MIL

MEDIA AND INFORMATION

LITERACY
 INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY

Plays an important role in communication and information dissemination. Media and information will
enable us to access, understand and create communications in a variety of contexts in the form of accessing,
understanding and creating media and information.

Accessing media and information

To use, navigate, manage, store and retrieve content in print, radio and online.
Understanding media and information
Viewers ability to read, deconstruct and evaluate media contexts and motivations.
Producing media and information
Viewers or netizens ability to produce distribute and publish ideas and information via mainstream
media or social media.

Media and Information Play Several Roles:

1. Act as channels of information and knowledge through which citizens communicate with each other
and make informed decisions.
2. Facilitate informed debates between diverse social actors.
3. Provide us with much of what we learn about the world beyond our immediate experience.
4. Are means by which society learn about the world beyond our immediate experience.
5. Function as a watchdog of government in all its forms, promoting transparency.
6. Public life and public scrutiny of those with power though exposing corruption.
Basic Concepts
1. Media construct our culture
Our society and culture- even our perception of reality. - is shaped by the information and images
we receive via the media.
2. Media messages affect our thoughts, attitudes and actions
We don’t like to admit it, but all of us are affected by advertising, news, movies, pop, music, video
games and other media.
3. Media use ‘’ the language of persuasion
All media messages try to persuade us to believe or do something.
4. Media construct fantasy worlds
While Fantasy Can Be Pleasurable and Entertaining, it can be harmful movie, tv shows and music
videos sometimes inspire people to do things unwise, anti-social or even dangerous.
5. No one tells the story
Every media has a point of view. Every good story highlights some information and leaves out the rest.
6. Media messages contain ‘’ texts’’ and sub contexts’’
The text is the actual words, pictures and/ or sounds in a media message.

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 7. Media messages reflect the values and viewpoints of media makers
Everyone has a point of view. Our values and viewpoints influence our choice of words, sounds and
images we use to communicate through media.
8. Individuals construct their own meanings from media
Media makers attempt to convey specific messages, people receive and interpret the differently.
9. Media messages can be decoded
By ‘’deconstructing’’ media, we can figure out who created the message, and why
10. Media literate youth and adults are active consumers of media
Many forms of media-like television- seek to relate pass, impulse consumers.

Information Literacy

Is a transformational process in which the learner needs to find, understand, evaluate and use
information in various forms to create for personal, social or global purposes.

Technology Literacy

Is the ability of an individual, working independently and with others, to responsibly, appropriately and
effectively use technology tools to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Being media and information liberated is something that needs to be developed through education
and through a constant exchange with the reality around us: it is essential to go beyond being simply able to use,
for example, one or another media or “being informed” about something. A digital citizen has to keep a constant
critical approach that leads to a meaningful participation in his/her community.

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 THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA TO NEW MEDIA

PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE (BEFORE 1700’s)

People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze,

INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700-1930)

People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the
manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press).

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ELECTRONIC AGE (1930-1980’s)
The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors
that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance
communication became more efficient.

INFORMATION AGE (1900’s- 2000’s)

The internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

The evolution of media is divided into different ages the pre-industrial age, industrial age, electronic age and
information age from time to time people discovered new things in other disseminate and communicate information
towards to each other. But how the technology affects our daily life? Some sort of answer may be answered by you and in
your daily basis.

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 INFORMATION LITERACY

INFORMATION LITERACY
Information Literacy is an understanding and set of abilities enabling individuals to recognize when
information is needed and have the capacity to locate evaluate, and us effectively the needed information.
Forms the basis for lifelong learning.

Components of Information Literacy

IDENTIFY

ACKNOWLEDGE

INFORMATION
LITERACY

APPLY EVALUATE

1. IDENTIFY
An information literate can identify the nature and extent of information.
2. FIND
An information literate individual who can find needed and extent of information and efficiently.
3. Evaluate
An information literate individual who can evaluate information and its source critically.
4. Apply
An information literate that can apply information effectively to accomplish and the ethical, legal,
socio-economic issue surrounding information.
5. Acknowledge
An information literate that can acknowledge sources of inform.

ETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION

1. You need to show to the reader which part of the text is your own thinking and when you are quoting or
paraphrasing someone else’s idea.
2. Clear citations and references give reliability and credibility to a publication
3. References also convey the COPYRIGHT relationship.
4. Ask your thesis supervisor which style you should use in your thesis as there are many different styles.
5. It is important to be consistent in the style of marking references and citations throughout your text.

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PLAGIARISM
Is a serious academic offence. Some students plagiarize because they don’t know when or how to
cite their sources properly.

the act of using another person's words or ideas without

giving credit to that person.
http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism
Plagiarism

The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas

and passing them off as one's own.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/p
lagiarism

TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
Sources Not Cited Sources Cited
The Ghost Writer The Forgotten Footnote

The Photocopy
Misinformer
The Potluck Paper The
The Too-perfect Paraphrase

Poor Disguise The Labor of

The Resourceful Citer
Laziness The Self-stealer
The Perfect crime

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TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES NOT CITED

1. “The Ghost Writer” 2. “The Photocopy”

 The writer turns in another’s work, word-
 The writer copies significant portions of text
for-word, as his or her own.
straight from a single source, without
alteration.

3. “The Potluck Paper”

 The writer copies from several different sources, 4. “The Poor Disguise”
tweaking the sentences to make them fit
together while retaining most of the original  The writer has altered the paper’s appearance
phrasing. slightly by changing key words and phrases.

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 5. “The Labor of Laziness”
1. “The Self-Stealer”
 The writer takes the time to
 The writer “borrows” generously from his or her
paraphrase most of the paper from previous work.
other sources and make it all fit
together.

