8 Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health

HEALTH
First Quarter-Module 3
Issues and Problem Related to Human Sexuality

Writer: Gemmelyn P. Rodriguez

Cover Illustrator: John Orville Munar
Illustrator: Queenie A. Calumpang

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 What I Need to Know
After acquiring new learnings about human sexuality and its factors, you will currently
be presented to the issues and concerns teens are usually facing in regards to their
sexuality. In this module you will find out about identity crisis and nature and prevention
of Sexually Transmitted Infections like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

This module has 3 topics

1. Issues and problems related to sexuality such as:
● Identity crisis and alike
● Sexually Transmitted Infections (Common STIs, HIV, AIDS)
2. Decision making/refusal skill
3. Government Policies in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other STIs

● identifies the different issues/concerns of teenagers (i.e., identity crisis) and

the need for support and understanding of the family ]
● applies decision making skills in managing sexuality related issues
● define identity crisis and the other different issues/concerns of teenagers (STIs,
HIVs, AIDS)
● compare STI, HIV and AIDS
● demonstrate decision making skills in managing sexuality related issues

What I Know
I. Identify the word that corresponds to the sentence. Choose your answers from
the given choices inside the box. Write your answer before each number
CONDOM ABSTINENCE ANTIBIOTICS SEMEN
IMMUNE SYSTEM GONORRHEA CD4 CELLS AIDS
STI CHEMOTHERAPY UNPROTECTED SEX HERPES
ANTIRETROVIRALS HIV BREASTFEEDING SALIVA

1. The high concentration of HIV is found in four body fluids. These

are blood ___________, breastmilk and vaginal fluids
2. The most effective method to prevent HIV transmission
3. A combination of medicines which slows down the replication of
HIV
4. It is a type of white blood cell that protects the body against
infection and decreases in number during HIV infection

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 5. HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy,
delivery and_____________
6. It is a condition of a person infected with HIV when his or her
immune system is already weak or destroyed and the body can no
longer fight infections
7. Infections that are passed through unprotected sex. HIV and
syphilis are examples of this infection
8. In the Philippines, this is the most common way of HIV
transmission.
9. A common STI with symptoms of genital discharge with pus or
Tulo.
10. Correct and consistent use of __________ is a reliable method to
prevent the spread of HIV as well as other STI.

II. Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
the statement is wrong.

11. A person can infected with HIV if he or she uses a public toilet bowl
used by a person with HIV
12. A person can get infected with HIV through mosquito bites.
13. There is a cure for HIV infection.
14. A person with STI has a higher risk of getting infected with HIV
15. RA 8504 is the law about AIDS Prevention and Control in the
Philippines

Issues and Problems

Lesson
Related to Sexuality
1
As you proceed to create and shape your sexuality, you may encounter issues and
problems. These encounters may cause you either joy or trouble. You will find out about
various sexuality concerns and their circumstances and end results.

What’s In
On the previous module, we tackled about the different factors that influences our
sexuality. Let’s take a short recapitulation about it. Describe your sexuality by discussing
your

a. Sexual identity

b. Sexual attitudes

c. Sexual behavior

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II. Let’s fill in this ice cream cone with the details about factors affecting sexuality in each
scoop. Rank each factors according to your own perception. What factor do you think is
the most influential of them all?

Factors affecting sexuality

What’s New
ACTIVITY 1: Loop-A-Word

Direction: Find and circle all the words that are hidden in the grid. The words may be
hidden in any direction.

C O P M U K G C A X L B V D

W H E A L T H T B I Q A I I

D F H V T B N I S N U C R S

E R Q Z X H J U T E T T U E

C C H L A M O S I R G E S A

I T I E G Y A G N A I R A S

S H V H W D I H E R P E S E

I S T I G I D W N N R K Y K

O M J K L A S Q C A S W P S

N G O N O R R H E A P E H I

C O M M U N I C A B L E I L

Guide Questions:
1. How many words were you able to find? What are those words?
2. Have you encountered these terms before? Share your experience when you
encountered these words.

