
2. This time tomorrow Tom is on his way to the ceremony at his old school.
A B C D
3. If our players win the next match, they go straight to the play-off round.
A B C D
4. I already have invited 100 people to my party, and I hope everyone will come.
A B C D
5. My parents have books the hotel as they are going to spend their
A B C
holidays at the beach.
D
VI. Choose the best answers to complete the dialogues.
1. - A: It’s your studies that you should concentrate on.
- B: ________________________________________________________________________
A. Yes, I should continue with my homework.
B. Could you help me to study?
C. I know what you mean.
D. I don’t think my studies are not important.
2. - A: Cutting down on fossil fuel use is the best way to stop pollution.
- B: ________________________________________________________________________
A. You can say that again.
B. That’s why they choose gasoline cars.
C. We don’t have to stop to get more petroleum.
D. Pollution and fossil fuels have no connection.
3. - A: ________________________________________________________________________
- B: I’m not sure, but some can live a thousand years.
A. Who do you live with?
B. How long can a tree live?
C. Why are you planting a tree here?
D. How old are they?
4. - A: Do you always turn off the lights before leaving the room?
- B: ________________________________________________________________________
A. There are many lights to turn off.
B. I haven’t turned them off.
C. No, I’m not leaving the room.
 D. Not always.
5. - A: I’ve seen him before. I remember that.
- B: ________________________________________________________________________
A. He may be your old schoolmate.
B. I haven’t met you. Trust me!
C. Why didn’t you ask him in advance?
D. I totally disagree with you.
VII. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each question.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera,
diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately managed
water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks. This is particularly the
case in health care facilities where both patients and staff are placed at additional risk of infection
and disease when water, sanitation and hygiene services are lacking. Globally, 15% of patients
develop an infection during a hospital stay, with the proportion much greater in low-income
countries.
Inadequate management of urban, industrial and agricultural wastewater means the drinking-
water of hundreds of millions of people is dangerously contaminated or chemically polluted.
Natural presence of chemicals, particularly in groundwater, can also be of health significance,
including arsenic and fluoride, while other chemicals, such as lead, may be elevated in drinking-
water as a result of leaching from water supply components in contact with drinking-water.
Some 829,000 people are estimated to die each year from diarrhea as a result of unsafe
drinking-water, sanitation and hand hygiene. Yet diarrhea is largely preventable, and the deaths of
297,000 children aged under 5 years could be avoided each year if these risk factors were
addressed. Where water is not readily available, people may decide handwashing is not a priority,
thereby adding to the likelihood of diarrhea and other diseases.
Diarrhea is the most widely known disease linked to contaminated food and water but there are
other hazards. In 2017, over 220 million people required preventative treatment for schistosomiasis
- an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms contracted through exposure to infested
water.
In many parts of the world, insects that live or breed in water carry and transmit diseases such
as dengue fever. Some of these insects, known as vectors, breed in clean, rather than dirty water,
and household drinking water containers can serve as breeding grounds. The simple intervention of
covering water storage containers can reduce vector breeding and may also reduce faecal
contamination of water at the household level.
1. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. diarrhea
B. water pollution
C. diarrhea and other diseases
D. diarrhea and other diseases caused by water pollution
2. The phrase “risk factors” in the third paragraph refers to__________.
A. industrial and agricultural waste
B. poor sanitation
 C. chemicals in drinking water
D. unsafe drinking-water, sanitation and hand hygiene
3. The word “transmit” in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
A. spread B. break C. conceal D. retain
4. According to the third paragraph, how many people may possibly have diarrhea each year?
A. 297,000 B. 829,000
C. 1,126,000 D. more than 829,000
5. Which of the following diseases is not mentioned in the passage?
A. cancer B. polio
C. schistosomiasis D. dengue fever
6. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A. In low-income countries, the proportion of patients developing an infection during a hospital
stay is higher than 15%.
B. Arsenic and fluoride are natural presence of chemicals in groundwater.
C. Insects that carry and transmit diseases only breed in clean water.
D. Diarrhea is preventable for people of all ages.
VIII. Rewrite the second sentence so that it means similarly to the first one.
1. We have a new laboratory in our school.
There _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why don’t we meet for lunch on Saturday?
How __________________________________________________________________________
3. The new computer is faster than the old one.
The old computer________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. My cousin lent me old bike.
I borrowed______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Anna and Jimmy stayed in the shop for two hours.
Anna and Jimmy spent ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. They are building a new hotel next to my house.
A new hotel_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. My parents don’t allow me to use the mobile phone.
My parents don’t_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. He would go to the football club when he was in high school.