TYPES OF PLAGIARISM: SOURCES CITED

1. “The Forgotten Footnote” 2. “The Misinformer”

 The writer mentions an author’s name for a  The writer provides inaccurate information
source, but neglects to include specific regarding the sources, making it impossible to
information on the location of the material find them.
referenced.

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 3. “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase” 4. “The Resourceful Citer”

 The writer properly cites a source, but

neglects to put in quotation marks on
text that has been copied word-for-
word, or close to it.

 The writer properly cites all sources,

paraphrasing and using quotations
appropriately. The catch? The paper contains
5. “The Perfect Crime” almost no original work

 The writer properly quotes and cites sources in

some places, but goes on to paraphrase other
arguments from those sources without citation.

WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?

Without receiving proper permission or providing appropriate citation, the following are considered plagiarism:
• Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or websites.
• Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
• Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover).
• Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

Information literacy is a set of abilities to recognize when information is needed and have the ability
to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information. It helps learners to master content and
extend their investigations, become more self-directed, and assume greater control over their own learning.

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 TYPES OF MEDIA

MECHANICAL BROADCAST
MEDIA

PHYSICAL MEDIA
Person who is talking can be seen and heard by the audience and not only hear the messages but also see
body language and feel the climate.

EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL MEDIA

Large Group-
Great symbolic value and should be used only at special occasions. Excellent when a vision of strategy, information
about reorganization are to be presented.
Department Meeting-
Communicate daily operative issues, exchange status report and discuss problems.
UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL-
Form of meetings where, often a senior manager meets with a ‘’random selection of employees to discuss and
answer questions.

VIRAL COMMUNICATION-
Marketing techniques that use pre- existing social networks to increase brand awareness (such as product sales).

MECHANICAL MEDIA

EXAMPLES OF MECHANICALL MEDIA

E-MAIL- Good channel for daily communication to specific target groups and suitable mainly for
up-to-date of friend, colleagues and families.

WEEKLY LETTERS- generally used by managers that have large groups of employees and who have
difficulties in meeting all of them.

BILLBOARD- it informs people who do not have computers and access to the internet.
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 MAGAZINE- offers the opportunity to deepen a specific issue. Explain context describe
consequences or tell a story.

SOCIAL MEDIA-media designed to disseminated through social interaction, created using highly
accessible and scalable publishing technique.

BROADCAST MEDIA- covers a wide spectrum of different communication methods such as television, radio,
newspapers, magazines and any other materials supplied by the media and press.

PRINT MEDIA-is composed of newspapers, community newsletters services, magazines, and other
publications.

BROADCASTING MEDIA- is the distribution of audio video content it dispersed audience via any
electronic mass communication.
AM RADIO-is a radio broadcasting technology, which employs amplitude
modulation (AM) transmissions.

FM RADIO- Frequency modulation or FM is a form of modulation which convey

NEW MEDIA CONVERGENCE

Cross media convergence can be an artist working across a range media,

or it can be different media companies coming together on product or service.
phenomenon involving the interconnection of information and communications
technologies, computer networks, and media content. It brings together the
“three C’s”—computing, communication, and content—and is a direct
consequence of the digitization of media content and the popularization of
the Internet. Media convergence transforms established industries, services, and work practices and enable

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MASS MEDIA AND MEDIA EFFECTS

Third – party Theory-People think they are more immune to media influence than others.
Reciprocal Effect- When a person or event gets media attention, it influences the way the person acts or the way
the event functions.
-Media coverage often increases self-consciousness, which affects our actions.
Boomerang Effect- Refers to media-persuade change that is counter to the desired change.
For example, if an anti-litter sign is too forceful and says "You must dispose of trash" people are more
likely to litter than if they saw a more discreet message that says "Please dispose of trash."
Cultivation Theory(George Gerbner)- states that media exposure, specifically to television, shapes our social
reality by giving us a distorted view on the amount of violence and risk in the world.

MTRCB (Movie and Television Review and Classification Board) is the

government agency responsible for rating television programs and films
in the Philippines.

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 Propaganda Modelof Media Control(Herman & Chomsky)- the model tries
to understand how the population is manipulated, and how the social,
economic, political attitudes are fashioned in the minds of people through
propaganda.
• ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are
spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc.

Agenda-setting Theory(Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)- public reacts not to actual events but to the pictures in our
head, created by media.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

Media (communication) Media are the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or
data. The term refers to components of the mass media communications industry, such as print media, publishing, the
news media, photography, cinema, broadcasting (radio and television), and advertising but not all we see, read and
heard in media are true.

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 MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES

NEWSPAPAPER JOURNAL ARTICLE

BOOKS WEB SEARCH

DIFFERENT INFORMATION RESOURCES

 LIBRARIES
 INDEGENOUS MEDIA
 INTERNET

LIBRARIES- a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings or
films) are kept for use but not for sale.

4 MAJOR TYPES OF LIBRARIES

1. Academic Library- serves colleges and universities.
2. Public Libraries- serves cities and towns of all types.
3. School Library- serves students from kindergarten to grade12.
4. Special Library- are in specialized environments, such as hospital, corporations, museums, the military,
private buss. And the government.

INDIGENOUS MEDIA- native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular region/locality.

