Robotics Motor & Gear

❖ Robot - A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and can perform a
variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance

that operates automatically or by remote control.
❖ Robots with electric drives have superior precision and repeatability because they are
more compact, have less floor space, operate quietly, and require little maintenance.
❖ CONTROLLER acting as the ‘brain’ of the machine and (usually a computer and
software package) to deliver commands to the robot.
★ a part of a robot that coordinates all motion of the mechanical system. It also
receives input from the immediate environment through various sensors. The
heart of the robot's controller is a microprocessor linked with the input/output and
monitoring device
❖ PRE-PROGRAMMED CONTROL SYSTEMS- Simpler pre-programmed robots are
designed purely to repeat the same basic operations over and over, and can only respond
in very limited ways (if at all) to changes in the external environment. In other words,
they require the maintenance of suitable conditions in which to perform their intended
tasks properly.
❖ AUTONOMOUS ROBOTIC CONTROL SYSTEMS- More complex autonomous
robots will be fitted with a range of sensors and other equipment that allow them to detect
and respond to external factors or environmental changes.
❖ PARTS:
★ ACTUATORS/MANIPULATORS- A series of mechanical parts and
attachments designed to carry out the pre-programmed articulations.
★ ROBOTIC GRIPPERS for robots are just one of many types of manipulators
that can be fitted to the end effector (the ‘hand’) part of a robot or robotic arm, to
provide it with certain key functions and abilities.
★ END EFFECTORS-the "hand" connected to the robot's arm. It is often different
from a human hand - it could be a tool such as a gripper, a vacuum pump,
tweezers, a scalpel, blowtorch - just about anything that helps it do its job. Some
robots can change end-effectors, and be reprogrammed for a different set of tasks.
★ ROBOTIC JOINTS AND MOTORS-are what give these machines their prized
ability to perform extremely precise, accurately repeatable movements again and
again; a wide assortment of motors - also known as actuators - available for
purchase from robotics suppliers, and picking out the right type will depend on
consideration of a few key facts about the type and range of motion you want
★ SENSORS-provide real-time information on the task environment. Robots are
equipped with a tactile sensor that imitates the mechanical properties of touch
receptors of human fingerprints and a vision sensor is used for computing the
depth in the environment.
❖ A device can only be called a “robot” if it contains a movable mechanism, influenced by
sensing, planning, actuation and control components. Motors and actuators are the
devices that make the robot movable. Motors and actuators convert electrical energy into
physical motion. The vast majority of actuators produce either rotational or linear motion.
❖ What is a MOTOR?
★ ELECTRIC MOTORS- are devices that use electricity to move objects
mechanically.
★ DC MOTORS-commonly used in robotics applications.
★ AC Motors- mainly used in industrial environments where very high torque is
required, or where the motors are connected to the mains/wall outlet
★ Brushed DC motor- toys to push-button adjustable car seats. Brushed DC
(BDC) motors are inexpensive, easy to drive, and readily available in all sizes
and shapes; Advantages: Inexpensive, Lightweight, Reasonably Efficient, and
Good low-speed torque; Disadvantages: these motors create a lot of electrical
noise which can find its way back into other circuitry and cause problems.
★ Brushless DC motor-requires complex electronic control circuitry for
monitoring rotor position continually. It is dependent on the voltage of its speed.
This is used only where there is the highest efficiency, smooth operation, and low
nose either as mechanical or electrical. (BLDC)
★ Geared DC Motors- Most common components in robotics that have a

high-quality motor, torque, and speed are changeable to gear motors and used
batteries to aid movements with varying speeds.
★
★ SERVO MOTORS- an electrical device that can push or rotate an object with
great precision and is being used in many applications like toy cars, RC
helicopters and planes, Robotics, machines, etc; A servo motor is a rotary
actuator that allows for precise control of angular position
★ DC LINEAR ACTUATOR- A linear actuator is a means for converting
rotational motion into push or pull linear motion, which can be used for lifting,
dropping, sliding, or tilting machines or materials. They provide safe and clean
motion control that is efficient and maintenance-free; A linear actuator actuates,
or moves, in a linear straight line. Though the basic function of an actuator is the
same, there are different ways that motion is achieved. The uses of linear
actuators include wheelchair ramps for toys and technological instruments for
spacecraft.
★ STEPPER MOTOR- an electromechanical device that converts electrical pulses
into discrete mechanical movements; Stepper motors are great motors for
position control. They can be found in desktop printers, plotters, 3d printers,
CNC milling machines, and anything else requiring precise position control;
With computer-controlled stepping, these motors can be used to achieve very
precise positioning and/or speed control, ideal in numerous robotics applications.
❖ DEFINITION OF TERMS:
★ Torque is a measure of a motor’s ability to provide a “turning force”. In a robot,
the motor torque is conveyed to a wheel or a lever, which then causes the robot to
move or the lever to lift, push, or pull something.
★
★ SPEED- determines how fast or slow the wheel needs to turn. Speed requirement
is easier to estimate and depends on how fast your robot should run. DC motors
run at speeds of thousands of RPMs with low torque, but most robots require less
speed
★
★ The most common electric motors used in robotics projects are the DC motors.
Common preferred voltages for DC motors are 3, 6, 12, and 24 Volts. If a motor
is applied at a voltage lower than the voltage listed in the datasheet, the torque
will not overcome the internal friction – mostly from the brushes. Also, if a
higher voltage than that supported is applied to the motor, it may heat up and can
be damaged.

Robotics Motor & Gear

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Robotics Motor & Gear

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Robotics Motor & Gear

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

❖ Robot - A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and can perform a

variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance

★ Geared DC Motors- Most common components in robotics that have a

You might also like