Bionatura Issue 4 Vol 8 No 1 2023

Effect of adding different levels of lemongrass powder to diets on the

productive performance of broilers chicken
Husam Samir Nema 1,Huda qasim Alhimdany 2
1
Ministry of Agriculture
2
Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad
* Correspondence: [email protected]
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/RB/CSS/2023.08.04.75

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted at the University of Baghdad / College of Agricultural

Engineering Sciences to show the effect of adding lemongrass leaf powder
(Cymbopogon citratus) and vitamin C to broiler diets at different levels on the
productive traits of broilers. This experiment was conducted in the poultry field
(Abu Ghraib) / Department of Animal Production / Agricultural Engineering
Sciences/ for a period from 10/15/2021 to 11/26/2021 for a period of (42 days).
The study used 240 unsexed commercial hybrids (Ross 308) of one-day-age
chicks. They were randomly assigned to 6 treatments and 4 replicates for each
treatment (10 chicks/duplicate). The experimental treatments were as follows:
Control treatment T1 (feed without supplement), treatment T2 (add lemongrass 2
g/kg feed), T3 (add lemongrass 4g/kg feed), T4 (add lemongrass 6g/kg feed),
treatment T5 (add lemongrass 8g/kg feed), Treatment T6 (add vitamin C 0.5 g/kg
feed). Suppose we noted no differences between the addition treatments and the
control treatment during the experiment period in the productive traits. In that case,
we note that there are no significant differences between all the additional
treatments compared to the control treatment despite their arithmetic differences.

Keywords: lemongrass, broiler, productive traits

INTRODUCTION
Nutrition science is one of the most important basic sciences in the poultry
industry, where the poultry industry occupies a basic and effective pillar in
covering part of the nutritional needs of humans. It has made great progress in
recent years in terms of nutrition and economics. The productivity of poultry has
increased significantly and with high efficiency 1. Therefore, international
companies specialized in the broiler industry began to produce new breeds with
high production specifications to provide the minimum requirements for food
security (Valeria, 2011, Pamela), which encouraged researchers to study some
food additives that have a significant impact in supporting the productive and
physiological state of domestic birds and be safe at the same time. Among these
additives is what is known as medicinal plants 2, which were introduced into
poultry feed as an alternative to chemical antibiotics 3 Extracts of leaves, stems,
roots, flowers and buds of these plants contain active substances 4 represented by
flavonoids, terpenoids, alkenes, sulfites, polyphenolics, carotenoids and saponins

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(Bestami et al., 2009). This is due to its stimulating role in the properties of
digestion and absorption and increases the activity of digestive enzymes and
antioxidants. 5 The most important of these plants is lemongrass, its scientific
name (Cymbopogon flexuosus), an aromatic tropical perennial of the grassy or
herbaceous family, which grows in the wild in India, It is characterized by its
distinctive aromatic smell similar to that of citrus, in particular the smell of lemon
fruits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This experiment was conducted in the Department of Animal Production poultry
field at the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad (Abu Ghraib) from
10/15/2021 to 11/25/2021. For a period of (42 days), 240 unsexed (Ross 308)
chicks of one day age with a starting weight of g/chick were used in the study, as
shown in Table (1). The chicks were raised on the bed of sawdust, and the chicks
were distributed randomly on 6 treatments with 4 replications for each treatment.
Each replicate contained 10 chicks. The chicks were raised in a hall divided by
metal wire barriers in the form of pens (Pens), each with an area of 2 x 1.5 m.
The frequencies were randomly homogeneously distributed among the two
populations since the first day of the chicks' lives. Water and fodder were
provided freely (adlibitum) during the experiment period. Feed dishes were used
to feed the chicks in the first week, and one dish was placed for each of the
animals, after which they were replaced with hanging cylindrical plastic feeders
with a diameter of (45 cm). Manual plastic sieves with a capacity of (5 liters) for
the experiment and the continuous lighting system (23 hours a day) give an hour
of darkness per day to accustom the chicks to the darkness and prevent their
disturbance when the electricity suddenly cuts out.
The room temperature was controlled using the gas incubator and electric heaters
to obtain a temperature of 34º - 35º C for the first three days of the chicks' life.
Then, it was reduced to 33-32º C until the end of the first week, and then it was
gradually reduced to the end of the experiment period to settle at a temperature of
22-20º C. The experiment continued for 42 days, and the productive traits were
measured each week, including body weight, weight gain, consumed feed and
food conversion ratio. The complete randomized design (CRD) was used, and a
significant comparison was made between the means of the Duncan polynomial
test (1995) and the ready-made statistical program (SAS 2010) was used in the
statistical analysis.

