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IPONAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School
Iponan, Cagayan De Oro City

The Impact of Social Media on the Academic Achievement of Grade 12 Senior

High School Students

A RESEARCH PAPER
Presented to the faculty of Iponan National High School

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

for graduation

Submitted By:

CARL PATRICK ALBURO

JUSTINE GAAMIL

JOSH MARVIN PORTRIAS

RYANN KHEN SOLETA

ANGEL LABRADOR

AERON PAUL COROCOTO

February 2023
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APPROVAL SHEETS

This Research Paper entitled, “SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

OPINION AND EXPERIENCE ABOUT ONLINE CLASS”, prepared and submitted by
Carl Patrick Alburo; Justine Gaamil; Ryann Khen Soleta; Angel Labrador; Josh
Marvin Portrias; and Aeron Paul Corocoto in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
graduation, has been examined and is recommended for Oral Examination.

NERISSA D. DRIZ
Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______

KIM CHARIES L. OKIT

Chair

______________________ ___________________________
Member Member

Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation

February 13, 2023_____ MARIBETH T. AUMAN

Date of Research Proposal Secondary School Principal
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE 1

APPROVAL SHEET 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study 5

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 6

Statement of the Problem 7

Hypotheses 8

Significance of the Study 9

Scope and Limitation 10

Definition of Terms 10

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15

Research Design 15

Research Environment 15

Respondents and Sampling Procedures 15

Data Gathering Instrument 16

Data Gathering Procedure 16

Validity and Reliability of Instrument 16

Scoring Guidelines 17

Statistical Instrument and Procedures 18

REFERENCES 19
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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

In modern times, it was thought that the term "social media" did not have a

clear definition; however, when one platform emerged, it provided people with the

opportunity to be content creators, controllers, and transparent users to a large

extent. According to Moran et al., (2011) state that once content is shared, it

becomes a conversation because all users with accounts on social media platforms

can interact with all posts. Today, determining the impact of social media on student
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academic performance is critical. Technology is advancing at a rapid pace, and the

younger generations are being caught up by it.

Communal media websites have become frequent; giving young people a

modern way to interact with each other and communicate with the world. To them

social media is the use of Facebook, Blogs, Twitter, My Space and LinkedIn

considering the purpose of communication, partaking photos as well as videos.

According to San Miguel (2009), centered on the connection between Facebook time

and students' college achievement. The overall findings indicated “more time on

Facebook equivalent's slightly lower grades”. In his study, the moderate facebook

user had a general point average of 3.0 to 3.5, while the non facebook user had a

general point average of 3.5 – 4.0.

The Internet has firmly established itself in peoples' lives currently. It is difficult

to envision a young man who did not scan the news headlines and check for updates

on social media at least once every day. Our world was split between online and

offline when social media arose. The modern truth demands that we stay in touch

and keep up with the most recent news and trends. It is employed to build

interpersonal relationships. Children enter into various connections while seeking out

people to get to know during this time, have the opportunity to speak with a large

number of people and elite groups with a variety of identities, learn a great deal of

stories, and have the chance to exchange beliefs and discuss matters that are

significant to them (Talaue et al., 2018).

As stated by Willbold, M. (2018), Students are using various online tools to

cater to different requirements. It will not be wrong to say that social media and

education goes hand in hand in the modern world. Both social media and technology
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have become an indispensable part of our creation. Each individual who is above 13

years old will have their account on any of the popular social media networks such

as Facebook, SnapChat, Instagram, etc. WhatsApp has increased the minimum age

to 16 years old (Willbold, M., 2018).

The use of internet-based social media programs to make connections with

family, friends, classmates, and clients has become popular in recent years.

According to Prasad and Prasad (2012), social networking applications are now

being used by many top universities”. The growth of social network sites (SNS) has

created communication tools to aid many procedures that can be applied in teaching

and learning. Instructors must identify the potential for cultivating student

engagement in the classroom using these technologies. (Mirabolghasemi & Lahad,

2013).

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study examines how social media and web-based interactions impact

students’ academic achievements. Thus, social media refers to computer-mediated

technology facilitating the growth and sharing of ideas, awareness, career interests,

information, and other methods of expression through social networks and virtual

communities. The contents generated by social media users, such as comments,

posts, digital photos, video sharing, and all online interaction data, are critical and

represent the lifeblood of social networking and social media sites. Social media

users typically access the services of social media via the internet or other web-

based technology on their laptops or desktop computers or by downloading

applications that extend the functionality of social media and social networks to

mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets.

