OVM Class Reference

Version 1.0.1 February 2008

 2008 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (Cadence). All rights reserved. Cadence Design Systems, Inc., 2655 Seely Ave., San Jose, CA 95134, USA. 2008 Mentor Graphics, Inc. (Mentor). All rights reserved. Mentor Graphics, Inc., 8005 SW Boeckman Rd., Wilsonville, OR 97070, USA This product is licensed under the Apache Software Foundations Apache License, Version 2.0, January 2004. The full license is available at: http://www.apache.org/licenses/ Trademarks: Trademarks and service marks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. and Mentor Graphics, Inc. contained in this document are attributed to Cadence and Mentor with the appropriate symbol. For queries regarding Cadences or Mentors trademarks, contact the corporate legal department at the address shown above. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. Restricted Permission: This publication is protected by copyright law. Cadence and Mentor grant permission to print hard copy of this publication subject to the following conditions: 1. The publication may not be modied in any way. 2. Any authorized copy of the publication or portion thereof must include all original copyright, trademark, and other proprietary notices and this permission statement. Disclaimer: Information in this publication is provided as is and subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Cadence or Mentor. Cadence and Mentor do not make, and expressly disclaim, any representations or warranties as to the completeness, accuracy, or usefulness of the information contained in this document. Cadence and Mentor do not warrant that use of such information will not infringe any third party rights, nor does Cadence or Mentor assume any liability for damages or costs of any kind that may result from use of such information. Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR52.227-14 and DFAR252.227-7013 et seq. or its successor.

Contents
OVM Class Denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Class Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ovm_void . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ovm_object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ovm_transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Component Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ovm_component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ovm_threaded_component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 ovm_env . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 ovm_phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 ovm_report_object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 ovm_reporter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 ovm_report_handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 ovm_report_server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 ovm_object_wrapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 ovm_component_registry #(type T, string Tname) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 ovm_object_registry #(type T, string Tname) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 ovm_factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 ovm_event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 ovm_event_pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 ovm_event_callback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 ovm_barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 ovm_barrier_pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 ovm_comparer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 ovm_packer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 ovm_recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 ovm_printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Policy Knobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_printer_knobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printer Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TLM Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tlm_if_base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classes for Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uni-Directional interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bi-Directional Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ports and Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_uni-if_export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_bi-if_export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_uni-if_port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_bi-if_port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_uni-if_imp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_bi-if_imp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_port_base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Built-In TLM Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tlm_analysis_fo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tlm_fo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tlm_req_rsp_channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tlm_transport_channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_random_stimulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_sequencer_base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_scoreboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_virtual_sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_subscriber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_req_rsp_driver#(REQ, RSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_in_order_built_in_comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_in_order_class_comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

138 138 143 145 146 149 151 152 153 153 155 157 159 161 163 165 168 169 171 175 178 180 181 183 185 187 189 193 198 200 202 205 207 209 210 211

ovm_algorithmic_comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_in_order_comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_sequence_item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_req_rsp_sequence#(REQ, RSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_random_sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_exhaustive_sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_simple_sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sequence Interface Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_seq_item_prod_if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_seq_item_cons_if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_seq_prod_if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_seq_cons_if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Layered Stimulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_scenario_controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_scenario_driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OVM Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utility Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fields Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Factory Registration Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Array Printing Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sequence Action Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_built_in_clone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_built_in_comp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_built_in_converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_built_in_pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_class_clone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_class_comp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_class_converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ovm_class_pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

212 215 218 218 222 230 232 234 236 238 238 241 243 245 249 250 255 257 259 259 261 264 265 267 271 271 272 273 274 276 277 278 279

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
3

OVM Class Definitions

The OVM Reference documents all public classes in the OVM library. The classes are organized into related groups and a logical hierarchy. Each class includes a description and how it is used. Table 1-1 on page 5 is an alphabetized list of all of the classes. To use the Class Index, look up a class name to nd the page that has the description. You can also browse the groups to understand how the classes work together.

Class Index
Table 1-1 Class Index ovm_agent on page 185 ovm_algorithmic_comparator on page 212 ovm_barrier on page 108 ovm_barrier_pool on page 111 ovm_bi-if_export on page 155 ovm_bi-if_imp on page 163 ovm_bi-if_port on page 159 ovm_built_in_clone on page 271 ovm_built_in_comp on page 272 ovm_built_in_converter on page 273 ovm_built_in_pair on page 274 ovm_class_clone on page 276 ovm_class_comp on page 277 ovm_class_converter on page 278 ovm_class_pair on page 279 ovm_comparer on page 114
5

ovm_component on page 30 ovm_component_registry #(type T, string Tname) on page 90 ovm_default_line_printer on page 131 ovm_default_printer on page 131 ovm_default_table_printer on page 131 ovm_default_tree_printer on page 131 ovm_driver on page 187 ovm_env on page 58 ovm_event on page 98 ovm_event_callback on page 106 ovm_event_pool on page 103 ovm_exhaustive_sequence on page 234 ovm_factory on page 94 ovm_hier_printer_knobs on page 142 ovm_in_order_built_in_comparator on page 210 ovm_in_order_class_comparator on page 211 ovm_in_order_comparator on page 215 ovm_monitor on page 198 ovm_object on page 11 ovm_object_registry #(type T, string Tname) on page 92 ovm_object_wrapper on page 88 ovm_packer on page 119 ovm_phase on page 61 ovm_port_base on page 165 ovm_printer on page 128 ovm_printer_knobs on page 138 ovm_random_sequence on page 232 ovm_random_stimulus on page 181 ovm_recorder on page 125
6

ovm_report_handler on page 77 ovm_report_object on page 68 ovm_report_server on page 83 ovm_reporter on page 76 ovm_req_rsp_driver#(REQ, RSP) on page 207 ovm_req_rsp_sequence#(REQ, RSP) on page 230 ovm_scenario on page 250 ovm_scenario_controller on page 255 ovm_scenario_driver on page 257 ovm_scoreboard on page 200 ovm_seq_cons_if on page 245 ovm_seq_item_cons_if on page 241 ovm_seq_item_prod_if on page 238 ovm_seq_prod_if on page 243 ovm_sequence on page 222 ovm_sequence_item on page 218 ovm_sequencer on page 193 ovm_sequencer_base on page 189 ovm_simple_sequence on page 236 ovm_subscriber on page 205 ovm_table_printer_knobs on page 142 ovm_test on page 183 ovm_threaded_component on page 54 ovm_transaction on page 23 ovm_tree_printer_knobs on page 143 ovm_uni-if_export on page 153 ovm_uni-if_imp on page 161 ovm_uni-if_port on page 157 ovm_virtual_sequencer on page 202
7

ovm_void on page 10 tlm_analysis_fo on page 169 tlm_fo on page 171 tlm_if_base on page 146 tlm_req_rsp_channel on page 175 tlm_transport_channel on page 178 Macros `ovm_component_registry(TYPE, STR) on page 265 `ovm_object_registry(TYPE, STR) on page 265 `ovm_component_utils on page 260 `ovm_component_utils_begin and `ovm_component_utils_end on page 260 `ovm_create on page 268 `ovm_create_seq on page 270 `ovm_do on page 268 `ovm_do_seq on page 269 `ovm_do_seq_with on page 270 `ovm_do_with on page 268 `ovm_eld_aa_int_<key_type> on page 264 `ovm_eld_aa_int_string on page 263 `ovm_eld_aa_object_int on page 264 `ovm_eld_aa_object_string on page 264 `ovm_eld_aa_string_int on page 264 `ovm_eld_aa_string_string on page 264 `ovm_eld_array_int on page 263 `ovm_eld_array_object on page 263 `ovm_eld_array_string on page 263 `ovm_eld_enum on page 262 `ovm_eld_int on page 262 `ovm_eld_object on page 262
8

`ovm_eld_queue_int on page 263 `ovm_eld_queue_object on page 263 `ovm_eld_queue_string on page 263 `ovm_eld_string on page 262 `ovm_eld_utils_begin and `ovm_eld_utils_end on page 260 `ovm_object_utils on page 260 `ovm_object_utils_begin and `ovm_object_utils_end on page 260 `ovm_rand_send on page 269 `ovm_rand_send_with on page 269 `ovm_send on page 269 `print_aa_int_key4 on page 265 `print_aa_int_object2 on page 265 `print_aa_string_int3 on page 266 `print_aa_string_object2 on page 266 `print_aa_string_string2 on page 266 `print_object_qda3 on page 266 `print_qda_int4 on page 267 `print_string_qda3 on page 267

Base
ovm_void
ovm_void

The ovm_void class is the base class for all OVM classes. The ovm_void class is an abstract class with no data members or functions. It allows for generic containers of objects to be created, similar to a void pointer in the C programming language. User classes derived directly from ovm_void inherit none of the OVM functionality, but such classes may be placed in containers with ovm type objects. Summary
virtual class ovm_void; endclass

File base/ovm_misc.svh Virtual Yes Members None Methods None

10

ovm_object
ovm_void

ovm_object

The ovm_object class is the base class for all OVM data and hierarchical classes. Its primary role is to dene a set of methods for such common operations as create, copy, compare, print, and record. Classes deriving from ovm_object must implement the pure virtual such as create and get_type_name. Additionally, it is strongly recommended that derived classes override the virtual methods prexed with do_. The ovm_object class provides data access methods and control bits.It contains only a name variable whose default value is an empty string. Summary
virtual class ovm_object extends ovm_void; function new (string name=""); static bit use_ovm_seeding = 1; pure virtual function ovm_object create (string name=""); pure virtual function string get_type_name (); function void copy (ovm_object rhs); function bit compare (ovm_object rhs, ovm_comparer comparer=null); function void record (ovm_recorder recorder=null); function int pack (ref bit bitstream[], input ovm_packer packer=null); function int unpack (ref bit bitstream[], input ovm_packer packer=null); function int pack_bytes (ref byte bitstream[], input ovm_packer packer=null); function int unpack_bytes (ref byte bitstream[],input ovm_packerpacker=null); function int pack_inits (ref int intstream[], input ovm_packer packer=null); function int unpack_ints (ref int intstream[],input ovm_packer packer=null); function void print (ovm_printer printer=null); function string sprint (ovm_printer printer=null); function string get_name (); function void reseed ();
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virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual

function function function function function function function

ovm_object clone (); void do_print (ovm_printer printer); void do_record (ovm_recorder recorder); void do_copy (ovm_object rhs); bit do_compare (ovm_object rhs, ovm_comparer comparer); void do_pack (ovm_packer packer); void do_unpack (ovm_packer packer);

virtual function void set_name (string name); virtual function string get_full_name (); virtual function void set_int_local (string field_name, ovm_bitstream_t value); virtual function void set_object_local (string field_name, ovm_object value, bit clone=1); virtual function void set_string_local (string field_name, string value); endclass

File base/ovm_object.svh Virtual Yes Members

static bit use_ovm_seeding = 1;

This bit enables or disables the OVM seeding mechanism. It globally affects the operation of the reseed method. When enabled, OVM-based objects are seeded based on their type and full hierarchical name rather than allocation order. This improves random stability for objects whose instance names are unique across each type. The ovm_component class is an example of a type that has a unique instance name. Note: This is the only OVM library type which is automatically seeded using OVM seeding during construction. All other objects must be manually re-seeded, if appropriate.

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Methods new
function new (string name="")

The name is the instance name of the object. If not supplied, the object is unnamed. clone
virtual function ovm_object clone ()

The clone method creates and returns an exact copy of this object. The default implementation calls create() followed by copy(). As clone is virtual, derived classes may override this implementation if desired. compare
function bit compare (ovm_object rhs, ovm_comparer comparer=null)

The compare method deep compares this data object with the object provided in the rhs (right-hand side) argument.. The compare method is not virtual and should not be overloaded in derived classes. To compare the elds of a derived class, that class should override the do_compare method. See do_compare on page 14 for more details. The optional comparer argument species the comparison policy. It allows you to control some aspects of the comparison operation. It also stores the results of the comparison, such as eld-by-eld miscompare information and the total number of miscompares. If a compare policy is not provided, the global default_comparer policy is used. See ovm_comparer on page 114 for more information. copy
function ovm_object copy (ovm_object rhs)

The copy method returns a deep copy of this object. The copy method is not virtual and should not be overloaded in derived classes. To copy the elds of a derived class, that class should override the do_copy method. See do_copy on page 15 for more details.

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create
pure virtual function ovm_object create (string name="")

The create method allocates a new object of the same type as this object and returns it via a base ovm_object handle. Every class deriving from ovm_object, directly or indirectly, must implement the create method. A typical implementation is as follows:
class mytype extends ovm_object; ... virtual function ovm_object create(string name=""); mytype t = new(name); return t; endfunction

do_compare
virtual function void do_compare (ovm_object rhs, ovm_comparer comparer)

The do_compare method is user-denable hook called by the compare method on page 13. A derived class should override this method to include its elds in a compare operation. A typical implementation is as follows:
class mytype extends ovm_object; ... int f1; virtual function void do_compare (ovm_object rhs, ovm_comparer comparer); mytype rhs_; super.do_compare(rhs,comparer); $cast(rhs_,rhs); comparer.compare_field_int(f1", f1, rhs_.f1); endfunction

A derived class implementation must call super.do_compare to ensure its base class properties, if any, are included in the comparison. Also, the rhs argument is provided as a generic ovm_object. Thus, you must $cast it to the type of this object before comparing. The actual comparison should be implemented using the ovm_comparer object rather than direct eld-by-eld comparison. This enables users of your class to customize how comparisons are performed and how much miscompare information is collected. See ovm_comparer on page 114 for more details.

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do_copy
virtual function void do_copy (ovm_object rhs)

The do_copy method is the user-denable hook called by the copy method on page 13. A derived class should override this method to include its elds in a copy operation. A typical implementation is as follows:
class mytype extends ovm_object; ... int f1; function void do_copy (ovm_object rhs); mytype rhs_; super.do_copy(rhs); $cast(rhs_,rhs); field_1 = rhs_.field_1; endfunction

The implementation must call super.do_copy, and it must $cast the rhs argument to the derived type before copying. do_pack
virtual function void do_pack (ovm_packer packer)

The do_pack method is the user-denable hook called by the pack method on page 18. A derived class should override this method to include its elds in a pack operation. The packer argument is the policy object for packing. The policy object should be used to pack objects. A typical example of an object packing itself is as follows:
class mysubtype extends mysupertype; ... shortint myshort; obj_type myobj; byte myarray[]; ... function void do_pack (ovm_packer packer); super.do_pack(packer); // pack mysupertype properties packer.pack_field_int(myarray.size(), 32); foreach (myarray) packer.pack_field_int(myarray[index], 8); packer.pack_field_int(myshort, $bits(myshort)); packer.pack_object(myobj);

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endfunction

The implementation must call super.do_pack so that base class properties are packed as well. For dynamic array properties (queues, dynamic arrays, and associative arrays) , you must pack the number of elements in the 32 bits immediately before packing individual elements. This is needed to facilitate reconstruction of the object during an unpack operation. Packing order does not need to match declaration order. However, unpacking order must match packing order. do_print
virtual function void do_print (ovm_printer printer)

The do_print method is the user-denable hook called by the print method on page 19. A derived class should override this method to include its elds in a print operation. The printer argument is the policy object that governs the format and content of the output. A do_print method implementation should not call $display directly. It should merely call the appropriate printer methods for each of its elds. See ovm_printer on page 128 for more information. A typical implementation is as follows:
class mytype extends ovm_object; data_obj data; int f1; function void do_print (ovm_printer printer); super.do_print(printer); printer.print_field_int("f1", f1, $bits(f1), DEC); printer.print_object("data", data); endfunction

do_record
virtual function void do_record (ovm_recorder recorder)

The do_record method is the user-denable hook called by the record method on page 19. A derived class should override this method to include its elds in a record operation. The recorder argument is policy object for recording this object. A do_record implementation should call the appropriate recorder methods for each of its elds.
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Vendor-specic recording implementations are encapsulated in the recorder policy, thereby insulating user-code from vendor-specic behavior. See ovm_recorder on page 125 for information. A typical implementation is as follows:
class mytype extends ovm_object; data_obj data; int f1; function void do_record (ovm_recorder recorder); recorder.record_field_int("f1", f1, $bits(f1), DEC); recorder.record_object("data", data); endfunction

do_unpack
virtual function void do_pack (ovm_packer packer)

The do_unpack method is the user-denable hook called by the unpack method on page 22. A derived class should override this method to include its elds in an unpack operation. The packer argument is the policy object for both packing and unpacking. The do_unpack implementation must use the same packer policy, and it must unpack elds in the same order in which they were packed. See ovm_packer on page 119 for more information. The following implementation corresponds to the example given in do_pack on page 15:
function void do_unpack (ovm_packer packer); int sz; super.do_unpack(packer); // unpack supers properties sz = packer.unpack_field_int(myarray.size(), 32); for(int index=0; index<sz; index++) myarray[index] = packer.unpack_field_int(8); myshort = packer.unpack_field_int($bits(myshort)); packer.unpack_object(myobj); endfunction

For dynamic array properties (queues, dynamic arrays, and associative arrays) , you must pack the number of elements in the 32 bits immediately before packing individual elements. get_name
function string get_name ()
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Returns the name of the object, as provided by the name argument in the new function, or as set by way of the set_name method. get_full_name
virtual function string get_full_name ()

Returns the full hierarchical name of this object. The default implementation contatenates the hierarchical name of the parent, if any, with the short name of this object, as given by get_name. It may be desirable to override the default implementation. For example, some data elements have an anchor in the OVM hierarchy, and for these types of elements it is useful to provide the hierarchical context as part of the name. An example of this is the ovm_sequence type. get_type_name
pure virtual function string get_type_name()

This function returns the type name of the object, which is typically the type identier enclosed in quotes. It is used for various debugging functions in the library and it is used by the factory for creating objects. This function must be dened in every derived class. A typical implementation is as follows:
class mytype extends ovm_object; ... virtual function string get_type_name(); return "mytype"; endfunction

pack pack_bytes pack_inits

function int pack (ref bit bitstream[], ovm_packer packer=null) function int pack_bytes (ref byte bytestream[], ovm_packer packer=null)

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function int pack_ints (ref byte intstream[], ovm_packer packer=null)

The pack methods bitwise-concatenate this objects properties into an array of bits, bytes, or ints. The methods are not virtual and must not be overloaded. To include additional elds in the pack operation, derived classes should override the do_pack method on page 15. The optional packer argument species the packing policy, which governs the packing operation. If a packer policy is not provided, the global default_packer policy is used. See ovm_packer on page 119 for more information. The return value is the number of bits, bytes, or ints placed into the supplied array. The contents of the array are overwritten. Thus, the total size of the array after the operation is its initial size plus the return value. print
function void print (ovm_printer printer=null)

The print method deep-prints this objects properties according to an optional printer policy. The method is not virtual and must not be overloaded. To include additional elds in the print operation, derived classes should override the do_print method on page 16. The optional printer argument species the printer policy, which governs the format and content of the output. If a printer policy is not provided explicitly, the global default_printer policy is used. See ovm_printer on page 128 for more information. Note: The OVM library provides four pre-dened printers: ovm_printer, ovm_line_printer, ovm_tree_printer, ovm_table_printer. The default printer is the table printer. record
function void record (ovm_recorder recorder=null)

The record method deep-records this objects properties according to an optional recorder policy. The method is not virtual and must not be overloaded. To include additional elds in the record operation, derived classes should override the do_record method on page 16. The optional recorder argument species the recording policy, which governs how recording takes place. If a recorder policy is not provided explicitly, the global default_recorder policy is used. See ovm_recorder on page 125 for information.

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Note: A simulators recording recording mechanism is vendor-specic. By providing access via a common interface, the ovm_recorder policy provides vendor-independent acess to a simulators recording capabilities. reseed
function void reseed ()

Calls srandom on the object to reseed the object using the OVM seeding mechanism to set the seed based on type name and instance name instead of based on instance position in a thread. If the use_ovm_seeding static variable is set to 0, then reseed() does not perform any function. set_int_local set_string_local set_object_local
virtual function void set_int_local (string field_name, ovm_bitstream_t value) virtual function void set_string_local (string field_name, string value) virtual function void set_object_local (string field_name, ovm_object value, bit clone=1)

These methods provide write access to integral, string, and ovm_object-based properties indexed by a field_name string. The object designer choose which, if any, properties will be accessible, and overrides the appropriate methods depending on the properties types. For objects, the optional clone argument species whether to clone the value argument before assignment. An example implementation of all three methods is as follows. The global ovm_is_match function is used so that the eld_name may contain wildcards.
class mytype extends ovm_object; local local local local local int myint; byte mybyte; shortint myshort; // no access string mystring; obj_type myobj;

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// provide access to integral properties function void set_int_local(string field_name, ovm_bitstream_t value); if (ovm_is_match (field_name, "myint")) myint = value; else if (ovm_is_match (field_name, "mybyte")) mybyte = value; endfunction // provide access to string properties function void set_string_local(string field_name, string value); if (ovm_is_match (field_name, "mystring")) mystring = value; endfunction // provide access to sub-objects function void set_object_local(string field_name, ovm_object value, bit clone=1); if (ovm_is_match (field_name, "myobj")) begin if (value != null) begin obj_type tmp; // if provided value is not correct type, produce error if (!$cast(tmp, value) /* error */ else myobj = clone ? tmp.clone() : tmp; end else myobj = null; // value is null, so simply assign null to myobj end endfunction ...

Note: Although the object designer implements these methods to provide outside access to one or more properties, they are intended for internal use (e.g. for command-line debugging and auto-conguration) and should not be called directly by the user. set_name
function void set_name (string name)

Sets the instance name of this object; overwriting any previously given name.

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sprint
function string sprint (ovm_printer printer=null)

The sprint method deep-prints this objects properties just like the print method on page 19, except the output is to the return string. The method is not virtual and must not be overloaded. To include additional elds in the print operation, derived classes should override the do_print method on page 16. The optional printer argument species the printer policy, which governs the format and content of the output. If a printer policy is not provided explicitly, the global default_printer policy is used. See ovm_printer on page 128 for details. Note: The OVM library provides four pre-dened printers: ovm_printer, ovm_line_printer, ovm_tree_printer, ovm_table_printer. The default printer is the table printer. unpack unpack_bytes unpack_ints
function int unpack (ref bit bitstream[], ovm_packer packer=null) function int unpack_bytes (ref byte bytestream[],ovm_packer packer=null) function int unpack_ints (ref byte intstream[], ovm_packer packer=null)

The unpack methods extract property values from an array of bits, bytes, or ints. The method of unpacking must exactly correspond to the method of packing. This is assured if (a) the same packer policy is used to pack and unpack, and (b) the order of unpacking is the same as the order of packing used to create the input array. The unpack methods are xed (non-virtual) entry points that are called directly by the user. To include additional elds in the unpack operation, derived classes should override the do_unpack method on page 17. The optional packer argument species the packing policy, which governs both the pack and unpack operation. If a packer policy is not provided, the global default_packer policy is used. See ovm_packer on page 119 for more information. The return value is the number of bits, bytes, or ints extracted from the supplied array.

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ovm_transaction
ovm_void

ovm_object

ovm_transaction

The ovm_transaction class is the root base class for OVM transactions. Inheriting all the methods of ovm_object, ovm_transaction adds a timing and recording interface for tracking transaction duration. Summary
virtual class ovm_transaction extends ovm_object; function new (string name=""); virtual function string convert2string(); function void set_initiator (ovm_component initiator); function ovm_component get_initiator (); // Transaction recording interface function void accept_tr (time accept_time=0); function integer begin_tr (time begin_time=0); function integer begin_child_tr (time begin_time=0, integer parent_handle=0); function void end_tr (time end_time=0, bit free_handle=1); function function function function function integer get_tr_handle (); void disable_recording (); void enable_recording (string stream); bit is_recording_enabled(); bit is_active ();

// Methods to add action during transaction recording virtual protected function void do_accept_tr ();

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virtual protected function void do_begin_tr (); virtual protected function void do_end_tr (); // Access methods function ovm_event_pool get_event_pool (); function time get_begin_time (); function time get_end_time (); function time get_accept_time (); endclass

File base/ovm_transaction.svh Virtual Yes Members None Methods new

function new (string name="")

Creates a new transaction object. The name is the instance name of the transaction. If not supplied, the object is unnamed. accept_tr
function void accept_tr (time accept_time=0)

Calling accept_tr indicates that the transaction has been accepted for processing by a consumer component, such as an ovm_driver. With some protocols, the transaction may not be started immediately after it is accepted. For example, a bus driver may have to wait for a bus grant before starting the transaction. This function performs the following actions:
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The transactions internal accept time is set to the current simulation time, or to accept_time if provided and non-zero. The accept_time may be any time, past or future. The transactions internal accept event is triggered. Any processes waiting on the this event will resume in the next delta cycle. The do_accept_tr method on page 26 is called to allow for any post-accept action in derived classes.

begin_child_tr
function integer begin_child_tr (time begin_time=0, integer parent_handle)

This function indicates that the transaction has been started as a child of a parent transaction given by parent_handle. Generally, a consumer component begins execution of the transactions it receives. The parent handle is obtained by a previous call to begin_tr or begin_child_tr. If the parent_handle is invalid (=0) this function behaves the same as begin_tr. This function performs the following actions:

The transactions internal start time is set to the current simulation time, or to begin_time if provided and non-zero. The begin_time may be any time, past or future, but should not be less than the accept time. If recording is enabled, a new database-transaction is started with the same begin time as above. The record method inherited from ovm_object is then called, which records the current property values to this new transaction. Finally, the newly started transaction is linked to the parent transaction given by parent_handle. The do_begin_tr method on page 26 is called to allow for any post-begin action in derived classes. The transactions internal begin event is triggered. Any processes waiting on this event will resume in the next delta cycle.

The return value is a transaction handle, which is valid (non-zero) only if recording is enabled. The meaning of the handle is implementation specic. begin_tr
function integer begin_tr (time begin_time=0)

This function indicates that the transaction has been started and is not the child of another transaction. Generally, a consumer component begins execution of the transactions it receives.
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This function performs the following actions:

The transactions internal start time is set to the current simulation time, or to begin_time if provided and non-zero. The begin_time may be any time, past or future, but should not be less than the accept time. If recording is enabled, a new database-transaction is started with the same begin time as above. The record method inherited from ovm_object is then called, which records the current property values to this new transaction. The do_begin_tr method on page 26 is called to allow for any post-begin action in derived classes. The transactions internal begin event is triggered. Any processes waiting on this event will resume in the next delta cycle.

The return value is a transaction handle, which is valid (non-zero) only if recording is enabled. The meaning of the handle is implementation specic. disable_recording
function void disable_recording ()

Turns off recording for the transaction. do_accept_tr

function void do_accept_tr ()

This user-denable callback is called by accept_tr just before the accept event is triggered. Implementations should call super.do_accept_tr to ensure correct operation. do_begin_tr
function void do_begin_tr ()

This user-denable callback is called by begin_tr and begin_child_tr just before the begin event is triggered. Implementations should call super.do_begin_tr to ensure correct operation. do_end_tr
function void do_end_tr ()

This user-denable callback is called by end_tr just before the end event is triggered. Implementations should call super.do_end_tr to ensure correct operation.
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convert2string
virtual function string convert2string ()

This function converts a transaction to a string. The default implementation calls ovm_object::sprint using the default printer. This method can be overloaded in derived classes to provide an alternate string representation of the transaction object. enable_recording
function void enable_recording (string stream)

Turns on recording to the stream specied by stream, whose interpretation is implementation specic. If transaction recording is on, a call to record is made when the transaction is started and when it is ended. end_tr
function void end_tr (time end_time=0. bit free_handle=1)

This function indicates that the transaction execution has ended. Generally, a consumer component ends execution of the transactions it receives. This function performs the following actions:

The transactions internal end time is set to the current simulation time, or to end_time if provided and non-zero. The end_time may be any time, past or future, but should not be less than the begin time. If recording is enabled and a database-transaction is currently active, the record method inherited from ovm_object is called, which records the nal property values. The transaction is then ended. If free_handle is set, the transaction is released and can no longer be linked to (if supported by the implementation). The do_end_tr method on page 26 is called to allow for any post-end action in derived classes. The transactions internal end event is triggered. Any processes waiting on this event will resume in the next delta cycle.

get_accept_time
function time get_accept_time ()

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Returns the accept time for this transaction, as set by a previous call to accept_tr. get_begin_time
function time get_begin_time ()

Returns the begin time for this transaction, as set by a previous call to begin_child_tr or begin_tr. get_end_time
function time get_end_time ()

Returns the end time for this transaction, as set by a previous call to end_tr. get_event_pool
function ovm_event_pool get_event_pool ()

Returns the event pool associated with this transaction. By default, the event pool contains the events: begin, accept, and end. Events can also be added by derivative objects. See ovm_event_pool on page 103 for more information. get_initiator
function ovm_component get_initiator ()

Returns the component that produced or started the transaction, as set by a previous call to set_initiator. get_tr_handle
function integer get_tr_handle ()

Returns the handle associated with the transaction, as set by a previous call to begin_child_tr or begin_tr with transaction recording enabled. is_active
function bit is_active ()

Returns 1 if the transaction has been started but has not yet been ended. Returns 0 if the transaction has not been started.