T6 T5 T4 T3 T2 T1 treatments

41.66 40.76 39.9 41.33 41.23 40.8 Lamb weight (g)

Table 1. weight of chicks (g) at one day age

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final diet growth diet starter diet %Feed material

25- 42 days 11 - 24 days 1 – 10 days

47.6 44.5 43.7 Crushed yellow corn

15 16 14.7 Crushed wheat (local)

26 29 32.5 soybean meal 48%

5 5 5 Protein Concentrate (1)

4.2 3.4 2 sunflower oil

1.1 1.1 1.1 limestone

0.6 0.6 0.6 Dicalcium Phosphate DCP

0.3 0.2 0.2 table salt

0.2 0.2 0.2 Vitamins & Minerals Blend (2)

100 100 100 total

Chemical Analysis Calculated Based on NRC (1994)

20.2 21.5 23,01 Crude protein (%)

3180.3 3108.9 3000.94 Represented energy (kilocalories/kg of

feed)

1.13 1.2 1.31 Lysine (%)

0.77 0. 84 0.88 Methionine + Cysteine (%)

0.89 0.88 0.90 Calcium (%)

0.43 0.46 0.47 Available phosphorous (%)

Table 2. Ingredients and chemical composition (%) of the diets used in the experiment 1-42 (day). (1) BROCON-5 SPECIAL
W, of Dutch origin. Each kg contains 40% crude protein, 5% fat, 2.81% fiber, 3.14% calcium, 2.65% phosphorous, 2.50%
sodium, 3.88% chloride, 3.85% lysine, 3.70% methionine, 4.12% methionine + cysteine, 2107 Kilo Calories/Kg Represented
Energy, 20000 IU Vitamin A, 80000 IU Vitamin D3, 600 mg Vitamin E, 50 mg Vitamin K3, 50 mg Vitamin B1, 140 mg
Vitamin B2, 80 mg Vitamin B6, 700 μg B12, 20 mg Acid Folic, 5 mg citric acid, 2 mg biotin, 800 mg niacin, 1 mg iron, 200 mg
copper, 1,600 mg manganese, 1,200 mg zinc, 20 mg iodine, 5 mg selenium, 6 mg cobalt, 33.50 mg antioxidant (BHT).(2) A
mixture of vitamins and minerals, each kg of which contains 5000 IU Vitamin A, 600 IU D3, 10 mg E, 2 mg K3, 2 mg B1, 2
mg B2, 2 mg B6, 5 micrograms B12, 10 mg C, 15 mg niacin, 500 mcg folic acid, 5 mg D-calcium phosphate, 40 mg zinc, 100
mcg cobalt, l50 mg lysine.
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The feed entered by installing the rations was crushed using a vertical electric
grinder. Small quantities of crushed corn were mixed with lemongrass leaves
powder with a small amount of oil due to its low added quantity and to gradually
ensure a homogeneous manual mixing. The bags were marked with the
transaction numbers.
RESULTS
Average body weight (g/bird):
The data in Table (3) indicate the effect of adding different levels of lemongrass
leaf powder to broiler diets for 1-6 weeks on average live body weight, as we
note that there are no significant differences between the experimental treatments
at week (1, 2 and 3 of the experiment) among all treatments. At the same time,
we notice a significantly excelled(0.05 ≤ p) in favor of treatment T6, which
recorded (1405.93 g) compared to each of the control treatments T1, t2 and t4,
which recorded (1317.03, 1307.87, 1272.3 g) respectively at the fourth week.
This did not differ significantly from each of the treatments t3 and t5 with the
control treatment and the rest of the other treatments at the fifth week, all the
addition treatments did not differ from the control treatment t1 but the significant
difference was between the same addition treatments, if we notice a significantly
excelled in favor of treatment t6 compared to both treatment t2 and t4. This did
not differ significantly from the rest of the treatments, both t3 and t5. As for the
sixth week of the experiment, we noticed no significant differences between the
experimental treatments.
Average body weight (g) for weeks treatments

Sixth week Fifth week , fourth week , third week , second week first week

2638.77±15.47 1988.97±28.28 1317.03± 791.83±18.16 427.73±18.9 151.03±7.14 T1

B.A. 25.93 B

2673.87±27.89 1963.67±24.99 1307.87±6.87 788.33±17.84 425.66±7.44 146.8±4.044 T2

B B

2734.23±15.38 2042.43±25.63 1338.47±10.64 779.1±15 432.66±10.68 147.9±7.95 T3

B.A. B.A.

