MINI PROJECT REPORT-2

(KMBN-252)
ON
“AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY”
Submitted towards partial fulfilment for the award of degree
Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

Submitted By:
PADAM KATIYAR
MBA 2ND SEMESTER
ROLL NO. : 2209900700017
DR. VIRENDRA SWARUP MEMORIAL TRUST GROUP
OF INSTITUTIONS, KANPUR NAGAR
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to take this opportunity to express my deep sense of

gratitude and thanks to my supervisor.

I am thankful to all those staff members of the department who

helped me directly or indirectly in completing this work.

Last, but not least, I am thankful to the management members

and director of Dr. Virendra Swarup Memorial Trust Group Of
Institutions, Kanpur Nagar, UP who permitted and supported
me for completing this research work.

PADAM KATIYAR
 INDEX

Sr. Page
Topic
No. No.
1. Introduction 4
2. Key points of agriculture 5
Challenges facing the
3. 6
agricultural industry
Impact of challenges on
4. 7
agricultural industry
Application of emerging
5. technologies in agricultural 8
industry
6. Precision Agriculture 9
7. Robotics 11
8. Artificial intelligence (AI) 13
9. Internet of things (IoT) 15
10. Gene editing 17
11. Vertical farming 19
Benefits of using emerging
12. 21
technologies in agriculture
Challenges of using emerging
13. 22
technologies in agriculture
14. Conclusion 22
 Agricultural Industry

Introduction:

 Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. It is the primary

source of food for humans and animals.
 The agricultural industry is the sector of the economy that produces
agricultural products. It includes farmers, ranchers, agricultural businesses,
and related industries.
 The agricultural industry is a major economic driver in many countries. It
provides jobs, generates income, and contributes to the GDP.
 The agricultural industry is facing a number of challenges, including a growing
global population, climate change, and the increasing demand for sustainable
food production.
 The agricultural industry is also an important part of the environment. It
provides habitat for wildlife and helps to protect water quality.
 The agricultural industry is constantly evolving as new technologies and
practices are developed.
Here are some of the key points of agriculture:

 Food production: Agriculture is responsible for producing the food that we

eat. This includes crops such as wheat, rice, corn, and vegetables, as well as
livestock such as cattle, chickens, and pigs.
 Fibre production: Agriculture also produces fibres that are used to make
clothing and other products. This includes crops such as cotton and flax, as
well as livestock such as sheep and goats.
 Fuel production: Agriculture can also be used to produce biofuels, which are
used to power vehicles and other machines. This includes crops such as corn
and soybeans, as well as livestock manure.
 Environmental services: Agriculture provides a number of environmental
services, such as storing carbon, filtering water, and providing habitat for
wildlife.

The agricultural industry is a vital part of the global economy and the environment. It
is facing a number of challenges, but it is also evolving to meet the needs of a
growing population and a changing climate.
The challenges facing the agricultural industry:

 Growing global population: The global population is expected to reach 9.7

billion by 2050. This will put a strain on the agricultural industry, as it will need
to produce more food to meet the needs of the growing population.
 Climate change: Climate change is causing changes in weather patterns,
which is making it difficult for farmers to grow crops. For example, droughts
and floods are becoming more common, and these can damage crops and
reduce yields.
 Increasing demand for sustainable food production: Consumers are
increasingly demanding that food be produced in a sustainable way. This
means that farmers need to find ways to reduce their environmental impact,
such as by using less water and pesticides.
The impact of these challenges on the agricultural
industry:

The challenges facing the agricultural industry are having a number of negative
impacts, including:

 Reduced crop yields: Climate change is causing crop yields to decline in

many parts of the world. This is due to factors such as droughts, floods, and
pests.
 Increased food prices: The cost of food is rising due to factors such as rising
input costs (such as fertilizer and pesticides) and reduced crop yields.
 Increased environmental impact: The agricultural industry is a major
contributor to environmental problems such as climate change, water
pollution, and soil degradation.
 Decreasing farmer incomes: Farmers are facing a number of challenges,
such as rising input costs and declining crop yields. This is leading to
decreasing farmer incomes.
 Application Of Emerging
Technologies In Agricultural Industry

The agricultural industry is facing a number of challenges, including a growing global

population, climate change, and the increasing demand for sustainable food
production. Emerging technologies offer the potential to address these challenges
and help the agricultural industry to become more efficient, sustainable, and
productive.