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is_recording_enabled
function bit is_recording_enabled ()

Returns 1 if recording is currently on. Returns 0 if recording is currently off. set_initiator

function void set_initiator (ovm_component initiator)

Sets initiator as the initiator of this transaction. The initiator can be the component that produces the transaction. It can also be the component that started the transaction. This or any other usage is up to the transaction designer.

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Component Hierarchy
ovm_component
ovm_void

ovm_object

ovm_report_object

ovm_component

The ovm_component class is the root base class for OVM components. In addition to the features inherited from ovm_object and ovm_report_object, ovm_component provides the following interfaces:
s s

Hierarchy provides methods for searching and traversing the component hierarchy. Configuration provides methods for conguring component topology and other parameters ahead of and during component construction. Phasing denes a phased test ow that all components follow. Methods include the phase callbacks, such as post_new and report, which derived classes override. During simulation, these callbacks are executed in precise order. Factory provides a convenience interface to the ovm_factory on page 94. The factory is used to create new components and other objects based on type-wide and instance-specic conguration. Reporting provides a convenience interface to the ovm_report_handler on page 77. All messages, warnings, and errors are processed through this interface. Transaction recording provides methods for recording the transactions produced or consumed by the component to a transaction database (vendor specic).

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Summary
virtual class ovm_component extends ovm_report_object; function new (string name, ovm_component parent); // Hierarchy information and setting static function ovm_component find_component (string comp_match); static function void find_components (string comp_match, ref ovm_component comps[$]); static function ovm_component get_component (int ele); static function int get_num_components (); function ovm_component absolute_lookup(string name ); function ovm_component relative_lookup(string name ); virtual function ovm_component get_parent (); function int get_num_children (); function ovm_component get_child (int index); bit print_enabled = 1; // Configuration interface virtual function void set_config_int (string inst_name, string field_name, ovm_bitstream_t value); virtual function void set_config_object (string inst_name, string field_name, ovm_object value, bit clone=1); virtual function void set_config_string (string inst_name, string field_name, string value); virtual function bit get_config_int (string field_name, inout ovm_bitstream_t value); virtual function bit get_config_object (string field_name, inout ovm_object value); virtual function bit get_config_string (string field_name, inout string value); virtual function void apply_config_settings (bit verbose=0); function void print_config_settings (string field="", ovm_component comp=null, bit recurse=0); static bit print_config_matches = 0;

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// Phasing interface virtual function void virtual function void virtual function void virtual function void

post_new (); extract (); check (); report ();

virtual function void build (); static function void set_global_timeout (time timeout); static function string get_current_global_phase (); function string get_current _phase (); task do_phase (string ph_name, bit block=1, bit no_error=0); protected function void push_back_phase (ovm_phase phase); protected function void insert_phase (string exist_ph_name, ovm_phase phase); static function void resolve_all_bindings(); static task global_stop_request (); task stop_request (stop_enum who=STOP_ALL); static function void set_global_stop_timeout (time timeout); virtual task stop (string ph_name); protected int enable_stop_interrupt = 0; // Factory interface function void print_override_info (string type_name, string inst_name=""); function ovm_component create_component (string type_name, string inst_name); function ovm_object create_object (string type_name, string name=""); static function void set_type_override (string override_type, string type_name, bit replace=1); function void set_inst_override (string inst_path, string override_type, string type_name); // Reporting interface function void set_report_severity_action_hier (ovm_severity s, ovm_action a);
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function void set_report_id_action_hier (string id, ovm_action a); function void set_report_severity_id_file_hier (ovm_severity s, string id, ovm_action a); function void set_report_severity_file_hier (ovm_severity s, FILE f); function void set_report_default_file_hier (FILE f); function void set_report_id_file_hier (string id, FILE f); function void set_report_severity_id_file_hier (ovm_severity s, string id, FILE f); function void set_report_verbosity_level_hier(int v); // Transaction interface function void accept_tr function integer

function integer

function void

function integer

function integer

(ovm_transaction tr, time accept_time=0); begin_tr (ovm_transaction tr, string stream_name="main", string label="", string desc="", time begin_time=0); begin_child_tr (ovm_transaction tr, integer parent_handle=0, string stream_name="main", string label="", string desc="", time begin_time=0); do_accept_tr (ovm_transaction tr, time end_time=0, bit free_handle=1); record_error_tr (string stream_name="main", ovm_object info=null, string label="error_tr", string desc="", time error_time=0, bit keep_active=0); record_event_tr (string stream_name="main", ovm_object info=null, string label="event_tr",
33

string desc="", time event_time=0, bit keep_active=0); virtual protected function void do_accept_tr virtual protected function void do_begin_tr (ovm_transaction tr); (ovm_transaction tr, string stream_name, integer tr_handle); (ovm_transaction tr, integer tr_handle);

virtual protected function void do_end_tr

endclass

File base/ovm_component.svh Virtual Yes Members

bit print_enabled = 1

This bit determines if this component should automatically be printed as a child of its parent object. By default, all children are printed. However, this bit allows a parent component to disable the printing of specic children.
static bit print_config_matches = 0

This static bit sets up the printing of conguration matches for debug purposes. When a get_config_* call is used, or when the automatic conguration mechanism nds a match, the match is printed when print_config_matches is 1.
bit enable_stop_interrupt = 0

This bit allows a component to raise an objection to the stopping of the current phase. It affects only time consuming phases (such as the run phase in ovm_threaded_component).
34

When this bit is set, the stop task in the component is called when a global_stop_request is issued. Methods new
function new (string name, ovm_component parent)

All components must specify an instance name and a parent component. The component will be inserted as a child of the parent object. If the parent is null, then the component will be a top level component. All classes derived from ovm_component must call super.new() with appropriate name and parent arguments. absolute_lookup
function ovm_component absolute_lookup (string name)

This function searches for a component in the enclosing environment. If there is no enclosing environment, then absolute_lookup starts its search from the root component. If name is not found in the enclosing topology then a null object is returned, otherwise a handle to name is returned. accept_tr
function void accept_tr (ovm_transaction tr, time accept_time=0)

This function marks the acceptance of a transaction,tr, by this component. Specically, it performs the following actions:

Calls the transactions accept_tr method, passing to it the accept_time argument. See accept_tr on page 24 for details. Calls the components do_accept_tr method on page 39 to allow for any post-begin action in derived classes. Triggers the components internal accept_tr event. Any processes waiting on this event will resume in the next delta cycle.

35

apply_cong_settings
virtual function void apply_config_settings (bit verbose=0)

This is an automation function called by ovm_component::build() that nds all conguration overrides matching this components full instance name. The overrides are applied in reverse order by calling the appropriate set_*_local method (e.g. for an object override, set_object_local is called). By making the calls in reverse order, the same semantics associated with the get_config* calls are achieved. Because apply_config_settings uses the set_*_local methods to apply the conguration settings, these methods must be overloaded for the component. Note: The automation macros (`ovm_field_*) are also in effect when apply_config_settings is called, regardless of whether set_*_local is overloaded. If you do not want apply_config_settings to be called for a component, the build() method should be overloaded and you should not call super.build(). If this is done, you must also set the m_build_done bit. Likewise, apply_config_settings() can be overloaded, and the meaning of the automated conguration can be changed (for instance, replaced with get_config* calls). When the verbose bit is set, all overrides are printed as they are applied. If the static bit print_config_settings is set, then apply_config_settings is automatically called with verbose=1. begin_tr
function integer begin_tr (ovm_transaction tr, string stream_name="main", string label="", string desc="", time begin_time=0)

This function marks the start of a transaction,tr, by this component. Specically, it performs the following actions:

Calls the transactions begin_tr method. The begin_time should be greater than or equal to the accept time. By default, when begin_time=0, the current simulation time is used. See begin_tr on page 25 for details.

36

If recording is enabled (recording_detail != OVM_OFF), a new database-transaction is started on the components transaction stream given by the stream argument. No transaction properties are recorded at this time. Calls the components do_begin_tr method on page 39 to allow for any post-begin action in derived classes. Triggers the components internal begin_tr event. Any processes waiting on this event will resume in the next delta cycle.

A handle to the transaction is returned. The meaning of this handle, as well as the interpretation of the arguments stream_name, label, and desc are vendor specic. begin_child_tr
function integer begin_child_tr (ovm_transaction tr, integer parent=0, string stream_name="main", string label="", string desc="", time begin_time=0)

This function marks the start of a child transaction,tr, by this component. Its operation is identical to that of begin_tr, except that an association is made between this transaction and the provided parent transaction. This association is vendor-specic. build
virtual function void build()

This method is a hook to use for building components. Component hierarchies are created in the build() method instead of in the constructor in order to support a congurable topology creation. The build method must be called explicitly after a component has been constructed. This is not a phase callback because you must control when build is called. For example, for a random topology, build is called after the object is constructed and randomized. If build() is not called explicitly, then it is called implicitly during the post_new() phase. check
virtual function void check()

37

The check phase callback is one of several methods automatically called during the course of simulation. The check phase starts after the extract phase has completed. The following occurs during execution of the check phase:

The global begin_check event is triggered. All components check methods are called recursively in depth-rst, bottom-up order, i.e. children are executed before their parents. The global end_check event is triggered.

Generally, derived classes should override this method to perform component specic, end-of-test checks. Any override should call super.check. This method should never be called directly. See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information on phases. create_component
function ovm_component create_component (string type_name, string inst_name)

This method creates a new child component using the ovm_factory on page 94. Depending on the factory conguration, the type of the component created may be different than the requested type. This happens when the factory determines, based on this components full path, type_name, and inst_name, that a type or instance override exists. See ovm_factory on page 94 for details on factory operation. create_object
function ovm_object create_object (string type_name, string name="")

This method creates a non-component object using the ovm_factory on page 94. Depending on the factory conguration, the type of object created may be different than the requested type. This happens when the factory determines, based on this components full path, type_name, and optional name, that a type or instance override exists. See ovm_factory on page 94 for details on factory operation. do_phase
function void do_phase(string ph_name)

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Executes the phase, ph_name, on this component and its sub-components. If ph_name is not the next phase to be executed, then all previous phases are run to bring the sub-hierachy of components up through the ph_name phase. In general, this function should not be called directly. Use run_test on page 60 and do_test on page 59 to initiate a phased simulation. do_accept_tr
virtual protected function void do_accept_tr (ovm_transaction tr)

The accept_tr method calls this function to accommodate any user-dened post-accept action. Implementations should call super.do_accept_tr to ensure correct operation. do_begin_tr
virtual protected function void do_begin_tr (ovm_transaction tr, string stream_name, integer tr_handle)

The begin_tr and begin_child_tr methods call this function to accommodate any user-dened post-begin action. Implementations should call super.do_begin_tr to ensure correct operation. do_end_tr
virtual protected function void end_tr (ovm_transaction tr, integer tr_handle)

The do_accept_tr method calls this function to accommodate any user-dened post-end action. Implementations should call super.do_begin_tr to ensure correct operation. end_tr
function void end_tr (ovm_transaction tr, time accept_time=0, bit free_handle=1)

This function marks the end of a transaction,tr, by this component. Specically, it performs the following actions:

39

Calls the transactions end_tr method. The end_time must at least be greater than the begin time. By default, when end_time=0, the current simulation time is used. See end_tr on page 27 for details. The transactions properties are recorded to the database-transaction on which it was started, and then the transaction is ended. Only those properties handled by the transactions record method are recorded. Calls the components do_end_tr method on page 39 to accommodate any post-end action in derived classes. Triggers the components internal end_tr event. Any processes waiting on this event will resume in the next delta cycle.

The free_handle bit indicates that this transaction is no longer needed. The implementation of free_handle is vendor specic. extract
virtual function void extract()

The extract phase callback is one of several methods automatically called during the course of simulation. The extract phase starts after the run phase has completed. The following occurs during execution of the extract phase:

The global begin_extract event is triggered. All components extract methods are called recursively in depth-rst, bottom-up order, i.e. children are executed before their parents. The global end_extract event is triggered.

Generally, derived classes should override this method to collect information for the subsequent check phase when such information needs to be collected in a hierarchical, bottom-up manner. Any override should call super.extract. This method should never be called directly. See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information on phases. nd_component
static function ovm_component find_component (string comp_match)

This function searches for a component in the global registry of components.

40

The comp_match argument is a search string that is matched against the full names of the all the component in the testbench hierarchy. It may contain wildcards. If no match is found, a null object is returned, otherwise the handle to rst matching component is returned. nd_components
static function void find_components (string comp_match, ref ovm_component comps[$])

This function searches for components in the global registry of components. The comp_match argument is a search string that is matched against the full names of the all the component in the testbench hierarchy. It may contain wildcards. The comps list is emptied prior to the search. All matching components are added to the list. get_child
function ovm_component get_child (int ele)

Returns the component handle of the child at index ele. Returns null if ele is out of range. Use this function with get_num_children on page 43 to iterate through this components children. get_component
static function ovm_component get_component (int ele)

Returns the handle of the component at index ele in the global component registry. Use this function with get_num_components on page 43 to scan the the global registry of components. No assumptions can be made about which components are at which element number.

41

get_cong_int get_cong_string get_cong_object

virtual function bit get_config_int (string field_name, inout ovm_bitstream_t value) virtual function bit get_config_string (string field_name, inout ovm_bitstream_t value) virtual function bit get_config_object (string field_name, inout ovm_object value)

These methods retrieve conguration settings made by previous calls to set_config_int, set_config_string, and set_config_object. As the methods names imply, there is direct support for integral types, strings, and objects. Settings of other types can be indirectly supported by dening an object to contain them. Conguration settings are stored in a global table and in each component instance. With each call to a get_config_* method, a top-down search is made for a setting that matches this components full name and the given field_name . For example, if this components full instance name is top.u1.u2, the global conguration table is searched rst. If that fails, it searches the conguration table in component top, followed by top.u1. The rst instance/eld match causes value to be written with the value of the conguration setting and the return value is 1. If no match is found, then value is unchanged and the return value is 0. Calling the get_config_object method requires special handling. Because value is an output of type ovm_object, you must provide an ovm_object handle to assign to (not a derived class handle). After the call, you can then $cast to the actual type. For example, the following code illustrates how a component designer might call upon the conguration mechanism to assign its data object property. Note that we are overriding the apply_cong_settings.
class mycomponent extends ovm_component; local myobj_t data; function void apply_config_settings(); ovm_object tmp; if(get_config_object("data", tmp)) if (!$cast(data, tmp)) $display("error! config setting for data not of type myobj_t"); endfunction ...

42

The above example overrides the apply_config_settings method, which automatically congures this components properties via the set_*_local methods, if implemented. See set_object_local method on page 20 and apply_config_settings method on page 36 for details on the automatic conguration mechanism. See Global set_cong Functions on page 52 for information on setting the global conguration table. get_current _phase
function string get_current_phase ()

Returns the name of the current phase that this component is running. get_current_global_phase
static function string get_current_global_phase ()

Returns the name of the current phase in the global phase queue. Individual components may be out of phase with the global phase queue. For example, ovm_env::do_test() phases a single environment instead of synchronizing phases across environments. get_num_children
function int get_num_children ()

Returns the number of children of this component. Use this function with get_child on page 41 to iterate through this components children. get_num_components
static function int get_num_components ()

This method returns the total number of components in the global registry. Use this function with get_component on page 41 to scan the the global registry of components. get_parent
virtual function ovm_component get_parent ()

Returns a handle to this components parent, or null if it has no parent.

43

global_stop_request
static function void global_stop_request ()

Globally aborts the currently running task-based phase (e.g. the run phase). Before doing so, it calls the stop method on page 51 for all components whose enable_stop_interrupt bits have been set prior to this stop request. Such components may need extra time to shut down cleanly. They may implement stop to nish the currently executing transaction, ush the queue, or perform other cleanup. Upon return from its stop, a component signals it is ready to be stopped. A component signals it can be stopped at any time if it does not set its enable_stop_interrupt bit. When all stop tasks return or the stop timeout expires, whichever occurs rst, all processes that were forked in the currently running phase are killed, and the next phase started. See set_global_stop_timeout on page 49 to learn how to set the stop timeout. insert_phase
protected function void insert_phase(string exist_ph_name, ovm_phase phase)

Inserts the user-dened phase object before the existing phase named exist_ph_name in the components phase list, and inserts the phase in the global phase list (if not already added). See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information. post_new
virtual function void post_new()

The post_new phase callback is the rst of several methods automatically called during the course of simulation. The post_new phase executes after the initial hierarchy has been constructed. The following occurs during execution of the post_new phase:

The global begin_post_new event is triggered. All components post_new methods are called recursively in depth-rst, bottom-up order, i.e. children are executed before their parents. The global end_post_new event is triggered.

Generally, derived classes should override this method to create new components and connect their ports. Any override should call super.post_new. This method should never be called directly.

44

See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information on phases. print_cong_settings

function void print_config_settings(string field="", ovm_component comp=null, bit recurse=0)

Called without arguments, print_config_settings prints all conguration information for this component, as set by previous calls to set_config_*. If field is specied an non-empty, then only the conguration matching the field are printed. The field can not contain wildcards. If comp is specied and non-null, then the conguration for that component is printed, not this component. If recurse is set, then conguration information for all children and below are printed as well. print_override_info
function void print_override_info(string type_name, string inst_name="")

This factory debug method performs the same lookup process as create_object and create_component, but instead of creating an object, it prints information about what type of object would be created given the provided arguments. push_back_phase
protected function void push_back_phase(ovm_phase phase)

Adds a user dened phase object to the end of the list of phases for this component and adds the phase to the global phase list (if it has not already been added). See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information. relative_lookup
function ovm_component relative_lookup(string name)

This function searches for a component that lives hierarchically beneath this component and has the relative, hierarchical name. The handle to the matching component is returned if found, other returns null.

45

report
virtual function void report()

The report phase callback is the last of several methods automatically called during the course of simulation. The report phase starts after the check phase has completed. The following occurs during execution of the report phase:

The global begin_report event is triggered. All components report methods are called recursively in depth-rst, bottom-up order, i.e. children are executed before their parents. The global end_report event is triggered.

Generally, derived classes should override this method to perform component-specic reporting of test results. Any override should call super.report. This method should never be called directly. See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information on phases. record_error_tr
function integer record_error_tr (string stream_name="main", ovm_object info=null, string label="", string desc="", time error_time=0, bit keep_active=0)

This function marks an error transaction by a component. Properties of the given ovm_object, info, as implemented in its do_record method on page 16, are recorded to the transaction database. An error_time of 0 indicates to use the current simulation time. The keep_active bit determines if the handle should remain active. If keep_active is 0, a zero-length error transaction is recorded. A handle to the database-transaction is returned. Interpretation of this handle, as well as the strings stream_name, label, and desc, are vendor specic.

46

record_event_tr
function integer record_event_tr (string stream_name="main", ovm_object info=null, string label="", string desc="", time event_time=0, bit keep_active=0)

This function marks an event transaction by a component. An event_time of 0 indicates to use the current simulation time. A handle to the transaction is returned. The keep_active bit determines if the handle may be used for other vendor specic purposes. The strings for stream_name, label, and desc are vendor specic identiers for the transaction. resolve_all_bindings
static function void resolve_all_bindings()

Performs elaboration of ports, exports and implementations. This method is called automatically after the post_new phase, but can be called manually if needed. set_cong_int set_cong_string set_cong_object
virtual function void set_config_int (string inst_name, string field_name, ovm_bitstream_t value) virtual function void set_config_string (string inst_name, string field_name, string value) virtual function void set_config_object (string inst_name, string field_name, ovm_object value, bit clone=1)

47

These methods work in conjunction with the get_config_* methods to provide a conguration setting mechanism for integral, string, and ovm_object-based types. Settings of other types, such as virtual interfaces and arrays, can be indirectly supported by dening an object to contain them. Calling any of set_config_* causes a conguration setting to created and placed in a table internal to this component. The conguration setting stores the supplied inst_name, field_name, andvalue for later use by descendent components during their construction. When a descendant component calls a get_config_* method, the inst_name and field_name provided in the get call are matched against all the conguration settings stored in the global table and then in each component in the parent hierarchy, top-down. Upon the rst match, the value stored in the conguration setting is returned. Thus, precedence is global, following by the top-level component, and so on down to the descendent components parent. Both inst_name and field_name may contain wildcards. For set_config_int, value is an integral value that can be anything from 1 bit to 4096 bits. For set_config_string, value is a string. For set_config_object, value must be an ovm_object-based object or null. Its clone argument species whether the object should be cloned. If set, the object is cloned both going into the table (during the set) and coming out of the table (during the get), so that multiple components matched to the same setting (by way of wildcards) do not end up sharing the same object. See get_config_int, get_config_string, and get_cong_object on page 42 for more information on getting and applying conguration settings. See Global set_cong Functions on page 52 for information on setting the global conguration table. set_global_timeout
static function void set_global_timeout (time timeout)

Sets a timeout for task-based phases. If the timeout elapses before the phase completes, an error is generated and the phase terminated. All processes forked during the phase will be killed. Currently, the only built-in time-consuming phase is the run phase for ovm_threaded_component. A timeout of 0 (the default) indicates that there is no timeout.

48

set_global_stop_timeout
static function void set_global_stop_timeout (time timeout)

Sets a timeout for stop tasks. If the timeout elapses before all stop tasks have completed, a warning is generated, all stop tasks are terminated, and stop request is fullled. The default timeout is arbitrarily set to 10000 time units. If it is expected that some components will need more time, then the stop timeout can be extended. See global_stop_request on page 44 for details on the stop mechanism. set_inst_override
function void set_inst_override (string inst_path, string override_type, string type_name)

Sets an instance override in the ovm_factory for components created at this level of hierarchy or below. The inst_path is relative to this component and may include wildcards. When a child component calls upon the factory to create a new object or component, e.g. with create_component or create_object, it provides an instance path and a desired type name. The factory compares these with the variousinst_paths-type_name pairs registered by this method. If a match is found, then the factory creates and returns an object of the override_type in place of the requested type. This is a convenience function for ovm_factory::set_inst_override. set_report_default_le_hier set_report_id_le_hier set_report_severity_le_hier set_report_severity_id_le_hier
function function function function void void void void set_report_default_file_hier set_report_id_file_hier set_report_severity_file_hier set_report_severity_id_file_hier (FILE file) (string id, FILE file) (ovm_severity sev, FILE file) (ovm_severity sev, string id, FILE file)

49

These methods recursively congure the report handers in this component and all its children to direct some or all of its output to the given file descriptor. The file argument must be a multi-channel descriptor (mcd) or le id compatible with $fdisplay.
set_report_default_file_hier hierarchically sets a default le descriptor. It is used

when no other setting applies.

hierarchically sets the le descriptor for reports matching the given severity. This setting takes precedence over the default setting.
set_report_severity_file_hier set_report_id_file_hier

hierarchically sets the le descriptor for reports matching the given id. This setting takes precedence over the default and any severity settings from set_report_severity_file_hier.

set_report_severity_id_file_hier hierarchically sets the le descriptor for reports

matching both the given severity and id. This setting takes highest precedence. For a list of severities and other information related to the report mechanism, refer to ovm_report_handler on page 77. set_report_severity_action_hier set_report_severity_le_hier set_report_severity_id_action_hier
(ovm_severity sev, ovm_action action) function void set_report_id_action_hier (string id, ovm_action action) function void set_report_severity_id_action_hier (ovm_severity sev, string id, ovm_action action) function void set_report_severity_action_hier

These methods recursively congure the report handers in this component and all its children to perform the given action when issuing reports matching the given severity, id, or both severity and id.
set_report_severity_action_hier

hierarchically sets the action for reports matching the given sev. This setting takes precedence over the default setting. hierarchically sets the action for reports matching the given id. This setting takes precedence over the default and any severity settings from set_report_severity_action_hier.

set_report_id_action_hier

50

hierarchically sets the action for reports matching both the given sev and id. This setting takes highest precedence.
set_report_severity_id_action_hier

For a list of severities and their default actions, refer to ovm_report_handler on page 77. set_report_verbosity_level_hier
function void set_report_verbosity_level_hier (int verbosity)

This method recursively congures the report handers in this component and all its children to output messages at the given verbosity level and below. To be displayed, messages must have a verbosity setting equal to or less than verbosity. To display all messages, set v erbosity to a large number (such as 'hfffffff). See ovm_report_handler on page 77 for a list of pre-dened message verbosity levels and their meaning. set_type_override
static function void set_type_override (string override_type, string type_name, bit replace=1)

This is a convenience function for set_type_override in ovm_factory. It congures the factory to create an object of type override_type whenever an object of typetype_name is requested. When a component calls upon the factory to create a new object or component, e.g. with create_component or create_object, it provides an instance path and a desired type name. If the requested type name matches type_name, and there is no matching instance override, then the factory creates the given override_type in place of the requested type. When replace is 1, a previous override on type_name is replaced, otherwise the previous override remains intact. This is a wrapper function for ovm_factory::set_type_override. stop
virtual task stop()

This components stop task is called when a global_stop_request is issued during a task-based phase (e.g.run) and its enable_stop_interrupt bit is set.

51

Before a phase is abruptly ended, e.g. when a test deems the simulation complete, some components may need extra time to shut down cleanly. Such components may implement stop to nish the currently executing transaction, ush the queue, or perform other cleanup. Upon return from its stop, a component signals it is ready to be stopped. The stop method will not be called if enable_stop_interrupt=0. The default implementation of stop is empty, i.e. to return immediately. The stop method should never be called directly. stop_request
function void stop_request (stop_enum who=STOP_ALL)

Issues a request to abort the current task-based phase (e.g. run) for this component and its children. The stop_enum variable has the following denitions:

STOP_ALL stops this component and recursively stops its descendants. STOP_CHILDREN recursively stops the descendants. STOP_SELF stops only this component and does not affect its descendants.

Normally, the stop control should be done globally using the global_stop_request method on page 44. Global set_cong Functions set_cong_int set_cong_string set_cong_object
(string inst_name, string field_name, ovm_bitstream_t value) function void set_config_string (string inst_name, string field_name, string value) function void set_config_object (string inst_name, string field_name, function void set_config_int

52

ovm_object value, bit clone=1)

These are the global versions of the set_config_int, set_config_string, and set_config_object. They place the conguration settings in the global override table, which has highest precedence over any component-level setting.

53

ovm_threaded_component
ovm_void

ovm_object

ovm_report_object

ovm_component

ovm_threaded_component

The ovm_threaded_component class is a base class for active components with running processes. In addition to the features inherited from ovm_component, it adds the pre_run and run phase callbacks. The run phase is the only built-in phase that is allowed to consume simulation time. The pre_run and run phases are inserted between the end_of_elaboration and extract phases. Summary
virtual class ovm_threaded_component extends ovm_component; function new (string name, ovm_component parent); // Run phase interface virtual function void pre_run (); virtual task run (); //Run process control interface virtual function void kill (); endclass
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File base/ovm_threaded_component.svh Virtual Yes Members None Methods new

function new (string name, ovm_component parent)

All components must specify an instance name and a parent component. Note: Threaded components may have a non-threaded component as a parent, so the constructor of a derived class should have an ovm_component parent as an argument. kill
virtual function void kill ()

Kills the run process executing on this component. Killing the run processes calls all sub-processes that were initiated by this components run phase to be terminated as well. An alternative mechanism for stopping the run phase is the stop request. Calling global_stop_request on page 44 causes all components run processes to be killed, but only after all components have had the opportunity to complete in progress transactions and shutdown cleanly. pre_run
virtual function void pre_run ()

The pre_run phase starts after the end_of_elaboration phase has completed and before the run phase. The following occurs during execution of the pre_run phase:
55

The global begin_pre_run event is triggered. All components pre_run methods are called recursively in depth-rst, bottom-up order, i.e. children are executed before their parents. The global end_pre_run event is triggered.

Generally, derived classes should override this method to perform component-specic pre-run operations, such as discovery of the elaborated hierarchy, printing banners, etc. Any override should call super.pre_run. This method should never be called directly. See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information on phases. run
virtual task run ()

The run phase callback is the only time-consuming, task-based phase. The run phase executes after test environment has been fully constructed and elaborated. Derived classes should override this method to perform the bulk of its functionality, forking off additional processes if needed. The following occurs during execution of the run phase:

The global begin_run event is triggered. All components run tasks are forked as independent processes. Returning from the run task signals a components completion of the run phase. If additional processes have been forked, a wait fork must be called to prevent exiting prematurely. Once all components run tasks have completed, or a stop request has been honored, the run phase is ended. Keep in mind other ways of exiting the run phase.

global_stop_request this static method of ovm_component can be called by anyone. See global_stop_request on page 44 for more information. global timeout expired the set_global_timeout method can be used to set a timeout for task-based phase execution. kill calling this method kills this components run task and any processes it has forked. Other components, including any children, are not affected. do_test completion the top-level ovm_env::do_test task recursively kills all the run tasks in the entire component hierarchy just before it returns.