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 What is It
This lesson will focus on the different issues and concerns teenagers are facing
regarding to sexuality. It includes identity crisis and the nature and prevention of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) especially about Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Identity Crisis is a period of uncertainly and confusion in which a person’s sense of
identity becomes insecure, typically due to a change in their expected aims or roles in the
society.

❖ Factors that prevent the formation of secure and positive self-identity

include:
a. lack of attachment from parents
b. low self-esteem
c. absence or negative influence from adult
d. lack of acceptance in a positive peer group
Our government and civil society exerts effort to decrease the incidence of STIs
particularly HIV and AIDS especially to young Filipinos.
Sexually transmitted infection can be prevented. The first step is to practice
abstinence until marriage. Second, is to acquire correct information about the issues and
problems related to human sexuality. Third, is to enhance your decision making skill and
refusal skill. You can never go wrong if you have enough knowledge about these matters.
Sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a communicable disease that is spread by
a pathogen (disease-causing organisms) from one person to another person through
sexual contact. A person who is infected can get one or more of these diseases. STIs can
be transmitted through exchange of body fluids during sexual intercourse.
These infections are commonly caused by bacteria and viruses. STIs can be
prevented and some of it can treat successfully but many STIs such as HIV or AIDS still
have no cure.
A symptom of STIs depends on the types of infections. Sometimes, the people
infected don’t have any signs and symptoms or asymptomatic. The common symptoms
are discharge from the genitals, warts, blisters or sores in the genital area, rash, painful
urination, and flu-like symptoms.

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 COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
Pathogens
(disease-
causing Long Term Effects Preventive measures
organisms)

Human ● immune system failure ● Abstinence from sexual

AIDS Immunodefici ● severe illness leading to intercourse and from
(Acquired Immune ency Virus death use of intravenous
Deficiency (HIV) ● 8-10 years to see signs drugs
Syndrome) of infection (Ex. heroin, cocaine)
● infection of infants
leading deaths

Note: Intravenous
drug use involves
injecting a substance
into a vein using a
syringe.

Chlamydia In women
Trachomatis
CHLAMEDIA ● pelvic inflammation Abstinence from sexual
Bacterium
with abdominal pain intercourse
● fever
● menstrual bleeding
● Ectopic pregnancy
(occurs when a fertilized
egg implants and grows
outside the main cavity of
the uterus)
In men
● Enlarge lymph glands
of the groin
● infection of the testicles
● infection during birth
can cause blindness or
illness to new born

Herpes ● If left untreated, may ●

Simplex-2 cause cervical cancer in
● Abstinence from sexual
GENITAL HERPES
virus women intercourse and from
● for pregnant, cause use of intravenous
deformities in unborn drugs
babies

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 Neisseria ● Sterility
Gonorrhea ● liver disease
GONORRHEA
Bacterium ● testicular disease
● infection of the heart Abstinence from sexual
lining intercourse and from
● eye infection for use of intravenous
newborn leading to drugs
blindness
Treponema If left untreated
Pallidum ● mental illness
SYPHILIS Abstinence from sexual
Bacterium ● heart and kidney
intercourse and from
damage
use of intravenous
● death
drugs

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal communicable disease

with no effective treatment or known cure. It is the last stage of infection caused by the
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); it damages your immune system, and your
body's ability to fight infection and disease.
Early symptoms of infection with HIV may include rash, sore throat, fever and
tiredness. The HIV eventually develops into AIDS. The person with AIDS cannot fight
off disease that healthy person can, because it has no cure and eventually can die because
of this disease.
HIV will enter and infect the person’s body through bloodstream. HIV can be
transmitted by body fluids including blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk of
infected mother

❖ Reducing the risks of Sexually Transmitted Infection

● Sexual abstinence or sexual restraint is the practice of refraining from any
sexual activity for medical, psychological, legal, social, moral, or religious
reasons.
● Safeguarding one’s sexual health from accurate information and awareness
of sexuality-related issues
● Practice wise decision-making skills and firmly say no to risky sexual
behaviors.