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This study is anchored mainly on the Media Richness theory (MRT)

postulates that communication channels that are able to convey messages to other

in clear and timely manners are considered as having the richness of

communication channels. As a result of engagement with such services, social

media users typically create highly interactional platforms through which individual

students or student organizations can share ideas, co-create, modify, and discuss

user-generated content or previous content posted online. Social media directs the

means of communication between students and other individuals, communities, and

large organizations, and such changes have a great impact on their academic

performance.

Schematic Diagram

The schematic diagram shows the relationship between the independent

variable and dependent variables of the study. The independent variables looks into

the Impact of Social Media to students. While the dependent variable highlights the

results of the student’s academic performance among the Grade 12 Senior High

School Students.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Academic Performance
Impact of Social Media

Figure 1.1: Schema of the study showing the relationship of the variables
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The Input-Output (IPO) Model

The Input-Output (IPO) Model is a useful graph that lists the inputs, outputs,

and steps needed to convert inputs into outputs. Sometimes the model is set up to

account for any storage that might occur along the process.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Senior High Students

Profile
1. Profiling Determine
1. Age
the effects
2. Survey Tool
2. Sex of social
3.Data Gathering media in
Impact of Social students
Media 4. Data Analysis academic
and Interpretation achievement
1.Positive
2.Negative

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Social media plays an important role in every student's life. It is often easier

and more convenient to access information, provide information and communicate

via social media. The main objectives of our research are to discern the impact of

social media among the students in Senior High School in their academic

performances.

Specifically, this study hopes to answer the following questions:

1. What is social media and why do students use it?

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2. How can social media be used in teaching and learning?

3. What is the impact of social media on students’ academic performance?

4. Is there a significant relationship between social media and academic

performance?

Research Hypotheses

For the purpose of having this study the null hypotheses below were

formulated.

The first and second problems are hypotheses free. To answer problem 3 and

4, the null hypotheses are subjected to statistical test and tested at 0.05 level of

significance.

Ho3: There is no significant difference between the impact of social media on

student’s academic performance.

Ho4: There is no significant relationship between the impact of social media on

student’s academic performance.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of the study will provide deeper insights on how Online-Teaching

greatly affected the academic performance of the students. The results of this study

will be a great benefit to the following:

STUDENTS. The result will help them to improve their understanding about

the new education system and the effects of it specifically on their academic

performance.
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TEACHERS. The outcome of the study will help to determine and utilize an

information or idea in dealing with the pressure and helps in creating an effective

way to handle the online teaching that their students have difficulty in their academic

performance.

SOCIAL MEDIA. It is often easier and more convenient to access information,

provide information and communicate via social media.

RESEARCHERS. The result of the study will be of great help to researchers

who will undertake future studies on other teaching approaches for effective learning.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of our research is how the students learnt by using

cellphones through social media. This study is also examining the impacts of social

media among the students on Senior High in Iponan National High School. Only

Grade 12 students in the year 2022 - 2023 are the only participants in this study.

students will be asked to or surveyed about the impact of social media in their

studies. We’re going to collect the data by taking notes while observing their

answers.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For a better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined in the

context of this research.

Academics. the subjects that you are learning in high school or college

Online. controlled by or connected to one more computer or to a network.

Senior High School. mention to Grades 11 and 12, the last two years of the

K to 12 Basic Education Program.

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Social Media. websites and applications that enable users to create and part

content or to participate in social networking.

Student. Is a person enrolled in a school or other educational organization.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Social media are platforms that provide opportunities for individuals to interact

through two-way communication. This means that anyone with an online account

can share their opinion with other social media users. Kirschner and Karpinski (2010)

define Facebook and other social networks as online directories where people can
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search social networks to find friends, family, and colleagues. O'Keeffe and Clarke-

Pearson (2011) believe that social media has negative effects such as access to

inappropriate content and a lack of "online privacy understanding". They also say

there is online harassment and cyberbullying driven primarily by the risk of peer-to-

peer engagement. In some schools, leaders see social media as having a positive

impact on the educational development of their students. Other schools recognize

that social media has a positive impact on their student's education, but principals

discourage students from interacting with social networking sites because they are

afraid of interacting with them. Access is prohibited (Ahn, 2010).