56

After all components run tasks are completed or killed, the global end_run event is triggered.

This method should never be called directly. See ovm_phase on page 61 for more information on phases.

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ovm_env
ovm_void

ovm_object

ovm_report_object

ovm_component

ovm_threaded_component

ovm_env

The ovm_env class is a top-level container component that provides phasing control for a hierarchy of components. Summary
virtual class ovm_env extends ovm_threaded_component function new (string name=env, ovm_component parent=null); static task run_test (string test_name=""); static task do_global_phase (string ph_name); // methods used when in do_test mode virtual task run(); virtual task do_test(); // DEPRECATED endclass

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File base/ovm_env.svh Virtual Yes Members

static bit finish_on_completion = 1

Sets whether or not the run_test method should invoke $finish when it completes. By default, run_test will exit in the delta cycle after it has completed running. When set to 0, you must explicitly end the simulation. Methods new
function new (string name="env", ovm_component parent=null)

Creates and initializes an instance of the ovm_env class. If parent is null, then this instance is a top-level component having special semantics when running in do_test mode (deprecated). First, simulation test ow is started with a call to do_test, not run_test. Second, the run task of this env controls the duration of the run phase for all components. See run method on page 60 for more information. do_global_phase
static function void do_global_phase(string ph_name)

Executes the phase, ph_name, on all components in the test environment. If ph_name is not the next phase to be executed, then all previous phases are run to bring all components up through the ph_name phase. In general, this function should not be called directly. Use run_test or do_test to initiate a phased simulation. do_test
virtual task do_test () - DEPRECATED

59

The do_test calls report_header, run_test, and report_summarize. Calling this method requires this ovm_env instance be the only top-level (parent=null) in the test environment. The run phase completes once this instances run task completes. Note: The do_test method may be depreciated in favor of the run_test method, affording users more control of the simulation test ow. run_test
static task run_test (string test_name="")

The run_test task governs phasing for all components in the test environment. If a command-line plus argument, +OVM_TESTNAME=test_type, is present, run_test calls upon the ovm_factory to create an instance of the given type before starting the phasing of all components. If the plus argument is absent, then if test_name is specied and non empty, run_test calls upon the factory to create that instance before phasing. Otherwise, run_test starts phasing immediately without creating any new components. The component created by run_test, if any, is given the instance name ovm_test_top. run
virtual task run (string)

When in do_test mode (parent=null), this ovm_env object is considered the single top-level, and the run task in the deriving class takes on special semantics:

The OVM ensures this run task is started last, after all descendant components run tasks have started. When this run task ends, a call to global_stop_request is issued for the env, thus ending the run phase once all components stop tasks have completed.

Global Functions run_test

task run_test (string test_name="")

This global task simply calls ovm_env::run_test(test_name), which eliminates the need for the ovm_env:: scope specier.

60

ovm_phase
ovm_phase

The ovm_phase class is used for dening phase objects. Phases are a synchronizing mechanism for the environment. Depending on the phase, components in the environment are phased in top-down or bottom-up order. Phase callbacks may be either functions or tasks. Table 1-2 on page 61 shows the predened phases that are part of OVM. Table 1-2 Predened Phases Phase Type function

Phase post_new

Object dening the phase ovm_component

Description First phase called. Children may be instantiated during this phase. Implicit phase used by port binding. Called before the run phase on threaded components. The main process phase. This phase process (as with all task processes) may be killed. This phase is for organizing information from the run. This phase is for doing end of simulation checking. This phase is for reporting results.

elaborate

function

ovm_component

pre_run

function

ovm_threaded_component

run

task

ovm_threaded_component

extract

function

ovm_component

check

function

ovm_component

report

function

ovm_component

61

Summary
virtual class ovm_phase; function new (string name, bit is_top_down, bit is_task); function string get_name(); virtual function string get_type_name(); function bit is_task(); function bit is_top_down(); virtual task call_task(); virtual function void call_func(); virtual task execute(ovm_component parent); endclass

File base/ovm_phases.sv Virtual Yes Members None Methods new

function new (string name, bit is_top_down, bit is_task);

Creates a phase object. The name is the name of the phase. When is_top_down is set, the parent is phased before its children. is_task indicates whether the phase callbacks consume time. get_name
function string get_name ();

62

Returns the name of the phase object as supplied in the constructor. get_type_name
virtual function string get_type_name ();

Returns the name of the type name phase object. is_task

function bit is_task ();

Returns 1 if the phase is time consuming and 0 if not. is_top_down

function bit is_top_down ();

Returns 1 if the phase executes top down (executes the parents phase callback before executing the childrens callback) and 0 otherwise. call_task
virtual task call_task ();

This task is overridden by a derived class that denes a task phase. In typical usage, the function calls the phase task of its parent component. call_func
virtual void function call_func ();

This function is overridden by a derived class that denes a function phase. In typical usage, the function calls the phase task of its parent component. execute
virtual task execute (ovm_component parent);

This task is called by the OVM controller during the phasing operation. Implementations must $cast the parent argument to the component type whose queue contains this phase object. It must then invoke call_task or call_func which calls the actual phase method in the parent component.

63

Usage In general, it is not necessary to know the details of phases in order to use them. However, in order to create a user dened phase, it is necessary to inherit from the ovm_phase class in a specic way. The following section explains how to do this. Phase objects are created in the global space, one phase object per phase. The phase objects are added to each components phase queue in the constructor of the object that denes the phase. Inheriting from the ovm_phase Class When creating a user dened phase, you must do the following: 1. Dene a derived class denition for the phase, inheriting from ovm_phase. The derived class must have knowledge of the type of component in which it is to be used. This can be accomplished with a type-parameter. 2. Create a single instance of the phase in the same scope for each component class that will use that phase. 3. In the constructor of the component class, add the phase object to the components phase queue. Also, be sure to declare the phase callback in the component class. For example, to create a phase called mytask that is run by object of type mycomponent (or derivatives), do the following:
// step 1: define a top-dwn task phase, mytask (see convenience macros, below) `ovm_phase_task_decl(mytask,1) // step 2: create an instance of the phase object typedef class mycomponent; // forward declare the parent type mytask_phase #(mycomponent) mytask_ph = new(); // step 3: insert phase object in components phase queue class mycomponent extends ovm_threaded_component; ... function new(string name, ovm_component parent); super.new(name,parent); insert_phase("run", mytask_ph); //insert before existing run phase ... endfunction

64

... task mytask(); // this task is now a phase callback ... endtask endclass

Optional Macros The following macros simplify the process of creating a user dened phase. They create a phase type that is parameterized to the component class that uses the phase. The PHASE_NAME argument is used to dene the name of the phase, the name of the component method that is called back during phase execution, and the type-name of the phase class itself. TheTOP_DOWN argument is passed to the constructor of the ovm_phase base class. `ovm_phase_func_decl
`ovm_phase_func_decl (PHASE_NAME, TOP_DOWN)

This macro creates the following class denition.

class PHASE_NAME``_phase #(type PARENT=int) extends ovm_phase; PARENT m_parent; function new(); super.new(`"NAME`",TOP_DOWN,1); endfunction virtual function void call_func(); m_parent.NAME(); // call the components phase callback endtask virtual task execute(ovm_component parent); assert($cast(m_parent,parent)); call_func(); endtask endclass

`ovm_phase_task_decl
`ovm_phase_task_decl (PHASE_NAME, TOP_DOWN)

This macro creates the following class denition:

class PHASE_NAME``_phase #(type PARENT=int) extends ovm_phase; PARENT m_parent;
65

function new(); super.new(`"NAME`",TOP_DOWN,1); endfunction virtual task call_task(); m_parent.NAME(); // call the components phase callback endtask virtual task execute(ovm_component parent); assert($cast(m_parent,parent)); call_task(); endtask endclass

66

Reporting
The reporting classes provide a facility for issuing reports with different severities and IDs, and to different les. The primary interface to the reporting facility is ovm_report_object, which is inherited by ovm_component.

ovm_void

ovm_report_server ovm_object

ovm_report_object

ovm_report_handler

ovm_component

ovm_reporter

67

ovm_report_object
ovm_void

ovm_object

ovm_report_object

The ovm_report_object provides an interface to the OVM reporting facility. Through this interface, components issue the various messages that occur during simulation. They can also congure what actions are taken and what le(s) are output for individual messages or for all messages. Most methods in ovm_report_object are delegated to an instance of an ovm_report_handler, which stores its components reporting conguration and determines whether an issued message should be displayed based on the conguration. To display a message, the report handler delegates the actual formatting and production of messages to a central ovm_report_server. Summary
virtual class ovm_report_object extends ovm_object; function new(string name=""); function void ovm_report_fatal(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=100, tring filename="", int line=0); function void ovm_report_fatal(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=0, string filename="", int line=0); function void ovm_report_fatal(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=300, tring filename="", int line=0); function void ovm_report_warning(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=200, string filename="", int line=0); function ovm_report_handler get_report_handler();
68

function string get_report_name(); virtual function void report_header(FILE f=0); virtual function bit report_hook(string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line); virtual function bit report_fatal_hook(string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line); virtual function bit report_fatal_hook(string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line); virtual function bit report_info_hook(string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line); function void report_summarize(FILE f=0); virtual function bit report_warning_hook (string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line); function void reset_report_handler(); function void set_report_handler(ovm_report_handler hndlr); function void set_report_max_quit_count(int m); function void set_report_name(string s); function void set_report_severity_action (ovm_severity s, ovm_action a); function void set_report_verbosity_level(int verbosity_level); function void set_report_severity_action (string id, ovm_action a); function void set_report_severity_id_action (ovm_severity s, string id, ovm_action a); function void set_report_default_file (input FILE f); function void set_report_severity_file (ovm_severity s, FILE f); function void set_report_id_file (input string id, input FILE f); function void set_report_severity_file (ovm_severity s, string id, FILE f); function void set_report_verbosity_level();
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virtual function void die(); end class

File base/ovm_report_object.svh Virtual Yes Members

protected ovm_report_handler m_rh

Handle to a report handler, which stores message conguration. It may be unique to this component or shared with several components. Methods new
function new(string name="")

Creates a new report object with the given name. This method also creates a new ovm_report_handler object, which this object delegates most tasks to. ovm_report_fatal ovm_report_error ovm_report_warning ovm_report_info
function void ovm_report_fatal(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=0, string filename="", int line=0) function void ovm_report_error(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=100,
70

string filename="", int line=0) function void ovm_report_warning(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=200, string filenamee="", int line=0) function void ovm_report_info(string id, string message, int verbosity_level=300, string filename="", int line=0)

These methods produce reports of severity OVM_FATAL, OVM_ERROR, OVM_WARNING, and OVM_INFO. All message output should come from calls to these four methods. The id argument is a unique identifer for a message. You can congure an individual reports actions and output le descriptor using its id string. The message argument is main body of the message you want displayed. The verbosity argument species the messages relative importance. If the verbosity argument is higher than the maximum verbosity setting in the report handler, this report is simply ignored. The default verbosity levels by severity are: OVM_FATAL=0, OVM_ERROR=100, warning=200, and info=300. The maximum verbosity can be set using the set_report_verbosity_level method on page 75 or set_report_verbosity_level_hier method on page 51. The filename and line arguments allow you to provide the location of the call to the report methods. If specied, they are displayed in the output. get_report_handler
function ovm_report_handler get_report_handler()

Provides public access to the report handler, which stores all of the state information. get_report_name
function string get_report_name()

Provides public access to the report name. report_header

virtual function void report_header(FILE file=0)

Prints version and copyright information. This information is sent to the command line if f is 0, or to the le descriptor f if it is not 0. This method is called by ovm_env immediately after the construction phase and before the connect phase.
71

report_hook report_info_hook report_warning_hook report_error_hook report_fatal_hook

virtual function bit report_hook (string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line) report_info_hook (string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line) report_warning_hook(string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line) report_error_hook(string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line ) report_fatal_hook(string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line)

virtual function bit

virtual function bit

virtual function bit

virtual function bit

These hook methods can be dened in derived classes to perform additional actions when reports are issued. They are called only if the OVM_CALL_HOOK bit is specied in the action associated with the report. The default implementations return 1, which allows the report to be processed. If an override returns 0, the report is not processed. report_summarize
function void report_summarize(FILE f=0)

Produces statistical information on the reports issued by the central report server. This information will be sent to the command line if f is 0, or to the le descriptor f if it is not 0. reset_report_handler
function void reset_report_handler()

72

Re-initializes the components report handler to the default settings. set_report_handler

function void set_report_handler(ovm_report_handler hndlr)

Sets the report handler, thus allowing more than one component to share the same report handler. set_report_max_quit_count
function void set_report_max_quit_count(int m)

Sets the value of the max_quit_count in the report handler to m. When the number of OVM_COUNT actions reaches m, the die method on page 75 is called. The default value of 0 indicates that there is no upper limit to the number of OVM_COUNT reports. set_report_name
function void set_report_name(string s)

Sets the report name. set_report_default_le set_report_severity_le set_report_id_le set_report_severity_id_le

(FILE file) (ovm_severity sev, FILE file ) function void set_report_id_file (string id, FILE file) function void set_report_severity_id_file (ovm_severity sev, string id, FILE file) function void set_report_default_file function void set_report_severity_file

These methods congure the report hander to direct some or all of its output to the given file descriptor. The file argument must be a multi-channel descriptor (mcd) or le id compatible with $fdisplay.
73

sets a default le descriptor for all reports issued by this report hander. The initial descriptor is set to 0, which means that even if the action includes a OVM_LOG attribute, the report is not sent to a le.
set_report_default_file

sets the le descriptor for reports matching the given severity. This setting takes precedence over the default le descriptor.
set_report_severity_file

sets the le descriptor for reports matching the given id. This setting takes precedence over the default and any severity settings from set_report_severity_file.
set_report_id_file set_report_severity_id_file sets the le descriptor for reports matching both the

given severity and id. This setting takes highest precedence. See ovm_report_handler on page 77 for more information. set_report_severity_action set_report_id_action set_report_severity_id_action
function void set_report_severity_action (ovm_severity sev, ovm_action action) function void set_report_id_action (string id, ovm_action action) function void set_report_severity_id_action (ovm_severity sev, string id, ovm_action action)

These methods congure the report hander in this component to perform the given action when issuing reports matching the given severity, id, or severity -id pair.

sets the action for reports matching the given sev. This setting takes precedence over the default setting.
set_report_severity_action set_report_id_action sets the action for reports matching the given id. This setting takes precedence over settings from set_report_severity_action.

sets the action for reports matching both the given sev and id. An action associated with a (severity, id) pair takes priority over an action associated with either the severity or the id alone.
set_report_severity_id_action
74

The action argument can take the value OVM_NO_ACTION (5'b00000), or it can be a bitwise OR of any combination of OVM_DISPLAY, OVM_LOG, OVM_COUNT, OVM_EXIT, and OVM_CALL_HOOK. For a list of severities and their default actions, refer to ovm_report_handler on page 77. set_report_verbosity_level
function void set_report_verbosity_level(int verbosity_level)

Sets the maximum verbosity level for the report handler. Any report whose verbosity exceeds this maximum is ignored. dump_report_state
function void dump_report_state()

This method dumps the internal state of the report handler. This includes information about the maximum quit count, the maximum verbosity, and the action and les associated with severities, ids, and (severity, id) pairs. die
virtual function void die()

This method is called by the report server if a report reaches the maximum quit count or has an OVM_EXIT action associated with it, e.g. fatal errors. If die is called in a report object that is an ovm_component contained in an ovm_env, the ovm_env ends the run phase by killing all its childrens run tasks. The extract, check, and report phases are then executed, followed by a call to report_summarize. In this case, any other ovm_envs in the environment will not be affected. If die is called in a report object that is not an ovm_component, or in an ovm_component dened outside of an ovm_env, then report_summarize is called and the simulation terminates with $finish.

75

ovm_reporter
ovm_void

ovm_object

ovm_report_object

The ovm_reporter extends ovm_report_object and is used as a standalone reporter. Objects that are not ovm_components may use this to issue reports that leverage the same conguration and formatting features as components. Summary
class ovm_reporter extends ovm_report_object; function new(string name="reporter"); end class

File base/ovm_report_object.svh Virtual No Methods new

function new(string name="reporter")

The constructor has the default name of reporter.

76

ovm_report_handler
ovm_report_handler

ovm_reporter

ovm_report_handler is the class to which many of the methods in ovm_report_object are delegated. It stores the maximum verbosity, actions, and les that affect the way reports are handled. Note: The report handler is not intended for direct use. See ovm_report_object for infomation on the OVM reporting mechanism. The relationship between ovm_report_object (a base class for ovm_component) and ovm_report_handler is usually one to one, but it can, in theory, be many to one. When a report needs processing, the report handler passes it to the central report server. The relationship between ovm_report_handler and ovm_report_server is many to one. Summary
class ovm_report_handler; function new(); function void set_max_quit_count(int m); function void summarize(FILE f=0); function void report_header(FILE f=0); function void initialize(); virtual function bit run_hooks(ovm_report_object client, vm_severity s, string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line); function void set_verbosity_level(int verbosity_level); function action get_action(ovm_severity s, string id); function FILE get_file_handle(ovm_severity s, string id); function void report(ovm_severity s, string name, string id, string mess, int verbosity_level=0, ovm_report_object client=null); function string format_action(ovm_action a);

77

function void set_severity_action(ovm_severity s, ovm_action a); function void set_id_action(string id, ovm_action a); function void set_severity_id_action(ovm_severity s, string id, ovm_action a); function void set_default_file(FILE f); function void set_severity_file(ovm_severity s, FILE f); function void set_id_file(string id, FILE f); function void set_severity_id_file(ovm_severity s, string id, FILE f); function void dump_state(); end class

File base/ovm_report_handler.svh Virtual No Members

ovm_report_server m_srvr

This is the central report server that actually processes the reports.
int m_max_verbosity_level

This is the maximum verbosity of reports that this report handler forwards to the report server. The default value is 10000.
action severity_actions[severity]

This is the array that contains the actions associated with each severity. The default values are given by the table below. Severity OVM_INFO OVM_WARNING Actions OVM_DISPLAY OVM_DISPLAY

78

Severity OVM_ERROR

Actions OVM_DISPLAY | OVM_COUNT OVM_DISPLAY | OVM_EXIT

OVM_FATAL

id_actions_array id_actions

This is the array of actions associated with each string id. By default, there are no entries in this array.
id_actions_array severity_id_actions[severity]

This is an associative array of associative arrays. If it exists, then severity_id_actions[s][i] contains the actions associated with the (severity, id) pair (s,i). By default, there are no entries in this array.
FILE default_file_handle

This is the default le handle for this report handler. By default, it is set to 0, which means that reports are not sent to a le even if an OVM_LOG attribute is set in the action associated with the report.
FILE severity_file_handles[severity]

This array contains the le handle associated with each severity.

id_file_array id_file_handles

This array contains the le handle associated with each string id.
id_file_array severity_id_file_handles[severity]

This associative array of associative arrays contains the le descriptor associated with each (severity, id) pair, if there are any. Methods new
function new()

The constructor. set_max_quit_count

function void set_max_quit_count(int m)
79

See ovm_report_object::set_report_max_quit_count. summarize

function void summarize(FILE f=0)

See ovm_report_object::report_summarize. report_header

function void report_header(FILE f=0)

See ovm_report_object::report_header. initialize

function void initialize()

This method is called by the constructor to initialize the arrays and other variables described above to their default values. run_hooks
virtual function bit run_hooks(ovm_report_object client, ovm_severity s, string id, string message, int verbosity, string filename, int line)

run_hooks is called if the OVM_CALL_HOOK action is set for this report. It calls the clients report_hook and then the severity-specic hook method. If either returns 0, the report is not processed. set_verbosity_level
function void set_verbosity_level(int verbosity_level)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_verbosity_level. get_action

function action get_action(ovm_severity s, string id)

This method looks up the action associated with this severity and id.

80

get_le_handle
function FILE get_file_handle(ovm_severity s, string id)

This method returns the le descriptor associated with the given severity and id. report
function void report(ovm_severity s, string name, string id, string mess, int verbosity_level=0, ovm_report_object client=null)

This is the common method called by the four core reporting methods in ovm_report_object: ovm_report_fatal, ovm_report_warning, ovm_report_fatal, and ovm_report_fatal. See the descriptions of these methods for their detailed behavior. format_action
function string format_action(ovm_action a)

This method returns a string that describes the action. set_severity_action

function void set_severity_action(ovm_severity s, ovm_action a)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_severity_action. set_id_action

function void set_id_action(string id, ovm_action a)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_severity_action. set_severity_id_action

function void set_severity_id_action(ovm_severity s, string id, ovm_action a)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_severity_id_action. set_default_le

function void set_default_file(FILE f)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_default_file.
81

set_severity_le
function void set_severity_file(ovm_severity s, FILE f)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_severity_file. set_id_le

function void set_id_file(string id, FILE f)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_id_file. set_severity_id_le

function void set_severity_id_file(ovm_severity s, string id, FILE f)

See ovm_report_object::set_report_severity_file. dump_state

function void dump_state()

See ovm_report_object::set_report_verbosity_level.

82

ovm_report_server
ovm_report_server

ovm_report_server is a global server that processes all of the reports generated by an ovm_report_handler. None of its methods are intended to be called by normal testbench code, although in some circumstances the virtual methods process_report and/or compose_ovm_info may be overloaded in a subclass. Summary
class ovm_report_server; protected function new(); static function ovm_report_server get_server(); function int get_max_quit_count(); function void set_max_quit_count(int m); function void reset_quit_count(); function void incr_quit_count(); function int get_quit_count(); function bit is_quit_count_reached(); function void reset_severity_counts(); function int get_severity_count(ovm_severity s); function void incr_severity_count(ovm_severity s); function void set_id_count(string id, int n); function int get_id_count(string id); function void incr_id_count(string id); function void summarize(FILE f=0); function void f_ovm_display(FILE f, string s); function void dump_server_state(); virtual function void process_report(ovm_severity s, string name, string id, string message, ovm_action a, FILE f, string filename, int line, ovm_report_object client ); virtual function string compose_ovm_info(ovm_severity s, string name, string id, string message); end class

83

File base/ovm_report_server.svh Virtual No Members none Methods

new
protected function new()

Creates the central report server, if not already created. Else, does nothing. The constructor is protected to enforce a singleton. get_server
static function ovm_report_server get_server()

Returns a handle to the central report server. get_max_quit_count

function int get_max_quit_count()

Returns the maximum number of COUNT actions that can be tolerated before an OVM_EXIT action is taken. The default value is 0, which species no maximum. set_max_quit_count
function void set_max_quit_count(int m)

Sets the maximum number of COUNT actions that can be tolerated before an OVM_EXIT action is taken.

84

reset_quit_count
function void reset_quit_count()

This method resets the value of quit_count to 0. incr_quit_count

function void incr_quit_count()

Increments the number of COUNT actions issued. get_quit_count

function int get_quit_count()

Returns the number of COUNT actions issued. is_quit_count_reached

function bit is_quit_count_reached()

Returns 1 if the number of COUNT actions has reached the maximum, if set. reset_severity_counts
function void reset_severity_counts()

This method resets the severity counters to 0. get_severity_count

function int get_severity_count(ovm_severity s)

Returns the number of issued reports of severity s since the last reset. incr_severity_count
function void incr_severity_count(ovm_severity s)

Increments the counter for reports of severity s. set_id_count

function void set_id_count(string id, int n)

Sets the counter for reports with the given id to n.

85

get_id_count
function int get_id_count(string id)

Returns the number of issued reports that had the given identier. incr_id_count
function void incr_id_count(string id)

Increments the number of reports with this id. summarize

function void summarize(FILE f=0)

See ovm_report_object::report_summarize. f_ovm_display

function void f_ovm_display(FILE f, string s)

This method sends string s to the command line if f is 0 and to the le(s) specied by f if it is not 0. dump_server_state
function void dump_server_state()

See ovm_report_object::set_report_verbosity_level. process_report

virtual function void process_report(ovm_severity s, string name, string id, string message, ovm_action a, FILE f, string filename, int line, ovm_report_object client )

This method calls compose_ovm_info to construct the actual message to be output. It then takes the appropriate action according to the value of action a and le f. This method can be overloaded by expert users so that the report system processes the actions different from the way described in ovm_report_object and ovm_report_handler.

86

compose_ovm_info
virtual function string compose_ovm_info(ovm_severity s, string name, string id, string message)

This method constructs the actual string sent to the le or command line from the severity, component name, report ID, and the message itself. Expert users can overload this method to change the formatting of the reports generated by ovm_report_object.

87

Factory
ovm_object_wrapper
ovm_object_wrapper

The ovm_object_wrapper is an abstract class which provides the interface used for registering proxy objects with the factory for creating object types. The ovm_registry types provide templated types which implement type-specic wrappers. Summary
virtual class ovm_object_wrapper; virtual function ovm_object create_object (string name=""); virtual function ovm_component create_component (string name, ovm_component parent); pure virtual function string get_type_name(); endclass

File base/ovm_factory.svh Virtual Yes Members None

88

Methods create_component
function ovm_component create_component(string name, ovm_component parent)

Implementation of create_component. A wrapper must either implement create_object or create_component. The name and parent arguments should be passed to the constructor of the component object that is being created. create_object
function ovm_object create_object(string name="")

Implementation of create_object. A wrapper must either implement create_object or create_component. The name argument is the name to which the object should be set, using set_name() and after the object has been created. get_type_name
function string get_type_name()

This is the method used by the factory to determine the type of object the wrapper creates. This method must be implemented.

89

ovm_component_registry #(type T, string Tname)

ovm_object_wrapper

ovm_component_registry #(type T, string Tname)

The ovm_component_registry provides a templatized wrapper. In order to register an object with the factory, it is sufcient to declare a specialization of this type with the type T, which the wrapper creates, and the string Tname, which is the name the factory uses for the lookup. By convention, Tname should be an actual type name. Summary
class ovm_component_registry#(type T, string Tname) extends ovm_object_wrapper; function ovm_component create_component (string name, ovm_component parent); virtual function string get_type_name(); endclass

File base/ovm_registry.svh Virtual No Members None

90

Methods create_component
function ovm_component create_component (string name, ovm_component parent)

Creates a component of type T. get_type_name

function string get_type_name()

Returns the value Tname.

91

ovm_object_registry #(type T, string Tname)

ovm_object_wrapper

ovm_object_registry #(type T, string Tname)

The ovm_object_registry provides a templatized wrapper. In order to register an object with the factory, it is sufcient to declare a specialization of this type with the type T, which the wrapper creates, and the string Tname, which is the name the factory uses for the lookup. By convention, Tname should be an actual type name. Summary
class ovm_object_registry#(type T, string Tname) extends ovm_object_wrapper; function ovm_object create_object (string name=""); virtual function string get_type_name(); endclass

File base/ovm_registry.svh Virtual No Members None

92

Methods create_object
function ovm_object create_object(string name="")

Creates an object of type T. get_type_name

function string get_type_name()

Returns the value Tname.

93

ovm_factory
ovm_void

ovm_object

ovm_factory

The ovm_factory is a class which implements a factory pattern. A singleton factory instance is created for a given simulation run. Class types are registered with the factory using the ovm_object_wrapper. Summary
class ovm_factory extends ovm_object; static function void auto_register (ovm_object_wrapper obj); static function ovm_object create_object (string create_type, string inst_path="", string name=""); static function ovm_component create_component (string lookup_str, string inst_path="", string name, ovm_component parent); static function void set_type_override (string create_type, string type_name, bit replace=1); static function void set_inst_override (string inst_path, string lookup_str, string type_name); static function void print_all_overrides (bit all_types=0); static function void print_override_info (string create_type, string inst_path="", string inst_name=""); endclass

94

File base/ovm_factory.svh Virtual No Members None Methods auto_register

static function void auto_register(ovm_object_wrapper obj)

Registers a proxy object with the factory. The type of object that the wrapper is able to create is dened by the get_type_name() method. The object can either create a component, or it can create a data object. create_component
static function ovm_component create_component(string create_type, string inst_path="", string name="", ovm_component parent)

Uses the factory to generate a component of type create_type. The generated component will be create_type, or a derivative type if an override is in effect. A null object will be returned if the factory does not have a component registered with the string identier create_type. inst_path is an optional hierarchical anchor for the object being created. This path is used in conjunction with name to search for instance overrides. name is an optional leaf name for the object. The full name of the object is {inst_path, ., name}.