❖ Decision Making
A decision is a choice you make or act upon. A good decision must have been
carefully considered the outcome of each choice.
Decision-making skill will help you make decisions based on your needs and
desires. It must be practiced and exercised in resolving issues and concerns about
sexuality.

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The Six Steps of Decision Making
● Determine the problem
● Explore alternatives
● Consider the consequences
● Identify your values
● Decide
● Evaluate

❖ Government Policies in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other

STIs
1. Republic Act No. 8504 also known as Philippine AIDS Law
Important provisions of the law include the following:
The state shall promote awareness about HIV/AIDS through various
modalities:
● The government must promote education and information campaigns
● Department of Health (DOH) must conduct public health education
campaigns
● Department of Labor (DOLE) must develop workplace education and safety
● The state shall also ensure safe practices and procedures regarding
donation of blood, organs or tissue
● The state shall provide a mechanism for anonymous HIV testing and shall
guarantee anonymity and medical confidentiality in the conduct of such
tests
● The Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) shall oversees an integrated
and comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the
Philippines

December 20, 2018, Republic Act No. 11166, also known as the Philippine
HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018, was passed. The law repealed the 21-year
old Republic Act No. 8504 also known as the Philippine AIDS Prevention and
Control Act of 1998 and made health services for HIV/AIDs more accessible to Filipinos

2. R.A 7719 or Blood Services Act of 1994

This law protects and promotes public health through provisions related to blood
donation. The government promotes voluntary blood donation as a humanitarian act.
However, there are requirements that you need to meet if you want to donate blood. This
is to ensure a clean and safe blood supply. Thus, you need to live a healthy lifestyle in
order for you to donate blood.
To protect you from infections of any diseases like HIV/AIDS through blood
transfusion, this law lays down the legal principle that the provision of blood for
transfusion is a professional medical service and not a sale of commodity. They establish
scientific and professional standards for the operation of blood collection units and blood
banks/centers in the Philippines.
People don’t have to sell blood as a commodity. To be a responsible voluntary donor
you donate the blood for a cause through medical and scientific care.

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 What’s More
ACTIVITY 2: YES OR NO?
Direction: The chart enumerated the methods of obtaining HIV. Put a √ on the YES
column, if the manner is an actual way of acquiring HIV, but if not, put an X on the NO
column.

Ways of acquiring HIV YES NO

1. Breastmilk from mother to child
2. Shaking hands
3. Having an unprotected sex with someone who has HIV
4. Sharing utensils with someone infected
5. Someone who has HIV coughs and sneezes near you
6. Hugging someone infected
7. Sharing injecting equipment such as needles, syringes, or other
equipments used to inject with someone who has HIV
8. Sitting in the toilet seat used by HIV infected
9. Receiving contaminated blood transfusions, organ/tissue
transplants, and receiving contaminated blood products
10. Living with someone who has HIV
11. Mosquito bites
12. Swimming with an HIV infected person
13. Wearing clothes of an HIV infected person
14. Touching tears and saliva of infected person
15. Breathing the same air with a person who is HIV infected can
make you HIV infected

ACTIVITY 3: LET’S PREVENT IT!

Direction: For each method of transmission, you will provide at least three ways to reduce
one’s risk of exposure to HIV. Use the given chart below for your discussion.
Mode of Transmission Ways to Prevent and Control

Sexual contact through infected body

fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids,
etc.

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 Sharing infected needles while injecting
drugs

Maternal transference from mother to

baby during pregnancy

ACTIVITY 4: My Character Bank

Direction: Put at least three of your strengths and weaknesses as a person in the table
below. Then answer the questions that follow. This activity will define your personality to
help you in times of decision-making instances.

My Strengths How will you use it to improve your

sexuality?
1.
2.
3.
My Weaknesses How will you improve your weaknesses?
1.
2.
3.

ACTIVITY 5: Making Good Decisions

Direction: Pick only one scenario from the following and use the six steps in decision
making in going through this activity.
1. You found out that one of your friends uses drug and invited you one time to try it.
What will you do about it? What will you tell him/her?
2. One of your closest friends left their home because she/he had an argument with
his/her parent without telling them his/her whereabouts. She came to you and asked
you not to tell his/her parents about it. How can you show your support and help her?

