(Maa 3.9) More Trigonometric Functions - Solutions

[MAA 3.
9]
MORE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis
O. Practice questions
1. (a) f ( x )  sin 4 x , 0  x  π
(b) g ( x)  sin(πx ) , 0  x  4
(c)
π 3π 5π 7π
sin 4 x  1 , 0  x  π x , x , x , x
8 8 8 8
1 3 5 7
sin( x )  1 , 0  x  4 x , x , x , x
2 2 2 2
2. f ( x)  sin 4 x ,    x  
1
3. (a)
(b) Domain : x  kπ , k  ℤ (ι.ε. all real numbers except all multiples of π )

Range: y ]  ,1]  [1, [
4.
5.
2
6.
2 2
7. (i) sin(arcsin ) 
3 3
2 2
(ii) we use the method of triangle: Let arcsin   , then sin  
3 3
3
2
θ
5
2 2
(ii) tan(arcsin )  tan( ) 
3 5
2 4 1
(ιιι) cos(2 arcsin )  cos(2 )  1  2 sin 2   1  2 
3 9 9
π π
8. (a) xR ,   y
2 2
1 1 5
 π
(b) tan A  3 2  6  1  A  ,
11 5 4
1
32 6
23 5 3π π
tan B    1  B  (Β is +tive, so cannot be  )
1  2  3 5 4 4
1 5
2  π
tan C  3  3  1  C   , (C is -tive)
1 5 4
1  2
3 3
2 3 2 3
  π
tan D  3 2  3 2 not defined  D 
23 0 2
1
32
3
A. Exam style questions (SHORT)
9. (a)
(b) 5 solutions
10. (a) and (b)
π 3π π 3π 5π 7π
(c) (i) x  , x (ii) x or x .
4 4 8 8 8 8
11. (a) and (b)
(c) x  0. 5 , x  1. 5 , x  2.5 , x  3.5

(d) 8 solutions
4
12. 10 cm depth implies y = – 6
13. Let   arcsin x

cos(2 )  0.68  1  2sin 2   0.68 
1  2 x 2  0.68  x 2  0.16 
x  0.4
14. Let A  arctan x , B  arctan 2 x

Take tan on both sides: tan( A  B)  2
x  2x
 2  3x  2  2 2 x 2  2 2 x 2  3x  2  0
1  2x2
  9  16  25
3  5 8 2 2 1 2
x x    2 or x   
4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 4
But x cannot be negative (as LHS would be negative and RHS positive)
2
Hence, x 
4
15. (a)
16. (a) y  arccos(1.2  cos x) , y  arcsin(1.4  sin x)
5
B. Exam style questions (LONG)
17. (a)
(b) Using the identity tan(   )
x
  arctan
x 2
2
(c) by GDC: graph max at x  1.41 (in fact x  2 ) and   0.340 radians
2 1 x
(d) Solve arctan  arctan  15 OR 2  tan15
x x x 2
x  0.649 m or x  3.08 m
18. (a)
6
(c)
19.
7
20. The graph is
y
1
x0 x1
O x
–2 –  2
–1
(a) period T = 2.
1
C(x) = cos x + cos 2x
2
1 1
C(x + 2) = cos(x + 2) + cos(2x + 4) = cos x + cos2x = C(x)
2 2
Therefore, C(x) is periodic with period 2.
(b) C(x) is a maximum for x = –2, 0, 2
(c) x0 = 1.2 (using a graphic display calculator)
1 1
(d) (i) C(–x) = cos(–x) + cos (–2x) = cos x + cos2x = C(x) for all x
2 2
(ii) x1 = 2 – x0
8
21. (a) R cos( x   ) = R cos cosx + R sin sinx ≡ cosx + 3 sinx
R cos = 1,
R sin = 3
π
R = 2,  =
3
 π
(b) Since f(x) = 2cos  x –  , the period is 2π
 3
(c) Range is [-2, 2]
π 
2
(d) f(x) = 2  cos  x –
=
3 2
π π π
x– =   x=
3 4 12
22. (a) cos(A + B) = cos AcosB – sin AsinB,

cos(A – B) = cos AcosB + sin AsinB
Hence cos(A + B) + cos(A – B) = 2cos AcosB
(b) (i) T1(x) = cos(arccosx) = x
(ii) T2(x) = cos(2arccosx) = 2 cos (arccosx) – 1 = 2x2 – 1

(c) (i) Tn+1(x) + Tn–1(x) = cos[(n + 1)arccosx] + cos[(n – 1)arccosx]
Using part (a) with A = narccosx, B = arccosx
Tn+1(x) + Tn–1(x) = 2cos(narccosx)cos(arccosx)
= 2xcos(arccosx)
= 2xTn(x)
+
(ii) Let Pn be the statement: Tn(x) is a polynomial of degree, n 
T1(x) = x, a polynomial of degree one. So P1 is true.
T2(x) = 2x2 – 1, is a polynomial of degree two. So P2 is true.
Assume that Pk is true.: Tk(x) has degree k

Assume Pk–1 is true as well: Tk-1(x) has degree (k – 1)
From part (c)(i), Tk+1(x) = 2xTk(x) – Tk–1 (x)

2xTk (x) has degree (k + 1)
 Tk+1(x) has degree (k + 1)
By the principle of mathematical induction, Pn is true for all positive integers n.
Notes: a maximum of 6 marks in part (ii) for not considering a two-stage process.

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[MAA 3.

(b) Domain : x  kπ , k  ℤ (ι.ε. all real numbers except all multiples of π )

10. (a) and (b)

(c) x  0. 5 , x  1. 5 , x  2.5 , x  3.5

13. Let   arcsin x

14. Let A  arctan x , B  arctan 2 x

16. (a) y  arccos(1.2  cos x) , y  arcsin(1.4  sin x)

(b) Using the identity tan(   )

22. (a) cos(A + B) = cos AcosB – sin AsinB,

(ii) T2(x) = cos(2arccosx) = 2 cos (arccosx) – 1 = 2x2 – 1

Assume that Pk is true.: Tk(x) has degree k

From part (c)(i), Tk+1(x) = 2xTk(x) – Tk–1 (x)

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