Here are some of the most promising applications of emerging technologies in

agriculture:

 Precision agriculture: This uses data from sensors, drones, and satellite
imagery to collect information about crop health, soil conditions, and weather
patterns. This information can then be used to make more informed decisions
about planting, irrigation, and fertilization, leading to improved yields and
reduced costs.
 Robotics: Robots are being used to automate tasks such as harvesting,
weeding, and milking. This can help to reduce labor costs and improve
efficiency.
 Artificial intelligence (AI): AI is being used to develop new crop varieties
that are resistant to pests and diseases, as well as to improve livestock
breeding. AI is also being used to develop new ways to predict crop yields
and optimize irrigation.
 Internet of Things (IoT): IoT sensors can be used to collect data about
environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture.
This data can then be used to monitor crop health and optimize irrigation.
 Gene editing: Gene editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 can be used
to improve crop yields, nutritional content, and resistance to pests and
diseases.
 Vertical farming: Vertical farming is a method of growing crops in vertically
stacked layers. This can help to reduce land use and water consumption.

These are just a few of the many ways that emerging technologies are being applied
to agriculture. As these technologies continue to develop, they have the potential to
revolutionize the agricultural industry and help to feed a growing global population.
 Precision agriculture

Precision agriculture is a data-driven approach to farming that uses sensors, drones,

and satellite imagery to collect information about crop health, soil conditions, and
weather patterns. This information can then be used to make more informed
decisions about planting, irrigation, and fertilization, leading to improved yields and
reduced costs.

Here are some of the key components of precision agriculture:

 Sensors: Sensors are used to collect data about the environment, such as
soil moisture, temperature, and plant health. This data can be used to create
maps of the field that show the variability of these conditions.
 Drones: Drones can be used to collect aerial imagery of the field. This
imagery can be used to identify problems such as crop stress or pests.
 Satellite imagery: Satellite imagery can be used to collect data about the
entire field, including the overall health of the crop.
 Variable rate technology (VRT): VRT is used to apply inputs, such as
fertilizer and pesticides, in a way that is tailored to the specific needs of each
part of the field.
 Decision support systems (DSS): DSS are used to help farmers make
decisions about planting, irrigation, and fertilization. These systems use data
from sensors, drones, and satellite imagery to create models of the field.

Precision agriculture can be used to improve crop yields, reduce input costs, and
improve crop quality. It can also be used to reduce the environmental impact of
agriculture.
Here are some of the benefits of precision agriculture:

 Increased crop yields: By using data and insights from precision agriculture,
farmers can make better decisions about planting, irrigation, and fertilization,
which can lead to increased crop yields.
 Reduced input costs: By using precision agriculture techniques, farmers can
reduce their use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, which can save them
money.
 Improved crop quality: By using AI and machine learning, farmers can
identify and remove diseased plants early on, which can improve the quality of
their crops.
 Increased sustainability: By using technologies such as vertical farming and
hydroponics, farmers can grow crops in a more sustainable way, using less
land and water.

Precision agriculture is still in its early stages of development, but it has the potential
to revolutionize the agricultural industry. As the technology continues to develop, it is
likely to become more affordable and accessible to farmers. This will help to make
precision agriculture a more widespread practice, and it will help to ensure a more
sustainable food future.

Here are some of the challenges of precision agriculture:

 The cost of precision agriculture technologies can be a barrier for some

farmers.
 There is a need for more research and development to improve the accuracy
and reliability of these technologies.
 There are also concerns about the potential environmental impacts of some of
these technologies, such as gene editing.

Despite these challenges, precision agriculture has the potential to make a

significant contribution to the agricultural industry. With careful planning and
investment, precision agriculture can help to feed a growing global population while
also protecting the environment.
 Robotics

Robotics is rapidly transforming the agricultural industry, making it more efficient,

sustainable, and productive. Robots are being used to automate tasks such as
harvesting, weeding, and milking. This can help to reduce labor costs and improve
efficiency. Robots are also being used to develop new agricultural machinery that is
more precise and efficient.

Here are some of the ways that robotics are being used in agriculture:

 Harvesting: Robots are being used to harvest crops such as tomatoes,

strawberries, and grapes. This can help to reduce food waste and improve
food safety.
 Weeding: Robots are being used to weed crops such as corn and soybeans.
This can help to reduce the use of herbicides and improve crop yields.
 Milking: Robots are being used to milk cows. This can help to improve milk
quality and reduce labor costs.
 Planting: Robots are being used to plant seeds and seedlings. This can help
to improve planting accuracy and reduce labor costs.
 Pest control: Robots are being used to control pests such as insects and
rodents. This can help to reduce the use of pesticides and improve crop
yields.
 Scouting: Robots are being used to scout fields for pests, diseases, and
other problems. This can help farmers to identify and address problems early
on, which can help to improve crop yields.
Robotics is still in its early stages of development in agriculture, but it has the
potential to revolutionize the industry. As the technology continues to develop, it is
likely to become more affordable and accessible to farmers. This will help to make
robotics a more widespread practice, and it will help to ensure a more sustainable
food future.