95

The factory uses instance overrides rst, if name and inst_path are not empty. If no instance override exists for the full name of the object, then the factory searches for a type override on create_type. Note: A simplied version of create_component is available in ovm_component when a child component is being created. create_object
static function ovm_object create_object(string create_type, string inst_path="", string name="")

Uses the factory to generate an object of type create_type. The generated object will be create_type, or a derivative type if an override is in effect. A null object will be returned if the factory does not have an object registered with the string identier create_type. inst_path is an optional hierarchical anchor for the object being created. This path is used in conjunction with name to search for instance overrides. name is an optional leaf name for the object. The full name of the object is {inst_path, ., name}. The factory uses instances overrides rst, if name and inst_path are not empty. If no instance override exists for the full name of the object then the factory searches for a type override on create_type. Note: A simplied version of create_object is available in ovm_component when an object is being created inside of a component. print_all_overrides
static function void print_all_overrrides(bit all_types=0)

This debug method prints all of the overrides that the factory knows about. By default, it prints only information on types which have overrides. If the all_types bit is set, the method will print all types that are registered with the factory, whether or not an override exists. print_override_info
static function void print_override_info (string create_type,
96

string inst_path="", string name="")

This debug method takes the same set of arguments as create_object or create_component (except the parent argument which does not effect the override). However, instead of generating a component, it provides information about what type of component it would create. All overrides which apply to the input arguments are listed in their order of precedence. set_inst_override
static function void set_type_override (string inst_path, string create_type, string type_name)

Places an instance specic override in the instance override queue. inst_path is the instance name to override and create_type is the type of object expected to be created at that instance. type_name is the actual type that is created when the factory is asked to create an object or component at inst_path of type create_type. The instance path may include wildcards (* and ?). When the factory processes instance overrides, the instance queue is processed in order of the override call. Thus, more specic overrides should be set in place rst, followed by more general overrides. This way, the general override will not override the specic override. set_type_override
static function void set_type_override(string create_type, string type_name, bit replace=1)

Places a type-wide override into the factory. When a type override is put in place, the factory will generate the type given by type_name when you attempt to create and object or component of type create_type. If a type override already exists, the new override will take effect if the replace bit is set; otherwise the previous override will remain in place.

97

Synchronization
ovm_event
ovm_object

ovm_event

The ovm_event class is a wrapper class around a traditional Verilog event. The ovm_event provides some services on top of a traditional verilog event, such as setting callbacks on the event. Note: Because of the extra overhead associated with an ovm_event object, these objects should be used sparingly, and should be used only in those places where traditional Verilog events are not sufcient. Summary
class ovm_event extends ovm_object; function new (string name=""); // waiting virtual task wait_on (bit delta=0); virtual task wait_off (bit delta=0); virtual task wait_trigger (); virtual task wait_ptrigger (); virtual task wait_trigger_data (output ovm_object data); extern virtual task wait_ptrigger_data(output ovm_object data); // triggering virtual function void trigger (ovm_object data=null); virtual function ovm_object get_trigger_data (); virtual function time get_trigger_time (); // state virtual function bit is_on ();
98

virtual function bit is_off (); virtual function void reset (bit wakeup=0); // callbacks virtual function void add_callback (ovm_event_callback cb, bit append=1); virtual function void delete_callback (ovm_event_callback cb); // waiters list virtual function void cancel (); virtual function int get_num_waiters (); endclass

File base/ovm_event.svh Virtual No Members None Methods new

function new (name)

Creates a new event object. add_callback

virtual function void add_callback (ovm_event_callback cb, bit append=1)

Adds a callback to the event. Callbacks have a pre_trigger() and post_trigger() function. If append is set to 1, which is the default, then the callback is added to the back of the callback list. Otherwise the callback is put in the front of the callback list.
99

cancel
virtual function void cancel ()

Decrements the number of waiters on the event. This is used if a process that is waiting on an event is disabled or activated by some other means. delete_callback
virtual function void delete_callback (ovm_event_callback cb)

Removes a callback from the event. get_num_waiters

virtual function int get_num_waiters ()

Returns the number of processes waiting on the event. get_trigger_data

virtual function ovm_object get_trigger_data ()

Gets the data, if any, associated with the last trigger event. get_trigger_time
virtual function time get_trigger_time ()

Gets the time that this event was last triggered. If the event has not been triggered, or the event has been reset, the trigger time will be 0. is_on
virtual function bit is_on ()

Indicates whether the event has been triggered since it was last reset. A return of 1 indicates that the event has triggered. is_off
virtual function bit is_off ()

Indicates whether the event has been triggered since it was last reset. A return of 1 indicates that the event has not been triggered.
100

reset
virtual function void reset (bit wakeup=0)

Resets the event to its off state. If wake-up is set, then all processes waiting for the event at the time of the reset are activated before the event is reset. No callbacks are called during a reset. trigger
virtual function void trigger (ovm_object data=null)

Triggers the event. This causes all processes waiting on the event to be enabled. An optional data argument can be supplied with the enable to provide trigger-specic information. wait_on
virtual task wait_on (bit delta=0)

Waits for the event to be activated for the rst time. If the event has already been triggered, then this task immediately returns (if the delta bit is set, it will cause a #0 delay to be consumed before returning). Once an event has been triggered, this task will always return immediately unless the event is reset. wait_off
virtual task wait_off (bit delta=0)

Waits for the event to be reset if it has already triggered. If the event has not already been triggered, then this task immediately returns (the delta bit will cause a #0 delay to be consumed before returning). wait_ptrigger
virtual task wait_ptrigger ()

Waits for the event to be triggered. Unlike wait_trigger, wait_ptrigger() views the event as persistent within a time-slice. Thus, if the waiter happens after the trigger, the waiter will still see the event trigger during the current time-slice.

101

wait_ptrigger_data
virtual task wait_ptrigger_data (output ovm_object data)

This method is a wrapper for calling wait_ptrigger immediately followed by get_trigger_data. wait_trigger
virtual task wait_trigger ()

Waits for the event to be triggered. If one process calls wait_trigger() and another process calls trigger() in the same delta cycle, a race condition occurs and there is no guarantee whether or not the waiter will see the trigger. wait_trigger_data
virtual task wait_trigger_data (output ovm_object data)

This method is a wrapper for calling wait_trigger immediately followed by get_trigger_data.

102

ovm_event_pool
ovm_object

ovm_event_pool

The ovm_event_pool is essentially an associative array of ovm_event objects which is indexed by the string name of the event. Summary
class ovm_event_pool extends ovm_object; function new (string name=""); // Pool and event access static function ovm_event_pool get_global_pool (); virtual function ovm_event get (string name); // Iterators virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function endclass

int num (); void delete (string name); int exists (string name); int first (ref string name); int last (ref string name); int next (ref string name); int prev (ref string name);

File base/ovm_event.svh Virtual No

103

Members None Methods new

function new (name)

Creates a new event pool. delete

virtual function void delete (string name)

Removes the event name from the pool. exists

virtual function bit exists (ref string name)

Checks if the event name exists in the pool. A return of 1 indicates that name is in the pool and 0 indicates that name is not in the pool. rst
virtual function int first (ref string name)

Places the rst event name from the pool into the variable name. If the pool is empty, then name is unchanged and 0 is returned. If the pool is not empty, then name gets the value of the rst element and 1 is returned. get
virtual function ovm_event get (string name)

Returns the event with the name specied by name. If no events exist with the given name, then a new event is created and returned. get_global_pool
static function ovm_event_pool get_global_pool ()
104

Accesses the singleton global event pool. This allows events to be shared amongst components throughout the verication environment. last
virtual function int last (ref string name)

Returns the name of the last event in the pool. If the pool is empty, then 0 is returned and name is unchanged. the pool is not empty, then name is set to the last name in the pool and 1 is returned. num
virtual function int num ()

Returns the number of events in the pool. next

virtual function int next (ref string name)

Uses the current value of name to nd the next event name in the pool. If the input name is the last name in the pool, then name is unchanged and 0 is returned. If a next name is found, then name is replaced with the next name and 1 is returned. prev
virtual function int prev (ref string name)

Uses the current value of name to nd the previous event name in the pool. If the input name is the rst name in the pool, then name is unchanged and 0 is returned. If a previous name is found, then name is replaced with the previous name and 1 is returned.

105

ovm_event_callback
ovm_object

ovm_event_callback

The ovm_event_callback class is an abstract class that is used to create callback objects which may be attached to events. Callbacks are an alternative to using processes to wait on events. When a callback is attached to an event, that callback objects callback function is called each time the event is triggered. Summary
virtual class ovm_event_callback extends ovm_object; function new (string name=""); virtual function bit pre_trigger (ovm_event e, ovm_object data=null); virtual function void post_trigger (ovm_event e, ovm_object data=null); endclass

File base/ovm_event.svh Virtual Yes Members None

106

Methods new
function new (name)

Creates a new callback object. pre_trigger

virtual function bit pre_trigger (ovm_event e, ovm_object data=null)

This function implements the pre_trigger functionality. If a callback return 1 then the event will not trigger its waiters. This provides a way for a callback to override an event action. In the function, e is the ovm_event that is being triggered, and data is the data, if any, associated with the event trigger. post_trigger
virtual function void post_trigger (ovm_event e, ovm_object data=null)

This function implements the post_trigger functionality. In the function, e is the ovm_event that is being triggered, and data is the data, if any, associated with the event trigger.

107

ovm_barrier
ovm_object

ovm_barrier

The ovm_barrier class provides a multi process synchronization mechanism. The ovm_barrier class enables a set of processes to block until the desired number of processes get to the synchronization point, at which time all of the processes are released. Summary
class ovm_barrier extends ovm_object; function new (string name=""); // waiting virtual task wait_for (); virtual function void reset (bit wakeup=1); virtual function void set_auto_reset (bit value=1); virtual function void set_threshold (int threshold); virtual function int get_threshold (); virtual function int get_num_waiters (); virtual function void cancel (); endclass

File base/ovm_event.svh Virtual No

108

Members None Methods new

function new (name)

Creates a new barrier object. cancel

virtual function void cancel ()

Decrements the waiter count by one. This is used when a process that is waiting on the barrier is killed or activated using some other means. get_num_waiters
virtual function int get_num_waiters ()

Returns the number of processes currently waiting at the barrier. get_threshold

virtual function int get_threshold ()

Gets the current threshold setting for the barrier. reset

virtual function void reset (bit wakeup=1)

Resets the barrier. This sets the waiter count back to zero. The threshold is unchanged. After reset, the barrier will force processes to wait for the threshold again. If the wake-up bit is set, then currently waiting processes will be activated. set_auto_reset
virtual function void set_auto_reset (bit value=1)

109

Determines if the barrier should reset itself when the threshold is reached. The default is on, so when a barrier hits its threshold it will reset, and new processes will block until the threshold is reached again. If auto reset is off, then once the threshold is achieved, new processes pass through without being blocked, until the barrier is reset. set_threshold
virtual function void set_threshold (int threshold)

Sets the process threshold. This determines how many processes must be waiting on the barrier before the processes may proceed. Once the threshold is reached, all waiting processes are activated. If the threshold is set to a value less than the number of waiting processes, then the barrier is reset and waiting processes are activated. wait_for
virtual task wait_for ()

Waits for enough processes to reach the barrier before continuing. The number of processes to wait for is set by the set_threshold() method.

110

ovm_barrier_pool
ovm_object

ovm_barrier_pool

The ovm_barrier_pool is essentially an associative array of ovm_barrier objects which is indexed by the string name of the barrier. Summary
class ovm_barrier_pool extends ovm_object; function new (string name=""); // Pool and barrier access static function ovm_barrier_pool get_global_pool (); virtual function ovm_barrier get (string name); // Iterators virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function virtual function endclass

int num (); void delete (string name); int exists (string name); int first (ref string name); int last (ref string name); int next (ref string name); int prev (ref string name);

File base/ovm_event.svh

111

Virtual No Members None Methods new

function new (name)

Creates a new barrier pool. delete

virtual function void delete (string name)

Removes the barrier name from the pool. exists

virtual function bit exists (ref string name)

Checks if the barrier name exists in the pool. A return of 1 indicates that name is in the pool and 0 indicates that name is not in the pool. rst
virtual function int first (ref string name)

Places the rst barrier name from the pool into the variable name. If the pool is empty, then name is unchanged and 0 is returned. If the pool is not empty, then name gets the value of the rst element and 1 is returned. get
virtual function ovm_barrier get (string name)

Returns the barrier with the name specied by name.

112

If no barriers exist with the given name, then a new barrier is created and returned. get_global_pool
static function ovm_barrier_pool get_global_pool ()

Accesses the singleton global barrier pool. This allows events to be shared amongst components throughout the verication environment. last
virtual function int last (ref string name)

Returns the name of the last barrier in the pool. If the pool is empty, then 0 is returned and name is unchanged. Otherwise, name is set to the last name in the pool and 1 is returned. num
virtual function int num ()

Returns the number of barriers in the pool. next

virtual function int next (ref string name)

Uses the current value of name to nd the next barrier name in the pool. If the input name is the last name in the pool, then name is unchanged and 0 is returned. If a next name is found, then name is replaced with the next name and 1 is returned. prev
virtual function int prev (ref string name)

Uses the current value of name to nd the previous barrier name in the pool. If the input name is the rst name in the pool, then name is unchanged and 0 is returned. If a previous name is found, then name is replaced with the previous name and 1 is returned.

113

Policies
ovm_comparer
ovm_comparer

The ovm_comparer class provides a policy object for doing comparisons. The policies determine how miscompares are treated and how they are counted. Results of a comparison are stored in the comparer object. Summary
class ovm_comparer; // Comparison message settings int unsigned show_max = 1; int unsigned verbosity = 500; severity sev = OVM_INFO; string miscompares = ""; // Comparison settings bit physical = 1; bit abstract = 1; bit check_type = 1; recursion_policy_enum policy = OVM_DEFAULT_POLICY; // Result of comparison int unsigned result = 0; // Methods used checking for printing information virtual function bit compare_field (string name, ovm_bitstream_t lhs, ovm_bitstream_t rhs, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX); virtual function bit compare_field_int (string name, logic[63:0] lhs,

114

logic[63:0] rhs, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX); virtual function bit compare_object (string name, ovm_void lhs, ovm_void rhs); virtual function bit compare_string (string name, string lhs, string rhs); function void print_msg (string msg); endclass

File base/ovm_object.svh Virtual No Members

bit abstract = 1

This bit provides a ltering mechanism for elds. The abstract and physical settings allow an object to distinguish between two different classes of elds. It is up to you, in the ovm_object::do_compare() routine, to test the setting of this eld if they want to use it as a lter.
bit check_type = 1

This bit determines whether the type, given by ovm_object::get_type_name(), is used to verify that the types of two objects are the same. This bit is used by the compare_object() method. In some cases it is useful to set this to 0 when it is legitimate for one side, for example the rhs, to contain a derivative of the other side (the lhs).
int unsigned result = 0;

This bit stores the number of miscompares for a given compare operation. You can use the result to determine the number of miscompares that were found.
string miscompares =
115

This string is reset to an empty string when a comparison is started. The string holds the last set of miscompares that occurred during a comparison.
bit physical = 1

This bit provides a ltering mechanism for elds. The abstract and physical settings allow an object to distinguish between two different classes of elds. It is up to you, in the ovm_object::do_compare() routine, to test the setting of this eld if they want to use it as a lter.
severity sev = OVM_INFO

Sets the severity for printed messages. The severity setting is used by the messaging mechanism for printing and ltering messages.
int unsigned show_max = 1

Sets the maximum number of messages to send to the messager for miscompares of an object. All miscompares are stored into the miscompares string.
int verbosity = 500

Sets the verbosity for printed messages. The verbosity setting is used by the messaging mechanism to determine whether messages should be suppressed or shown. Methods compare_eld
virtual function bit compare_field (string name, ovm_bitstream_t lhs, ovm_bitstream_t rhs, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX)

Compares two integral values. The name input is used for purposes of storing and printing a mis-compare. The left-hand-side (lhs) and right-hand-side (rhs) objects are the two objects used for comparison.
116

The size variable indicates the number of bits to compare; size must be less than or equal to 4096. The radix is used for reporting purposes, the default radix is hex. compare_eld_int
virtual function bit compare_field (string name, logic [31:0] lhs, logic [31:0] rhs, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX)

This method is the same as compare_field except that the arguments are small integers, less than or equal to 64 bits. compare_object
virtual function bit compare_object (string name, ovm_void lhs, ovm_void rhs)

Compares two class objects using the policy value to determine whether the comparison should be deep, shallow, or reference. The name input is used for purposes of storing and printing a mis-compare. The lhs and rhs objects are the two objects used for comparison. The check_type bit is used to determine whether or not to verify the object types match (the return from lhs.get_type_name() matches rhs.get_type_name()). compare_string
virtual function bit compare_string (string name, string lhs, string rhs)

Compares two string variables. The name input is used for purposes of storing and printing a mis-compare. The lhs and rhs objects are the two objects used for comparison.

117

print_msg
function void print_msg (string msg)

Causes the error count to be incremented and the message, msg, to be appended to the miscompares string (a newline is used to separate messages). If the message count is less than the show_max setting, then the message is printed to standard-out using the current verbosity and severity settings. See the verbosity and severity variables for more information.

118

ovm_packer
ovm_packer

The ovm_packer class provides a policy object for packing and unpacking ovm_objects. The policies determine how packing and unpacking should be done. Packing an object causes the object to be placed into a bit (byte or int) array. By default, no metadata information is stored for the packing of dynamic objects (strings, arrays, class objects). Therefore, and in general, it is not possible to automatically unpack into an object which contains dynamic data (Note that this is only a concern when using the eld macros to automate packing and unpacking). Summary
class ovm_packer; bit use_metadata = 0; bit big_endian = 1; bit physical = 1; bit abstract = 0; recursion_policy_enum policy = OVM_DEFAULT_POLICY; virtual function void pack_field_int (logic[63:0] value, int size); virtual function void pack_field (ovm_bitstream_t value, int size); virtual function void pack_string (string value); virtual function void pack_time (time value); virtual function void pack_real (real value); virtual function void pack_object (ovm_void value); virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual function function function function function function function bit is_null (); logic[63:0] unpack_field_int (int size); ovm_bitstream_t unpack_field (int size); string unpack_string (int num_chars=-1); time unpack_time (); real unpack_real (); void unpack_object (ovm_void value);

virtual function int get_packed_size(); endclass

119

File base/ovm_packer.svh Virtual No Members

bit abstract = 1

This bit provides a ltering mechanism for elds. The abstract and physical settings allow an object to distinguish between two different classes of elds. It is up to you, in the ovm_object::do_pack() and ovm_object::do_unpack() routines, to test the setting of this eld if you want to use it as a lter.
bit big_endian = 1

This bit determines the order that integral data is packed (using pack_field, pack_field_int, pack_time, or pack_real) and how the data is unpacked from the pack array (using unpack_field, unpack_field_int, unpack_time, or unpack_real). When the bit is set, data is associated msb to lsb; otherwise it is associated lsb to msb. The following code illustrates how data can be associated msb to lsb and lsb to msb:
class mydata extends ovm_object; logic[15:0] value = h1234; function void do_pack (ovm_packer packer); packer.pack_field_int(value, 16); endfunction function void do_unpack (ovm_packer packer); value = packer.unpack_field_int(16); endfunction endclass mydata d = new; bit bits[]; initial begin d.pack(bits); // results in b0001001000110100 ovm_default_packer.big_endian = 0; d.pack(bits); // results in `b0010110001001000 end
120

bit physical = 1

This bit provides a ltering mechanism for elds. The abstract and physical settings allow an object to distinguish between two different classes of elds. It is up to you, in the ovm_object::do_pack() and ovm_object::do_unpack() routines, to test the setting of this eld if you want to use it as a lter.
bit use_metadata = 0

This ag is used to encode metadata into a packed stream, or to use metadata when unpacking a stream. Metadata affects dynamic objects in the following ways:

Strings encode a null byte after the string is packed. Objects encode a four bit value to indicate the existence of object information (where 0 indicates that a null object was packed). Queues and dynamic arrays encode the number of elements in the array when using the `ovm_field_array macros to automatic packing and unpacking of the array.

By default, metadata is not used. It is necessary for automated extraction (unpacking) of data which contain dynamic elds. However, the use of metadata makes many packing use models difcult (when packing is used to serialize an object onto a bus, for example). Methods get_packed_size
virtual function int get_packed_size ()

This method returns an int value that represents the number of bits that were packed. is_null
virtual function bit is_null ()

This method is used during unpack operations to peek at the next 4-bit chunk of the pack data and determine if it is 0. If the next four bits are all 0, then the return value is a 1; otherwise it is 0. This is useful when unpacking objects, to decide whether a new object needs to be allocated or not.

121

pack_eld
virtual function void pack_field (ovm_bitstream_t value, int size)

Packs an integral eld (less than or equal to 4096 bits) into the pack array. value is the value of the eld to pack. size is the number of bits to pack. pack_eld_int
virtual function void pack_field_int (logic[63:0] value, int size)

Packs an integral eld (less than or equal to 64 bits) into the pack array. value is the value of the eld to pack. size is the number of bits to pack. This specialized version of pack_field() provides a higher performance mechanism for packing small vectors. pack_string
virtual function void pack_string (string value)

Packs a string eld into the pack array. value is the value of the eld to pack. A 32-bit header is inserted ahead of the string to indicate the size of the string that was packed. This is useful for mixed language communication where unpacking may occur outside of SystemVerilog OVM. pack_object
virtual function void pack_object (ovm_object value)

Packs an object eld into the pack array. value is the value of the eld to pack. A 4-bit header is inserted ahead of the string to indicate the number of bits that was packed. If a null object was packed, then this header will be 0. This is useful for mixed language communication where unpacking may occur outside of SystemVerilog OVM.

122

pack_real
virtual function void pack_real (real value)

Packs a real value as 64 bits into the pack array. value is the value of the eld to pack. The real value is converted to a 6-bit scalar value using the function $real2bits before it is packed into the array. pack_time
virtual function void pack_time (time value)

Packs a time value as 64 bits into the pack array. value is the value of the eld to pack. unpack_eld
virtual function ovm_bitstream_t unpack_field (int size)

Unpacks bits from the pack array and returns the bit-stream that was unpacked. size is the number of bits to unpack; the maximum is 4096 bits. unpack_eld_int
virtual function logic[63:0] unpack_field_int (int size)

Unpacks bits from the pack array and returns the bit-stream that was unpacked. size is the number of bits to unpack; the maximum is 64 bits. This is a more efcient variant than unpack_field when unpacking into smaller vectors. unpack_string
virtual function string unpack_string ()

Unpacks a string. The rst 32 bits are used to determine the number of characters that the packed string contains. If the rst 32 bits are 0, then an empty string is returned. unpack_object
virtual function void unpack_object (ovm_void value)
123

Unpacks an object and stores the result into value. value must be an allocated object that has enough space for the data being unpacked. The rst four bits of packed data are used to determine if a null object was packed into the array. The is_null() function can be used by you to peek at the next four bits in the pack array before calling unpack_object. unpack_real
virtual function real unpack_real ()

Unpacks the next 64 bits of the pack array and places them into a real variable. The 64 bits of packed data are converted to a real using the $bits2real system function. unpack_time
virtual function value unpack_time ()

Unpacks the next 64 bits of the pack array and places them into a time variable.

124

ovm_recorder
ovm_recorder

The ovm_recorder class provides a policy object for recording ovm_objects. The policies determine how recording should be done. A default recorder instance, default_recorder, is provided so the ovm_object::record() may be called without specifying a recorder. Summary
class ovm_recorder; integer tr_handle = 0; radix_enum default_radix = OVM_HEX; bit physical = 1; bit abstract = 1; bit identifier = 1; recursion_policy_enum policy = OVM_DEFAULT_POLICY; virtual function void record_field (string name, ovm_bitstream_t value, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX); virtual function void record_object (string name, ovm_void value); virtual function void record_string (string name, string value); virtual function void record_time (string name, time value); endclass

File base/ovm_object.svh Virtual No

125

Members
bit abstract = 1

This bit provides a ltering mechanism for elds. The abstract and physical settings allow an object to distinguish between two different classes of elds. It is up to you, in the ovm_object::do_pack() and ovm_object::do_unpack() routines, to test the setting of this eld if they want to use it as a lter.
radix_enum default_radix = OVM_HEX

This is the default radix setting if record_field() is called without a radix.

bit identifier = 1

This bit is used to specify whether or not an objects reference should be recorded when the object is recorded.
bit physical = 1

This bit provides a ltering mechanism for elds. The abstract and physical settings allow an object to distinguish between two different classes of elds. It is up to you, in the ovm_object::do_pack() and ovm_object::do_unpack() routines, to test the setting of this eld if you want to use it as a lter.
recursion_policy_enum policy = OVM_DEFAULT_POLICY

Sets the recursion policy for recording objects. The default policy is deep (which means to recurse an object).
integer tr_handle = 0

This is an integral handle to a transaction object. Its use is vendor specic. A handle of 0 indicates there is no active transaction object. Methods new record_eld
virtual function void record_field (string name, ovm_bitstream_t value, int size,
126

radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX)

Records an integral eld (less than or equal to 4096 bits). name is the name of the eld. value is the value of the eld to record. size is the number of bits of the eld which apply. radix is the radix to use for recording. record_string
virtual function void record_string (string name, string value)

Records a string. value is the value of the eld to record. record_object

virtual function void record_object (string name, ovm_void value)

Record an object eld. name is the name of the eld. This method uses the recursion policy to determine whether or not to recurse into the object when it records. record_time
virtual function void record_time (string name, time value)

Records a time value. name is the name of the eld.

127

ovm_printer

ovm_printer

ovm_table_printer

ovm_tree_printer

ovm_line_printer

The ovm_printer class provides a policy object for printing ovm_objects in various formats. A user dened printer format can be created, or one of the following four built in printers can be used:
s s s s

The generic ovm_printer provides a raw, essentially un-formatted, dump of the object. The table printer prints the object in a tabular form. The tree printer prints the object in a tree form. The line printer prints the information on a single line, but uses the same object separators as the tree printer.

Printers have knobs that you use to control the various settings. These knobs are contained in separate knob classes. The following set of default printers are instantiated at time 0:
s s s s

ovm_default_printer (set to the default_table_printer) ovm_default_tree_printer ovm_default_line_printer ovm_default_table_printer

128

Summary
class ovm_printer; ovm_printer_knobs knobs = new; // Primary user level functions called from ovm_object::do_print() virtual function void print_field (string name, ovm_bitstream_t value, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX, byte scope_separator=".", string type_name=""); virtual function void print_object_header (string name, ovm_object value, byte scope_separator="."); print_object (string name, ovm_object value, byte scope_separator="."); print_string (string name, string value, byte scope_separator="."); print_time (string name, time value, byte scope_separator="."); print_generic (string name, string type_name, int size, string value, byte scope_separator=".");

virtual function void

virtual function void

virtual function void

virtual function void

virtual function void print_array_header (string name, int size, string arraytype="array", byte scope_separator="."); virtual function void print_array_range (int min, int max); virtual function void print_array_footer (int size=0); // Primary derived class overrides for creating new printers. virtual function void print_header (); virtual function void print_footer ();

129

virtual protected function void print_id (string id, byte scope_separator="."); virtual protected function void print_type_name (string name, bit is_object=0); virtual protected function void print_size (int size=-1); virtual protected function void print_newline (bit do_global_indent=1); virtual protected function void print_value (ovm_bitstream_t value, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX); virtual protected function void print_value_object (ovm_object value); virtual protected function void print_value_string (string value); virtual protected function void print_value_array (string value="", int size=0); endclass

Note: The derived printer classes (ovm_tree_printer, ovm_line_printer, and ovm_table_printer) do not add any new user level APIs. However, they do add new knobs, but the visible API of printing is the same for all printers. File base/ovm_printer.svh Virtual No Members
ovm_printer_knobs knobs = new

The knob object provides access to the variety of knobs associated with a specic printer instance. Each derivative printer class overloads the knobs variable with the specic knob class that applies to that printer. In this way, you always have direct access to the knobs by way of the knobs variable.

130

Global Variables ovm_default_line_printer

ovm_line_printer default_line_printer = new

The line printer is a singleton object that can be used with ovm_object::do_print() to get single-line style printing. ovm_default_tree_printer
ovm_tree_printer default_tree_printer = new

The tree printer is a singleton object that can be used with ovm_object::do_print() to get multi-line tree style printing. ovm_default_table_printer
ovm_table_printer default_table_printer = new

The table printer is a singleton object that can be used with ovm_object::do_print() to get tabular style printing. ovm_default_printer
ovm_printer default_printer = default_table_printer

The default printer is a singleton object that is used by ovm_object::print() or ovm_object::sprint() when no specic printer is set. The default printer may be set to any legal ovm_printer derived type. Methods print_array_header
virtual function void print_array_header (string name, int size, string arraytype="array", byte scope_separator=".")

Prints the header of an array. This function is called before each individual element is printed. print_array_footer() is called to mark the completion of array printing.