INTERNET- a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

TOP- LEVEL DOMAIN in URL

.ph- .philippines .com- .commercial .biz- .business

.om- .oman .org- .organization .info- .information
.ca- .california .edu- .education
.uk- .united kingdom .gov- .government
.au- .australia .int- .international
.sg- .singapore .mil- .military

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 1. .com commercial/blogsite
-Usually uncontrolled and unedited information, but if you follow author/academic/researcher etc it could
be excellent information.
-To sell something. Likely to have a biased viewpoint
2. .org organization
-Can be anyone at all, but if you recognize the name of the organization (like UNESCO or WORLD BANK).
3. .gov government
-Likely reliable, but is it “truth”. Different government are likely to publish different viewpoints on some
issues.,
4. .edu education
-Published by schools or universities so usually reliable academic information.
5. .ac academic education
-Usually only higher education.
6. .net network
-Usually a hub or internet provider.

Evaluating Information Sources for Reliability

Audience- what age group/education level/ political affiliation/ etc. Is the audience?
-Is this person with in depth knowledge
Authority- does the author’s name appear on the web page?
-what are his/her credentials?
-does the author provide contact information?
Bias- is the source objective?
-could he writer or the organization’s affiliation put a different spin on the inf. Presented
-what is the purpose of the source?
Currency- when was the work published
-When was the work last updated
-How old the sources or items in bibliography
-How current is the topic?
Scope- what does/doesn’t the work cover
-Is it in-dept study (many pages) or superficial (one page)?
-If a site, does it offer unique into not found in any other sources.

Source: http://www.library.illinois.edu/ugl/howdoi/selectingsources.html

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

We know that the creators of fake news and fake news sites check verified news sources. They use facts from
these verified news outlets and layer it with misinformation to confuse the reader. When confronted by both the fake
news and verified news, people tend to discount both the misinformation and the facts. That's the power of fake news.

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 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES

CODES
Systematic of signs, put together (usually in a sequence) to create message

CONVENTION
Habits or long accepted ways of doing things … through experience, audiences become familiar with
these.

TYPES OF CODE

CODE

TECHNICAL SYMBOLIC WRITTEN

CODE CODE CODE

TECHNICAL CODE
Camera Techniques, Framing, Dept Of Field, Lighting Exposure.

SYMBOLIC CODE
Objects, Setting, Body Language, Clothing and Color.

THE LANGUAGES OF TV AND & FILM

- Camera - Setting
- Lights - Costume
WRITTEN CODE
- Sound - Actor Expression
Headlines, Captions, Speech Bubbles, Language Style.
- Editing - Media Examples
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DIFFERENT CAMERA SHOT

Extreme Long Shot

(Aka wide shot) shows the subject from

the top to bottom for a perspective this
would be head to toes., though not
necessarily filling the frame.

Long Shot

Frames character from head to toes, with

the subject roughly filling to frame.

Medium Long Shot

(AKA ¾ SHOT) INTERMEDIATE TO

BETWEEN FULL SHOT AND MEDIUM
SHOT. SHOWS FROM THE KNEES UP.

Medium Close Up

Falls bet. Medium shot and close –up,

generally framing the subject from the
chest or shoulder up.

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 Close Up

Fills the screen with the part of the

subject, such as a person’s head frame
this tightly, the emotions and reaction of
a character. Dominate the scene.

Choker

Frames the subject’s face from above

eyebrows to below the mouth.

Extreme Close Up

Emphasizes a small area and detail of the

subject.

DIFFERENT SHOT ANGLE

BIRDS EYE VIEW HIGH VIEW WORMS EYE VIEW

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 CANTED/SLANTED VIEW EYE VIEW

CAMERA MOVEMENT SHOT SIZES

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Media codes and conventions are like the building blocks of all the media around us. Media codes generally have an
agreed meaning, or connotation, to their audience. There are three types of media codes, symbolic codes, technical
codes and written codes. Conventions are expected ways in which codes are organized in a product.

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 LEGAL, ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

LEGAL, ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA

What is Digital citizenship?

Internet Etiquette -10 Rules of Netiquette

1. WHEN TYPING NEVER WRITE IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS.

That Is Shouting. People Don’t Like It When You Shout at Them in Person.
2. DON’T PLAGIARIZE
Someone spent a long time coming up their content. When you borrow something from someone give
them a credit.
3. USE PROPER QUOTES AND ALWAYS USE THE WHOLE QUOTE.
Don’t take quotes out the context and don’t be selective about which part of the quote you want use.
4. DON’T GOSSIP AND KEEP PERSONAL INFORMATION PERSONAL.
Don’t tell stories that don’t know for a fact or true.
5. DON’T STEAL THOSE PHOTOGRAPHS OFF THE WEB
Even if they are perfect fit for what you need.
6. WATCH YOUR LANGUAGE - No potty mouth.
7. NO SPAMMING
Remember that spam is unwanted electronic message or sending the same electronic message over and over.
8. IF YOU’RE USING A HEADER (SUCH AS IN AN EMAIL) MAKE SURE YOUR CONTENT REALLY PERTAINS TO THE
HEADER.
Just stay on the topic.