Here are some of the benefits of using robotics in agriculture:

 Reduced labor costs: Robots can automate tasks that are currently done by
humans, which can help to reduce labor costs.
 Improved efficiency: Robots can perform tasks more accurately and
efficiently than humans, which can help to improve crop yields and reduce
waste.
 Increased sustainability: Robots can help to reduce the use of pesticides
and herbicides, which can help to protect the environment.
 Improved safety: Robots can perform tasks in dangerous or hazardous
conditions, which can help to protect human workers.

However, there are also some challenges that need to be addressed before
robotics can be widely adopted in agriculture. These challenges include:

 The cost of robots can be high, which can be a barrier for some farmers.
 Robots need to be programmed to perform specific tasks, which can be time-
consuming and expensive.
 Robots can be sensitive to environmental conditions, such as dust and dirt,
which can make them difficult to operate in some settings.

Despite these challenges, robotics has the potential to make a significant

contribution to the agricultural industry. With careful planning and investment,
robotics can help to feed a growing global population while also protecting the
environment.
 Artificial intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the agricultural industry, making it

more efficient, sustainable, and productive. AI is being used to develop new crop
varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, as well as to improve livestock
breeding. AI is also being used to develop new ways to predict crop yields and
optimize irrigation.

Here are some of the ways that AI is being used in agriculture:

 Precision agriculture: AI is being used to develop precision agriculture

techniques that use data and sensors to improve crop yields and reduce input
costs. For example, AI can be used to identify areas of a field that need more
water or fertilizer, or to detect pests and diseases early on.
 Crop breeding: AI is being used to develop new crop varieties that are
resistant to pests and diseases, as well as to improve their nutritional content.
For example, AI can be used to identify genes that are associated with
resistance to pests and diseases, or to select the best parents for breeding
new varieties.
 Livestock breeding: AI is being used to improve livestock breeding by
selecting the best animals for breeding and by developing new ways to
monitor the health of livestock. For example, AI can be used to identify genes
that are associated with desirable traits in livestock, or to develop new ways to
detect diseases early on.
 Yield prediction: AI is being used to develop models that can predict crop
yields. This information can be used to help farmers make better decisions
about planting, irrigation, and fertilization.
 Irrigation optimization: AI is being used to develop models that can optimize
irrigation. This information can be used to help farmers save water and
improve crop yields.
 Weed control: AI is being used to develop robots that can identify and
remove weeds. This can help farmers to reduce the use of herbicides and
improve crop yields.
 Disease detection: AI is being used to develop models that can detect pests
and diseases early on. This information can be used to help farmers to take
action to control pests and diseases before they cause damage to crops.
AI is still in its early stages of development in agriculture, but it has the potential to
revolutionize the industry. As the technology continues to develop, it is likely to
become more affordable and accessible to farmers. This will help to make AI a more
widespread practice, and it will help to ensure a more sustainable food future.

Here are some of the benefits of using AI in agriculture:

 Increased crop yields: By using AI-powered tools, farmers can make better
decisions about planting, irrigation, and fertilization, which can lead to
increased crop yields.
 Reduced input costs: By using precision agriculture techniques, farmers can
reduce their use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, which can save them
money.
 Improved crop quality: By using AI and machine learning, farmers can
identify and remove diseased plants early on, which can improve the quality of
their crops.
 Increased sustainability: By using technologies such as vertical farming and
hydroponics, farmers can grow crops in a more sustainable way, using less
land and water.

However, there are also some challenges that need to be addressed before AI
can be widely adopted in agriculture. These challenges include:

 The cost of AI systems can be high, which can be a barrier for some farmers.
 There is a need for more research and development to improve the accuracy
and reliability of AI systems.
 There are also concerns about the potential environmental impacts of some
AI applications, such as gene editing.

Despite these challenges, AI has the potential to make a significant contribution to

the agricultural industry. With careful planning and investment, AI can help to feed a
growing global population while also protecting the environment.
 Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly transforming the agricultural industry, making it
more efficient, sustainable, and productive. IoT is the network of physical objects—
devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items—embedded with sensors, software,
and network connectivity to collect and exchange data.

