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BIOLIFE ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Diversity of Legumes of Betalghat, Kumaun, Western Himalaya

Naveen Chandra Pandey1* Neha Chopra2, G.C. Joshi3 and Lalit M. Tewari4

1,2,4
Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand.
3
Regional Ayurvedic Research Institute (RARI), CCRAS, Ranikhet, Uttarakhand.

E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT
The Indian Himalaya is rich in socio-cultural values, biodiversity and having a vast treasure of medicinal plant.
Uttarakhand is a part of Indian Himalayan Region, has vast number of rivers, tributaries and lakes. Betalghat is a
block of Nainital district located at the bank of river Kosi. The study was conducted to document the diversity of
Legumes of Betalghat, Kumaun, Western Himalaya. Total 127 plants species belonging to 55 genera of different
habits such as herbs (65 species) dominates the area followed by shrubs (33 species), trees (18 species), and
climbers (11 species) were recorded. The preserved plant specimens were deposited in the herbarium division of
the Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital.

Key words: Diversity, Fabaceae (Legumes), Betalghat, Kumaun, Western Himalaya.

pea or bean families, consisting of all trees, shrubs and

herbaceous plants perennials or annuals, which can be
INTRODUCTION easily identified by their fruits (legume) and compound,
stipulated leaves (Kajita et al., 2001, Judd et al., 2002,
The Indian Himalaya is rich in socio-cultural values, Stevens, 2008, Sprent, 2009, Lewis et al., 2005, Rahman
biodiversity and having a vast treasure of medicinal et al., 2014, Noreen et al., 2018).
plant. In Himalaya, most of the people live in villages and
utilize plants for food, fodder, fuel, medicine, timber and The flora of Uttarakhand has been explored and worked
various other purposes (Samant & Dhar, 1997; Arya & out by several workers (Atkinson, 1882, Duthie, 1906,
Khan, 2015). In the Indian Himalayan region, about 1748 Osmaston, 1927, Kanjilal, 1928, Gupta, 1968, Raizada &
species of medicinal plants (Samant et al., 1998), 675 Saxena, 1978, Kalakoti, 1983, Naithani, 1984-1985,
species of wild edibles (Samant & Dhar, 1997), 279 Pande, 1984, Pant, 1986, Joshi, 1987, Pangtey & Rawat,
species of fodder (Samant et al., 1998), 118 species of 1987, Pangtey et al., 1991, Gaur, 1999, Joshi & Joshi,
essential oil yielding medicinal and aromatic plants 2001, Singh & Prakash, 2002, Tewari et al., 2010,
(Samant & Palni, 2000), and 155 species of sacred Pandey et al., 2016, 2017, Arya et al., 2018, Joshi et al.,
plants (Samant & Pant, 2003) have been recorded. 2018). The aim of the present study is to document the
Diversity of Legumes of Betalghat, Kumaun, Western
Uttarakhand is a part of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) Himalaya).
situated between the latitudes of 28043’.45”-3108’10” N
and the longitudes of 77035’5”-8102’25” E (Uniyal et al.,
2007) at the trijunction of Nepal, Tibet and India. It covers
an area of 53,485 Km2 with total forest area of about 65% How to Cite this Article:
of the total geographical area which is consisting 1.68% Naveen Chandra Pandey, Neha Chopra, G.C. Joshi and
of the land area of the country (Srivastava & Singh, Lalit M. Tewari (2020). Diversity of Legumes of
2005). Betalghat, Kumaun, Western Himalaya. Biolife. 8(2), 1-
9. DOI:10.17812/blj.8201
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae which is known as
legume family is thought to be the third largest family of
plants in respect to total number of species, after Received: 28 April, 2020; Accepted 1 June 2020;
Orchidaceae and Asteraceae. Fabaceae includes 730 Published: 8 June 2020
genera and 19,400 species. It includes all the legumes,

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Naveen Chandra Pandey et al Copyright@2020

Figure-1: Map of the study area (Source- http://www.uttaranchal.org.uk)

MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The geography of the Himalayan region is very unique
Geographical description of study area
and diverse system that is high and rich source of plant
diversity which supports the vast group of rural
Betalghat block belongs to district Nainital which lies
communities by providing all the necessary and
between 29038’925” N latitudes and 79049’465” E longitudes
important resources to make their livelihood easier thus
(Fig.-1). The region is bordered by Ramgarh block on the
it is the major source of economy. In the present study a
east, Sult block on the west, Tarikhet and Bhikyasain block
total of 127 plant species with 55 genera of family
on the north and Kotabag block on the south (Pandey et al.,
fabaceae (legumes) from Betalghat, Kumaun, Western
2017).
Himalaya were recorded. Diversity of herbaceous flora
(65 species) dominates the area followed by shrubs (33
Data Collection and Sample Identification
species), trees (18 species), and climbers (11 species)
(Fig.-2). Desmodium (13 species), Crotalaria (12
The study was conducted in 2016-2019 includes nine sites
species), Cassia and Indigofera (7 each species), Vigna(
(Betalghat, Bhatrojkhan, Bhowali, Garampani, Korar,
6 species), Bauhinia (5 species), Acacia, Flemingia and
Niglaat, Pangkatara, Raatighat and Simalkha) of Betalghat
Vicia (4 each species), and Albizia (3 species) were the
block. Specimens of all the plants were collected and
most dominant genera occurring in the region (Fig.-3).
identified with the help of relevant floras and herbaria
The recorded plant species have been enumerated
(Osmaston, 1927, Naithani, 1984-1985, Gaur, 1999, Joshi
along with their local names, habit, and altitudinal range
et al., 2018). The specimens collected from the field were
(m) and flowering and fruiting time (Table-1).
deposited in the herbarium division of the Department of
Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital.
Earlier, Gupta (1968) reported 69 species of family
fabaceae from Nainital, Kalakoti (1983) reported 119
species from the Nainital hills, Pande (1984) reported
101 species from Almora District, Samant (1987)
reported 114 species from central and south-eastern part

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Naveen Chandra Pandey et al Copyright@2020

Table 1. Diversity of Legumes of Betalghat, Kumaun, Western Himalaya

S. Altitudinal Fl & Fr
Local Name Botanical Name Source Habit
No. Range (m) Time
1. Ratti Abrus precatorius L. W Cl 700-1200 Aug-Mar
2. Safed Ratti Abrus pulchellus Wall. ex Thwaites W Cl 700-1200 Aug-Dec
3. Khair Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. W T 700-1300 May-Jan
4. Acacia Acacia dealbata Link. W T 1200-1800 Feb-Aug
5. VilayatiKikar Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. W Sh 700-1300 Jan-Jul
6. Agali Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. W Cl 700-1400 Aug-Sep
7. Laugauni Aeschynomene indica L. W H 700-1200 Aug-Dec
8. Siris Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. W T 300-1500 Apr-Mar
9. Kuneri Albizia julibrissin Durazz. W T 1200-2500 Apr-Dec
10. Siris Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. W T 400-1500 Apr-Nov
11. Sherva Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. W H 700-1400 Jul-Dec
12. Moogphali Arachis hypogaea L. C H 700-1400 Aug-Dec
13. Argyrolobium Argyrolobium flaccidum (Royle) Jaub. & Spach W H 700-1500 Aug-Oct
14. Argyrolobium Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub. & Spach W H 700-1800 Aug-Oct
15. Rudravanti Astragalus leucocephalus Grah. ex Benth. W H 1600-1800 Mar-Jun
16. Ban-Tor Atylosia volubilis (Blanco) Gamble W H 700-1500 Feb-Apr
17. Kachnar Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. W T 700-1100 Aug-Mar
18. Kwiryal Bauhinia purpurea L. W T 700-1600 Sep-Mar
19. Kandela Bauhinia semla Wunder. W T 700-1700 Sep-Apr
20. Malujhan Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. W Cl 700-1500 Apr-Sep
21. Kachnar Bauhinia variegata L. W T 700-1700 Feb-Aug
22. Karanj Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. W Cl 700-1000 Jul-Mar
23. Karanj Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston W Sh 700-1200 Feb-Nov
24. Arhar Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth. C H 700-1500 Aug-Nov
25. Calliandra Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. C Sh 700-1000 Aug-Nov
26. Sakina Campylotropis eriocarpa Schindl. W Sh 1500-1800 Jul-Dec
27. Banar Cassia absus L. W H 700-1000 Aug-Dec
28. Amaltas Cassia fistula L. W T 300-1400 Apr-Jan
29. Taror Cassia floribunda Cav. W Sh 800-1800 Jun-Feb
30. Banar Cassia mimosoides L. W H 700-1800 Jul-Oct
31. Banar Cassia occidentalis L. W Sh 700-1600 Jul-Oct
32. Banar Cassia surattensis Burm. f. W T 700-1500 Apr-Sep
33. Banar Cassia tora L. W H 700-1300 Jul-Dec
34. Chana Cicer arietinum L. C H 700-1800 Feb-Apr
35. Chunchuni Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth W H 700-1800 Mar-Nov
36. Phatphaitya Crotalaria bialata Schrank. W H 700-1800 Aug-Dec
37. Phatphaitya Crotalaria calycina Schrank. W H 700-1800 Jul-Dec
38. Jhuri-Jhunia Crotalaria humifusa Graham ex Benth. W H 700-1500 Jul-Dec
39. Jhuri-Jhunia Crotalaria incana L. W H 700-1200 Jun-Sep
40. Phatphaitya Crotalaria medicaginea Lam. W H 700-1300 Apr-Aug