D
E
C
I
D
E
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ACTIVITY 6:
Direction: Read the article and use the information in the article to complete the chart
that follows.

SOME THOUGHTS ON ABSTINENCE

Marta, 15 years old, wants to finish her schooling without delay

and give her full attention to helping her parents in their
business. She has a close friend Jonathan, 17 years old, who
invited her to attend a party with their friends. Marta knew that
this group of friends has been drinking alcohol and using drugs.
She knows that using drugs and alcohol affects one’s ability to
make decisions regarding sexual behavior. This means that
when a person uses drugs or gets drunk, his/her ability to think
clearly and wisely can be affected. So, he told Jonathan that in
order to avoid getting infected with STIs such as HIV/AIDS they
must refrain from doing risky behavior that may tempt them to
have undesirable sexual activities.

She was able to convince Jonathan to stay away from this group
of friends who engage in unhealthful practices. Jonathan realized
that abstinence is a good way to avoid getting into trouble.
Their classmates, Peter and Joanna, have also chosen
abstinence. They promise to abstain from sexual behavior
because they would like to keep their purity until marriage.
Instead, they focus on their studies in order to prepare for their
future together.
Racquel does not engage in sexual behavior because she
would like to protect her reputation and that of her family. She
believes that risky sexual behaviors will only bring her shame and
guilt.
Apparently, Noemi wanted to abstain from sex because she
chose to obey her parents‟ advice to be modest and respect her
body.
All of these young people have different reasons but the end
result is the same- they have chosen abstinence and they are all
proud of their decision.

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 Peter &
Marta Jonathan Racquel Noemi
Joanna

Reason for
choosing
abstinence

Your own
thoughts
concerning
this reason

How about you? Why do you choose abstinence?___________________________

Activity 7: Interactive Video

Direction: Watch the suggested videos and answer the following guideline below.
Want to create an intelligent and wise decision about Human Sexuality?
Watch this interactive video from documentary segment of Rated K: AIDS
does matter and Rated K: Totoo sa HIV.
Link 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTnE99OL3QE&t=255s
Link 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZlUSZXD_CI

This video plans to bring issues to light on STI, HIV/AIDS among

teenagers like you.

Guide Questions:
1. What is HIV? What is AIDS?

2. What are the common signs and symptoms of Human Immunodeficiency

3. Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?

4. How can HIV/AIDS be spread from one person to another person?

5. What are the effects of HIV/AIDS to our body?

6. How can HIV and AIDS be prevented?

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 What I Have Learned
Direction: Complete the table to summarize the topics/lessons discussed in this
module:
__________________ is a period of uncertainly and confusion in which person’s sense of
identity becomes insecure, typically due to a change in their expected aims or roles in
the society. Sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a ___________________ disease that
is spread by a pathogen (disease-causing organisms) from one person to another
person through sexual contact. Acquired Immune _________________ Syndrome (AIDS)
is a fatal communicable disease with no effective treatment or known cure. It is the
last stage of infection caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); HIV/AIDS
damages your ______________ system, and your body's ability to fight infection and
disease. _____________________ is the practice of refraining from any sexual activity for
medical, psychological, legal, social, moral, or religious reasons. A _______________ is
a choice you make or act upon. A good decision must have been carefully considered
the outcome of each choice. The Six Steps of Decision Making are:
(1)___________________, (2)________________________, (3) ___________________________,
(4) ______________________ (5) Decide and Evaluate. On December 20, 2018, Republic
Act No. 11166, also known as the Philippine
__________________________________________, was passed. The law repealed the 21-
year old Republic Act No. 8504 also known as the Philippine AIDS Prevention and
Control Act of 1998 and made health services for HIV/AIDs more accessible to
Filipinos. R.A 7719 or ________________________________ of 1994- this law protects and
promotes public health through provisions related to blood donation.

What I Can Do
Activity: 3-2-1
Direction: Compose a reflection on the things you learned in this module and
their relevance to you.
Share 3 things that you have learned in this module:

Share 2 specific instance which you feel these learnings will benefit you.