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 9. AVOID USE OVER EMOTIONS.
You know those cute little smiley faces. They really lose their cuteness when overused and tend to irritate people.
10. BE PATIENT WITH INTERNET NEWBIES
Know that they are just learning like you did once upon a time.
DIGITAL DIVIDE
Is an economic and social inequality according to categories of persons in a given population in their access to, use
of, or knowledge of information and communication technologies (ICT).
INTERNET AND COMPUTER ADDICTION
Known as computer addiction, online addiction, or internet addiction disorder (IAD), covers a variety of impulse-
control problems.
 CYBERSEX ADDICTION
Compulsive use of internet pornography, adult chat rooms, or adult fantasy role-play sites impacting
negatively on real- life intimate relationships.
 CYBER-RELATIONSHIP ADDICTION
Addiction to social networking, chat rooms, texting and messaging to the point where a virtual, online
friends become more important that real- life relationships with family and friends.
 NET COMPULSIONS
Such as compulsive, online gaming, gambling, stock trading or compulsive use online auction sites as
eBay, often resulting in finance and job-related problems.
 COMPUTER ADDICTION
Obsessive playing of off-line computer games, such as solitaire, minesweeper, or obsessive computer
programming.
 INFORMATION OVERLOAD
Compulsive web surfing or database searching, leading to lower work productivity and less social
interaction with the family and friends.
 CYBERBULLYING
Is the use of information technology to harm or harass other people in a deliberate, repeated and hostile
manner.
According to U.S legal definitions. Cyber bullying could be limited to posting rumors or gossips about a
person in the internet bringing about hatred in other’s minds.
 HACKING
Those individuals who engage in computer hacking activities are typically referred to as ‘’hackers’’.
 PHISHING
Is the attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit details (and,
indirectly, money, often for malicious reasons, by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic
communication.
 ILLEGAL DOWNLOADING
Refers to obtaining files that you do not have the right to use from the internet.
 DIGITAL PIRACY
The practice illegally copying and selling digital music, video computer software, etc.

 CYBER DEFAMATION
Is an unprivileged false statement of fact which tends to harm the reputation of a person company.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Computer addiction is necessarily broad and a little vague. If the computer use is so pervasive that it interferes
with other life activities, and if the user seems unable to stop using the computer to excess despite negative
consequences, the problem might be a computer addiction.

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 OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION.

OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION.

WHAT ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES THAT A  NEWS INDUSTRY

MEDIA AND INFORMATION HAS?  FILM PRODUCTION
 ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAMS
 COMMUNICATIONS
 ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS
 EDUCATION SECTOR
 POLITICS

 COMPETITION IN ECONOMY SECTOR

WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES THAT A MEDIA
 PROMOTION OF INFORMATION LITERACY
AND INFORMATION HAS?
 INFORMATION ARE FREE FOR ALL




 
HOW POWERFUL IS THE MEDIA AND INFORMATION?


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Others:

1. ECONOMIC
In a technologically driven economy In ASEAN region the Philippine economy synergize with mainstream
and social media to broadcast latest news and investments tracks in real-time.
2. EDUCATIONAL
Social Media is also medium where students can establish beneficial connections for their careers. As an
educational Institution is crucial to be active in many social platforms possible, this helps create better student
training strategies and shapes student culture.
3. SOCIAL
Becomes as essential as our daily needs. Media of today is playing an outstanding role in creating and
shaping opinion and strengthening of society.
4. POLITICAL
Politicians are always quick blame the media when the news story doesn’t put them in a favorable light.
But politicians use media elections by getting the exposure they need to reach voters.
Crowdsourcing
People that might not otherwise be able to reach for opinions, ideas, or help through some form of
social media.
DO’S AND DON’TS
DO’S
1. Be Honest. Especially about the mistakes. People will see through you anyway so don’t misinform
2. Contribute when you have something to say. Don’t go wading into conversations or harassing people- you
wouldn’t do it in the real world.
3. Target people properly. Make sure you are providing relevant information to the right people. You
have to work out what will benefit the people you want to engage with.

DON’TS
1. Don’t try something you are not.
2. Lloyd Davis, founder of Tuttle, said there’s no faking it. You have to change who you are, not just the
perception of who you are.
3. Don’t forget to find some way to measure your success. You need to justify what you’re doing- to do
this you need to be crystals clear about what you are trying to achieve.
4. Don’t expect overnight success, unless you happen to be Oprah Winfrey.
5. Don’t forget that social network wasn’t invented for companies- they invented for people, and it
individuals who have flocked to and embraced them.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Opportunities
Having knowledge about media and information literacy can be a great opportunity to finding jobs.
Media information literacy creates tons of opportunities in spreading new information and knowledge learn
about the different ways for your organization to get involved.
Challenges
The challenges that affecting media information computer addiction, cyber, bullying etc. I suggest that
to limit this challenge we have to be more discipline and ethically use media information. Media literacy
education is currently at a point of transition. It is a point of opportunity, certainly but it is also one of risk and
danger.
Power
Media and information are a powerful voice of the people to express their self, feeling, thoughts and
to tell what their agenda. Media and information are also a powerful way to spread information and
comments regarding to your concern in your community, work, government, and country
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 CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

MOOC or MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES

A term used to describe web technologies that have enabled educators to create virtual
classrooms.
WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY
Military and industrial application for wearable especially emphasize their hand-free aspect and c
concentrate on speech input and head-up display or voice input.
3D ENVIRONMENT
Allows you to create objects in a 3-dimensional space. It is used by animators and designers for
the film, games, broadcast, web and advertising industry.
3D PRINTING
Refers to any of the various processes for printing a 3-Dimensional object.
3D FILM
Is motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception. Derived from stereoscopic
photography.
HOLOGRAM
Is a technique which enables 3-D images to be made. It involves the use of Laser, Interference,
diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination. Of the recording.
AUGMENTED REALITY
A live direct or indirect view of physical real-world environment whose elements are augmented
(supplemented) by compute- generated sensory.
UBIQUITOUS LEARNING
Educational Technology is constantly evolving and growing, and it is inevitable that this progression will
continually often new and interesting advances in our world.