Here are some of the ways that IoT is being used in agriculture:

 Precision agriculture: IoT sensors can be used to collect data about crop
health, soil conditions, and weather patterns. This information can then be
used to make more informed decisions about planting, irrigation, and
fertilization, leading to improved yields and reduced costs.
 Remote monitoring: IoT sensors can be used to remotely monitor livestock
health and behavior. This can help farmers to identify and address problems
early on, which can improve animal welfare and productivity.
 Smart irrigation: IoT sensors can be used to monitor soil moisture and
weather conditions. This information can then be used to optimize irrigation,
which can help to save water and improve crop yields.
 Predictive analytics: IoT data can be used to develop predictive models that
can forecast crop yields, pest infestations, and other agricultural events. This
information can be used to help farmers make better decisions about their
operations.
 Traceability: IoT sensors can be used to track the movement of food
products from the farm to the consumer. This information can be used to
ensure food safety and traceability.
 Security: IoT sensors can be used to monitor and secure agricultural assets,
such as livestock and crops. This can help to protect against theft, vandalism,
and other threats.
IoT is still in its early stages of development in agriculture, but it has the potential to
revolutionize the industry. As the technology continues to develop, it is likely to
become more affordable and accessible to farmers. This will help to make IoT a
more widespread practice, and it will help to ensure a more sustainable food future.

Here are some of the benefits of using IoT in agriculture:

 Increased efficiency: IoT can help farmers to collect and analyze data in real
time, which can help them to make better decisions about their operations.
 Improved sustainability: IoT can help farmers to reduce their use of water,
pesticides, and other inputs, which can help to protect the environment.
 Increased productivity: IoT can help farmers to increase crop yields and
improve animal welfare, which can help them to generate more revenue.
 Reduced risk: IoT can help farmers to reduce the risk of crop failure, pest
infestation, and other agricultural losses.

However, there are also some challenges that need to be addressed before IoT
can be widely adopted in agriculture. These challenges include:

 The cost of IoT devices and systems can be high.

 There is a need for more research and development to improve the accuracy
and reliability of IoT systems.
 There are also concerns about the security of IoT systems.

Despite these challenges, IoT has the potential to make a significant contribution to
the agricultural industry. With careful planning and investment, IoT can help to feed a
growing global population while also protecting the environment.
 Gene Editing

Gene editing is a technique that allows scientists to make precise changes to the
DNA of an organism. This can be used to improve the characteristics of crops and
livestock, such as their yield, nutritional content, and resistance to pests and
diseases.

Gene editing is a rapidly developing technology with the potential to revolutionize the
agricultural industry.

Some of the potential benefits of gene editing in agriculture include:

 Increased crop yields: Gene editing can be used to develop crops that are
more resistant to pests and diseases, which can lead to increased yields.
 Improved nutritional content: Gene editing can be used to develop crops
with improved nutritional content, such as higher levels of vitamins and
minerals.
 Reduced environmental impact: Gene editing can be used to develop crops
that require less water and pesticides, which can help to reduce the
environmental impact of agriculture.
 Improved animal welfare: Gene editing can be used to develop livestock
with improved disease resistance and welfare traits.

However, there are also some potential risks associated with gene editing in
agriculture, such as:

 Off-target effects: Gene editing tools can sometimes make unintended

changes to the DNA, which can have unintended consequences.
 Gene escape: Gene-edited crops could escape into the wild and could
potentially harm native plants and animals.
 Public acceptance: There is some public concern about the safety of gene
editing, which could slow down the adoption of this technology.

Overall, gene editing is a powerful technology with the potential to improve

agriculture in many ways. However, it is important to carefully consider the potential
risks and benefits of this technology before it is widely adopted.
Here are some of the specific applications of gene editing in agriculture:

 Developing crops that are resistant to pests and diseases: Gene editing
can be used to introduce genes from other organisms that confer resistance
to pests and diseases. For example, a gene from a bacterium can be
introduced into a crop plant to make it resistant to a particular type of bacteria.
 Improving the nutritional content of crops: Gene editing can be used to
remove genes that inhibit the production of certain nutrients, or to introduce
genes that encode for the production of new nutrients. For example, gene
editing has been used to develop rice plants that contain higher levels of beta-
carotene, which is a precursor to vitamin A.
 Developing crops that are better suited to specific environments: Gene
editing can be used to introduce genes that allow crops to grow in areas with
extreme temperatures or other challenging conditions. For example, gene
editing has been used to develop wheat plants that are more tolerant of
drought.
 Developing crops that are more efficient at using water and
nutrients: Gene editing can be used to introduce genes that improve the
efficiency of photosynthesis or the uptake of nutrients. This can help to reduce
the environmental impact of agriculture.
 Developing crops that are better for human health: Gene editing can be
used to remove genes that produce allergens or toxins, or to introduce genes
that encode for the production of new compounds with health benefits. For
example, gene editing has been used to develop potatoes that are lower in
acrylamide, a compound that is formed during cooking and has been linked to
cancer.

