GOOD AFTERNOON

11 – COMMITMENT
APRIL 07, 2022
REVIEW:
⬡ What are the 7-Steps of Hypothesis
Testing?
⬡ How do you verify whether a null
hypothesis is true or false?
⬡ What do you think is the difference
between population proportion and
population mean?
ACTIVITY:
Directions: Do a 7 Steps Hypothesis Testing.
A certain brand of alcohol claims that the
alcohol concentration of the product is 70%. To test
this claim, a random sample of 15 bottles of alcohol
of this brand were tested and an average of 68%
alcohol concentration was obtained with a standard
deviation of 8 %. Is the claim valid at the 0.05 level
of significance?
ACTIVITY:
Directions: Do a 7 Steps Hypothesis Testing.
A certain brand of alcohol claims that the alcohol concentration of the product is 70%.
To test this claim, a random sample of 15 bottles of alcohol of this brand were tested and an
average of 68% alcohol concentration was obtained with a standard deviation of 8 %. Is the
claim valid at the 0.05 level of significance?
Step 1: Formulate the Hypothesis
H0: μ = 0.70
H1: μ ≠ 0.70
(Two – tailed)
Step 2: Level of Significance
α = 0.05 or 5%
ACTIVITY:
Directions: Do a 7 Steps Hypothesis Testing.
A certain brand of alcohol claims that the alcohol concentration of the product is 70%.
To test this claim, a random sample of 15 bottles of alcohol of this brand were tested and an
average of 68% alcohol concentration was obtained with a standard deviation of 8 %. Is the
claim valid at the 0.05 level of significance?
Step 3: Test of Statistic
(𝑥ҧ − µ) 𝑛
𝑡=
σ

(0.68 − 0.70) 15
=
0.08

𝑡 = −0.97
ACTIVITY:
Directions: Do a 7 Steps Hypothesis Testing.
A certain brand of alcohol claims that the alcohol concentration of the product is 70%.
To test this claim, a random sample of 15 bottles of alcohol of this brand were tested and an
average of 68% alcohol concentration was obtained with a standard deviation of 8 %. Is the
claim valid at the 0.05 level of significance?
Step 4: Rejection Region
𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0.05
= ± 2.145
df = N-1
= 15-1
= 14
ACTIVITY:
Directions: Do a 7 Steps Hypothesis Testing.
A certain brand of alcohol claims that the alcohol concentration of the product is 70%.
To test this claim, a random sample of 15 bottles of alcohol of this brand were tested and an
average of 68% alcohol concentration was obtained with a standard deviation of 8 %. Is the
claim valid at the 0.05 level of significance?
Step 5: Findings
The t-value which is 0.97 is less than critical value which is 2.145.
Step 6: Decision
Accept the null Hypothesis
Step 7: Conclusion
The alcohol concentration of the product is 70%.
“ Based on the activity,
how does the topic on
hypothesis testing help
you develop perseverance
and patience?
Hypothesis Test
Concerning
Proportions
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 1: A sample of 100 individuals was selected at random from a certain population
and 18 of them are left-handed. Test the hypothesis that less than 20% of the population are
left-handed using α = 0.05.
Step 1: Formulate the Hypothesis
H0: 𝑝 ≥ 0.20
H1: p < 0.20
Left – tailed

Step 2: Level of Significance

α = 0.05 or 5%
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 1: A sample of 100 individuals was selected at random from a certain population
and 18 of them are left-handed. Test the hypothesis that less than 20% of the population are
left-handed using α = 0.05.
Step 3: Test of Statistic
𝑝Ƹ − 𝑝0
𝑧=
𝑝0 (1 − 𝑝0 )
𝑛
18
𝑧= 100 − 0.20
0.20(1 − 0.20)
100