U- Ubiquitous: pervasive, omnipresent, ever present everywhere

L- Learning: educational, instructive, didactic
E- Environment: surrounding, setting, situation, atmosphere

The main characteristics of ubiquitous learning are:

1. Permanency- Learning materials are always available unless purposely deleted.
2. Accessibility- Access from everywhere as personally required.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Many of the technological advances we are seeing today will shape our daily life in the future – the way we relax,
interact, communicate and conduct business. From virtual worlds, avatar emotions, artificial intelligence, computer-
generated storytelling and narrative, interactive 360 holographic images, mixed reality, stress disorder virtual therapies
and so much more. ICT will continue to advance, empower and transform every aspect of our life. Check out some of
these emerging technologies and trends.

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 PEOPLE MEDIA

refers to persons that are

involved in the use, analysis,
evaluation and production of
media and information (Source:
PEOPLE MEDIA MIL Curriculum Guide by DepEd)

People in Media and People as

Media

PEOPLE AS MEDIUM OF FUNCTION AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION.

-People are the primary tool transferring knowledge and information.

PRINT MEDIA

• Medium that uses any period material (newspaper, magazines and etc.)
• Remains as the primary aid/tool of teachers and students in classroom learning (books).

PEOPLE IN PRINT MEDIA

 They are the ones who utilize text and/ or visual arts on order to impart knowledge, transfer information and
express opinions using printed materials such as books, newspaper and magazines.Ex. Authors, Publishers, Editors,
Columnists, Visual Artists, Photographers

RADIO MEDIA
• Radio is powerful mass medium used in education, for disseminating information, imparting instruction and giving
entertainment.

PEOPLE IN RADIO MEDIA

 They are the ones who utilize radio media such as cassette tapes, CDs, podcast and Am/FM radio broadcasting in
distributing local and international facts and entertainment. radio DJs, broadcasters, commentators, radio actors,
song artists.

TV MEDIA
• Medium that uses the television set to present information. It has a wide audience reach uses both audio and
visual features.
PEOPLE IN TV MEDIA
 They are TV personalities on TV as well as people working behind the camera who used television as a media for
disseminating information which serve both educational and entertainment purposes.
EX. NEWS ANCHORS, REPORTERS, HOSTS, SCRIPT WIRTER, VIDEO JOCKS.

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WEB MEDIA
• The medium is the internet or the world wide web as a means of information exchange. It uses both audio and
video functionally as well as digital or electronic data.
PEOPLE IN WEB MEDIA
 They are the ones responsible for sharing knowledge and information in the world wide web through digital or
electronic formats. EX. BLOGGERS, WEB ADMINISTRATORS, ONLINE MEDIA USERS, WEB WRITERS.

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
• The medium is that uses instructional materials and resources to impart knowledge, skills and attitude though
educational or technical courses.

PEOPLE IN INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

 They are main source of information in a classroom-like environment. They facilitate the learning of the students
using the different tools and strategies incorporate proper knowledge, skills and attitudes. EX. PROFFESORS,
INSTRUCTORS, SPEAKERS, COACHES, TRAINERS STUDENTS, TEACHERS

PEOPLE MEDIA
People who are well- Media practitioners
oriented to media sources who provide
People People
and messages and able to as in information coming
provide information as Media Media from their expert
accurate and reliable as knowledge or first-
possible. hand experience of
event.

• media practitioners
• provide information coming from their
expert knowledge or first- hand
experience of events.

Photo Credit:http://www.medianewser.com/2015/01/mnp-q-maricel-halili-news-
correspondent.html

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 TYPES OF JOURNALIST BY
MEDIUM
• Print Journalists
• Photojournalists
• Broadcast Journalists
• Multimedia Journalist

Print Journalism

Print journalists usually report for

newspapers or magazines. They may be full-
Photo Credit: http://www.123rf.com/stock-
time reporters for one particular publication photo/camera.html
or freelance writers who contribute to a
http://www.nwitimes.com/entertainment/columnists/offbeat/offbeat-
variety of different publications. Oftentimes a superman-s-alter-ego-clark-kent-quits-reporter-job/article_d1daf262-0f4a-
print journalist will be paired with a 5f37-92ff-f17dbafa0132.html
photojournalist who will take pictures to http://karrierebibel.de/ausbildung-journalist/
complement the written story.
https://clipartfest.com/">clipartfest.com</

Photojournalism Broadcast Journalism

Photojournalists are different from traditional Broadcast journalism encompasses both television and
photographers in that they are more interested radio news. There are two ways that journalists can be
in capturing images that tell a story than ones involved in broadcast journalism: behind the scenes or
that just look nice. on the air.
Photojournalists are generally highly-trained Journalists working behind the scenes do a lot of
photographers who may have worked in a research and reporting, but their faces or voices will not
traditional photography medium like wedding be broadcast. Journalists who work on the air may do
photography before transitioning into their own reporting or read stories crafted by their
journalism. colleagues.

Multimedia Journalism CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

We may say that people media consist of
This is the newest field of journalism and also the men, women, or even children that widely influence
fastest-growing. Multimedia journalism can the people by reaching them through different
means. They are the sources of information, and are
encompass all the fields listed above because a
responsible in disseminating that information.
web page can have a written story, still photos, People media may also be defined as the utilization
video, and audio. Multimedia journalists are of people credible in their respective fields to talk
encouraged to have a wide set of storytelling about their expertise and help the students learn
abilities, as well as highly defined technical skills. from people with firsthand experiences on a
particular field or topic.

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 TEXT AND INFORMATION MEDIA
TEXT INFORMATION
• A non-fiction writing written with intention of informing the reader about a specific topic.
• A simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether hand-written, printed or
displayed on-screen.
• Text can be as short such as a single sentence or phrase, or they can be as lengthy as news articles or investigative
reporting. No matter how brief or lengthy, however, a text is always carefully written with the intent of sending a
very specific message to the target audience.