The importance of academic excellence, which is also prevalent globally, has

prompted numerous studies into the conditions that foster it. Academic achievement

will always play a role in predicting one's life success, as well as academic

placement in schools to higher education institutions and one's level of employability

in one's career (Kyoshaba, 2009). As stated by Ellison and Boyd (2007) define a

social networking website as a web-based service that allows individuals to create

profiles, view their connections, and search and traverse this list of connections.

According to Lenhart (2010), around 57% of social network users between the ages

of 18 and 29 have private profiles on some social media websites.

According to Kolan and Dzadza (2018), research has revealed that the nature

of social media is a useful servant but a dangerous master and a double-edged

sword. There is a degree of addiction and distraction caused by sharing information,

building relationships, participating in group discussions, and using social media that

interferes with student academic performance, despite the benefits that students

derive from social networks it can seriously affect your life. The fundamental

motivator for Australians of all ages excessively downloading movies and TV

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programs is that it is costless. As stated by Landry (2014), communal media is a tool

that could be used for good or bad, it all depends on the person. Communal media

has its rows of good and bad and yes it is easier to commemorate the bad rather

than the good but communal media sites have made opportunities for people all

around the world.

A number of researchers, such as Choney (2010), San Miguel (2009), and

Enriquez (2010), in their studies of student use of social media sites, showed the

negative impact of social media site use on student academic performance. In June

2010 a study by Nielsen Media Research found that nearly 25% of the time students

spend online is spent on social networking sites (Jacobsen & Forste 2011).The

rapid development of media technology has greatly impacted the way people

communicate on a daily basis. The growing use of social media by today’s youth

cannot be overstated. Over the years, social networking has become increasingly

popular among college students—a way to connect with friends on campus as well

as outside. Social networks are a way of making people feel like they belong in a

community.

According to Ansari & Khan, (2020) examined the role and effectiveness

of social media in transferring the resources and communication with

peers/experts over the world. The study employed latent variance based

structural equation model approach for estimation and instrument validation. The

study concluded with remarks that involving social media for collaborative learning

assist students to be more creative and research oriented. According to Gopalan, S,

& D, (2022) gathered the Public opinion on the New Education Policy. The

National Education Policy is the most recent change expected to be implemented

gradually in the upcoming years. This policy aims to modernize education with a lot
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of changes to the existing studies and the study has shown that there is

significant welcoming to these initiatives.

According to Aleisa, (2022) explored the graduate student's experiences on

using Social media as a learning space. The study was a thematic analysis on

interviews, observations and artifacts offering a good description of

respondent's experiences on using social media as a dignified learning space. The

study found that participant's ease of access in discovering information is the major

driver in using social media as a learning space. According to Lambert, C. &

Guidry, K. (2010) in their studies have described how Social media magnifies

academic performance and how it aids the official communication with students.

Amaral and Shank (2010), in their article on Improving Student Learning and

Retention with Blended Learning Classroom Guides, point out: in the spring

semester." For Amaral and Shank, the Blended Learning Classroom Guide [d] offers

more than a detailed curriculum and a simple online study guide” (2010). Their

findings found that blended learning "helped lower-level and general education

chemistry students better understand course content, leading to higher test scores

and student retention."

As pointed out in a study conducted by Harris (2012), the use of Facebook in

higher education is an effective vehicle for teaching and learning projects.

Similarly,using Edmodo as a teaching platform helps students actively engage in her

subject matter. The formation of groups and interaction between students makes it

easier for students to access the curriculum, enables faster communication, and

makes for a more engaging and better learning experience.

. Nielsen Media Research study conducted in June 2010 stated that nearly

25% of students’ time on the web is consumed on social networking sites (Jacobsen
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& Forste 2011).The American Educational Research Association conducted a search

and declared at its yearly conference in San Diego California (2009), that social

media users study less and cause lower grade (Abaleta et al, 2014). San Miguel

(2009), focused on the connection between time spent on Facebook and therefore

the academic performance of scholars .