131

print_array_footer
virtual function void print_array_footer (int size=0)

Prints the header of a footer. This function marks the end of an array print. Generally, there is no output associated with the array footer, but this method lets the printer know that the array printing is complete. print_array_range
virtual function void print_array_range (int min, int max)

Prints a range using ellipses for values. This method is used when honoring the array knobs for partial printing of large arrays. This function should be called after the start elements have been printed and before the end elements have been printed. print_eld
virtual function void print_field (string name, ovm_bitstream_t value, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX, byte scope_separator=".", string typename="")

Prints an integral eld. name is the name of the eld. value is the value of the eld. size is the number of bits of the eld (maximum is 4096). radix is the radix to use for printingthe printer knob for radix is used if no radix is specied. scope_separator is used to nd the leaf name since many printers only print the leaf name of a eld. Typical values for the separator are . (dot) or [ (open bracket). print_generic
virtual function void print_generic (string name, string type_name, int size, string value, byte scope_separator=".")
132

Prints a generic value. The value is specied as a string and the type name is supplied. print_footer
virtual protected function void print_footer ()

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print footer information. The method is called when the current depth is 0, after all elds have been printed. print_header
virtual protected function void print_header ()

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print header information. The method is called when the current depth is 0, before any elds have been printed. print_id
virtual protected function void print_id (string name, byte separator=".")

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print a elds name. The intent of the separator is to mark where the leaf name starts if the printer only prints the leaf name of the identier. This function is called with a fully qualied name for the eld. print_newline
virtual protected function void print_newline (bit do_global_indent=1)

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to indicate a new line. It is up to the printer to determine how to display new lines. The do_global_indent bit indicates whether or not the call to print_newline() should honor the indent knob. print_object
virtual function void print_object (string name, ovm_object value, byte scope_separator=".")

133

Prints an object. Whether the object is recursed depends on a variety of knobs, such as the depth knob; if the current depth is at or below the depth setting then the object is not recursed. Note: By default, the children of ovm_components are printed. To turn this behavior off, you must set the ovm_component::print_enabled bit to 0 for the specic children you do not want automatically printed. print_object_header
virtual function void print_object_header (string name, ovm_object value, byte scope_separator=".")

Prints the header of an object. This function is called when an object is printed by reference. For this function, the object will not be recursed. print_size
virtual protected function void print_size (int size=-1)

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print a elds size. A size value of -1 indicates that no size is available. print_string
virtual function void print_string (string name, string value, byte scope_separator=".")

Prints a string eld. print_time

virtual function void print_time (string name, time value, byte scope_separator=".")

Prints a time value. name is the name of the eld and value is the value to print. The print is subject to the $timeformat system task for formatting time values.

134

print_type_name
virtual protected function void print_type_name (string name, bit is_object=0)

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print a elds type. The is_object bit indicates that the item being printed is a ovm_object derived type. print_value
virtual protected function void print_value (ovm_bitstream_t value, int size, radix_enum radix=OVM_NORADIX)

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print an integral elds value. The value vector is up to 4096 bits, so the size input indicates the number of bits to actually print. The radix input is the radix that should be used for printing the value. print_value_array
virtual protected function void print_value_array (string value, int size)

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print an arrays value. This only prints the header value of the array, which means that it implements the printer specic print_array_header(). value is the value to be printed for the array. value is generally the string representation of size, but it may be any string. size is the number of elements in the array. print_value_object
virtual protected function void print_value_object (ovm_object value)

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print a unique identier associated with an object. print_value_string
virtual protected function void print_value_string (string value)

When creating a new printer type, this method is used to print a string elds value.
135

Optional Macros `print_aa_int_object2

`print_aa_int_object2 (field, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of ovm_object types with an int key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. `print_aa_int_key4
`print_aa_int_key (key_type, field, radix, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of integral types with an arbitrary key type. key_type is the type of the indexing variable for the array. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. radix is the radix to use for each element. printer is the printer to use. `print_aa_string_int3
`print_aa_string_int3 (field, radix, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of integral types with a string key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. radix is the radix to use for the elements. printer is the printer to use. `print_aa_string_object2
`print_aa_string_object2 (field, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of ovm_object types with a string key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use.

136

`print_aa_string_string2
`print_aa_string_string2 (field, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of string types with a string key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. `print_object_qda3
`print_string_qda3 (field, printer, arraytype)

This macro implements array printing for an ovm_object array type. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. arraytype is the type name to use when printing the array (no quotes are used). `print_qda_int4
`print_qda_int4 (field, radix, printer, arraytype)

This macro implements array printing for an integral array type. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. radix is the radix to use for the elements. printer is the printer to use. arraytype is the type name to use when printing the array (no quotes are used). `print_string_qda3
`print_string_qda3 (field, printer, arraytype)

This macro implements array printing for a string array type. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. arraytype is the type name to use when printing the array (no quotes are used).

137

Policy Knobs
ovm_printer_knobs
ovm_printer_knobs

ovm_hier_printer_knobs

ovm_table_printer_knobs

ovm_tree_printer_knobs

The ovm_printer_knobs classes provide you with formatting control over the various printers. Each printer has a knob object that can be set to modify how the printer formats information. All of the knobs are variables. Most of the knobs exist in the ovm_printer_knobs base class. The derivative classes provide extra controls that apply only to those printer types. Summary
class ovm_printer_knobs; int column = 0; int max_width = 999; string truncation = "+"; bit header = 1; bit footer = 1; int global_indent = 0; bit full_name = 1; bit identifier = 1; int depth = -1; bit reference = 1; bit type_name = 1; bit size = 1; radix_enum default_radix = OVM_HEX;

138

int begin_elements = 5; int end_elements = 5; bit show_radix = 1; int mcd = OVM_STDOUT; string string string string string bin_radix = "'b"; oct_radix = "'o"; dec_radix = "'d"; unsigned_radix = "'d"; hex_radix = "'h";

function string get_radix_str(radix_enum radix); endclass class ovm_hier_printer_knobs extends ovm_printer_knobs; string indent_str = ""; bit show_root = 0; endclass class ovm_table_printer_knobs extends ovm_hier_printer_knobs; int name_width = 25; int type_width = 20; int size_width = 5; int value_width = 20; endclass class ovm_tree_printer_knobs extends ovm_hier_printer_knobs; string separator = {}; endclass

File base/ovm_printer.svh Virtual No

139

Members ovm_printer_knobs
int begin_elements = 5;

This denes the number of elements at the head of a list that should be printed.
string bin_radix = 'b"

This string should be prepended to the value of an integral type when a radix of OVM_BIN is used for the radix of the integral object.
int column = 0

This is the column pointer, which is the current column that the printer is pointing to. This is useful for derivative printers where column information is important, such as the ovm_table_printer.
string dec_radix = 'd"

This string should be prepended to the value of an integral type when a radix of OVM_DEC is used for the radix of the integral object. Note: When a negative number is printed, the radix is not printed since only signed decimal values can print as negative.
radix_enum default_radix = OVM_HEX

This knob sets the default radix to use for integral values when a radix of OVM_NORADIX is supplied to the print_field() method.
int depth = -1

This knob indicates how deep to recurse when printing objects. A depth of -1 means to print everything.
int end_elements = 5;

This denes the number of elements at the end of a list that should be printed.
bit footer = 1

This bit indicates whether the print_footer() function should be called when an object is printed. If it is desired for a footer to be suppressed, then this bit should be set to 0.
bit full_name = 1

This bit indicates whether the printer should print the full name of an identier or just the leaf name when print_id() is called. The line, table, and, tree printers ignore this bit and always print only the leaf name.
140

int global_indent = 0

This is the number of columns of indentation to add whenever a newline is printed.

bit header = 1

This bit indicates whether the print_header() function should be called when an object is printed. If it is desired for a header to be suppressed, then this bit should be set to 0.
string hex_radix = 'b"

This string should be prepended to the value of an integral type when a radix of OVM_HEX is used for the radix of the integral object.
bit identifier = 1

This bit indicates whether the printer should print an identier when print_id() is called. This is useful in cases where you just want the values of an object, but no identiers.
int max_width = 999

This is the maximum column width to use for a printer. If the current column reaches the maximum width, nothing is printed until a newline is printed.
integer mcd = OVM_STDOUT

This is a le descriptor, or multi-channel descriptor, that species where the print output should be directed. By default, the output goes to the standard output of the simulator.
string oct_radix = 'o"

This string should be prepended to the value of an integral type when a radix of OVM_OCT is used for the radix of the integral object.
bit reference = 1

This bit indicates whether the printer should print a unique reference ID for an ovm_object type. The behavior of this knob is simulator dependent.
bit show_radix = 1;

Indicates whether the radix string ('h, and so on) should be pre-pended to an integral value when one is printed.
bit size = 1

This bit indicates whether the printer should print the size of the elds that it is printing.

141

In some cases, printing the size obscures important aspects of the data being printed, so this information can be turned off.
string truncation = +"

Used to dene the truncation character when a eld is too large for the output. For example, the table printer uses this character to truncate elds so that columns do not overow.
bit type_name = 1

This bit indicates whether the printer should print the type name of the elds that it is printing. In some cases, printing of the type_name obscures the important aspects of the data being printed, so this information can be turned off.
string unsigned_radix = 'd"

This is the string which should be prepended to the value of an integral type when a radix of OVM_UNSIGNED is used for the radix of the integral object. ovm_hier_printer_knobs
string indent_str = "

This knob species the string to use for indentations. By default, two spaces are used to indent each depth level. The string can be set to any string and the string will be replicated for the current depth when indentation is done.
bit show_root = 0

This setting indicates whether or not the initial object that is printed (when current depth is 0) prints the full path name. By default, the rst object is treated like all other objects and only the leaf name is printed. ovm_table_printer_knobs
int name_width = 25

This knob sets the width of the name column in the table. If this knob is set to 0, then the name column will not be printed.
int size_width = 5

This knob sets the width of the size column in the table. If this knob is set to 0, then the size column will not be printed.
int type_width = 20

142

This knob sets the width of the type column in the table. If this knob is set to 0, then the type column will not be printed.
int value_width = 20

This knob sets the width of the value column in the table. If this knob is set to 0, then the value column will not be printed. ovm_tree_printer_knobs
string separator = {}"

The separator string is a two character string. The rst character is printed when an object is traversed; it represents the start of the object value. The second character is printed after the last eld in the object has been printed; it represents the end of the object value. Methods get_radix_str
function string get_radix_str (radix_enum radix)

Converts the radix from an enumerated to a printable radix according to the radix printing knobs (bin_radix, and so on).

Printer Examples
The following examples show the output of a simple data object using the four styles of printer:
s s s s

Generic Line Tree Table

Example 1-1 on page 143 shows the output from a generic printer. Example 1-1 Generic Printer, ovm_printer
c1 (container)(@1013) c1.d1 (mydata)(@1022)

143

c1.d1.v1 (integral) (32) 'hcb8f1c97 c1.d1.e1 (enum) (32) THREE c1.d1.str (string) (2) hi c1.value (integral) (12) 'h2d

Example 1-2 on page 144 shows the output from a line printer. Example 1-2 Line Printer, ovm_line_printer
c1: (container@1013) { d1: (mydata@1022) { v1: 'hcb8f1c97 e1: THREE str: hi } value: 'h2d }

Example 1-3 on page 144 shows the output from a tree printer. Example 1-3 Tree Printer, ovm_tree_printer
c1: (container@1013) { d1: (mydata@1022) { v1: 'hcb8f1c97 e1: THREE str: hi value: 'h2d }

Example 1-4 on page 144 shows the output from a table printer. Example 1-4 Table Printer, ovm_table_printer
---------------------------------------------------------------------Name Type Size Value ---------------------------------------------------------------------c1 container @1013 d1 mydata @1022 v1 integral 32 'hcb8f1c97 e1 enum 32 THREE str string 2 hi value integral 12 'h2d ----------------------------------------------------------------------

144

TLM Interfaces
Figure 1-1 TLM Communication

<<interface>> tlm_if_base

ovm_component

IF ovm_port_base

IF ovm_connector_base

IF ovm_*_export

IF ovm_*_port

IF ovm_*_imp

The OVM TLM library denes several abstract, transaction-level interfaces. Each TLM interface consists of one or more methods used to transport data. TLM species the required behavior (semantic) of each method, but does not dene their implementation. Classes inheriting a TLM interface must provide an implementation that meets the specied semantic.

145

tlm_if_base
#(type T1=int, type T2=int) extends ovm_report_object

Summary
virtual class tlm_if_base #(type T1=int, type T2=int) extends ovm_report_object; virtual task put( input T t ); virtual task get( output T t ); virtual task peek( output T t ); virtual function bit try_put( input T t ); virtual function bit can_put(); virtual function bit try_get( output T t ); virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual virtual endclass function bit can_get(); function bit try_peek( output T t ); function bit can_peek(); task transport( input REQ req , output RSP rsp ); function bit nb_transport(input REQ req,output RSP rsp); function void write( input T t );

Virtual Yes Members None Methods put

virtual task put (T t)

Sends a user-dened transaction of type T. Components implementing the interface will block the calling thread if it cannot immediately accept delivery of the transaction.

146

get
virtual task get (output T t)

Provides a new transaction of type T. The calling thread is blocked if the requested transaction cannot be provided immediately. The new transaction is returned in the provided output argument. The implementation of get must regard the transaction as consumed. Subsequent calls to get must return a different transaction instance. peek
virtual task peek (output T t)

Obtain a new transaction without consuming it. If a transaction is available, then it is written to the provided output argument. If a transaction is not available, then the calling thread is blocked until one is available. The returned transaction is not consumed. A subsequent peek or get will return the same transaction. try_put
virtual function bit try_put (T t)

Sends a transaction of type T, if possible. If the component is ready to accept the transaction argument, then it does so and returns 1, otherwise it returns 0. can_put
virtual function bit can_put()

Returns 1 if the component is ready to accept the transaction; 0 otherwise. try_get

virtual function bit try_get(output T t)

Provides a new transaction of type T. If a transaction is immediately available, then it is written to the provided output argument and 1 is returned. Otherwise, the output argument is not modied and 0 is returned.

147

can_get
virtual function bit can_get()

Returns 1 if a new transaction can be provided immediately upon request, 0 otherwise. try_peek
virtual function bit try_peek(output T t)

Provides a new transaction without consuming it. If available, a transaction is written to the output argument and 1 is returned. A subsequent peek or get will return the same transaction. If a transaction is not available, then the argument is unmodied and 0 is returned. can_peek
virtual function bit can_peek()

Returns 1 if a new transaction is available; 0 otherwise. transport

virtual task transport (input REQ request, output RSP response)

Sends a transaction request for immediate execution. A response is provided in the output argument upon return. The calling thread may block until the response is provided. nb_transport
virtual function bit nb_transport (input REQ request, output REQ response);

Sends a transaction request for immediate execution. Execution must occur without blockingfor example, no waits and no simulation time passes. The response is provided in the output argument. If for any reason the request could not be delivered immediately, then a 0 must be returned; otherwise 1. write
virtual function write (T t)

Broadcasts a user-dened transaction of type T to any number of listeners. The calling thread must not be blocked.

148

Classes for Connectors

These methods are grouped into a basic set of connection interfaces that either require (ports) or provide (exports) a subset of those methods. Connectors are the ports and exports used to form transaction-level connections between components or between components and channels. A set of combined interfaces made from the basic interfaces allow you to express different levels of abstraction. The various forms of the put, get, and peek interfaces are used at one end of a uni-directional channel. They may be paired to form either a master or slave end of a bi-directional channel. The transport interface is used for a bi-directional channel where requests and responses are linked together in a non-pipelined fashion. An analysis interface is used by a component such as a monitor to publish a transaction to zero, one, or more subscribers. Typically, it will be used inside a monitor to publish a transaction observed on a bus to scoreboards and coverage objects.

149

150

Uni-Directional interfaces
class ovm_uni-if_export #( type T = int ) extends ovm_port_base #( tlm_if_base #(T,T) ); class ovm_uni-if_port #( type T = int ) extends ovm_port_base #( tlm_if_base #(T,T) ); class ovm_uni-if_imp #( type T = int ) extends ovm_port_base #( tlm_if_base #(T,T) );

Table 1-3 uni-if blocking_put nonblocking_put put blocking_get nonblocking_get get blocking_peek nonblocking_peek peek blocking_get_peek nonblocking_get_peek get_peek analysis

151

Bi-Directional Interfaces
class ovm_bi-if_export #( type REQ = int , type RSP = int ) extends ovm_port_base #( tlm_if_base #(REQ, RSP) ); class ovm_bi-if_port #( type REQ = int , type RSP = int ) extends ovm_port_base #( tlm_if_base #(REQ, RSP) ); class ovm_bi-if_imp #( type REQ = int , type RSP = int ) extends ovm_port_base #( tlm_if_base #(REQ, RSP) );

Table 1-4 bi-if blocking_master nonblocking_master master blocking_slave nonblocking_slave slave blocking_transport nonblocking_transport transport The name and parent are the standard ovm_component constructor arguments. The min_size and max_size specify the minimum and maximum number of interfaces that must have been supplied to this port by the end of elaboration.

152

Ports and Exports

ovm_uni-if_export
#(type T=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T,T))

An ovm_uni-if_export is a uni-directional connector that provides interfaces to other components. It provides these interfaces by connecting to an ovm_uni-if_export or ovm_uni-if_imp in a child component. There is one export class for each uni-directional interface. ovm_uni-if_export inherits all the connectivity methods (e.g., the connect() method) from its base class ovm_port_base. Summary
class ovm_uni-if_export #(type T=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T,T)); function new(string name, ovm_component parent, int min_size=1, int max_size=1); end class

File tlm/ovm_exports.svh Parameters

type T = int

The type of transaction to be communicated across the export. Members None

153

Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent, int min_size=1, int max_size=1)

The name and parent are the standard ovm_component constructor arguments. The min_size and max_size specify the minimum and maximum number of interfaces that must have been supplied to this port by the end of elaboration.

154

ovm_bi-if_export
#(type REQ=int, RSP=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(REQ,RSP))

An ovm_bi-if_export is a bi-directional connector that provides interfaces to other components. It provides these interfaces by connecting to an ovm_bi-if_export or ovm_bi-if_imp in a child component. There is one port class for each bi-directional interface. ovm_bi-if_export inherits all connectivity methods (the connect() method) from its base class ovm_port_base. Summary
class ovm_bi-if_export#(type REQ=int, RSP=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(REQ,RSP)); function new(string name, ovm_component parent, int min_size=1, int max_size=1); end class

File tlm/ovm_exports.svh Parameters

type REQ = int

The type of request transaction to be communicated across the export.

type RSP = int

The type of response transaction to be communicated across the export. Members None

155

Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent, int min_size=1, int max_size=1)

The name and parent are the standard ovm_component constructor arguments. The min_size and max_size specify the minimum and maximum number of interfaces that must have been supplied to this port by the end of elaboration.

156

ovm_uni-if_port
(type T=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T,T))

An ovm_uni-if_port is a uni-directional connector that requires interfaces from other components. It gets these interfaces by connecting to an ovm_uni-if_port in a parent component or an ovm_uni-if_imp in a sibling component. There is one export class for each uni-directional interface. ovm_uni-if_port inherits all connectivity methods (e.g., the connect() method) from its base class ovm_port_base. Summary
class ovm_uni-if_port (type T=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T,T)); function new(string name, ovm_component parent, int min_size=1, int max_size=1); end class

File tlm/ovm_ports.svh Parameters

type T = int

The type of transaction to be communicated across the export. Members None Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent,

157

int min_size=1, int max_size=1)

The name and parent are the standard ovm_component constructor arguments. The min_size and max_size specify the minimum and maximum number of interfaces that must have been supplied to this port by the end of elaboration.

158

ovm_bi-if_port
#(type T=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T,T))

An ovm_bi-if_port is a bi-directional connector that requires interfaces from other components. It gets these interfaces by connecting to an ovm_bi-if_port in a parent component or an ovm_bi-if_imp in a sibling component. There is one export class for each bi-directional interface. ovm_bi-if_port inherits all connectivity methods (e.g., the connect() method) from its base class ovm_port_base. Summary
class ovm_bi-if_port #(type T=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T,T)); function new(string name, ovm_component parent, int min_size=1, int max_size=1); end class

File tlm/ovm_ports.svh Parameters

type REQ = int

The type of request transaction to be communicated across the export.

type RSP = int

The type of response transaction to be communicated across the export. Members None

159

Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent, int min_size=1, int max_size=1)

The name and parent are the standard ovm_component constructor arguments. The min_size and max_size specify the minimum and maximum number of interfaces that must have been supplied to this port by the end of elaboration.

160

ovm_uni-if_imp
#(type T=int, type IMP=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T))

ovm_uni-if_imp provides the implementations of the methods in tlm_if_base to ports and exports that require it. The actual implementation of the methods that comprise tlm_if_base are dened in an object of type IMP (tlm_fifo #(T)) which is passed in to the constructor. Summary
class ovm_uni-if_imp #(type T=int, type IMP=int) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_if_base #(T)); function new(string name, IMP imp); end class

File tlm/ovm_imps.svh Parameters

type T = int

Type of transactions to be communicated across the underlying interface.

type IMP = int

Type of the parent of this implementation. Members

local IMP m_imp

Handle to the component that implements the methods conveyed in the tlm_if_base description. Methods new
function new(string name, IMP imp)

161

The name is the normal rst argument to an ovm_component constructor. The imp is a slightly different form for the second argument to the ovm_component constructor, which is of type IMP and denes the type of the parent. Since it is the purpose of an imp class to provide an implementation of a set of interface tasks and functions, the particular set of tasks and functions available for each ovm_uni-if_imp class is dependent on the type of the interface it implements, which is the particular TLM interface it extends.

162

ovm_bi-if_imp
(type REQ=int, type RSP=int, type IMP=int, type REQ_IMP=IMP, type RSP_IMP=IMP) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_blocking_master_if #(REQ, RSP))

ovm_bi-if_imp provides the implementations of the methods in tlm_if_base to ports and exports that require it. The actual implementation of the methods that comprise tlm_if_base are dened in an object of type IMP (tlm_transport #(T1,T2)) which is passed in to the constructor. Summary
class ovm_bi-if_imp (type REQ=int, type RSP=int, type IMP=int, type REQ_IMP=IMP, type RSP_IMP=IMP) extends ovm_port_base #(tlm_blocking_master_if #(REQ, RSP)); function new(string name, IMP imp, REQ_IMP req_imp=imp, RSP_IMP rsp_imp=imp); end class

File tlm/ovm_imps.svh Parameters

type REQ = int

Type of transactions to be sent by the master or received by the slave.

type RSP = int

Type of transactions to be received by the master or sent by the slave.

type IMP = int

Type of the parent of this implementation.

type REQ_IMP = IMP

Type of the object that implements the request side of the interface.
type RSP_IMP = IMP

Type of the object that implements the response side of the interface.

163

Methods new
function new(string name, IMP imp, REQ_IMP req_imp=imp, RSP_IMP rsp_imp=imp)

The name is the normal rst argument to an ovm_component constructor. The imp is a slightly different form for the second argument to the ovm_component constructor, which is of type IMP and denes the type of the parent. The req_imp and rsp_imp are optional. If they are specied, then they must point to the underlying implementation of the request and response methods; tlm_req_rsp_channel, req_imp and rsp_imp are the request and response FIFOs.

164

ovm_port_base
#(type IF=ovm_object) extends ovm_port_base_baseIF

ovm_port_base is the base class for all ports, exports, and implementations (ovm_*_port, ovm_*_export, and ovm_*_imp). The ovm_port_base extends IF, which is the type of the interface required and/or provided by the port, export, or implementation. In many senses, ovm_port_base is a facade class. It has a handle to an ovm_connector_base and delegates much of the functionality to it. Summary
class ovm_port_base #(type IF=ovm_object) extends ovm_port_base_baseIF; function new(string name, ovm_component parent, ovm_port_type_e port_type, int min_size=1, int max_size=1, bit check_parent=1); function void connect(this_type provider); function IF lookup_indexed_if(int i=0); function void remove(); function int size(); end class

File base/ovm_port_base.svh Virtual Yes Parameters

type IF = ovm_void

A placeholder for the type of interface supported by this connector.

typedef ovm_connector_base #(IF) connector_type typedef ovm_port_base #(IF) this_type
165

ovm_connector_base #(IF) m_connector

The place where most of the hard work related to checking the validity of the connection, making the connection, and providing debugging information is done. Many of the methods below are delegated to m_connector. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent, ovm_port_type_e port_type, int min_size=1, int max_size=1, bit check_parent=1)

The rst two arguments are the normal ovm_component constructor arguments. The port_type is port, export, or implementation. The min_size and max_size specify the minimum and maximum number of interfaces that must be supplied to this port base by the end of elaboration. The parent is usually non null, in which case, check_parent should take its default value of 1. The rare exception to this (usually, analysis ports dened outside of an ovm_env) should set the value of parent to null and check_parent to 0. connect
function void connect(this_type provider)

Connects a port or export that requires interfaces of type IF to a port, export, or implementation that provides interfaces of type IF. lookup_indexed_if
function IF lookup_indexed_if(int i=0)

Gets the ith interface that has been provided to this port base, by delegating the call to m_connector. remove
function void remove()

Delegates the method call to m_connector.

166

size
function int size()

Gets the number of interfaces that have been provided to this port base by delegating the call to m_connector.

167

Built-In TLM Channels

The OVM supplies a FIFO channel and a variety of interfaces to access it. The interfaces have both blocking and non-blocking forms. Because SystemVerilog does not support multiple inheritance, the FIFO has a collection of imps implementations of abstract interfaces that are used to access the FIFO. The FIFO is a named component and thus has a name and a location in the component hierarchy. Figure 1-2 UML Diagram for Channels
<<interface>> tlm_if_base ovm_component

T, imp_type ovm_*_imp wrapper implementation

T tlm_fifo

REQ, RSP tlm_req_rsp_channe

REQ, RSP tlm_analysis_f tlm_transport_ch

168

tlm_analysis_fo
#(type T=int) extends tlm_fifo #(T)

An analysis_fifo is a tlm_fifo with an unbounded size and a write() interface. It can be used any place an ovm_subscriber is used. Typical usage is as a buffer between an analysis_port in a monitor and an analysis component (a component derived from ovm_subscriber). Summary
class tlm_analysis_fifo #(type T=int) extends tlm_fifo #(T); function new(string name, ovm_component parent=null); function void write(input T t); end class

File tlm/tlm_fos.svh Virtual No Parameters

type T = int

Type of transactions to be stored in the FIFO. Members

ovm_analysis_imp #(T, analysis_fifo #(T)) analysis_export

analysis_export provides the write method to other components. Calling ap.write(t) on a port bound to this export is the normal mechanism for writing to an analysis FIFO. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent=null)

169

This is the standard ovm_component constructor. The name is the local name of this component. The parent should be left unspecied when this component is instantiated in statically elaborated constructs and must be specied when this component is a child of another OVM component. write
function void write(input T t)

Transfers transaction t into the unbounded FIFO, which is guaranteed to succeed.