2645.5±26.72 1943.67±23.16 1272.3±18.32 793.6±38.4 421.53±16.27 147.53±2.36 T4

B B

2702.87±18.41 1997.53±81.55 1352.1±36.1 788.1±58.31 452.13±21.68 157.5±5.65 T5

B.A. B.A.

2761.67±100.98 2126.20±38.72 1405.93±30.52 838±16.04 448±20.66 151.53±5.27 T6

A A

N.S. * * N.S. N.S. N.S. significance level

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Table 3. The effect of adding lemongrass powder (Cymbopogon citratus) to the diets on the average live body weight of
broilers, g/bird (mean ± standard error) for 1-6 weeks
Weight gain (g/bird):
Table (4) results indicate the effect of adding different levels of lemongrass,
vitamin and vitamin C to broiler diets on the weekly and cumulative weight gain
rates for 1-6 weeks. We noticed no significant differences between the different
experimental treatments at weeks 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 of the experiment, while we
noticed a significant excel (0.05 ≤ p) in the fourth week in favor of treatment T6.
It was recorded (567.93 g) compared to the T4 treatment, which recorded the
lowest level during the experiment period for live weight (478.7 g). Among the
treatments, adding all of them with the control treatment did not differ
significantly. The same is true for the cumulative period if we notice significant
differences between all the experimental treatments.

Average Weight gain rate (gm/bird) for weeks

cumulative treat-
Sixth week Fifth week fourth third week
sec- first week
weight gain ments **
week ond
1-6 weeks
week
2597.97±16 649.8±33.3 671.93±4.5 525.2± 364.1±4.56 276.7 110.2± T1
.46 2 4 8.24B 5 ± 5.93
A 13.25
2632.63±28 710.2±18.4 655.8±18.2 519.53 362.66±10. 278.86 105.56±3. T2
.10 9 ± 56 ± 91
11.16B 10.98
A
2692.9±15. 691.8±36.9 703.96±16. 559.36 346.43±24. 284.76 106.56±8. T3
25 4 68 ± 7 ± 23
16.74A 6.66
2605.6±26. 701.83±22 671.36±24. 478.7± 372.00± 274.00 107.63± T4
45 6 30.33 28.00 ± 2.400
B 14.30
2662.1±..99 705.33±99. 645.43±51. 564± 335.96±42. 294.63 116.73±5. T5
19 73 39 23.94 31 ± 18
A 16.34
2720±100.8 635.46±69. 720.26±36. 567.93 390.00±5.6 296.46 109.86±5. T6
6 67 1 ± 8 ± 05
14.70 17.93
A
N.S. N.S. N.S. * N.S. N.S. N.S. signifi-
cance
level
Table 4. Effect of adding lemongrass powder (Cymbopogon citratus) to the starter, growth and final diet for 1-6 weeks on
the average weekly and total weight gain of broilers, g/bird (mean ± standard error).*Different letters within the same
column indicate significant differences at the level (p < 0.05).N.S.: Indicates that there are no significant differences between
the treatments.** T1 control treatment (diet without additions) T2, T3, T4 and T5, adding lemongrass powder (0.4, 0.2, 0.6,
0.8, 1) g, respectively, and T6 vit c 0.5% g.
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Feed consumption rate

The data in Table (5) shows that the addition of lemongrass leaf powder to the
diets for 1-6 weeks in the amount of feed consumed showed that there was a
significant excel of treatment T6 significantly (p<0.05), which recorded (807.2
g/bird) over treatment T1, T4, the control that recorded the lowest rate of
consumption. Feed (723.06 g/bird) and (735 g/bird). At the same time, no
significant difference was observed between the treatments T2, T3, and T5, while
they excelled in the control and T4 treatments in the fourth week. Whereas
treatment T6 excelled on both T2 and control treatment in the fifth week of the
experiment. Also, treatment T6 excelled the control treatment and the rest of the
treatments at the cumulative feed consumption rate from 1 to 6 weeks and
treatment T6, T4. The results of the statistical analysis of Table () related to the
effect of adding lemongrass leaf powder to Ross308 broiler diets for 1-6 weeks
on the average feed conversion ratio during the trial period showed that there was
a significant improvement in treatment T5 compared to the control treatment and
the T4 treatment. It was noted that there were no significant differences between
the control treatments and the rest of the treatments in the third week of the
experiment. In contrast, in the fifth week, it was noted that the T5 treatment was
superior to the control and the rest of the experimental treatments.