Characteristics of Text Information and Media

• A text is any media product we wish to examine
• A text is effortful to comprehend
• A text has its limitations too
• Images can communicate everything at once
Text as visual
a. Typeface (also called font, font type, or type) refers to the representation or style of a text in the digital format.
b. A typeface is usually comprised of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, symbols and other special
characters. When fonts are installed in the computer, they usually come in file formats such as True Type Font
(.ttf), Open Type Font (.otf), etc.
c. In the absence of images or drawings, text is the easiest way of communicating to your audience. The use
of various font types can express different emotions or meaning
Types of Typefaces

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PARTS OF THE TEXT

Titles - allows the reader to identify the overall topic of the text and understand the main idea.
Headings - allow the reader to identify specific topics and also divide the text into sections.
Bold Print and Italic - use to signal the reader that the word is important
Charts, Tables and Graphs - use to organized large amounts of info to small space
Illustration - helps the reader to understand the information in a visual way
Caption - use to explain the illustration.

TYPES OF TEXT
BOOKS NEWSPAPER

• Are the oldest medium of mass communication. • They are collections of printed pages bound together.
• They are collections of printed pages bound together. • Their content is mostly public affairs and events
• Their content can be entertainment and information information reporting with some entertainment

MAGAZINE NEWSLETTER
• They are collections of printed pages bound together. • They are collections of printed pages bound
• Their content includes both entertainment and information. together.
• Their content includes both entertainment and
information.
• Provide information to members, customers,
employee and friends and organization.
Advantages

Availability
- printed materials are already available on a variety of topics and in many different formats.
Flexibility
- they are adjustable to many purposes and maybe used in many lighted environment
Portability
- they’re easily transported to another place without the aid of machine or electricity.
User-friendly
- easy to use, no extra effort to search
Economical
- inexpensive to produce or purchase
Purposes

• To bring in a better communication and understanding between the general public

government.
• To help the people know what’s happening in the country about the economy, social and
political situation.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Text media such as those in the newspaper, textbooks are very important sources of knowledge/information
readily available especially those on-line sources. Text Media is very important since this is one of the basic media and I
think the oldest also. It caters visual learners. Text medias in form of print, wikis and other form are very helpful for those
on-line sources.

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 VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA

VISUAL AND INFORMATION MEDIA

What is Visual?
 A picture, piece of film, or display used to illustrate or accompany something.

1. Visual media and information – materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and students use to
formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation and production of visual images.
2. Types of visual media – photography, video, screenshots, infographics, data visualization (charts and graphs), comic
strips/cartoons, memes, visual note-taking, etc (Give examples of each type and highlight special characteristics of a
given type and its application).
3. Formally and informally produced visual media – visual media produced by formal organizations such as schools,
government, and established media/publishing outfits are considered formally produced. Other visual media are
considered informally produced.
4. Purpose of visual information – the primary purpose of visual information is to gain attention, create meaning, and
facilitate retention. (Show at least one example for each purpose and ask learners their reactions or responses to
each one).

1. Visual design elements - the building blocks or basic units in the construction of a visual image. (Show visual media and
information that incorporates most of the design elements. Point out why these elements are important). The Design
Elements are:
a. Line – describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick or thin. Lines may be actual, implied,
vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or contour lines.
b. Shape – usually a geometric area that stands out from the space next to or around it, or because of differences
in value, color, or texture. Shape may also be organic.
c. Value – the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the tones in
between. Value can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme changes between values.
d. Texture – the way a surface feels or is perceived to feel. Texture can be added to attract or repel interest to a
visual element. Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, resulting in a feeling of smoothness or
roughness in objects.
e. Color – determined by its hue (name of color), intensity (purity of the hue), and value (lightness or darkness of
hue). Color and color combination can play a large role in the design. Color may be used for emphasis, or may elicit
emotions from viewers. Color maybe warm, cool, or neutral. It plays a major role in our visual perception, as it influences
our reactions about the world around us. It is therefore important to create color palettes that evoke the appropriate
audience reactions. Color has three properties.
f. Form – a figure having volume and thickness. An illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be implied with the use of
light and shading. Form can be viewed from many angles.

PRINCIPLE OF VISUAL DESIGN

1. BALANCE
The visual weight of the object, texture, colors and space is evenly distributed on the screen. The colors
should also have a similar visual weight.

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 2. EMPHASIS
An area in the design that may appear different in size, texture, shape or color to attract theviewer’s
attention.

3. MOVEMENT
Visual elements guide the viewer’s eyes around the screen.

4. PATTERN, REPETITION AND RHYTHM

These are the repeating visual element on an image or layout to create unity in the layout or image.

5. PROPORTION

Visual elements create a sense of unity where they relate well with one another.

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6. VARIETY
This uses several design elements to draw a viewer’ s attention.

7. CONTRAST

• offers some change in value creating a visual discord in a composition.

• shows the difference between shapes and can be used as a background to bring objects out and forward in a
design.
• can also be used to create an area of emphasis.

8. HARMONY

– Brings together a composition with similar unitsnotice how similar harmony is to unity (some sources list both
terms)

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Principle of Visual Design
- Balance
- Emphasis
- Movement
- Pattern
- Variety
- Proportion
- Contrast
- Harmony
- Rhythm

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 AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA

AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA

WHAT IS AUDIO?
Sound, especially when recorded, transmitted or reproduce.
Audible information can be heard anywhere even without the help of any medium. A person speaking is heard by
people around him and that can already be an example of audio information and media.