170

tlm_fo
#(type T=int) extends ovm_component

tlm_fifo is a FIFO that implements all the uni-directional TLM interfaces. Summary
class tlm_fifo #(type T=int) extends ovm_component; function new(string name, ovm_component parent=null, int size=1); function bit can_get(); function bit can_peek(); function bit can_put(); function void flush(); task get(output T t); task peek(output T t); task put(input T t); function int size(); function bit try_get(output T t); function bit try_peek(output T t); function bit try_put(input T t); end class

File tlm/tlm_fos.svh Virtual No Parameters

type T = int

Type of transactions to be stored in the FIFO. Members

typedef tlm_fifo #(T) this_type ovm_blocking_get_imp #(T, this_type) blocking_get_export

171

ovm_blocking_get_peek_imp #(T, this_type) blocking_get_peek_export ovm_blocking_peek_imp #(T, this_type) blocking_peek_export ovm_blocking_put_imp #(T, this_type) blocking_put_export ovm_get_imp #(T, this_type) get_export ovm_get_peek_imp #(T, this_type) get_peek_export ovm_nonblocking_get_imp #(T, this_type) nonblocking_get_export ovm_nonblocking_get_peek_imp #(T, this_type) nonblocking_get_peek_export ovm_nonblocking_peek_imp #(T, this_type) nonblocking_peek_export ovm_nonblocking_put_imp #(T, this_type) nonblocking_put_export ovm_peek_imp #(T, this_type) peek_export ovm_put_imp #(T, this_type) put_export

The implementations above export the relevant TLM interface. Every uni-directional TLM interface is implemented in tlm_fifo and exported using an appropriately named export.
ovm_analysis_port #(T) put_ap

Analysis port to which the transaction is published whenever put() or try_put() succeeds.
ovm_analysis_port #(T) get_ap

Analysis port to which the transaction is published whenever get(), try_get(), peek(), or try_peek() succeeds.
local mailbox #(T) m

The internal mailbox used to implement the basic FIFO functionality.

local int m_size

m_size is the maximum size of the FIFO. A value of zero indicates no upper bound. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent=null, int size=1)

The name and parent are the normal ovm_component constructor arguments. The parent should be null if the tlm_fifo is going to be used in a statically elaborated construct. If it is dened within an ovm_env, then parent must be specied. The size indicates the maximum size of the FIFO; a value of zero indicates no upper bound. can_get
function bit can_get()

172

can_get() returns 1 if try_get() will be successful, and it returns 0 otherwise. can_peek

function bit can_peek()

can_peek() returns 1 if try_peek() will be successful, and it returns 0 otherwise. can_put

function bit can_put()

can_put() returns 1 if try_put() will be successful, and it returns 0 otherwise. ush

function void flush()

flush() ushes the FIFO. get

task get(output T t)

Does a blocking get and then publishes the gotten transaction using get_ap. Succeeds when there is something in the FIFO available to be gotten. A get() is consuming. When it succeeds, t is no longer in the FIFO. peek
task peek(output T t)

Does a blocking peek() and then publishes the peeked transaction using get_ap. Succeeds when there is something in the FIFO available to be peeked. A peek() is not consuming. When it succeeds, t is still in the FIFO. put
task put(input T t)

Inserts transaction t to the internal mailbox and publishes the transaction to the put_ap when it is successful. Succeeds when there is room in the FIFO. size
function int size()

173

This returns m_size. try_get

function bit try_get(output T t)

Will get a transaction from the FIFO. If the FIFO contains a transaction, then it publishes the transaction across get_ap and returns 1. Otherwise, it returns 0. A try_get() is consuming. When it succeeds, t is no longer in the FIFO. try_peek
function bit try_peek(output T t)

Will get a transaction from the FIFO if it contains a transaction, then it publishes the transaction across get_ap and returns 1. Otherwise, it returns 0. A peek() is not consuming. When it succeeds, t is still in the FIFO. try_put
function bit try_put(input T t)

Will put t into the FIFO if there is room, then publish the transaction across put_ap and return 1. Otherwise, it returns 0.

174

tlm_req_rsp_channel
#(type REQ=int, type RSP=int) extends ovm_component

tlm_req_rsp_channel contains a request FIFO of type REQ and a response FIFO of type RSP. These FIFOs can be of any size. This channel is particularly useful for dealing with pipelined protocols where the request and response are not tightly coupled. Summary
class tlm_req_rsp_channel #(type REQ=int, type RSP=int) extends ovm_component; function new(string name, ovm_component parent=null, int request_fifo_size=1, int response_fifo_size = 1); end class

File tlm/tlm_req_rsp.svh Virtual No Parameters

type REQ = int

Type of transactions to be passed to/from the request FIFO.

type RSP = int

Type of transactions to be passed to/from the response FIFO. Members

typedef tlm_req_rsp_channel #(REQ, RSP) this_type protected tlm_fifo #(REQ) m_request_fifo

The internal FIFO that stores the REQs.

protected tlm_fifo #(RSP) m_response_fifo

The internal FIFO that stores the RSPs.

ovm_blocking_put_export #(REQ) blocking_put_request_export ovm_nonblocking_put_export #(REQ) nonblocking_put_request_export

175

ovm_put_export #(REQ) put_request_export

The exports make the put, blocking put, and non-blocking put interfaces of the request FIFO externally visible. Through these interfaces, a master can put requests into the request FIFO.
ovm_blocking_get_peek_export #(REQ) blocking_get_peek_request_export ovm_blocking_get_export #(REQ) blocking_get_request_export ovm_blocking_peek_export #(REQ) blocking_peek_request_export ovm_get_peek_export #(REQ) get_peek_request_export ovm_get_export #(REQ) get_request_export ovm_nonblocking_get_peek_export #(REQ) nonblocking_get_peek_request_export ovm_nonblocking_get_export #(REQ) nonblocking_get_request_export ovm_nonblocking_peek_export #(REQ) nonblocking_peek_request_export ovm_peek_export #(REQ) peek_request_export

These nine request get exports export the blocking, non-blocking, and combined get, peek, and get_peek interfaces of the request FIFO. These allow slaves to get or peek requests from the request FIFO.
ovm_blocking_put_export #(RSP) blocking_put_response_export ovm_nonblocking_put_export #(RSP) nonblocking_put_response_export ovm_put_export #(RSP) put_response_export

These three response put exports export the put, blocking put, and non-blocking put interfaces of the response FIFO. These allow a slave to put responses into the response FIFO.
ovm_blocking_get_peek_export #(RSP) blocking_get_peek_response_export ovm_blocking_get_export #(RSP) blocking_get_response_export ovm_blocking_peek_export #(RSP) blocking_peek_response_export ovm_get_peek_export #(RSP) get_peek_response_export ovm_get_export #(RSP) get_response_export ovm_nonblocking_get_peek_export #(RSP) nonblocking_get_peek_response_export ovm_nonblocking_get_export #(RSP) nonblocking_get_response_export ovm_nonblocking_peek_export #(RSP) nonblocking_peek_response_export ovm_peek_export #(RSP) peek_response_export

These nine response get exports export the blocking, non-blocking, and combined get, peek, and get_peek interfaces of the request FIFO. These allow masters to get or peek responses from the response FIFO.
ovm_analysis_port #(RSP) response_ap

response_ap publishes an RSP whenever a put() or try_put() to the response FIFO succeeds.
ovm_analysis_port #(REQ) request_ap

176

Publishes a REQ whenever a put() or try_put() to the request FIFO succeeds.

ovm_master_imp #(REQ, RSP, this_type, tlm_fifo #(REQ), tlm_fifo #(RSP)) master_export

Exports a single interface that allows a master to put requests and get or peek responses.
ovm_slave_imp #(REQ, RSP, this_type tlm_fifo #(REQ), tlm_fifo #(RSP)) slave_export

Exports a single interface that allows a slave to get or peek requests and to put responses.
ovm_blocking_master_imp #(REQ, RSP, this_type, tlm_fifo #(REQ), tlm_fifo #(RSP)) blocking_master_export

Exports a single blocking interface that allows a master to put requests and get or peek responses.
ovm_blocking_slave_imp #(REQ, RSP, this_type, tlm_fifo #(REQ), tlm_fifo #(RSP)) blocking_slave_export

Exports a single blocking interface that allows a slave to get or peek requests and to put responses.
ovm_nonblocking_master_imp #(REQ, RSP, this_type, tlm_fifo #(REQ), tlm_fifo #(RSP)) nonblocking_master_export

Exports a single non-blocking interface that allows a master to put requests and get or peek responses.
ovm_nonblocking_slave_imp #(REQ, RSP, this_type, tlm_fifo #(REQ), tlm_fifo #(RSP)) nonblocking_slave_export

Exports a single non-blocking interface that allows a slave to get or peek requests and to put responses. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent=null, int request_fifo_size=1, int response_fifo_size = 1)

The name and parent are the standard ovm_component constructor arguments. The parent must be null if this component is dened within a static component such as a module, program block, or interface, and it must take a non-value if it is dened inside an ovm_env. The last two arguments specify the request and response FIFO sizes, which have default values of 1.

177

tlm_transport_channel
#(type REQ=int, type RSP=int) extends tlm_req_rsp_channel #(REQ, RSP)

A tlm_transport_channel is a tlm_req_rsp_channel that implements the transport interface. It is useful when modeling a non-pipelined bus at the transaction level. Because the requests and responses have a tightly coupled one-to-one relationship, the request and response FIFO sizes must be one. Summary
class tlm_transport_channel #(type REQ=int, type RSP=int) extends tlm_req_rsp_channel #(REQ, RSP); function new (string name, ovm_component parent=null); task transport(input REQ request, output RSP response); end class

File tlm/tlm_req_rsp.svh Parameters

type REQ = int

Type of transactions to be passed to/from the request FIFO.

type RSP = int

Type of transactions to be passed to/from the response FIFO. Members

typedef tlm_transport_channel #(REQ, RSP) this_type ovm_transport_imp #(REQ, RSP, this_type) transport_export

The mechanism by which external components gain access to the transport() task. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent=null)

The name and parent are the standard ovm_component constructor arguments. The parent must be null if this component is dened within a statically elaborated
178

construct such as a module, program block, or interface, and it must take a non-null value if it is dened inside an ovm_env. transport
task transport(input REQ request, output RSP response)

Calls put(request) followed by get(response).

179

Components
Components form the foundation of the OVM. Components encapsulate behavior of transactors, scoreboards, and other objects in a testbench. The ovm_component is the base class from which all component classes are derived. Figure 1-3 UML Diagram for Components

ovm_random_stimul

ovm_subscriber

ovm_component parent 1 1 0..1 children 0..*

ovm_component

IF ovm_threaded_component ovm_connector_base ovm_env

180

ovm_random_stimulus
#(type trans_type=ovm_transaction) extends ovm_component

This is a general purpose uni-directional random stimulus generator. It is a very useful component in its own right, but can also be used as a template to dene other stimulus generators, or it can be extended to add additional stimulus generation methods to simplify test writing. The ovm_random_stimulus class generates streams of trans_type transactions. These streams may be generated by the randomize() method of trans_type, or the randomize() method of one of its subclasses, depending on the type of the argument passed into the generate_stimulus() method. The stream may go indenitely, until terminated by a call to stop_stimulus_generation(), or you may specify the maximum number of transactions to be generated. By using inheritance, we can add directed initialization or tidy up sequences to the random stimulus generation. Summary
class ovm_random_stimulus #(type trans_type=ovm_transaction) extends ovm_component; function new(string name, ovm_component parent); virtual task generate_stimulus(trans_type t=null, int max_count=0); virtual function void stop_stimulus_generation(); end class

File base/ovm_random_stimulus.svh Parameters

type trans_type=ovm_transaction

Species the type of transaction to be generated. Members

ovm_blocking_put_port #(trans_type) blocking_put_port

The port through which transactions come out of the stimulus generator.
local bit m_stop=0

181

Indicates whether the stimulus generator should stop before issuing the next transaction. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent)

This is the standard OVM constructor. The constructor displays the string obtained from get_randstate() during construction. The set_randstate() can then be used to regenerate precisely the same sequence of transactions for debugging purposes. generate_stimulus
virtual task generate_stimulus(trans_type t=null, int max_count=0)

The main user-visible method. If t is not specied, then it will generate random transactions of type trans_type. If t is specied, then it will use the randomize() method in t to generate transactionsso t must be a subclass of trans_type. The max_count is the maximum number of transactions to be generated. A value of zero indicates no maximumin this case, generate_stimulus() will go on indenitely unless stopped by some other process. The transactions are cloned before they are sent out over the blocking_put_port. stop_stimulus_generation
virtual function void stop_stimulus_generation()

Stops the generation of stimulus.

182

ovm_test
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_test

The ovm_test virtual class should be used as the base class for the user-dened tests. Doing so provides the ability to select which test to execute by using the OVM_TESTNAME command line argument when used in conjunction with the run_test() task. For example:
> simulator command and switches +OVM_TESTNAME=test_bus_retry

The run_test() task should be specied inside an initial block such as:
initial begin run_test(); end

This allows multiple tests to be compiled in and then selected for execution from the command line with random seedingpreventing the need for a re-compilation. If run_test() is used and +OVM_TESTNAME=test_name is specied, the specied test_name is created by factory and executed. If the specied test_name cannot be created by the factory, a fatal error occurs. If run_test() is used and OVM_TESTNAME is not specied, all constructed components will be cycled through their simulation phases. Deriving from ovm_test will allow you to distinguish tests from other component types using its inheritance. Also, tests will automatically inherit any new test-specic features that are added to ovm_test. Summary
virtual class ovm_test extends ovm_threaded_component; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent); endclass

183

File methodology/ovm_test.svh Virtual Yes Members None Methods new

new (input string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor of the ovm_test species two arguments: the name and parent component. The name, which has no default, is the instance name of the ovm_test. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component.

184

ovm_agent
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_agent

The ovm_agent virtual class should be used as the base class for the user-dened agents. Deriving from ovm_agent will allow you to distinguish agents from other component types also using its inheritance. Also, agents will automatically inherit any new agent-specic features that are added to ovm_agent. While an agents build() function, which is inherited from ovm_component, can be implemented to dene any agent topology, an agent typically contains three sub-components: the driver, the sequencer and the monitor. If the agent is active (typically signied by the added is_active control eld), the agent contains all three sub-components. If the agent is passive, it contains only the monitor. Summary
virtual class ovm_agent extends ovm_threaded_component; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent); endclass

File methodology/ovm_agent.svh Virtual Yes

185

Members None Methods new

new (input string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor of the ovm_agent species two arguments: the name and parent component. The name, which has no default, is the instance name of the ovm_agent. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component.

186

ovm_driver
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_driver

The ovm_driver class provides a base class that contains the interface component (ovm_seq_item_prod_if) necessary in order to communicate with a sequence item producer (a sequencer). Summary
class ovm_driver extends ovm_driver; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent); // Sequence Item Producer Interface ovm_seq_item_prod_if seq_item_prod_if; endclass

File methodology/ovm_driver.svh Virtual No Members

ovm_seq_item_prod_if seq_item_prod_if

The ovm_driver contains an instance of the ovm_seq_item_prod_if class such that you do not need to add this component in the user-dened driver.

187

Methods new
new (input string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor of the ovm_driver species two arguments: the name and parent component. The name, which has no default, is the instance name of the ovm_driver. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component.

188

ovm_sequencer_base
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_sequencer_base

The ovm_sequencer_base virtual class provides the interfaces that are common between the ovm_sequencer and the ovm_virtual_sequencer. You should derive from ovm_sequencer or ovm_virtual_sequencer appropriately. Summary
virtual class ovm_sequencer_base extends ovm_threaded_component; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent = null); // Sequence execution interface task start_sequence(ovm_sequence this_seq, ovm_sequencer_base this_seqr = null); // Random Sequence Selection Interface protected rand int unsigned seq_kind; function int unsigned get_seq_kind(string type_name); function ovm_sequence get_sequence(int unsigned req_kind); // Sequence producer interface ovm_seq_prod_if seq_prod_if; // Sequence queue string sequences[$]; // default sequence variable protected string default_sequence = ovm_random_sequence; // User control properties int count = -1; int unsigned max_random_count = 10; endclass
189

File sequences/ovm_sequencer_base.svh Virtual Yes Members

protected rand int seq_kind

Utility property that can be used to return the constrained value of randomly selected sequences. This is typically used with the get_seq_kind() function.
ovm_seq_prod_if seq_prod_if

The ovm_sequencer_base contains an instance of the ovm_seq_prod_if class such that you do not need to add this component in the user-dened sequencer (or virtual_sequencer). This instance allows the ovm_sequencer_base derivative to be connected to a ovm_seq_cons_if class.
string sequences[$]

This queue stores the type names of the sequences that are available for execution by this sequencer.
protected string default_sequence = ovm_random_sequence

This string variable which sequence is started automatically by the sequencer at time zero, given that count does not equal 0.
int count = -1

This integer property is used by the ovm_random_sequence to determine how many random sequences to execute. If the value of count is set to -1 (the default value), then a random number between 1 and the max_random_count variable is used by the ovm_random_sequence. If the value of count is 0, the default_sequence will not be started by the sequencer regardless of the default_sequence variable setting. If the value of count is greater than 0, then count random sequences will be executed regardless of the setting to max_random_count as long as the default_sequence is set to ovm_random_sequence.
int unsigned max_random_count = 10

190

This integer property provides the upper bound for when the count property is randomized. Methods new
new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null)

The constructor of the ovm_sequencer_base species two arguments: the name and parent component. The name, which defaults to an empty string, is the instance name of the ovm_sequencer_base. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. start_sequence
task start_sequence(ovm_sequence this_seq, ovm_sequencer_base this_seqr = null)

This task is used to start a root sequence on the given sequencer. start_sequence() triggers the this_seq start event, executes the pre_body(), body() and post_body() tasks, and then triggers the this_seq end event. If this_seqr is not supplied, the library code assumes that the SystemVerilog keyword this can be used. this_seq must be allocated and randomized before calling this task. get_seq_kind
function int unsigned get_seq_kind(string type_name)

This function is used to nd the integer mapping of a sequence type name in order to create constraints such that sequences can be picked randomly from a sequence library based on type_name. A fatal error occurs if the type_name is not found. get_sequence
function ovm_sequence get_sequence(int unsigned req_kind)

This function creates a sequence of the type located at the respective integer of the sequence kind map.
191

Use get_seq_kind() to nd the integer location. Optional Macros `ovm_declare_sequence_lib This macro provides the infrastructure necessary in order to use the `ovm_register_sequence and `ovm_sequence_utils* macros to build the sequencers sequence library. Using these macros allows you to utilize the Random Sequence Selection Interfaces. This macro should be used in conjunction with the `ovm_update* macros. `ovm_sequencer_utils(SEQUENCER) This macro is simply the combination of:
`ovm_declare_sequence_lib `ovm_component_utils(SEQUENCER)

Such that you can supply one line of code and get both of the functions. `ovm_sequencer_utils_begin(SEQUENCER) `ovm_sequencer_utils_end This macro is simply the combination of:
`ovm_declare_sequence_lib `ovm_component_utils_begin(SEQUENCER) `ovm_component_utils_end

Such that you can add any desired `ovm_field_* macros, for example:
`ovm_sequencer_utils_begin(simple_sequencer) `ovm_field_int(status, OVM_ALL_ON) `ovm_sequencer_utils_end

192

ovm_sequencer
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_sequencer_base

ovm_sequencer

The ovm_sequencer class provides the interfaces that are specic to a sequencer that processes items. Summary
class ovm_sequencer extends ovm_sequencer_base; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent); // Sequence Item Consumer Interface ovm_seq_item_cons_if seq_item_cons_if; // Last Item Queue Interfaces function ovm_sequence_item last(int unsigned n); function void set_num_last_items (int unsigned max); // Grab Interfaces task grab(ovm_sequence_seq seq); function void ungrab(ovm_sequence_seq seq); function ovm_sequence current_grabber(); function bit is_grabbed(); // Direct Execution Interface task execute_item(input ovm_sequence_item item);

193

// Item Readiness Interface function bit has_do_available(); // Delta Delay Interface virtual task wait_for_sequences(); // User Configuration Settings protected bit pull_mode = 1; endclass

File sequences/ovm_sequencer.svh Virtual No Members

ovm_seq_item_cons_if seq_item_cons_if

The ovm_sequencer contains an instance of the ovm_seq_item_cons_if class such that you do not need to add this component in the user-dened sequencer. This instance allows the ovm_sequencer to be connected to an ovm_seq_item_prod_if class (inside a driver).
protected bit pull_mode = 1

This conguration property denes the driver/sequencer interaction mode. Currently, only pull_mode = 1 is supported (get/try_next_item()). Methods new
new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null)

The constructor of the ovm_sequencer_base species two arguments: the name and parent components.

194

The name, which defaults to an empty string, is the instance name of the ovm_sequencer_base. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. last
function ovm_sequence_item last(int unsigned n)

This function returns the item, as an ovm_sequence_item type at the nth location of the last item queue. If n is greater than the depth of the last item queue, a null object is returned. The most recent item is located at n = 0. set_num_last_items
function void set_num_last_items(int unsigned max)

This function is used to set the depth of the last item queue. grab
task grab(ovm_sequence_seq seq)

This task requests exclusive access to the sequencers action queue. When this task returns, seq has been granted exclusive access. In this case, items done by seq and its sub-sequences will have priority for processing in the action queue over items done by other sequences. Other sequences attempting to grab will be blocked until exclusive access can be granted. Sub-sequences of the current grabbing sequence can further be granted exclusive access by performing another grab. ungrab
function void ungrab(ovm_sequence_seq seq)

This task removes exclusive access to the sequencers action queue that has been granted to seq. An error occurs if a sequence that does not hold the exclusive access performs an ungrab().

195

current_grabber
function ovm_sequence current_grabber()

This function returns a reference of type ovm_sequence to the current grabbing sequence. If there is no grabbing sequence, a null object is returned. is_grabbed
function bit is_grabbed()

This function returns a bit indicating whether or not the sequencer is grabbed. A 1 indicates that a sequence is currently grabbing. A 0 indicates that no sequence is currently grabbing. execute_item
task execute_item(input ovm_sequence_item)

This task provides an interface to allow you to directly execute activity on a given sequencer. This task blocks until the item provided, either a sequence item or a sequence, is completed. The item must be allocated and randomized before calling this task. The parent sequence of the item defaults to a null behavior, and the sequencer is assumed to be the sequencer on which the task is executed. has_do_available
function bit has_do_available()

This function indicates whether the sequencer has an item available for immediate processing. A return value of 1 indicates an item is available. A return value of 0 indicates that an item is not available. wait_for_sequences
virtual task wait_for_sequences()

This task can be called to introduce delta delay cycles (by default 100) in advanced use models. The delta delay cycles allow processes that are attempting to place an item in the action queue of a sequencer to complete before the sequence item producer interface retrieves that item by way of a try_next_item() call.

196

You can override this task if the existing implementation does not satisfy the current need. Optional Macros
`ovm_update_sequence_lib_and_item(USER_ITEM_TYPE)

This macro populates the sequences[$] queue and effectively builds the sequencers sequence library. The argument to this macro is your item type such that a factory override can be registered for the ovm_simple_sequence. This macro, which should be used only in sequencers, should be placed in the constructor of your sequencer, as follows:
function sequencer::new( super.new(name, parent); `ovm_update_sequence_lib_and_item(simple_item) Endfunction

This macro adds the ovm_random_sequence, ovm_exhaustive_sequence and ovm_simple_sequence to the sequences[$] queue.

197

ovm_monitor
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_monitor

The ovm_monitor virtual class should be used as the base class for the user-dened monitors. Deriving from ovm_monitor allows you to distinguish monitors from other component types also using its inheritance. Also, monitors will automatically inherit any new monitor-specic features that are added to ovm_monitor. Summary
virtual class ovm_monitor extends ovm_threaded_component; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent);

File methodology/ovm_monitor.svh Virtual Yes Members None

198

Methods new
new (input string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor of the ovm_monitor species two arguments: the name and parent components. The name, which has no default, is the instance name of the ovm_monitor. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component.

199

ovm_scoreboard
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_scoreboard

The ovm_scoreboard virtual class should be used as the base class for the user-dened scoreboards. Deriving from ovm_scoreboard will allow you to distinguish scoreboards from other component types using its inheritance. Also, scoreboards will automatically inherit any new scoreboard-specic features that are added to ovm_scoreboard. Summary
virtual class ovm_scoreboard extends ovm_threaded_component; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent); endclass

File methodology/ovm_scoreboard.svh Virtual Yes Members None

200

Methods new
new (input string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor of the ovm_scoreboard species two arguments: the name and parent components. The name, which has no default, is the instance name of the ovm_scoreboard. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component.

201

ovm_virtual_sequencer
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_sequencer_base

ovm_virtual_sequencer

The ovm_virtual_sequencer virtual class provides the interfaces that are specic to the virtual sequencer. Summary
virtual class ovm_virtual_sequencer extends ovm_sequencer_base; // Constructor function new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null); // Sequence Consumer Interface Array ovm_seq_cons_if seq_cons_if[string]; // Sequence Consumer Interface Creation virtual function void add_seq_cons_if(string if_name); endclass

File sequences/ovm_virtual_sequencer.svh Virtual Yes

202

Members
ovm_seq_cons_if seq_cons_if[string]

Associative array of ovm_seq_cons_if objects with a string key that holds the sequence consumer interfaces. These sequence consumer interfaces should be connected to the sequencers and virtual sequencers that are to be controlled from the virtual sequences. Methods new
new (input string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor of the ovm_virtual_sequencer species two arguments: the name and parent components. The name, which defaults to an empty string, is the instance name of the ovm_virtual_sequencer. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. add_seq_cons_if
virtual function void add_seq_cons_if(string if_name)

This function should be used to make entries into the seq_cons_if associative array instead of doing a new for an entry. This allows the add_seq_cons_if function to ensure proper printing of the sequence consumer interfaces. Optional Macros `ovm_update_sequence_lib This macro populates the sequences[$] queue of a virtual sequencer and effectively builds the virtual sequencers sequence library. This macro, which should be used only in virtual sequencers, should be placed in the constructor of your virtual sequencer as follows:
function virtual_sequencer::new( super.new(name, parent); `ovm_update_sequence_lib
203

Endfunction

This macro adds the ovm_random_sequence and ovm_exhaustive_sequence to the sequences[$] queue. Note: The ovm_simple_sequence is not added since that sequence acts on items.

204

ovm_subscriber
#(type T=int) extends ovm_component

A subclass of ovm_subscriber can be used to connect to an ovm_analysis_port that writes transactions of type T. ovm_subscriber has a single pure virtual method, write(), which is made available to the outside by way of an analysis_export. This is particularly useful when writing a coverage object that needs to be attached to a monitor. Summary
virtual class ovm_subscriber #(type T=int) extends ovm_component; function new(string name, ovm_component p); pure virtual function void write(T t); end class

File utils/ovm_subscriber.svh Parameters

type T = int

Species the type of transaction to be received. Members

typedef ovm_subscriber #(T) this_type ovm_analysis_imp #(T, this_type) analysis_export

The export through which the write method is made available. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component p)

This is the standard ovm_component constructor.

205

write
pure virtual function void write(T t)

A pure virtual method that needs to be dened in a subclass.

206

ovm_req_rsp_driver#(REQ, RSP)
ovm_threaded_component

ovm_driver

ovm_req_rsp_driver#(REQ, RSP)

The ovm_req_rsp_driver class provides parameterization such that the get_next_item returns the user-specic type. This class also provides a put() interface, which requires that you provide the appropriately typed response. Summary
class ovm_req_rsp_driver #(type REQ = ovm_sequence_item, type RSP = ovm_sequence_item) extends ovm_driver; // Constructor function new (input string name, ovm_component parent); // get_next_item task get_next_item(output REQ this_req); // put task put(input RSP this_rsp) endclass

File methodology/ovm_req_rsp_driver.svh

207

Virtual No Members None Methods new

new (input string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor of the ovm_driver species two arguments: the name and parent component. The name, which has no default, is the instance name of the ovm_driver. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. get_next_item
task get_next_item(output REQ this_req)

This task allows you to make a local task call in order to retrieve the next item from the sequencer. The seq_item_prod_if must still be connected, but this task can be called without accessing the seq_item_prod_if. The output argument type is of the REQ parameterization type. put
task put(input RSP this_rsp)

This task allows you to make a local task call in order to return the response item to the sequencer. The seq_item_prod_if must still be connected, but this task can be called without accessing the seq_item_prod_if. The input argument type is of the RSP parameterization type.

208

Comparators
A common function of testbenches is to compare streams of transactions for equivalence. For example, a testbench may compare a stream of transactions from a DUT with expected results. The OVM library provides a base class called ovm_in_order_comparator and two derived classes, which are ovm_in_order_built_in_comparator for comparing streams of built-in types and ovm_in_order_class_comparator for comparing streams of class objects. The ovm_algorithmic_comparator also compares two streams of transactions; however, the transaction streams might be of different type objects. This device will use a user-written transformation function to convert one type to another before performing a comparison. Figure 1-4 UML Diagram for Comparator Classes
ovm_component

BEFORE, AFTER, TRANSFORM ovm_algorithmic_comparato

ovm_threaded_component

T, comp, convert, pair_type ovm_in_order_comparator

T ovm_in_order_class_compara

T Comparators

209

ovm_in_order_built_in_comparator
#(type T=int) extends ovm_in_order_comparator #(T)

A subclass of ovm_in_order_comparator that is used to compare two streams of built-in types. Summary
class ovm_in_order_built_in_comparator #(type T=int) extends ovm_in_order_comparator #(T); function new(string name,ovm_component parent); end class

File methodology/ovm_in_order_comparator.svh Parameters

type T = int

Species the type of transactions to be compared. Members None Methods new

function new(string name,ovm_component parent)

This is the normal ovm_component constructor.

210

ovm_in_order_class_comparator
#(type T=int) extends ovm_in_order_comparator #(T)

A subclass of ovm_in_order_comparator that is used to compare two streams of built-in types. Summary
class ovm_in_order_built_in_comparator #(type T=int) extends ovm_in_order_comparator #(T); function new(string name,ovm_component parent); end class

File methodology/ovm_in_order_comparator.svh Parameters

type T = int

Species the type of transactions to be compared. Members None Methods new

function new(string name,ovm_component parent)

This is the normal ovm_component constructor.