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41. Phatphaitya Crotalaria mysorensis Roth W H 700-1600 Aug-Jan

42. Phatphatiya Crotalaria pallida Aiton. W H 700-1400 Sep-Nov
43. Phatphaitya Crotalaria prostrata Rottl. ex Willd. W H 700-1800 Jul-Oct
44. Phatphatiya Crotalaria sessiliflora L. W H 700-1500 Aug-Oct
45. Chun- Crotalaria spectabilis Roth H 700-1600 Sep-Apr
W
Chuni
46. Phatphatiya Crotalaria tetragona Roxb. ex Andrews W H 700-1500 Aug-Dec
47. Ghogra Dalbergia sericea G. Don W T 700-1300 Mar-Aug
48. Sisham Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. W T 700-1500 Mar-Jun
49. Sakina Desmodium concinnum DC. W Sh 700-1800 Aug-Nov
50. Chamlai Desmodium elegans DC. W Sh 1400-1800 Apr-Oct
51. Salprani Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. W Sh 700-1800 Mar-Dec
52. Sakina Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. W Sh 700-1800 Aug-Nov
53. Sakina Desmodium laxiflorum DC. W Sh 700-1800 Aug-Dec
54. Sakina Desmodium microphyllum (Thunb.) DC. W H 900-1800 Jan-Dec
55. Sakina Desmodium motorium Houtt. W H 700-1600 Jul-Nov
56. Sakina Desmodium multiflorus DC. W Sh 700-1600 Jul-Oct
57. Sakina Desmodium oxyphyllum DC. W H 1300-1800 Jul-Oct
58. Sakina Desmodium podocarpum (Thunb.) DC. W Sh 700-1800 Aug-Oct
59. Sakina Desmodium pullchellum (L.) Benth. W Sh 700-1000 Jul-Nov
60. Sakina Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. W H 700-1800 Jul-Sep
61. Sakina Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. W Sh 700-1500 Sep-Dec
62. Basshur Dolichos tenuicaulis (Baker) Craib W H 1500-1800 Aug-Oct
63. Dumasia Dumasia villosa DC. W H 700-1800 Aug-Oct
64. Mandir Erythrina arborescens Roxb. W Sh 1500-1800 Aug-oct
65. Rungar Erythrina suberosa Roxb. W T 700-1500 Mar-Jun
66. Salprani Flemingia bracteata (Roxb.) Wight W Sh 700-1800 Sep-Jan
67. Cheena Flemingia procumbens Roxb. W H 1600-1800 Jul-Oct
68. Salprani Flemingia semialata Roxb. W Sh 700-1800 Aug-Oct
69. Salprani Flemingia strobilifera (L.) R. Br. W Sh 700-1800 Sep-Dec
70. Soyabean Glycine max (L.) Merr. C H 700-1800 Aug-Nov
71. Sakina Indigofera astragalina DC. W H 700-1300 Aug-Nov
72. Kala-sakina Indigofera atropurpurea Hornem. W Sh 900-1600 Aug-Nov
73. Sakina Indigofera cassioides Rottler ex DC. W Sh 700-1800 Jan-Jun
74. Sakina Indigofera cylindracea Graham. ex Baker W Sh 1200-1800 Aug-Dec
75. Sakina Indigofera dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don W Sh 1300-1800 May-Sep
76. Sakina Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brandis. W Sh 700-1800 May-Nov
77. Sakina Indigofera linifolia (L. f.) Retz. W H 700-1500 Mar-Nov
78. Sem Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet C Cl 700-1300 Nov-Jun
79. Kurphali Lathyrus aphaca L. W H 700-1800 Feb-May
80. Kurphali Lathyrus sphaericus Retz. W H 700-1800 Feb-May
81. Masoor Lens culinaris Medik. C H 700-1800 Feb-Apr
82. Khunja Lespedeza gerardiana Graham. ex Maxim. W Sh 800-1700 Aug-Oct
83. Khunja Lespedeza juncea (L.f.) Pers. W Sh 1300-1800 Aug-Nov
84. Khunja Lespedeza stenocarpa Maxim. W Sh 700-1800 Feb-Jun

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85. Vilaiti Baval Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. C T 700-1200 Sep-Dec