Characteristics of Audio Information Media

1. Clarity of voice
2. Relevant to the topic
3. Clear pitch of the audio
4. Appropriate length
5. Appropriate language
6. Unbiased content

TWO TYPES OF AUDIO

ANALOG
Traditional audio devices are analog, because handle sound waves in an analogous form. For example,
radios maintain the audio signal as rippling waves from antenna to speaker.

DIGITAL
In the computer, audio is processed by converting the analog signal into a digital code using pcm (phase
change memory)

THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF AUDIO MEDIA

1. Radio Broadcast which can be live or taped.

2. Recordings.

Examples of Audio Media

Audio tape; Digital audio: compact disks
Telephone: Voicemail
• Low cost • Inexpensive
• Easy to use • Easily accessible
• Has feedback feature • Easily duplicated
• Length may be limited • Require specific device
• May involve toll charges • Hard to modify
• The recordings once produced and distributed
Audio conference (Teleconferencing)
• Easy to set up
• Has feedback feature
• Remove distance constraint
• Requires specific device

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TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF AUDIO INFORMATION
Play to the learner’s different samples of audio files. Let the learners identify the type.

a. Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide audience.
b. Music - vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and
expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure,
religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product.
c. Sound recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the environment.
d. Sound clips/effects - any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a
dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.
e. Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series that can be
downloaded from a website to a media player or computer.

WAYS TO STORE AUDIO MEDIA

1. TAPE- Magnetic tape which sounds can be recorded. 2. CD (COMPACT DISC)-Plastic fabricated, circular
Medium for recording, storing and playing back audio,
storing and playing back audio, video and computer
data.

3. USB DRIVE - An external flash drive, 4. Memory Card Is a small storage medium used to
small enough to carry on a key ring, that can be store data such as text, pictures, audio and video for
used with any computer that has a USB port. use small, portable or remote computing devices.

5. Computer Hard Drive- Secondary storage devices for 6. Internet/Cloud- Websites or file repositories
storing audio file. for retrieving audio files, and more precisely the
files are stored in some datacenter full of servers
that is connected to the internet.

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Design Principle and Elements

Audio information does not have an extensive scope in terms of principle and elements. It is generally labeled,
but can identified by the following:
AUDIO CLIPS. An audio clip is a category of bigger idea, which is media clip.
RECORD. An audio file that is stored on tape or on a click.
EARCON. Short sound phrases that are used to mainly in computers to support computer commands like
shutting down, starting up, opening.

Different audio file formats:

a. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard of digital audio
compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.
b. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio
compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3
at similar bit rates.
c. WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It has become a
standard file format for game sounds, among others. d. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data compression
technology developed by Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player.
Port.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY

TYPES OF AUDIO
- ANALOG
- DIGITAL
WAYS ON HOW TO SAVE AUDIO
- CASSTTE TAPE
- CD
- FLASH DRIVE
- MEMORY CARD
- INTERNET CLOUD
Design Principle and Elements
– Audio clips
– Record
– Earcon

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 MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA

DIFFERENT MOTION FORMAT:

1. FILM- also called a movie or motion is a series of still or moving images.

A. Short film
B. Documentary film
C. Animation

2. MOTION PICTURE IN TELEVISION

is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome
(black and white) or colored with or without accompanying sound.

A. Commercial advertisement on TV
B. Philippine drama
C. Reality shows
D. Games shows
E. Talk shows
F. Television news.

3. Interactive Video
Usually refers to a technique used to blend interaction and linear and film.
a. ‘’Customizable’’ Online Interactive Video-
allow the user to adjust some variables and then play a video customized to the user’s
particular preferences.
b. ‘’Conversational Online Interactive Video-
allow the user to interact in turn-based manner, almost as though the user was having a
simple conversation with character in the video.

c. ‘’Exploratory’’ Online Interactive Video-

allow the user to move through space or look at an object such as an artwork form multiple angle.

4. Other (i.e phone gaming, computer games, cinema)

Livestream: is a live streaming video platform that allows users to view and broadcast video
content using camera and a computer through internet.
- Youtube: is a video-sharing website, created by three former Paypal employees in February
2005, on which users can upload view and share videos.

ADVANTAGES OF MOTION MEDIA

MOTION- better mastery of procedures, as opposed to stagnant images.

PROCESSES-operations where sequential movement is needed can be shown.
SKILL LEARNING-videos can be viewed over and over, so repeated view directly.
DRAMATIZATION-recreation of history and personalities, observing and analyzing human relations problem.
AFFECTIVE LEARNING-films for shaping personal and social attitudes; documentaries and propaganda films to
affect attitudes.
PROBLEM SOLVING-open-ended dramatizations can leave viewers to solve problems themselves.
CULTURAL- UNDERSTANDING- appreciation for the other cultures by seeing video depictions of them.
ESTABLISHING COMMONALITY-people with different backgrounds can discuss topics after watching a video.

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Essential Elements of Motion Media and Information

Speed -can be constant or variable the tone of the movement can be highlighted by the speed coupled
with music. A fast movement give vigor and vitality, intensifying emotions. A slow movement connotes lethargy,
solemnity and sadness.
Direction- can indicate a movement from one direction to another. It can also refer to the growing or
shrinking of an object. As the object move the background must remain in scale with the objects.
Motion Path- refers to the route that the object will take. It shows the change in the direction of a
movement. It is important to note the triggers to the change in direction of an object. These triggers are often key
objects or events in a story.