𝑧 = −0.5
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 1: A sample of 100 individuals was selected at random from a certain population
and 18 of them are left-handed. Test the hypothesis that less than 20% of the population are
left-handed using α = 0.05.
Step 4: Rejection Region
Critical Value for 0.05 = -1.645
Z- Value = - 0.5
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 1: A sample of 100 individuals was selected at random from a certain population
and 18 of them are left-handed. Test the hypothesis that less than 20% of the population are
left-handed using α = 0.05.
Step 5: Findings
The z−value which is −0.5 is greater than critical value which is −1.645.
Step 6: Decision
Accept the null hypothesis/ Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Step 7: Conclusion
Thus, the proportion of left-handed individuals in the population is not less than 20%,
based on the selected sample.
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 2: In a certain special education school, a sample of 144 students was chosen and
among these, 48 are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that the proportion of ADHD students in the school is not
0.40.
Step 1: Formulate the Hypothesis
H0: 𝑝 = 0.40
H1: p ≠ 0.40
Two – tailed

Step 2: Level of Significance

α = 0.01 or 1%
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 2: In a certain special education school, a sample of 144 students was chosen and
among these, 48 are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that the proportion of ADHD students in the school is not
0.40.
Step 3: Test of Statistic
𝑝Ƹ − 𝑝0
𝑧=
𝑝0 (1 − 𝑝0 )
𝑛
48
− 0.40
𝑧= 144
0.40(1 − 0.40)
144
𝑧 = −1.7146
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 2: In a certain special education school, a sample of 144 students was chosen and
among these, 48 are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that the proportion of ADHD students in the school is not
0.40.
Step 4: Rejection Region
Critical Value for 0.01 = ±2.56
Z- Value = −1.7146
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 2: In a certain special education school, a sample of 144 students was chosen and
among these, 48 are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that the proportion of ADHD students in the school is not
0.40.
Step 5: Findings
The z−value which is −1.7146 is greater than critical value which is −2.56.
Step 6: Decision
Accept the null hypothesis/ Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Step 7: Conclusion
The proportion of ADHD students in the school is 0.40 based on the sample of students
selected.
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 3: In a certain barangay, 500 random residents were chosen of which 225 are
males. At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that more than 35% of the barangay population are
male residents.
Step 1: Formulate the Hypothesis
H0: 𝑝 ≤ 0.35
H1: p > 0.35
Right – tailed

Step 2: Level of Significance

α = 0.01 or 1%
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 3: In a certain barangay, 500 random residents were chosen of which 225 are
males. At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that more than 35% of the barangay population are
male residents.
Step 3: Test of Statistic
𝑝Ƹ − 𝑝0
𝑧=
𝑝0 (1 − 𝑝0 )
𝑛
225
− 0.35
𝑧= 500
0.35(1 − 0.35)
500

𝑧 = 4.69
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 3: In a certain barangay, 500 random residents were chosen of which 225 are
males. At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that more than 35% of the barangay population are
male residents.
Step 4: Rejection Region
Critical Value for 0.01 = 2.326
Z- Value = 4.69
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 3: In a certain barangay, 500 random residents were chosen of which 225 are
males. At α = 0.01, test the hypothesis that more than 35% of the barangay population are
male residents.
Step 5: Findings
The z−value which is 4.69 is greater than critical value which is 2.326.
Step 6: Decision
Reject the null hypothesis
Step 7: Conclusion
The proportion of male residents in the barangay is more than 35%.
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 4: Suppose you have two groups: a male group and a female group. Choosing a
sample of 50 from the male group, you have identified that 15 are licensed to drive. On the
other hand, a sample of 60 from the female group identified 24 females who are licensed to
drive. At α = 0.05, is there a significant difference between the proportions of male drivers
and female drivers?
Step 1: Formulate the Hypothesis
H0: 𝑝1 = 𝑝2
H1: 𝑝1 ≠ 𝑝2
Two – tailed
Step 2: Level of Significance
α = 0.05 or 5%
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 4: Suppose you have two groups: a male group and a female group. Choosing a
sample of 50 from the male group, you have identified that 15 are licensed to drive. On the
other hand, a sample of 60 from the female group identified 24 females who are licensed to
drive. At α = 0.05, is there a significant difference between the proportions of male drivers
and female drivers?
Step 3: Test of Statistic
𝑝Ƹ1 − 𝑝Ƹ2
𝑧=
1 1
𝑝 1−𝑝 +
𝑛1 𝑛2
0.3 − 0.4
𝑧=
39 39 1 1
1 − + 60
110 110 50