Gene editing is a powerful technology with the potential to revolutionize agriculture.

However, it is important to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of this
technology before it is widely adopted.
 Vertical Farming

Vertical farming is a type of indoor farming that grows crops in vertically stacked
layers. This can be done in a variety of settings, such as warehouses, shipping
containers, and even skyscrapers. Vertical farming has the potential to revolutionize
the agricultural industry by making it more efficient, sustainable, and productive.

Here are some of the benefits of vertical farming:

 Reduced land use: Vertical farming can be done in a fraction of the space
required for traditional agriculture. This is important because land is a limited
resource, and it is becoming increasingly scarce.
 Reduced water use: Vertical farming can use up to 90% less water than
traditional agriculture. This is because water is recycled and reused in a
closed-loop system.
 Reduced pesticide use: Vertical farming can use up to 90% fewer pesticides
than traditional agriculture. This is because plants are grown in a controlled
environment, which makes them less susceptible to pests and diseases.
 Increased crop yields: Vertical farming can produce up to 10 times more
crops per square foot than traditional agriculture. This is because plants are
grown in a controlled environment, which allows for optimal growing
conditions.
 Locally grown food: Vertical farming can be used to grow food locally, which
reduces the need for transportation and helps to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
However, there are also some challenges associated with vertical farming,
such as:

 High upfront costs: Vertical farming systems can be expensive to set up and
operate.
 Limited crop variety: Vertical farming is currently limited to a small number
of crops, such as leafy greens and herbs.
 Dependence on technology: Vertical farming relies on technology for things
like lighting, irrigation, and climate control. This makes it vulnerable to
disruptions in power or technology.

Overall, vertical farming is a promising technology with the potential to revolutionize

the agricultural industry. However, it is important to carefully consider the challenges
and limitations of this technology before it is widely adopted.

Here are some of the specific applications of vertical farming:

 Growing leafy greens and herbs: Leafy greens and herbs are a good choice
for vertical farming because they have a short growing season and can be
grown in a variety of conditions.
 Growing fruits and vegetables: Fruits and vegetables can also be grown in
vertical farms, but they require more space and specialized equipment.
 Growing flowers: Flowers can be grown in vertical farms, and they can be a
good way to add beauty and fragrance to a building.
 Growing microgreens: Microgreens are small, immature plants that are high
in nutrients. They can be grown in vertical farms and used in salads,
sandwiches, and other dishes.
 Growing mushrooms: Mushrooms can be grown in vertical farms, and they
are a good source of protein and fiber.

Vertical farming is a rapidly developing technology with the potential to change the
way we produce food. As the technology continues to improve, it is likely to become
more widely adopted and could help to meet the growing demand for food in a
sustainable way.
 Benefits of using emerging
technologies in agriculture
 Increased crop yields: By using data and insights from emerging
technologies, farmers can make better decisions about planting, irrigation,
and fertilization, which can lead to increased crop yields.
 Reduced input costs: By using precision agriculture techniques, farmers can
reduce their use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, which can save them
money.
 Improved crop quality: By using AI and machine learning, farmers can
identify and remove diseased plants early on, which can improve the quality of
their crops.
 Increased sustainability: By using technologies such as vertical farming and
hydroponics, farmers can grow crops in a more sustainable way, using less
land and water.
 Challenges of using emerging
technologies in agriculture
 The cost of emerging technologies can be a barrier for some farmers.
 There is a need for more research and development to improve the accuracy
and reliability of these technologies.
 There are also concerns about the potential environmental impacts of some of
these technologies, such as gene editing.

Ways to overcome the challenges of using emerging technologies in

agriculture:

 Governments and other organizations can provide financial support to help

farmers adopt these technologies.
 Research and development can be focused on making these technologies
more affordable and accurate.
 Environmental impact assessments can be conducted to identify and mitigate
the potential risks of these technologies.

Conclusion
The application of emerging technologies in agriculture has the potential to
revolutionize the industry and help to meet the challenges of feeding a growing
global population while also protecting the environment. However, there are some
challenges that need to be overcome before these technologies can be widely
adopted. With careful planning and investment, emerging technologies can play a
major role in ensuring a sustainable food future.