211

ovm_algorithmic_comparator
#(type BEFORE=int, type AFTER=int, type TRANSFORMER=int_transform) extends ovm_component

The algorithmic comparator is a wrapper around ovm_in_order_class_comparator. Like the in-order comparator, the algorithmic comparator compares two streams of transactions, the before stream and the after stream. It is often the case when two streams of transactions need to be compared that the two streams are in different forms. That is, the type of the before transaction stream is different than the type of the after transaction stream. The ovm_algorithmic_comparator provides a transformer that transforms before transactions into after transactions. The transformer is supplied to the algorithmic comparator as a policy class via the class parameter TRANSFORMER. The transformer policy must provide a transform() method with the following prototype:
AFTER transform (BEFORE b);

Summary
class ovm_algorithmic_comparator #(type BEFORE=int, type AFTER=int, type TRANSFORMER=int_transform) extends ovm_component; function new(TRANSFORMER transformer, string name, ovm_component parent); function void export_connections(); function void write(BEFORE b); end class

File methodology/ovm_algorithmic_comparator.svh Virtual no Parameters

type AFTER = int

The type of the transaction against which the transformed BEFORE transactions will be compared.
type BEFORE = int
212

The type of incoming transaction to be transformed prior to comparing against the AFTER transactions.
type TRANSFORMER = int_transform

The type of the class that contains the transform() method. Members
typedef ovm_algorithmic_comparator #(BEFORE, AFTER, TRANSFORMER) this_type ovm_analysis_export #(AFTER) after_export

Provides a write(AFTER t) method so that publishers (monitors) can send in an ordered stream of transactions against which the transformed BEFORE transactions will be compared.
ovm_analysis_imp #(BEFORE, this_type) before_export

Provides a write(BEFORE t) method so that publishers (monitors) can send in an ordered stream of transactions to be transformed and compared to the AFTER transactions. internal members
local ovm_in_order_class_comparator #(AFTER) comp

comp is the comparator used to compare the transformed BEFORE stream with the AFTER stream.
local TRANSFORMER m_transformer

m_transformer encapsulates the algorithm that transforms BEFOREs into AFTERs. Methods new
function new(TRANSFORMER transformer, string name, ovm_component parent)

The constructor takes a handle to an externally constructed transformer, a name, and a parent. The last two arguments are the normal arguments for an ovm_component constructor. We create an instance of the transformer (rather than making it a genuine policy class with a static transform method) because we might need to do reset and conguration on the transformer itself.

213

export_connections
function void export_connections()

This is the standard OVM method for making exports and implementations of subcomponents visible externally. write
function void write(BEFORE b)

This method handles incoming BEFORE transactions. It is usually accessed via the before_export, and it transforms the BEFORE transaction into an AFTER transaction before passing it to the in_order_class_comparator.

214

ovm_in_order_comparator
#(type T=int, type comp=ovm_built_in_comp #(T), type convert=ovm_built_in_converter #(T), type pair_type=ovm_built_in_pair #(T)) extends ovm_threaded_component

Compares two streams of transactions. These transactions may either be classes or built-in types. To be successfully compared, the two streams of data must be in the same order. Apart from that, there are no assumptions made about the relative timing of the two streams of data. Summary
class ovm_in_order_comparator #(type T=int, type comp=ovm_built_in_comp #(T), type convert=ovm_built_in_converter #(T), type pair_type=ovm_built_in_pair #(T)) extends ovm_threaded_component; function new(string name, ovm_component parent); function void export_connections(); function void flush(); task run(); end class

File methodology/ovm_in_order_comparator.svh Parameters

type T = int

Species the type of transactions to be compared.

type comp = ovm_built_in_comp #(T)

The type of the comparator to be used to compare the two transaction streams.
type convert = ovm_built_in_converter #(T)

A policy class to allow convert2string() to be called on the transactions being compared. If T is an extension of ovm_transaction, then it uses T::convert2string(). If T is a built-in type, then the policy provides a convert2string() method for the comparator to call.
type pair_type = ovm_built_in_pair #(T)

215

A policy class to allow pairs of transactions to be handled as a single ovm_transaction type. Members
ovm_analysis_export #(T) before_export

The export to which one stream of data is written.

ovm_analysis_export #(T) after_export

The export to which the other stream of data is written.

ovm_analysis_port #(pair_type) pair_ap

The comparator sends out pairs of transactions across this analysis port. Both matched and unmatched pairs are published.
int m_matches

The number of successfully paired transactions.

int m_mismatches

The number of unsuccessfully paired transactions.

local analysis_fifo #(T) before_fifo

The local storage for the stream of data coming in through before_export.
local analysis_fifo #( T ) after_fifo

The local storage for the stream of data coming in through after_export. Methods new
function new(string name, ovm_component parent)

The normal ovm_component constructor. export_connections

function void export_connections()

Connects the before_export and after_export to their respective FIFOs. ush

function void flush()

216

This method sets m_matches and m_mismatches back to zero. The tlm_fifo::flush takes care of ushing the FIFOs. run
task run()

Takes pairs of before and after transactions and compares them. Status information is updated according to the results of the comparison and pairs are published using the analysis port.

217

Sequences
ovm_sequence_item
ovm_transaction

ovm_sequence_item

The ovm_sequence_item class is the base class for user-dened sequence items and also the base class for the ovm_sequence. The ovm_sequence_item class provides the basic functionality for objects, both sequence items and sequences, to operate in the sequence mechanism. Summary
class ovm_sequence_item extends ovm_transaction; function new (input string name="ovm_sequence_item", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer=null, ovm_sequence parent_seq=null); bit print_sequence_info = 0; function void set_sequencer(ovm_sequencer_base sequencer); function ovm_sequencer_base get_sequencer(); function void set_parent_seq(ovm_sequence parent); function ovm_sequence get_parent_seq(); virtual function int is_item(); function int get_depth(); endclass

218

File sequences/ovm_sequence_item.svh Virtual No Members

bit print_sequence_info = 0

This bit controls whether the sequence mechanism specic information (parent sequence, root sequence, or sequencer) is printed when the sequence items print() method is called. This bit is automatically set when sequence items are created by the sequence mechanism. If you manually create a sequence item using new(), then if you want to see this information, you should set this bit appropriately. Methods new
function new (input string name="ovm_sequence_item", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer=null, ovm_sequence parent_seq=null)

The constructor of the ovm_sequence_item species three arguments: the name, sequencer, and parent sequence. The name, which defaults to ovm_sequence_item, is the instance name of the sequence item. The sequencer is the target sequencer for this item. The parent_seq is the parent sequence of this item. set_sequencer
function void set_sequencer(ovm_sequencer_base sequencer)

This function can be used to set the sequencer for an ovm_sequence_item.

219

This function is useful when performing an allocation of a sequence item using the constructor. If the sequence action macros are used, this function is not necessary. get_sequencer
function ovm_sequencer_base get_sequencer()

This function returns the sequencer of the sequence item as an ovm_sequencer_base type. Once created, an ovm_sequence_item can identify on which sequencer the item will be processed. set_parent_seq
function void set_parent_seq(ovm_sequence parent)

This function can be used to set the parent sequence for an ovm_sequence_item. This function is useful when performing an allocation of a sequence item using the constructor. If the sequence action macros are used, this function is not necessary. get_parent_seq
function ovm_sequence get_parent_seq()

This function returns the parent sequence of the sequence item as an ovm_sequence type. An ovm_sequence_item can identify what parent sequence initiated the item. is_item
function int is_item()

This function returns a 1 if the object is a sequence item. If the object is a sequence, this function returns a 0. Although virtual for polymorphism, this method is not meant to be overridden by you. get_depth
function int get_depth()

This function returns the depth from the sequencer.

220

A root sequence item has a depth of one. A child sequence item of a root sequence has a depth of two. A grandchild sequence item of a root sequence has a depth of three, and so on.

221

ovm_sequence
ovm_transaction

ovm_sequence_item

ovm_sequence

The ovm_sequence class provides the interfaces necessary in order to create streams of sequence items and/or other sequences. Summary
class ovm_sequence extends ovm_sequence_item; // Constructor function new (input string name="ovm_sequence", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer = null, ovm_sequence parent_seq = null); function int unsigned num_sequences; // User Hook Interface event started; event ended; constraint pick_sequence { (num_sequences() <= 2) || (seq_kind >= 2); (seq_kind < num_sequences()) || (seq_kind == 0);} virtual task body(); virtual task post_body(); virtual task pre_do(bit is_item); virtual function void mid_do(ovm_sequence_item this_item); virtual function void post_do(ovm_sequence_item this_item); task apply(ovm_sequence_item req, output ovm_sequence_rsp rsp);

222

virtual task pre_apply(); virtual task mid_apply(); virtual task post_apply(); task start(ovm_sequencer_base sequencer, ovm_sequence parent_seq = null); function void stop(); virtual function bit is_relevant(); virtual task wait_for_relevant(); // Random Sequence Selection Interface rand int unsigned seq_kind; function int unsigned get_seq_kind(string type_name); function ovm_sequence get_sequence(int unsigned req_kind); task do_sequence_kind(int unsigned req_kind); // Status Interface function bit is_blocked(); function int get_id(); endclass

File sequences/ovm_sequence.svh Virtual No Members

constraint pick_sequence

This constraint causes the seq_kind member to be a legal value in the sequence library of the attached sequencer. The seq_kind member can then be used in a sequence using the do_seq_kind() method. If the sequence is not attached to a sequencer, then seq_kind is constrained to 0.
event started

Event to indicate that the body() of the sequence is being started.

event ended

Event to indicate that the body() of the sequence has completed.

223

rand int unsigned seq_kind

Utility property that can be used to return the constrained value of randomly selected sequences. Methods new
function new (input string name="ovm_sequence", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer=null, ovm_sequence parent_seq=null)

The constructor of the ovm_sequence species three arguments: the name, sequencer, and parent sequence. The name, which defaults to ovm_sequence, is the instance name of the sequence. The sequencer is the target sequencer for this item. The parent_seq is the parent sequence of this item. num_sequences
function int unsigned num_sequences;

This function returns the number of sequences available in the attached sequencer's sequence library. If no sequencer is attached to the sequence, the function returns 0. pre_body
virtual task pre_body()

This task is a user hook method of the sequence. The pre_body() callback is only executed when a sequence is started as a root sequence on the sequencer using the p_sequencer.start_sequence(sequence) task. The pre_body() occurs immediately before the body() is executed. Note: You should not call this task directly. body
virtual task body()

224

This task is the main method of the sequence. The body() callback is executed regardless of how a sequence is executed. Note: You should not call this task directly. post_body
virtual task post_body()

This task is a user hook method of the sequence. The post_body() callback is only executed when a sequence is started as a root sequence on the sequencer using the p_sequencer.start_sequence(sequence) task. The post_body() occurs immediately after the body() is executed. Note: You should not call this task directly. pre_do
virtual task pre_do(bit is_item)

This task is a user hook method of the sequence. The pre_do() is called at the start of a do action performed by the sequence. The pre_do() is executed once the sequencer has selected a do action for execution. is_item indicates whether an item or sequence is being done. This method is called automatically with the appropriate is_item setting. mid_do
virtual function void mid_do(ovm_sequence_item this_item)

This function is a user hook method of the sequence. The mid_do() is called during a do action just after this_item is randomized and before one of the following: a. It is delivered to the item consumer, in the case of an item. b. The body() of the sequence is executed, in the case of sequence. post_do
virtual function void post_do(ovm_sequence_item this_item)

225

This function is a user hook method of the sequence. The post_do() is called just after one of the following: a. The consumer indicates the item is done, in the case of an item. b. The body() of the sequence is completed, in the case of sequence. apply
task apply(ovm_sequence_item req, output ovm_sequence_item rsp)

This task allows you to execute a sequence item without using the do actions. The sequence item req must exist prior to calling this task. This task blocks until the item is completed, and the response is provided to you as the second argument, rsp. pre_apply
task pre_apply()

This task is a user hook method of the sequence. The pre_apply() is called during the apply() task. The pre_apply() is executed once the sequencer has selected the item for application. mid_apply
task mid_task()

This function is a user hook method of the sequence. mid_apply() is called during the apply() task just after pre_apply(). post_apply
task post_apply()

This function is a user hook method of the sequence. The post_apply() is called during the apply() task just after the consumer indicates the item is done.

226

start
task start(ovm_sequencer_base sequencer, ovm_sequence parent_seq = null);

This task provides the capability to start a sequence on a sequencer manually. You should provide the sequencer on which the sequence will be started as the rst argument. If the sequence is being started inside another sequence and requires that the started sequence to a sub-sequence of the current sequence, then you should provide this as the second argument. Otherwise, the sequence will be started as a root sequence on the sequencer. stop
function void stop()

This function disables the body() task of the sequence. is_relevant

virtual function bit is_relevant()

This function is a user hook method of the sequence. It is used to dene conditions for performing do item actions, such that the do action will not be selected for execution unless is_relevant() returns 1'b1. The default implementation of this method returns 1'b1. is_relevant() only affects itemsit is not checked when doing a sub-sequence. You can redene this function to set specic conditions for when sequence items are relevant. wait_for_relevant
virtual task wait_for_relevant()

This function is a user hook method of the sequence. It is used to dene conditions to trigger a re-evaluation of the sequencers action queue when a sequence doing an item is not relevant. This task is executed by the sequencer and if this task nishes, the re-evaluation occurs. The default implementation of this task is to never return. You should implement this task as follows:
virtual task wait_for_relevant();

227

while(!is_relevant()) @(is_relevant_condition_variables) endtask

get_seq_kind
function int unsigned get_seq_kind(string type_name)

This function is used to nd the integer location in the sequence kind map of the sequence type_name. This allows you to create constraints such that sequences can be picked randomly from a sequence library based on type_name. A fatal error occurs if type_name is not registered with the sequencer on which this sequence is operating. get_sequence
function ovm_sequence get_sequence(int unsigned req_kind)

This function creates a sequence of the type located at the respective integer location of the sequence kind map. Use get_seq_kind() to nd the integer location. do_sequence_kind
task do_sequence_kind(int unsigned req_kind)

This task is used to invoke a specic sequence using an unsigned integer as an identier. The unsigned integer can be retrieved by invoking the get_seq_kind() function with the type name string as the argument. is_blocked
function bit is_blocked()

Method to query if a sequence is blocked from sending items by another grabbing sequence that is not an ancestor. A return value of 1 indicates the sequence is blocked.

228

Optional Macros `ovm_register_sequence(TYPE_NAME, SEQUENCER) This macro does the following operations: 1. Registers the TYPE_NAME sequence on the SEQUENCER type argument such that the Random Sequence Selection Interfaces can be used. An example of the usage follows:
class simple_seq extends ovm_sequence; `ovm_register_sequence(simple_seq, simple_sequencer) Endclass

In the example, the simple_seq is register in the sequence library of the simple_sequencer type. 2. Declares and initializes a p_sequencer variable that is of the SEQUENCER argument type. You can then access the SEQUENCER argument type specic variables using the p_sequencer. `ovm_sequence_utils(TYPE_NAME, SEQUENCER) This macro is simply the combination of:
`ovm_register_sequence(TYPE_NAME, SEQUENCER) `ovm_object_utils(TYPE_NAME)

such that you can supply one line of code and get both of the functions. `ovm_sequence_utils_begin(TYPE_NAME, SEQUENCER) `ovm_sequence_utils_end This macro is simply the combination of:
`ovm_register_sequence(TYPE_NAME, SEQUENCER) `ovm_object_utils_begin(TYPE_NAME) `ovm_object_utils_end

such that you can add any desired `ovm_field_* macros, for example:
`ovm_sequence_utils_begin(simple_seq, simple_sequencer) `ovm_field_int(status, OVM_ALL_ON) `ovm_sequence_utils_end

229

ovm_req_rsp_sequence#(REQ, RSP)
ovm_transaction

ovm_sequence_item

ovm_sequence

ovm_req_rsp_sequence#(REQ, RSP)

The ovm_req_rsp_sequence class provides parameterized interfaces that allow compile time checking of argument value types and also remove the need to cast return variable. Summary
class ovm_req_rsp_sequence #(type REQ = ovm_sequence_item, type RSP = ovm_sequence_item) extends ovm_sequence; // Constructor function new (input string name="ovm_req_rsp_sequence", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer = null, ovm_sequence parent_seq = null); // Apply task apply(input REQ this_req, output RSP this_rsp); endclass

File sequences/ovm_req_rsp_sequence.svh Virtual No

230

Members None Methods new

function new (input string name="ovm_sequence", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer=null, ovm_sequence parent_seq=null)

The constructor of the ovm_sequence species three arguments: the name, sequencer, and parent sequence. The name, which defaults to ovm_sequence, is the instance name of the sequence. The sequencer is the target sequencer for this item. The parent_seq is the parent sequence of this item. apply
task apply(input REQ this_req, output RSP this_rsp)

This task utilizes the super.apply() but requires the appropriate argument as parameterized by the REQ and RSP types.

231

ovm_random_sequence
ovm_transaction

ovm_sequence_item

ovm_sequence

ovm_random_sequence

The ovm_random_sequence class is a built-in sequence that is preloaded into every sequencers and virtual sequencers sequence library. This sequence is registered in the sequence library as ovm_random_sequence. This sequence randomly selects and executes a sequence from the sequencers sequence library, excluding ovm_random_sequence itself, and ovm_exhaustive_sequence. The number of selections and executions is determined by the count property of the sequencer (or virtual sequencer) on which ovm_random_sequence is operating. See ovm_sequencer_base on page 189 for more information. Summary
class ovm_random_sequence extends ovm_sequence; // Constructor function new (input string name="ovm_random_sequence", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer = null, ovm_sequence parent_seq = null); endclass

File sequences/ovm_sequence_builtin.svh
232

Virtual No Members None Methods None

233

ovm_exhaustive_sequence
ovm_transaction

ovm_sequence_item

ovm_sequence

ovm_exhaustive_sequence

The ovm_exhaustive_sequence class is a built-in sequence that is preloaded into every sequencers and virtual sequencers sequence library. This sequence is registered in the sequence library as ovm_exhaustive_sequence. This sequence randomly selects and executes each sequence from the sequencers sequence library once, excluding ovm_exhaustive_sequence itself, and ovm_random_sequence. Summary
class ovm_exhaustive_sequence extends ovm_sequence; // Constructor function new (input string name="ovm_exhaustive_sequence", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer = null, ovm_sequence parent_seq = null); endclass

File sequences/ovm_sequence_builtin.svh

234

Virtual No Members None Methods None

235

ovm_simple_sequence
ovm_transaction

ovm_sequence_item

ovm_sequence

ovm_simple_sequence

The ovm_simple_sequence class is a built-in sequence that is preloaded into every sequencers (but not virtual sequencers) sequence library. This sequence is registered in the sequence library as ovm_simple_sequence. This sequence simply executes a single sequence item. The item parameterization of the sequencer that the ovm_simple_sequence is executed on denes the actual type of the item executed. See ovm_sequencer on page 193 for more information. Summary
class ovm_simple_sequence extends ovm_sequence; // Constructor function new (input string name="ovm_simple_sequence", ovm_sequencer_base sequencer = null, ovm_sequence parent_seq = null); endclass

File sequences/ovm_sequence_builtin.svh

236

Virtual No Members None Methods None

237

Sequence Interface Classes

ovm_seq_item_prod_if
ovm_component

ovm_seq_item_prod_if

The ovm_seq_item_prod_if class provides the interfaces necessary to communicate with a sequence item producer (a sequencer). Summary
class ovm_seq_item_prod_if extends ovm_component; // Constructor function new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null); // Connection method function void connect_if(ovm_seq_item_cons_if seqr_if); // Producer interfaces task wait_for_sequences(); task get_next_item(output ovm_sequence_item item); task try_next_item(output ovm_sequence_item item); function void item_done(ovm_sequence_item item = null); function bit has_do_available(); endclass

File methodology/ovm_driver.svh

238

Virtual No Members None Methods new

new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null)

The constructor of the ovm_seq_item_prod_if species two arguments: the name and the parent component. The name, which defaults to an empty string, is the instance name of the ovm_seq_item_prod_if. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. connect_if
function void connect_if(ovm_seq_item_cons_if seqr_if)

This function is used to connect the ovm_seq_item_prod_if to an ovm_seq_item_cons_if object. get_next_item

task get_next_item(output ovm_sequence_item item)

This task should be called only when communicating with a sequencer that is set to operate in pull mode. When called, this task blocks indenitely until an item is provided. The output argument of this task is of the ovm_sequence_item type. try_next_item
task try_next_item(output ovm_sequence_item item)

239

This task should be called only when communicating with a sequencer that is set to operate in pull mode. When called, this task returns in the current simulation cycle whether an item or is provided or not. If no item can be provided, the output of this task is null. The output argument of this task is of the ovm_sequence_item type.

Note: try_next_item() returns in the same simulation cycle if there is no pending do action in the connected sequencer. When calling try_next_item(), if the sequencer does not succeed in choosing a do action before the time specied by the sequencers wait_for_sequences() task expires, then try_next_item() returns with the output set to null. The caller can use this output to determine what action to take. However, if a do action started execution during the current simulation cycle, then try_next_item() may take longer than a simulation cycle (for example, if you extend the pre_do() task to take longer than a simulation cycle). item_done
function void item_done(ovm_sequence_item item = null)

This function indicates to the producer that the consumer is done processing the item. The call can optionally take the item that has been processed as an argument. has_do_available
function bit has_do_available()

This function indicates whether the item producer connected to this interface has an item available for immediate processing. A return value of 1 indicates an item is available. A return value of 0 indicates that an item is not available. wait_for_sequences
task wait_for_sequences()

This task results in the wait_for_sequences() task of the sequencer which is connected to this ovm_seq_item_prod_if being called.
240

ovm_seq_item_cons_if
ovm_component

ovm_seq_item_cons_if_base

The ovm_seq_item_cons_if class provides the interfaces necessary in order to communicate with a sequence item consumer (a driver or another sequencer). The only user interface necessary from the sequence item consumer interface class perspective is the ability to connect this interface class to a sequence item producer interface class. Summary
class ovm_seq_item_cons_if extends ovm_component; // Constructor function new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null); // Connection method function void connect_if(ovm_seq_item_prod_if item_prod_if); endclass

File sequences/ovm_sequencer.svh Virtual No Members None

241

Methods new
new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null)

The constructor of the ovm_seq_item_cons_if species two arguments: the name and parent components. The name, which defaults to an empty string, is the instance name of the ovm_seq_item_cons_if. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. connect_if
function void connect_if(ovm_seq_item_prod_if item_prod_if)

This function is used to connect an ovm_seq_item_cons_if to an ovm_seq_item_prod_if.

242

ovm_seq_prod_if
ovm_component

ovm_seq_prod_if

The ovm_seq_prod_if class provides the interfaces necessary in order to communicate with a sequence producer (i.e. a virtual sequencer). The only user interface necessary from the sequence producer interface class perspective is the ability to connect this interface class to a sequence consumer interface class. Summary
class ovm_seq_prod_if extends ovm_component; // Constructor function new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null); // Connection method function void connect_if(ovm_seq_cons_if vseq_if); endclass

File sequences/ovm_sequencer_base.svh Virtual No Members None

243

Methods new
new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null)

The constructor of the ovm_seq_prod_if species two arguments: the name and parent components. The name, which defaults to an empty string, is the instance name of the ovm_seq_prod_if. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. connect_if
function void connect_if(ovm_seq_cons_if vseq_if)

This function is used to connect ovm_seq_prod_if to ovm_seq_cons_if.

244

ovm_seq_cons_if
ovm_component

ovm_seq_cons_if

The ovm_seq_cons_if class provides the interfaces necessary in order to communicate with a sequence consumer (for example, a sequencer). Summary
class ovm_seq_cons_if extends ovm_component; // Constructor function new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null); // Connection method function void connect_if(ovm_seq_prod_if seqr_if); // Status Interfaces function bit is_connected(); function bit is_virtual_sequencer(); function string get_sequencer_type_name(); // Root Sequence Execution Interface task start_sequence(ovm_sequence this_seq); // Grab Interfaces task grab(ovm_sequence this_seq); function void ungrab(ovm_sequence this_seq); function ovm_sequence current_grabber(); function bit is_grabbed(); endclass

245

File sequences/ovm_virtual_sequencer.svh Virtual No Members None Methods new

new (input string name="", ovm_component parent = null)

The constructor of the ovm_seq_cons_if species two arguments: the name and parent components. The name, which defaults to an empty string, is the instance name of the ovm_seq_cons_if. The parent is the enclosing hierarchical component. connect_if
function void connect_if(ovm_seq_prod_if vseq_if)

This function is used to connect ovm_seq_cons_if to ovm_seq_prod_if. is_connected

function bit is_connected()

This function indicates whether this interface is connected. A 1 return value means the interface is connected. is_virtual_sequencer
function bit is_virtual_sequencer()

246

This function indicates whether the interface is connected to a sequencer or a virtual sequencer. A 1 return value means the interface is connected to a virtual sequencer. If this function is called and the interface is not connected, a fatal error occurs. Consequently, you should use is_connected() before calling this function. get_sequencer_type_name
function string get_sequencer_type_name()

This function returns the type name of the connected sequencer or virtual sequencer. If this interface is not connected, this function returns NOT_CONNECTED. start_sequence
task start_sequence(ovm_sequence this_seq)

This task starts this_seq as a root sequence on the sequencer (or virtual sequencer) connected to this interface. start_sequence() triggers the this_seq start event, executes the pre_body(), body() and post_body() tasks, and then triggers the this_seq end event. this_seq must be allocated and randomized before calling this task. grab
task grab(ovm_sequence this_seq)

This task requests exclusive access to the connected sequencers action queue. When this task returns, this_seq has been granted exclusive access and items done by this_seq and its sub-sequences will have priority for processing in the action queue over items done by other sequences. Other sequences attempting to grab will be blocked until exclusive access can be granted. Sub-sequences of the current grabbing sequence can further be granted exclusive access by performing another grab. If this task is called on an ovm_seq_cons_if that is connected to a virtual sequencer, a fatal error occurs since virtual sequencer cannot be grabbed (grab only affects scheduling of items and virtual sequencer do not do itemsonly sequences).

247

ungrab
function void ungrab(ovm_sequence this_seq)

This task removes exclusive access to the connected sequencers action queue that has been granted to seq. An error occurs if a sequence that does not hold the exclusive access performs an ungrab(). If this task is called on an ovm_seq_cons_if that is connected to a virtual sequencer, a fatal error occurs since virtual sequencer cannot be grabbed (grab only affects scheduling of items and virtual sequencer do not do itemsonly sequences). current_grabber
function ovm_sequence current_grabber()

This function returns a reference of type ovm_sequence to the current grabbing sequence on the connected sequencer. If there is no grabbing sequence, a null object is returned. If this task is called on an ovm_seq_cons_if that is connected to a virtual sequencer, a fatal error occurs since virtual sequencer cannot be grabbed (grab only affects scheduling of items and virtual sequencer do not do itemsonly sequences). is_grabbed
function bit is_grabbed()

This function returns a bit indicating whether or not the connected sequencer is grabbed. A 1 indicates that a sequence is currently grabbing. A 0 indicates that no sequence is currently grabbing. If this task is called on an ovm_seq_cons_if that is connected to a virtual sequencer, a fatal error occurs since virtual sequencer cannot be grabbed (grab only affects scheduling of items and virtual sequencer do not do itemsonly sequences).