𝑧 = −1.09
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 4: Suppose you have two groups: a male group and a female group. Choosing a
sample of 50 from the male group, you have identified that 15 are licensed to drive. On the
other hand, a sample of 60 from the female group identified 24 females who are licensed to
drive. At α = 0.05, is there a significant difference between the proportions of male drivers
and female drivers?
Step 4: Rejection Region
Critical Value for 0.05 = ±1.96
Z- Value = -1.09
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 4: Suppose you have two groups: a male group and a female group. Choosing a
sample of 50 from the male group, you have identified that 15 are licensed to drive. On the
other hand, a sample of 60 from the female group identified 24 females who are licensed to
drive. At α = 0.05, is there a significant difference between the proportions of male drivers
and female drivers?
Step 5: Findings
The z−value which is −1.09 is greater than critical value which is −1.96.
Step 6: Decision
Accept the null hypothesis
Step 7: Conclusion
There is no significant difference in the proportions of male and female drivers based on
the samples.
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 5: A researcher is interested in studying whether or not the proportions of college-level residents in
two barangays are the same. He selected a sample of 200 residents from Barangay A and 225 residents from
Barangay B and from these samples the following data were obtained.

Test the claim that the proportion of college-level residents in Barangay A is less than that of Barangay B. Use
α = 0.01.
Step 1: Formulate the Hypothesis
H0: 𝑝1 ≥ 𝑝2
H1: 𝑝1 < 𝑝2
One Tailed (Left – tailed)
Step 2: Level of Significance
α = 0.01 or 1%
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 5: A researcher is interested in studying whether or not the proportions of college-level residents in
two barangays are the same. He selected a sample of 200 residents from Barangay A and 225 residents from
Barangay B and from these samples the following data were obtained. Test the claim
that the proportion of college-level residents in
Barangay A is less than that of Barangay B.
Use α = 0.01.
Step 3: Test of Statistic
𝑝Ƹ1 − 𝑝Ƹ2
𝑧=
1 1
𝑝 1−𝑝 +
𝑛1 𝑛2
0.39 − 0.4
𝑧=
168 168 1 1
1− +
425 425 200 225

𝑧 = −0.21
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 5: A researcher is interested in studying whether or not the proportions of college-level residents in
two barangays are the same. He selected a sample of 200 residents from Barangay A and 225 residents from
Barangay B and from these samples the following data were obtained. Test the claim
that the proportion of college-level residents in
Barangay A is less than that of Barangay B.
Use α = 0.01.
Step 4: Rejection Region
Critical Value for 0.05 = −2.326
Z- Value = -0.21
Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
Example 5: A researcher is interested in studying whether or not the proportions of college-level residents in
two barangays are the same. He selected a sample of 200 residents from Barangay A and 225 residents from
Barangay B and from these samples the following data were obtained. Test the claim
that the proportion of college-level residents in
Barangay A is less than that of Barangay B.
Use α = 0.01.
Step 5: Findings
The z−value which is −0.21 is greater than critical value which is −2.326.
Step 6: Decision
Fail to reject the null hypothesis/ Accept the null hypothesis.
Step 7: Conclusion
The proportion of college-level residents in Barangay A is not less than that of Barangay B based on the
samples selected.
“ Cite a real-life
situation in which you
believe that the
proportions of men and
women are different. Is
this advantageous to the
society? Explain.
Evaluation
Answer the following:
1. The dean of the College of Education of RAPA University has a strong belief that the graduates of
the university’s teacher education programs will have a better performance this year in the
Licensure Examination for Teachers given by the Professional Regulation Commission. He believes
that the proportion of successful examinees this year is greater than the 0.75 proportion obtained
last year. What are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to test this belief?
2. Suppose the Department of Labor and Employment conducted a survey to groups of males, and
females who recently graduated from college. They were asked where they want to work first,
within the country or outside the country. The department found out that 304 out of 400 males
and 1 340 of 2 000 females prefer to be employed abroad. Let p1 and p2 denote the true
proportions of all male and of all female that have this preference, respectively. Is there a strong
evidence that the proportion of males who prefer to work within the country is higher than the
proportion of adults who prefer to work first abroad? Use 0.05 level of significance.