Give 1 advice that you can give to teenagers like you in decision-making…

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 Assessment
This part will check how much you learned from the module.

I. True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement
is wrong.
1. There is a cure for HIV infection
2. A person can get infected with HIV through mosquito bites.
3. A person can be infected with HIV if he or she uses a public toilet bowl
used by a person with HIV
4. A person with STI has a higher risk of getting infected with HIV
5. R.A 7719 is the law about AIDS Prevention and Control in the Philippines

II. Write your ideas on the following focused points.

1. Only two strategies if practiced consistently reduced the risk of STIs to zero. Name the
steps in the prevention and control of STIs particularly HIV/AIDs. (2pts)
2. Analyze why sexual abstinence is the most effective method for the prevention of HIV/
AIDS and other STIs. (3pts)

III. Imagine that you have a chance making a specific law or policy on how to
decrease the number of HIV/ AIDS in our country, what law/policy will it be?
Explain it briefly. (5pts)

Additional Activities

ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN MATERIALS (POSTER-MAKING)

Direction: Make an advocacy campaign material about preventing HIV /AIDS.

RUBRIC

Criteria 15 10 5 3

Required The advocacy All required elements All but one of the Several required
Elements material includes all are included in the required elements elements are
required elements advocacy material. are included in the missing
as well as additional advocacy material.
information

Labels All items of Almost all items of Many items of Labels are too small
importance on the importance on the importance on the to view or no
advocacy material advocacy material advocacy material important items
are clearly labeled are clearly labeled are clearly labeled were labeled.
with labels that are with labels that are with labels that are
readable readable readable

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 Graphic- All graphics are All graphics are All graphics relate Graphics do not
Relevance related to the topic related to the topic to the topic. relate to the topic
and easier to and most are easier
understand. to understand.

Attractiveness The advocacy The advocacy The advocacy The advocacy

material is material is attractive material is material is
exceptionally in terms of design, acceptably distractingly messy
attractive in terms layout, and attractive though it or very poorly
of design, layout, neatness. may be a bit designed. It is not
and neatness. messy. attractive.

Grammar There are no There are 1-2 There are 3-4 There are more than
grammatical/mech grammatical/mecha grammatical/mech 4
anic al mistakes on nic al mistakes on anical mistakes on grammatical/mech
the advocacy the advocacy the advocacy anical mistakes on
material. material. material. the advocacy.

Answer Key
II & III. Answers may vary
No 15. Decision
1. T
No 14. AIDS
Post Test:
No 13. Health
No 12. Bacteria
15. True 11. Syphilis
No
14. True 10. HIV
No
13. False 9. Gonorrhea
Yes
12. False 8. Virus
No
11. False 7. Chlamydia
Yes
10. Condom 6. Herpes
No
9. Gonorrhea 5. Disease
No
8. Unprotected Sex 4. Abstinence
No
7. STI 3. Pathogens
Yes
6. AIDS 2. STI
No
5. Breastfeeding 1. Communicable
Yes
4. CD4 Cells
3. ANTIRETROVIRALS Activity 2 What's New
2. Abstinence
What’s More
1. Semen
Pre-Test
What I Know

References

Books
Enrico Benjamin N. Reyes, Jenny C. Mendoza, Jo-ann G. Grecia, Marilou G. Sangalang, Fernando R. Lacson, Jr.,
Michiko S. Aseron and Mark Kenneth Camiling, Living with Music, Art, Physical Education, & Health. Vival Group,
Inc. 2017
Department of Education, Physical Education and Health Learner’s Material. First Edition, 2013
Videos
Rated K: AIDS does matter -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTnE99OL3QE&t=255s
Rated K: Totoo sa HIV. - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZlUSZXD_CI

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Riza L. Ramirez

Editors:
Validators: Hannah Lee A. Macabudbud

Reviewers:

Illustrator: John Orville Munar (FHS)

Queenie A. Calumpang
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jovita Consorcia F. Mani

EPS-MAPEH

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: [email protected]

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