Timing- can be objective or subjective. Objective timing can be measured in minutes, seconds, days etc.
Subjective timing is psychological or felt. Objective timing is used to produce subjective timing. Timing can be
used to clarify or intensify the message or event. Using a pause can help time events.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
MOTION FORMAT
-FILM
-MOTION PICTURE IN TELEVISION
- INTERACTIVE VIDEO
ADVANTAGES OF MOTION MEDIA
Motion Processes Skill Learning Dramatization
Affective Learning Problem Solving Cultural- Understanding
Establishing Commonality

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 MANIPULATIVE/INTERACTIVE MEDIA

MANIPULATIVE
Tools used for interactive, hands-on learning. These n be 3D objects like puzzle, blocks and shapes, or
computer application or simulation that help in the grasping of ideas and acquiring skills.

HISTORY OF MANIPULATIVE

SALAMIS TABLET
In ancient times, manipulative have been used mostly for Mathematical Purposes.

ABACUS
During Greek and Roman times, the Roman Hand- Abacus was created out of stone and metal. In
1200 AD they call it the SUAN-PAN.

JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI

Developed the “PESTOLLAZZI METHOD’’ of learning which is basically hands-on
learning in the 1800s.

FROEBEL GIFTS
In 1840, Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel developed the concept of
“KINDERGARTEN” where children learn by playing. He introduced the ‘’FROEBEL GIFTS”
such as balls, wooden blocks and tiles.

MONTESSORI METHOD OF LEARNING

Maria Montessori extended Froebel’s idea and created the Montessori Method of
Learning. This focuses on materials for older children.

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 DIGITAL MANIPULATIVES
In the 1900s, computational capabilities are embedded into blocks, beads and other toys.
VIRTUAL MANIPULATIVES
With the advent of personal computers and virtual learning, researchers also developed manipulatives
further by creating programs and animated images.

Types of Manipulatives

TRADITIONAL MANIPULATIVES

ATTRIBUTE BLOCKS-
can be used to teach sorting, patterns and identifying attributes

GEARED CLOCKS- allow children to explore telling time on analog clocks and calculating
elapsed time.

TWO COLOR COUNTERS- can be also used to introduce students to basic ideas of
probability.

COLOR CUBES- They help children through hands-on exploration of basic

mathematics and geometric relationship as they stack, count, sort and work with
patterns.

Traditional Manipulative Advantages

• Learning while playing
• Multi- sensory output
• Physical interaction
• Student collaboration

Traditional Manipulative Disadvantages

• Tendency to be focused on nothing else

• Supervision needed especially for early grades.
• Progress is hard to monitor, and cannot be easily documented.

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 DIGITAL MANIPULATIVES

ROBOTICS DIGITAL GAMES

Digital Manipulative Advantages

• Attention-catching, fun and motivational

• A lot of potential for program improvement
• Availability at the comfort of home
• Learning by discovery.

Digital Manipulative Disadvantages

• Limited to computer/internet users

• A lot of distractions in the WWW
• Some programs/ games can be addictive
• Digital Divide.

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Manipulatives media can be both traditional and digital. The use of manipulatives media in the classroom is
essential since it gives a concrete experience for the learners because students able to explore and investigate. Thus,
learning is effective, be it traditional or digital.
Some considerations in choosing manipulatives should be in line with the objectives of the lesson. If it requires
manual manipulation or using a software, then use it in teaching a lesson.Manipulative media is very important tool in
learning since it involves kids in learning, this stimulates a lot of senses and this produces better learning retention.

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 MULTIMDEDIA INFORMATION MEDIA
What is Multimedia?

MULTI MEDIA

MANY, MULTIPLE DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION OF

PRESENTATION, TEXT, GRAPHIC VOICE IMAGES ETC.

- is a combination of text, graphic, sound, animation and video that is delivered interactively to the user
by electronic or digital manipulated means.
MULTIMEDIA
Is a combination of text, graphic, sound, animation and video that is delivered interactively to the user by
electronic or digital manipulated means.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIMEDIA
1. Multimedia systems must be computer controlled
2. Multimedia systems are integrated
3. The information they handle must be represented digitally
4. The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive.

5 ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA

 TEXT
 AUDIO
 GRAPHIC
 VIDEO
 ANIMATION

1. Text
Is the most basic element in multimedia.
A broad term for something that contains words to express something.

2. Graphics
Could be produced manually (by drawing, painting, carving etc.)
Or by computer graphics technology.

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3. AUDIO
Is produced by vibration as, perceived by the sense of hearing.

4. ANIMATION
The illusion of motion created by consecutive.

5. VIDEO
Is the technology of capturing, recording, processing, transmitting, and reconstructing moving pictures.

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA

HYPER MEDIA
-When the user is given the option of controlling the elements
LINEAR

Multimedia Project is identified as Linear when: It is not interactive- User have no control over the content
that is being showed to them. Ex. A movie- Non interactive lecture/ demo show.

NON- LINEAR

A multimedia project is identified as nonlinear when: it is interactive- users have control over the content
that is being showed to them. Ex. Game- interactive cd.

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AUTHORING TOOLS

Use to merge multimedia elements (text, audio graphic, animation, video) into a project.

AUTHORING TOOLS EX:

 MACROMEDIA AUTHOWARE
 MACRO MEDIA DIRECTOR
 MACROMEDIA FLASH
 MICROSOFT POWER POINT

IMPORTANCE OF MULTIMEDIA

 BUSINESS
 EDUCATION
 ENTERTAINMENT
 HOME
 PUBLIC PLACES

CONCLUSION/ SUMMARY
Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations,
video and interactive content. Multimedia contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-
only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material.
Multimedia can be recorded and played, displayed, interacted with or accessed by information content processing
devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. Multimedia devices
are electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is distinguished from mixed
media in fine art; for example, by including audio it has a broader scope. In the early years of multimedia the term "rich
media" was synonymous with interactive multimedia, and "hypermedia" was an application of multimedia.

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-

- - END -

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