He used _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 TEST 3
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. cave B. nature C. plant D. amazing
2. A. tree B. deer C. deep D. seed
3. A. scenery B. rely C. sky D. dry
4. A. zoo B. root C. tool D. wood
5. A. gases B. areas C. fuels D. cities
II. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. Chile is the world’s largest __________ of copper. (produce)
2. Plants are the main source of __________ oxygen. (atmosphere)
3. __________ will be on the watch for damage to wildlife. (Environment)
4. Tap water is usually heavily treated with __________ . (chemic)
5. We should stop factories from producing __________ gases. (harm)
6. __________ are constantly being released into the atmosphere. (pollute)
7. People are paying more for __________ water than they are for gasoline. (bottle)
8. When the bottle is empty, wash it out thoroughly before __________ . (refill)
9. __________ were chosen by the students from among themselves. (Represent)
10. The world is facing a problem of population __________ . (explode)
III. Choose the correct option.
1. I think I (am going to/will) go to bed now. I’m feeling tired.
2. She has decided that she (is going to/will) look for a new school.
3. Look at those black clouds. I think it (is going to/will) rain.
4. I’m sure you (will/are going to) enjoy this Sunday’s match.
5. My parents (are going to/will) come home when they finish work.
6. Their suitcases are packed. They (will/are going to) go on holiday.
7. Fred wants to find a job, but he (isn’t going to/won’t) do it today.
8. Someone is knocking at the door. - OK, I (am going to/will) answer it.
9. You’ve heard that I (will/am going to) move to Ho Chi Minh City, haven’t you?
10. Sorry, I forgot to bring your book. I (am going to/will) return it to you tomorrow.
IV. Choose the best option A, B, C or D.
1. I hope I __________ around the world when I __________ older.
A. travel - am B. will travel - will be
C. will travel - am D. travel - will be
2. This house __________ by my grandfather in 2007.
A. was built B. built C. is built D. has built
3. Who do you think __________ the match?
A. is winning B. will win C. won D. win
4. __________ on other planets? What do you think?
 A. Will people live B. Do people live
C. Are people living D. Did people live
5. A new stadium __________ near the station now.
A. is building B. is being built C. builds D. is built
6. Look at how that man is driving! He __________ an accident!
A. will have B. is going to have C. is having D. is had
7. The new road __________ in a few days.
A. finished B. finish
C. is going to be finished D. is finishing
8. When I get older, I __________ rich and famous.
A. was B. am going to be
C. am D. will be
9. Here __________ our bus. Hurry up! We __________ it!
A. came - missed B. come - miss
C. comes - are going to miss D. will come - will miss
10. The river __________ by poisonous chemicals for a long time.
A. was polluted B. polluted
C. pollutes D. has been polluted
V. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
A. That’s right.
B. They’re very cheap.
C. We see plastic bags everywhere.
D. I see, but I don’t really like folding the bags like this.
E. Why are you folding the plastic bags?
F. Yes, we’re polluting the environment with garbage, and plastic waste.
G. I never reuse these bags.
H. We don’t have to worry about it.
Brian: (1) _________________________
Jimmy: Well, for future use.
Brian: Are you serious? (2) _________________________
Jimmy: Yes, I am. I’ll save these bags because they are always useful.
Brian: You can always buy new bags from any market.
(3) _________________________ It’s not worth saving each one.
Jimmy: Yes, they’re cheap. That’s why we see them everywhere, on the streets, in the rivers, at
home, in the forests, under the seas... (4) _________________________
Brian: Oh, I know what you’re talking about...
Jimmy: (5) _________________________
Brian: So, reusing these bags is your way to help the environment, isn’t it?
Jimmy: (6) _________________________
Brian: There are already companies and organizations that deal with the problem. (7)
_________________________
Jimmy: No, you’re wrong. It’s the responsibility of everyone, you and I, our families, our
friends...
Brian: (8) _________________________
Jimmy: You don’t have to fold. Just put them to the recycle bin.
Brian: Okay.

VI. Read the passage and write True or False next to the sentences.
Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or
biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion
devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution.
Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone,
nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other
diseases and is an important source of morbidity and mortality.
Air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year. WHO data shows that
almost all of the global population (99%) breathe air that exceeds WHO guideline limits containing
high levels of pollutants, with low- and middle-income countries suffering from the highest
exposures. WHO is supporting countries to address air pollution.
From smog hanging over cities to smoke inside the home, air pollution poses a major threat to
health and climate. The combined effects of ambient (outdoor) and household air pollution cause
millions of premature deaths every year, largely as a result of increased mortality from stroke, heart
disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory infections.
T F
1. Air pollution is contamination of the outdoor environment only.
2. Except for household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and
forest fires are common sources of air pollution.
3. Outdoor and indoor air pollution is an important source of morbidity and
mortality.
4. Air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year.
5. According to WHO, all of the global population breathe polluted air.
6. Smoke inside the home isn’t a major threat to health and climate.
7. The combined effects of outdoor and household air pollution reduce millions of
premature deaths.
VII. Complete the second sentence using the words in the brackets.
1. They use boats as a means of transport in Mekong Delta. (used)
Boats _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. The special pizza is being prepared by the cook. (preparing)
 The cook ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Thanh started learning the guitar 5 years ago. (for)
Thanh _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. We can only improve if we practice harder. (by)
We can________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Janes does not always remember people’s names. (bad)
Janes is ________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. He doesn’t want to work as a shipper any more. (tired)
He is__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. He bought the shirt immediately and did not ask for a discount. (instead)
He bought______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. How long have Anna and Lucas got married? (get)
When__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________