248

Layered Stimulus
Figure 1-5 UML Diagram for Layered Stimulus Classes

ovm_threaded_component

ovm_scenario_driver_base

ovm_scenario_driver

249

ovm_scenario
#(REQ = ovm_sequence_item, RSP = ovm_sequence_item)

The ovm_scenario class provides the interfaces necessary to create and control streams of sequence_items and other scenarios. Summary
class ovm_scenario #(REQ = ovm_sequence_item, RSP = ovm_sequence_item); //Constructor Function new (input string name); virtual task apply_request(input REQ data_req); virtual task apply_send(input REQ data_req); virtual task apply(input REQ data_req, output RSP data_rsp); virtual function void grant(ovm_scenario_driver_base driver_ptr); function int get_id(); function ovm_scenario_base get_parent_scenario(); function int get_depth(); function string get_scenario_path_name(); task lock(); function void unlock(); function bit is_blocked(); virtual task start(ovm_scenario_controller_base scenario_controller, ovm_scenario_base parent_seq = null); virtual task pre_apply(); virtual task mid_apply(); virtual task post_apply(); virtual task pre_body(); virtual task body(); virtual task post_body(); end class

Virtual No

250

Methods new
function new (input string name);

The constructor of ovm_scenario species the name of the sequence. pre_body

virtual task pre_body()

The pre_body called back is executed when a scenario is started. The pre_body call occurs immediately before the body() is executed. Note: You should not call this task directly body
virtual task body()

The body task is the main method of the scenario. The body callback is where a scenario is expected to communicate with the sequence_controller to issue requests. Note: You should not call this task directly post_body
virtual task post_body()

The post_body task is called immediately after the body() task completes. Note: You should not call this task directly pre_apply
virtual task pre_apply()

The pre_apply task is called when a scenario has requested to send an item, and the scenario_controller has granted this sequence. This task is called immediately after the grant, but before the item is randomized Note: You should not call this task directly

251

mid_apply
virtual task mid_apply()

The mid_apply task is called when a scenario has requested to send an item, and after the item has been randomized. This task is called just before the item is to be sent to the driver. Note: You should not call this task directly apply
virtual task apply(input ovm_sequence_item REQ, output ovm_sequence_item RSP);

The apply task should be called from inside the body of the scenario. The apply argument executes a sequence item. It will issue a request, randomize the REQ sequence item send it to the driver, and wait for the RSP sequence_item to be returned from the driver. The pre_apply, mid_apply, and post_apply tasks will be called at the appropriate times. apply_request
virtual task apply_request(input REQ data_req);

This task is called by both the apply and apply_send methods. It issues the request to the scenario_controller, and waits for the grant to be issued. Pre_apply, randomization, and mid_apply are called by this task. apply_send
virtual task apply_send(input REQ data_req);

This task is called by the apply method, and may be called directly by the body if you want to break up the apply() method. For example if a driver does not send a response back to the scenario, then this call should be used. Be aware that this task will result in pre_apply and mid_apply being called, but not post_apply. grant
virtual function void grant(ovm_scenario_driver_base driver_ptr);

The grant function is called by the scenario_controller when a previously issued request is granted. The scenario_controller returns a pointer to the driver that the scenario is being granted access to. The pointer is provided so that a scenario and driver may start direct arbitrary communication with each other if necessary. In general, if a single ovm_sequence_item is not sufcient, then a ovm_scenario_noparam should be used.
252

post_apply
virtual task post_apply()

The post_apply task is called after the response has been received from the driver. It is the last callback called before the apply task returns control to the scenario body. Note: You should not call this task directly. start
virtual task start(ovm_scenario_controller_base scenario_controller, ovm_scenario_base parent_seq = null);

Used to start the execution of a scenario on a scenario_controller. Start will cause the pre_body, body, and post_body tasks to be called, and the scenario to communicate with the scenario_controller indicated in the rst argument. The rst argument species the scenario_controller that this scenario is to communicate with. The second argument species the parent scenario. If the parent_scenario is null, then this is a parent scenario. If non-null, then this is a child scenario. Be aware that the scenario hierarchy is import for locks. is_relevant
virtual function bit is_relevant()

This function is a hook to indicate to the scenario controller if the scenario is currently ready to provide a sequence_item, after the scenario has already issued a request through the apply() method. The default implementation returns a 1'b1, which indicates that the scenario is ready. If for some reason the scenario has requested to send an item, and then the item is not ready for some period of time, then is_relevant must return a 1'b0 until the sequence_item is ready. lock
task lock();

The lock task will request that this scenario and all of its children receive a lock from the scenario_controller. This task will return after the scenario_controller grants the lock. The scenario_controller will arbitrate the lock along with any requests received from other scenarios.
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Once the lock has been granted, the scenario_controller will grant requests only from the owner of the lock, or any children scenarios of the locking scenario. Children of a locked scenario may also request a lock. When that lock is granted, only the child or children of the child will be granted access to a driver by the scenario_controller. unlock
function void unlock();

The unlock function will release a lock owned by a particular scenario. Only the scenario that issued the lock will successfully unlock. is_blocked
function bit is_blocked();

This function will return a bit indicating if any existing locks will prevent this scenario from being granted access by the scenario_controller. A return value of 0'b0 indicates that there are currently no locks preventing this scenario from being granted access.

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ovm_scenario_controller
#(ovm_sequence_item REQ, ovm_sequence_item GNT):

The ovm_scenario_controller provides the arbitration and interconnect between one or more ovm_scenario and an ovm_scenario_driver. Summary
class ovm_scenario_controller #(ovm_sequence_item REQ, ovm_sequence_item GNT): function new (string name, ovm_component parent, ovm_scenario_controller_base push_if = null); function void request(ovm_scenario_base scenario_ptr); task driver_request (input ovm_scenario_driver_base driver_ptr, output ovm_scenario_base chosen_scen ); // For driver ports to connect to the request_driver ovm_blocking_get_export #(REQ) get_req_export; ovm_blocking_put_export #(RSP) put_rsp_export; // For stimulus generators to connect to the stimulus scenario ovm_blocking_put_export #(REQ) put_req_export; end class

Virtual No Methods new

function new (string name, ovm_component parent, ovm_scenario_controller_base push_if = null);

The constructor of ovm_scenario_controller takes two arguments, plus an optional third argument. The name and parent component are the required rst two arguments. The third argument defaults to null, which is the normal case. If the push_if is non-null, then the scenario_controller will forward all scenario requests to a downstream scenario_controller.
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All arbitration will be done by the downstream scenario_controller. request

function void request(ovm_scenario_base scenario_ptr);

request is called by one or more scenarios to request access to a driver. The scenario_controller will arbitrate requests, and call grant for a selected scenario each time the driver indicates it is ready to start a new operation. driver_request
task driver_request (input ovm_scenario_driver_base driver_ptr, output

driver_request is called by a driver to indicate to the scenario_controller that it is ready to start a new operation. driver_request causes the scenario_controller to choose a scenario and issue a grant. ports The scenario_controller provides ports for both the driver and the scenarios to communicate. The driver and scenarios must both be written to either use the scenario_controller ports, or to communicate directly. driver ports
ovm_blocking_get_export #(REQ) get_req_export; ovm_blocking_put_export #(RSP) put_rsp_export;

A driver may directly access items through TLM connections to these ports, or through the get_next_item() function call in the ovm_scenario_driver_base. stimulus generator port
ovm_blocking_put_export #(REQ) put_req_export;

A stimulus generator may be connected directly through a tlm connect call to the scenario_controller by connecting the put_req_export of the scenario_generator. When an item is put on this port, the scenario_controller will arbitrate this request in parallel with all other sequence requests.

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ovm_scenario_driver
#(ovm_sequence_item REQ, ovm_sequence_item RSP)

The ovm_scenario_driver accepts sequence_items from the scenario_controller for driving into the DUT. A typical ovm_scenario_driver contains a BFM for driving pin-level signals along with some logic to convert the transaction-level ovm_sequence_item to an RTL-level operation. The ovm_scenario_driver may also respond back to the ovm_scenario_controller with a response ovm_sequence_item either to indicate to the selected scenario that the operation is complete, or to provide response data back to the scenario. Summary
virtual class ovm_scenario_driver #(type REQ = ovm_sequence_item, type RSP = ovm_sequence_item); function new (string name, ovm_component parent); function void set_scenario_controller(ovm_scenario_controller_base scenario_controller_ptr); virtual task get_next_item(output REQ req_item); end class

Virtual No Methods new

function new (string name, ovm_component parent);

The constructor of ovm_scenario_driver requires the name and parent components. set_scenario_controller
function void set_scenario_controller(ovm_scenario_controller_base scenario_controller_ptr);

The set_scenario_controller function provides a pointer to the scenario_controller that will supply sequence_items for the scenario_driver. When using pointer-based TLM communication, this function must

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be called before the scenario_driver can issue requests for items from the scenario_controller. get_next_item
virtual task get_next_item(output REQ req_item);

The scenario_driver can call get_next_item to issue a driver_request to the scenario_controller and return a sequence_item. Each call to get_next_item will return a sequence_item from a scenario selected by the scenario_controller.

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OVM Macros
OVM provides a number of macros to make common code easier to write. It is never necessary to use the macros, but in many cases the macros can save a substantial amount of user written code. The OVM macros include:
s s s s s

Utility Macros Fields Macros Factory Registration Macros Array Printing Macros Sequence Action Macros.

Utility Macros
The utility macros provide overrides for the create() method, which is needed for cloning, and the get_type_name() method, which is needed for a number of debugging features. These macros also perform the factory registration of the class type. Below is an example usage of the utility macros with the eld macros. By using the macros, you do not have to implement any of the data methods to get all of the capabilities of an ovm_object.
class mydata extends ovm_object; string str; mydata subdata; int field; myenum e1; int queue[$]; `ovm_object_utils_begin(mydata) //requires ctor with default args `ovm_field_string(str, OVM_DEFAULT) `ovm_field_object(subdata, OVM_DEFAULT) `ovm_field_int(field, OVM_DEC) //use decimal radix `ovm_field_enum(e1, OVM_DEFAULT) `ovm_field_queue_int(queue, OVM_DEFAULT) `ovm_object_utils_end endclass

259

`ovm_object_utils
`ovm_object_utils (TYPE)

This macro implements get_type_name(), returning a value of TYPE and implements create() by instantiating an object of TYPE using the default constructor (no arguments). This method also registers TYPE with the factory as an object type, using the string TYPE as the factory lookup string for the type. `ovm_object_utils_begin and `ovm_object_utils_end
`ovm_object_utils_begin (TYPE) `ovm_object_utils_end

These macros form a block in which `ovm_field_* macros can be placed. The ovm_object_utils_begin macro does all of the same overrides that ovm_object_utils does, and also starts the block necessary for the ovm_field_* macros to be placed. `ovm_component_utils
`ovm_component_utils (TYPE)

This macro implements get_type_name(), returning a value of TYPE and implements create() by instantiating an object of TYPE using a two argument constructor (the constructor must have a name and a parent argument). This method also registers TYPE with the factory as a component type, using the string TYPE as the factory lookup string for the type. `ovm_component_utils_begin and `ovm_component_utils_end
`ovm_component_utils_begin (TYPE) `ovm_component_utils_end

These macros form a block in which `ovm_field_* macros can be placed. The ovm_component_utils_begin macro does all of the same overrides that ovm_component_utils does, and also starts the block necessary for the ovm_field_* macros to be placed. `ovm_eld_utils_begin and `ovm_eld_utils_end
`ovm_field_utils_begin (TYPE)

260

`ovm_field_utils_end

These macros form a block in which `ovm_field_* macros can be placed. These macros do NOT perform factory registration, set get_type_name(), or override the create method. These macros are used when you want to use the eld macros, but you also want to explicitly implement the required overrides. This macro set is also useful when you are setting up eld macros for an abstract class.

Fields Macros
The eld macros can be placed inside of the `ovm_*_utils_begin and 'ovm_*_utils_end macro blocks to set up automation of elds. The automation of the elds means that the elds automatically get an implementation for all of the data methods: copy, compare, pack, unpack, record, print, sprint. A flag argument is specied to indicate which, if any, of the data methods NOT to implement. The ags and their description are listed below. Flags can be bitwise ORed together (in most cases they may be added together as well, but care must be taken when using the + operator to ensure that the same bit is not added more than once). Table 1-5 Field Macro Flags Flag OVM_DEFAULT OVM_ALL_ON OVM_COPY OVM_NOCOPY OVM_COMPARE OVM_NOCOMPARE OVM_PRINT OVM_NOPRINT Meaning Use the default ag settings. Set all operations on (default). Do a copy for this eld (default). Do not copy this eld. Do a compare for this eld (default). Do not compare this eld. Print this eld (default). Do not print this eld.

261

OVM_NODEFPRINT OVM_PACK OVM_NOPACK OVM_PHYSICAL

Do not print the eld if it is the same as its default value. Pack and unpack this eld (default). Do not pack or unpack this eld. Treat as a physical eld. Use physical setting in policy class for this eld. Treat as an abstract eld. Use the abstract setting in the policy class for this eld. Do not allow setting of this eld from the set_*_local methods. Radix settings for integral types. Hex is the default radix if none is specied.

OVM_ABSTRACT

OVM_READONLY

OVM_BIN, OVM_DEC, OVM_UNSIGNED, OVM_OCT, OVM_HEX, OVM_STRING, OVM_TIME, OVM_NORADIX

`ovm_eld_int
`ovm_field_int (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for packed integral types. `ovm_eld_enum
`ovm_field_enum (TYPE, ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for enumerated types. For enums, the TYPE argument is necessary to specify the enumerated type. This is needed because of SystemVerilog strong typing rules with respect to enumerated types. `ovm_eld_object
`ovm_field_object (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for ovm_object derived objects. `ovm_eld_string
`ovm_field_string (ARG, FLAG)

262

This macro implements the data operations for string types. `ovm_eld_array_int
`ovm_field_array_int (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for dynamic arrays of integral types. `ovm_eld_array_object
`ovm_field_array_object (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for dynamic arrays of ovm_object types. `ovm_eld_array_string
`ovm_field_array_string (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for dynamic arrays of string types. `ovm_eld_queue_int
`ovm_field_queue_int (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for queues of integral types. `ovm_eld_queue_object
`ovm_field_queue_object (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for queue of ovm_object types. `ovm_eld_queue_string
`ovm_field_queue_string (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for queues of string types. `ovm_eld_aa_int_string
`ovm_field_aa_int_string (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for associative arrays of integral types with string keys.

263

`ovm_eld_aa_object_string
`ovm_field_aa_object_string (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for associative arrays of ovm_object types with string keys. `ovm_eld_aa_string_string
`ovm_field_aa_string_string (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for associative arrays of string types with string keys. `ovm_eld_aa_int_<key_type>
`ovm_field_aa_int_<key_type> (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for associative arrays of integral types with integral keys. The key type can be any of the following: int, integer, int_unsigned, integer_unsigned, byte, byte_unsigned, shortint, shortint_unsigned, longint, longint_unsigned. `ovm_eld_aa_string_int
`ovm_field_aa_string_int (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for associative arrays of string types with int keys. `ovm_eld_aa_object_int
`ovm_field_aa_object_int (ARG, FLAG)

This macro implements the data operations for associative arrays of ovm_object types with int keys.

Factory Registration Macros

These macros are used to simplify factory registration. They can be used inside or outside of a class.

264

`ovm_object_registry(TYPE, STR) This macro is very similar to the ovm_object_registry#(T,S) class for registering a data object type with the factory. TYPE is the type to be registered, and STR is the name that the factory will use to look up the name. Normally, STR is the same as TYPE. However, it is sometimes useful to use an alias name. It is legal to register more than one string to produce the same type. `ovm_component_registry(TYPE, STR) This macro is very similar to the ovm_component_registry#(T,S) class for registering a component type with the factory. TYPE is the type to be registered, and STR is the name that the factory will use to look up the name. Normally, STR is the same as TYPE. However, it is sometimes useful to use an alias name. It is legal to register more than one string to produce the same type.

Array Printing Macros

The array printing macros can be used inside of the do_print() method of an ovm_object derived class to add the appropriate code from printing a queue, dynamic array or associative array. `print_aa_int_object2
`print_aa_int_object2 (field, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of ovm_object types with an int key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. `print_aa_int_key4
`print_aa_int_key (key_type, field, radix, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of integral types with an arbitrary key type.

265

key_type is the type of the indexing variable for the array. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. radix is the radix to use for each element. printer is the printer to use. `print_aa_string_int3
`print_aa_string_int3 (field, radix, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of integral types with a string key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. radix is the radix to use for the elements. printer is the printer to use. `print_aa_string_object2
`print_aa_string_object2 (field, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of ovm_object types with a string key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. `print_aa_string_string2
`print_aa_string_string2 (field, printer)

This macro implements array printing for an associative array of string types with a string key. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. `print_object_qda3
`print_string_qda3 (field, printer, arraytype)

This macro implements array printing for an ovm_object array type.

266

field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. arraytype is the type name to use when printing the array (no quotes are used). `print_qda_int4
`print_qda_int4 (field, radix, printer, arraytype)

This macro implements array printing for an integral array type. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. radix is the radix to use for the elements. printer is the printer to use. arraytype is the type name to use when printing the array (no quotes are used). `print_string_qda3
`print_string_qda3 (field, printer, arraytype)

This macro implements array printing for a string array type. field is the eld to print and is also used as the name of the eld. printer is the printer to use. arraytype is the type name to use when printing the array (no quotes are used).

Sequence Action Macros

The sequence action macros simplify item and sequence execution. They are invoked within the body() task of sequences. Each macro performs one or more of the following steps on an item or sequence. 1. CreateAllocates and initializes the sequencer and parent sequence of the item or sequence. Any previously allocated data for the variable (if the variable is not null) is lost. 2. Synchronize with sequencerIf the variable is an item, the item waits until the sequencer acknowledges that the item can continue. If the variable is a sequence, no synchronization with the sequencer occurs.

267

3. pre_doExecute the pre_do() user hook of the sequence executing the action. If the variable is an item, pre_do() is called with the argument set to 1. If the variable is a sequence, then pre_do() is called with the argument set to 0. 4. RandomizeRandomize the variable. If randomization fails, a warning is issued. 5. mid_doExecute the mid_do() user hook of the sequence executing the action. The mid_do() is called with the argument being the item currently executing. 6. Post synchronization/body executionIf the variable is an item, the variable is provided to the sequencer with an indication that the item is ready to be provided to the consumer. Then, the action waits until the item has been consumed. If the variable is a sequence, its body() method is executed. 7. post_do Execute the post_do() user hook of the sequence executing the action. The post_do() is called with argument being the variable that was just executed. Action Macros `ovm_do
`ovm_do(variable)

Performs all seven of the listed steps. The variable must be ovm_sequence_item or ovm_sequence. `ovm_do_with
`ovm_do_with(variable, {constraint-block} )

Performs all seven of the listed steps. However, the Randomize step performs a randomize() with using the constraints supplied in the second argument. The constraint block must include the curly braces. The variable must be ovm_sequence_item or ovm_sequence. For example:
`ovm_do_with(trans, { addr > 0 && addr < 'h800; } )

`ovm_create
`ovm_create(variable)

Performs only the Create step. This action provides a variable that is initialized for execution such that you can then manipulate the variable before execution.

268

One example is to turn off constrains and/or disable the randomization mode on properties of the variable. If a propertys randomization mode is 0, any values set will be preserved after randomization. The variable must be ovm_sequence_item or ovm_sequence. `ovm_send
`ovm_send(variable)

Performs steps 2 through 7, and skips step 4. This action provides a means to execute a variable without any randomization occurring. The variable must be initialized before executing this action using either `ovm_create or new() with the appropriate sequencer and parent sequence settings. The variable must be ovm_sequence_item or ovm_sequence. `ovm_rand_send
`ovm_rand_send(variable)

Performs steps 2 through 7. The variable must be initialized before executing this action using either `ovm_create or new() with the appropriate sequencer and parent sequence settings. The variable must be ovm_sequence_item or ovm_sequence. `ovm_rand_send_with
`ovm_rand_send_with(variable, {constraint-block} )

Performs steps 2 through 7. The variable must be initialized before executing this action using either `ovm_create or new() with the appropriate sequencer and parent sequence settings. This is similar to the `ovm_rand_send action, except the randomization step applies the given constraints using randomize()with. The variable must be ovm_sequence_item or ovm_sequence. `ovm_do_seq
`ovm_do_seq(variable, seq_cons_if )

269

Performs all steps, however, this action is used in virtual sequences to execute sequences on other sequencers. The rst argument must include a variable of the sequence type to be executed. The second argument is the sequence consumer interface connected to the sequencer on which the sequence is to be executed. The variable should not be ovm_sequence_item. `ovm_do_seq_with
`ovm_do_seq_with(variable, seq_cons_if, {constraint-block} )

Performs all steps, however, this action is used in virtual sequences to execute sequences on other sequencers. The rst argument must a variable of the sequence type to be executed. The second argument is the sequence consumer interface connected to the sequencer on which the sequence is to be executed. This is similar to the `ovm_do_seq action, except the randomization step applies the given constraints using randomize()with. The constraints are applied to the variable. The variable should not be ovm_sequence_item. `ovm_create_seq
`ovm_create_seq (variable, seq_cons_if)

Performs only the Create step. This action creates a sequence inside a virtual sequence that can be executed on the sequencer connected to the sequence consumer interface provided as the second argument. Like `ovm_create, the variable can be manually manipulated before execution. Execution of the variable can be achieved using `ovm_send, `ovm_rand_send, or `ovm_rand_send_with action. The variable should not be ovm_sequence_item.

270

Transactions
ovm_built_in_clone
#(type T=int)

This policy class is used to clone built-in types. It is used to build generic components that will work with either classes or built-in types. Summary
class ovm_built_in_clone #(type T=int); static function T clone(input T from); end class

File methodology/ovm_policies.svh Virtual No Parameters

type T = int

The return type of the clone() method. Members None Methods clone
static function T clone(input T from)

Returns the value of from.

271

ovm_built_in_comp
#(type T=int)

This policy class is used to compare built-in types. It is used to build generic components that work with either classes or built-in types. Summary
class ovm_built_in_comp #(type T=int); static function bit comp(input T a, input T b); end class

File methodology/ovm_policies.svh. Virtual No Parameters

type T = int

The type of the items to be compared. Members None Methods comp

static function bit comp(input T a, input T b)

Returns the value of a==b.

272

ovm_built_in_converter
#(type T=int)

This policy class is used to convert built-in types to strings. It is used to build generic components that will work with either classes or built-in types. Summary
class ovm_built_in_converter #(type T=int); static function string convert2string(input T t); end class

File methodology/ovm_policies.svh Virtual No Parameters

type T = int

The type of the item to be converted. Members None Methods convert2string

static function string convert2string(input T t);

Returns the value of t as a string.

273

ovm_built_in_pair
#(type T1=int, type T2=T1) extends ovm_transaction

This class represents a pair of built in types. Summary

class ovm_built_in_pair #(type T1=int, type T2=T1) extends ovm_transaction; virtual function string convert2string(); function bit comp(this_type t); function void copy(input this_type t); function ovm_transaction clone(); end class

File utils/ovm_pair.svh Virtual No Parameters

type T1 = int

The type of the rst element of the pair.

type T2 = T1

The type of the second element of the pair. By default, the two types are the same. Members
typedef ovm_built_in_pair #(T1, T2) this_type T1 first

The rst element of the pair.

T2 second

The second element of the pair.

274

Methods Since ovm_built_in_pair is a transaction class, it provides the four compulsory methods as dened by ovm_object. convert2string
virtual function string convert2string()

comp
function bit comp(this_type t)

copy
function void copy(input this_type t)

clone
function ovm_transaction clone()

275

ovm_class_clone
#(type T=int)

This policy class is used to clone classes. It is used to build generic components that work with either classes or built-in types. Summary
class ovm_class_clone #(type T=int); static function ovm_transaction clone(input T from); end class

File methodology/ovm_policies.svh Virtual No Members None Methods clone

static function ovm_transaction clone(input T from)

This method returns from.clone().

276

ovm_class_comp
#(type T=int)

This policy class is used to compare classes. It is used to build generic components that work with either built-in types or classes. Summary
class ovm_class_comp #(type T=int); static function bit comp(input T a, input T b); end class

File methodology/ovm_policies.svh Virtual No Members None Methods comp

static function bit comp(input T a, input T b)

This method returns a.comp(b).

277

ovm_class_converter
#(type T=int)

This policy class is used to convert classes to strings. It is used to build generic components that work with either built-in types or classes. Summary
class ovm_class_converter #(type T=int); static function string convert2string(input T t); end class

File base/ovm_policies.svh Virtual No Members None Methods convert2string

static function string convert2string(input T t)

This method returns t.convert2string().

278

ovm_class_pair
#(type T1=int, type T2=T1) extends ovm_transaction

This class represents a pair of classes. Summary

class ovm_class_pair #(type T1=int, type T2=T1) extends ovm_transaction; function new(input T1 f=null, input T2 s=null); function string convert2string; function bit comp(this_type t); function void copy(input this_type t); function ovm_transaction clone; end class

File methodology/ovm_pairs.svh Virtual No Members

typedef ovm_class_pair #(T1, T2) this_type T1 first

This is the rst element in the pair.

T2 second

This is the second element in the pair. Methods new

function new(input T1 f=null, input T2 s=null)

A constructor, with optional arguments for rst and second. No cloning is performed for nondefault values.

279

convert2string
function string convert2string

comp
function bit comp(this_type t)

copy
function void copy(input this_type t)

clone
function ovm_transaction clone

Since ovm_built_in_pair is a transaction class, it provides the four compulsory methods as dened by ovm_object.

280

Index
A
Array Printing Macros print_aa_int_key4 265 print_aa_int_object2 265 print_aa_string_int3 266 print_aa_string_object2 266 print_aa_string_string2 266 print_object_qda3 266 print_qda_int4 267 print_string_qda3 267

C
Classes for Connectors 149 Comparators 209 ovm_algorithmic_comparator 212 ovm_in_order_built_in_comparator 210 ovm_in_order_class_comparator 211 ovm_in_order_comparator 215 Component Hierarchy 30 ovm_component 30 ovm_env 58 ovm_phase 61 ovm_threaded_component 54 Components 180 ovm_agent 185 ovm_driver 187 ovm_monitor 198 ovm_random_stimulus 181 ovm_req_rsp_driver#(REQ, RSP) 207 ovm_scoreboard 200 ovm_sequencer 193 ovm_sequencer_base 189 ovm_subscriber 205 ovm_test 183 ovm_virtual_sequencer 202

B
Base ovm_object 11 ovm_transaction 23 ovm_void 10 Bi-Directional Interfaces bi-if blocking_master 152 blocking_slave 152 blocking_transport 152 master 152 nonblocking_master 152 nonblocking_slave 152 nonblocking_transport 152 slave 152 transport 152 ovm_bi-if_export 152 ovm_bi-if_imp 152 ovm_bi-if_port 152 Built-In TLM Channels 168 tlm_analysis_fifo 169 tlm_fifo 171 tlm_req_rsp_channel 175 tlm_transport_channel 178

F
Factory 88 ovm_component_registry #(typeT, string Tname) 90 ovm_factory 94 ovm_factory_wrapper 88 ovm_object_registry #(typeT, string Tname) 92 Factory Registration Macros ovm_component_registry 265 ovm_object_registry 265 Fields Macros

281

ovm_field_aa_int_key_type 264 ovm_field_aa_int_string 263 ovm_field_aa_object_int 264 ovm_field_aa_object_string 264 ovm_field_aa_string_int 264, 265 ovm_field_aa_string_string 264 ovm_field_array_int 263 ovm_field_array_object 263 ovm_field_array_string 263 ovm_field_enum 262 ovm_field_int 262 ovm_field_object 262 ovm_field_queue_int 263 ovm_field_queue_object 263 ovm_field_queue_string 263 ovm_field_string 262

ovm_printer 128 ovm_recorder 125 Policy Knobs 138 ovm_hier_printer_knobs 142 ovm_printer_knobs 138 ovm_table_printer_knobs 140, 142 ovm_tree_printer_knobs 143 Printer Examples 143 Ports and Exports 153 ovm_bi-if_export 155 ovm_bi-if_imp 163 ovm_bi-if_port 159 ovm_port_base 165 ovm_uni-if_imp 161 ovm_uni-if_port 157

L
Layered Stimulus 249 ovm_scenario 250 ovm_scenario_controller 255 ovm_scenario_driver 257

R
Reporting 67 ovm_report_handler 77 ovm_report_object 68 ovm_report_server 83 ovm_reporter 76

M
Macros 259 Array Printing Macros 265 Factory Registration Macros 264 Fields Macros 261 Sequence Action Macros 267 Utility Macros 259

S
Sequence Action Macros ovm_create 268 ovm_create_seq 270 ovm_do 268 ovm_do_seq 269 ovm_do_seq_with 270 ovm_do_with 268 ovm_rand_send 269 ovm_rand_send_with 269 ovm_send 269 Sequence Interface Classes 238 ovm_seq_cons_if 245 ovm_seq_item_cons_if 241 ovm_seq_item_prod_if 238 ovm_seq_prod_if 243 Sequences 218 ovm_exhaustive_sequence 234
282

P
Policies 114 default_line_printer 131 default_printer 131 default_table_printer 131 default_tree_printer 131 ovm_comparer 114 ovm_packer 119

ovm_random_sequence 232 ovm_req_rsp_sequence#(REQ, RSP) 230 ovm_sequence 222 ovm_sequence_item 218 ovm_simple_sequence 236 Synchronization 98 ovm_barrier 108 ovm_barrier_pool 111 ovm_event 98 ovm_event_callback 106 ovm_event_pool 103

T
TLM Interfaces 145 Bi-Directional Interfaces 152 Classes for Connectors 149 tlm_if_base 146 Uni-Directional Interfaces 151 Transactions 271 ovm_built_in_clone 271 ovm_built_in_comp 272 ovm_built_in_converter 273 ovm_built_in_pair 274 ovm_class_clone 276 ovm_class_comp 277 ovm_class_converter 278 ovm_class_pair 279

nonblocking_get 151 nonblocking_get_peek 151 nonblocking_peek 151 nonblocking_put 151 peek 151 put 151 Utility Macros ovm_component_utils 260 ovm_component_utils_begin 260 ovm_component_utils_end 260 ovm_field_utils_begin 260 ovm_field_utils_end 260 ovm_object_utils 260 ovm_object_utils_begin 260 ovm_object_utils_end 260

U
Uni-Directional Interfaces 151 ovm_uni-if_export 151 ovm_uni-if_imp 151 ovm_uni-if_port 151 uni-if analysis 151 blocking_get 151 blocking_get_peek 151 blocking_peek 151 blocking_put 151 get 151 get_peek 151
283

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