In a survey of Spanish high school students Sanchez-Martinz and Otero

(2009), found a correlation between “intensive” mobile use and power failure.

However, other research like Ahmed and Qazi (2011), Hanqittai and Hsich (2010),

Pasek and Hanqittai (2009), and an equivalent topic revealed no correlation between

social media and students’ academic performance. A study conducted at Whittemore

school of Business and Economic on one thousand, 127 students revealed that

there's no correlation between what proportion time is spent on social networking

sites and grades (Martin, 2009).

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the following: Research Design, Research Population

and Sampling Procedures, Research Instruments, Validity and Reliability of

Instruments, Data Collection Procedures, Data Analysis (Scoring guidelines and

Statistical treatment of Data).

Research design
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Descriptive research allows for the research to be conducted in the

respondents natural environment, which ensures high-quality and honest data is

collected. Descriptive research design is used because we need to observe what is

the impact of social media in their academic performance. Primarily focuses on

describing the nature of a demographic segment without focusing on "why" a

particular phenomenon occurs.

Research Population

A population of 225 Grade 12 students enrolled in Iponan National High

School (INHS) includes 90 HUMSS, 43 ABM, 20 HE, and 72 ICT.

Sampling Procedure

Divided by the overall population size is the number of members in each

subgroup. From the calculated total sample size, a multiple of the proportion of

members in each subgroup will be calculated. Simple random sampling will be used

to choose samples from each group after determining the sample size for each level.

Table 3.1: Shows the distribution of the Senior High School Students participants in

this study by strands

Total of students Sample size per Subgroup

HUMSS - 90 90/225 0.40×144 = 58 HUMSS STUDENTS

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ABM - 43 43/225 0.19×144 = 27 ABM STUDENTS

HE - 20 20/225 0.09×144 = 13 HE STUDENTS

ICT - 72 72/225 0.32×144 = 46 ICT STUDENTS

225 100% TOTAL OF 144 RESPONDENTS

Research Instrument

The researcher will have (3) component questionnaires to collect the

necessary data. The responders’ profiles will be requested in.

Part I the researcher created the profile tool, which would provide the

respondents’ names, ages, grades, strands, and genders.

Part II students in Grade 12 Senior High School students at Iponan National

High School will participate in this.

Part III is the tool that will be used to know their opinion and experience about

social media in their academic performance using standardized developed by the

researcher will be utilized in the study.

Validity and Reliability of Instrument

The researcher asks for the help and assistance of her adviser to check the

appropriateness and coherence of the survey questionnaire. The survey's findings

were tabulated and combined. The results of the survey formed the foundation for
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assessing and evaluating students' exposure to teaching strategies and critical

thinking abilities.

Data Collection Procedures

A questionnaire checklist was created by the researcher and approved by the

subject's advisor. There are 30 grade 12 students in each chosen section who will

complete surveys. To guarantee the accuracy and objectivity of the entire survey, the

researcher took care to keep the personal information and identity of each

respondent confidential.The materials were securely held until the study's conclusion

Scoring Guidelines

The criteria that were utilized to score this work are as follows. A survey was

given regarding students' exposure to instructional methods, and replies were

generated based on the extent of the students' knowledge and interest. A statement

and a four-point scale of agreement made up each of the ten questions. Respondent

opinions and insights were measured using a Likert scale. Numbers are allocated to

the responses after the respondents have responded, allowing for the interpretation

of the responses (Bertram, 2016).

Table 3.2: Rubric in checking of the use of social media

Range Description

4 Strongly agree

3 Agree
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2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

Table 3.3: Rubric in checking of the use of social media with corresponding

indicators

Scor Quantitative Description indicators

4 Strongly Agree Demonstrate very accurate

3 Agree Demonstrate accurate

2 Disagreee Barely demonstrate

1 Strongly Disagree Did not demonstrate

Statistical Instrument and Procedures

The following statistical tools were used to accurately interpret the obtained

data:

1. Descriptive measures such as mean, Percentage Distributions and standard

deviation were used in describing the students’ profile in terms of students’ exposure

to Instructional methods based on their level of exposure to critical thinking skills.

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2. To determine whether social media has an impact on academic performance,

survey questionnaires were distributed to 30 randomly selected senior high school

grade 12 students.

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