Feed consumed rate (g/bird(

treat-
Cumulative Sixth week Fifth week , fourth week , third , second first week
ments **
feed con- week week
sumption
rate from
1-6 weeks
4054.17± 1341.3±39. 1041.6±6.7 735± 9.79 C 481.66±20 320.4±1 134.2±3.8 T1
56.39 B 29 B.A. .58 1.9
4164.1± 1413.7±35 1029.7±10. 773.433±19. 486.33±18 338.46 122.46±13 T2
23.91 BA 64 B 85B .17 ±8.42 .18
4193.03±2 1430.2±17. 1075.53±1 753.63±6.11 487.83±2. 315.4 130.4±14. T3
2.68 B.A. 81 9.56 B.A. CB 19 ±14.24 49
4171.67±1 1478.27±4 1062±15.3 723.06±2.03 461.4±16. 321.6±9. 125.33±7. T4
0.57 B.A. 1.2 B.A. C 61 1 7
4143.43 1337.03±5 1056.8±27. 772.33±2.29 501.53±25 337±11. 138.73±6. T5
±50.59 BA 9.19 51 B.A. B .78 22 13
4231.8±57. 1347.07±6 1101.07±2 807.2±10.94 519.26±18 324.33± 132.86±5. T6
4A 6.63 9.38 A A .59 8.05 21
* N.S. * * N.S. N.S. N.S. signifi-
cance
level
Table 5. Effect of adding lemongrass powder (Cymbopogon citratus) to the starter, growth and final diet for 1-6 weeks on
the average weekly and total feed consumption of broilers, g/bird (mean ± standard error).*Different letters within the
same column indicate significant differences at the level (p < 0.05). N.S.: Indicates that there are no significant differences
Bionatura http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/RB/CSS/2023.08.04.75 7

between the treatments. ** T1 control treatment (diet without additions) T2, T3, T4 and T5, adding lemongrass powder (0.4,
0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1) g, respectively, and T6 vit c 0.5% g.
Food Conversion ratio(g/g) Weight gain
treatments
Nutritional Sixth week Fifth week , fourth week , third week , second first week
**
and cumu- week
lative con-
version
ratio from 1
to 6 weeks
1.56±0.01 2.07±0.072 1.55±0.009 1.399±0.007 1.32±0.06 B 1.159± 0.01 1.22±0.04 T1
B.A.
1.58±0.01 1.99±0.02 1.57±0.03 1.48±0.01 1.34±0.029 1.21±0.07 1.15±0.08 T2
BA BA
1.55±0.006 2.07±0.09 1.52±0.01 1.34±0.03 1.42±0.11 1.1±0.02 1.21±0.05 T3
B B.A.
1.6±0.02 2.11±0.09 1.58±0.03 1.52±0.1 1.25±0.09 B 1.17±0.04 1.162±0.05 T4
B.A.
1.54±0.04 1.87±0.4 1.69±0.14 1.36±0.09 1.64±0.26A 1.1±0.05 1.19±0.003 T5
A
1.56±0.029 2.15±0.13 1.54±0.03 1.41±0.02 1.32±0.04 B 1.11±0.046 1.2± 0.02 T6
B
N.S. N.S. * N.S. * N.S. N.S. significance
level

Table 6. Effect of adding lemongrass powder (Cymbopogon citratus) to the starter, growth and final diet for 1-6 weeks on
the weekly and cumulative feed conversion ratio (g. feed/weight gain) for broilers (mean ± standard error).*Different letters
within the same column indicate significant differences at the level (p < 0.05).N.S.: Indicates that there are no significant
differences between the treatments.** T1 control treatment (forage without additions) T2, T3, T4 and T5, adding
lemongrass powder (0.4, 0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1) g, respectively, and T6 vit c 0.5% g.

DISCUSSION
Lemongrass is cultivated mainly for its essential oil, which has several medicinal
uses, including a pain reliever 6, 7. It is antibacterial 8, antifungal 9, an antioxidant,
anticancer, and anti-inflammatory 10, in addition to being antitussive and general
antiseptic 11.

CONCLUSIONS
The study concludes by evaluating lemongrass as a food additive in poultry diets
and identifying how adding lemongrass to poultry diets affects physiological
performance.

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Received: May 15, 2023/ Accepted: June 10, 2023 / Published: June 15, 2023
Citation: Nema, H.S.; Alhimdany, .H.Q. Effect of adding different levels of lemongrass powder to diets on the productive perfor-
mance of broilers chicken. Revista Bionatura 2023;8 (2) 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/RB/CSS/2023.08.04.75