86. Lotus Lotus corniculatus L. W H 1200-1800 Apr-Oct
87. Gehat Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. C H 700-1800 Aug- Oct
88. Bish-Kapru Medicago lupulina L. W H 700-1600 Nov-May
89. Banmethi Melilotus indica (L.) All. W H 700-1500 Jan-May
90. Gouj Milletia extensa Benth. ex Baker f. W Cl 700-1300 Apr-Sep
91. Aal Mimosa himalayana Gamble W Sh 700-1600 Jun-Oct
92. Chhui-Mui Mimosa pudica L. W H 700-1200 Aug-Nov
93. Bhaisalu Mucuna nigricans (Lour.) Steud. W Cl 700-1300 Aug-Dec
94. Gaunji Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. W Cl 700-1300 Sep-Dec
95. Sandan Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb) Hochst. W T 700-1600 Mar-Jun
96. Bean Phaseolus lunatus L. C H 700-1800 Jul-Nov
97. Rajma Phaseolus vulgaris L. C H 700-1800 Aug-Nov
98. Kaliyon Pisum arvense L. C H 700-1800 Mar-May
99. Mattar Pisum sativum L. C H 700-1800 Feb-May
100. Bilaikand Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. W Sh 700-1600 Mar-Jun
101. Bilaikand Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. W Sh 700-1500 Mar-Dec
102. Rhynchosia Rhynchosia minima (L.,) DC. W H 700-1200 Jun-Sep
103. Robinia Robinia pseudocasia L. C T 700-1600 May-Oct
104. Ghoytiya Shuteria involucrata (Wall.) Wt. & Arn. W Cl 700-1800 Nov-Apr
105. Smithia Smithia ciliata Royle W H 1300-1800 Jul-Sep
106. Peeli Sakina Sophora mollis (Royle) Baker W Sh 700-1300 Mar-Jul
107. Imali Tamarindus indica L. C T 700-1100 May-Apr
108. Sarphhoka Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC. W Sh 700-1300 Jun-Feb
109. Sarphhoka Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. W Sh 700-1400 Sep-Dec
110. Berseem Trifolium alexandrinum L. C H 700-1200 Mar-May
111. Tipatiya Trifolium repens L. W H 700-1800 Apr-Jul
112. Ban Methi Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. W H 700-1800 Apr-Jul
113. Methi Trigonella foenum-graecum L. C H 700-1800 Mar-May
114. Sainji Trigonella incisa DC. W H 700-1500 Mar-Jun
115. Uraria Uraria lagopus DC. W H 700-1300 Sep-Nov
116. Bakla Vicia faba L. C H 700-1800 Dec-May
117. Kura Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray. W H 700-1800 Mar-May
118. Kura Vicia rigidula Royle W H 1600-1800 Aug-Nov
119. Ankra Vicia sativa L. W H 700-1800 Aug-Sep
120. Rayans Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi. C H 700-1800 Aug-Nov
121. Mash Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper C H 700-1800 Aug-Nov
122. Moong Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek C H 700-1400 Aug-Nov
123. Moth Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. C H 700-1400 Aug-Nov
124. Bhotiya Dal Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi C H 700-1800 Sep-Dec
125. Machali Vigna vexillata (L.) Rich. W H 900-2500 Aug-Nov
126. Wisteria Wisteria chinensis (Sweet) DC C Cl 700-1800 Apr-Jul
127. Dwipat Zornia gibbosa Span. W H 700-1800 Aug-Nov
Abbreviations Used- C- Cultivated; W- Wild; T- Tree; Sh- Shrub; H- Herb; Cl- Climber; Fl & Fr- Flowering and
Fruiting.

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Figure 2: Habit of plant species of the region

70

60
Number of species

50

40

30

20

10

0
Herbs Shrubs Trees Climbers
Habit

Figure 3: Dominant Genera of the region

14

12
Number of species

10

Genera

of Pithoragarh, Gaur (1999) reported 178 species from Bangladesh, Nagarajan et al., (2017) reported 100
Garhwal, North-West Himalaya, Chaudhary (2010) species from Indian Institute of Technology-Madras,
reported 51 species from Vindhya region of Uttar Chennai, Joshi et al., (2018) reported 99 species from
Pradesh, Kumari (2011) reported 99 species from Ranikhet, West Himalaya and Kushwaha et al., (2018)
Almora District, Wariss et al., (2013) reported 154 reported 110 species from Sonbhadra District, Utar
species from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan, Kumar et al., Pradesh. Pictures of certain plants are given in Figure-4.
(2014) reported 41 species from Papagini river
catchment areas, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rahman and
Parvin (2014) reported 32 species from Rajshahi,

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Naveen Chandra Pandey et al Copyright@2020

Figure-4. Diversity of Plants Belonging to Family Fabaceae

Abrus precatorius Bauhinia semla Bauhinia vahlii Bauhinia variegata

Cassia occidentalis Cassia tora Crotalaria spectabilis Crotalaria tetragona

Dalbergia sissoo Desmodium concinnum Desmodium elegans Desmodium laxiflorum

Desmodium velutinum Erythrina arborescens Erythrina suberosa Flemingia procumbens

Flemingia semialata Indigofera astragalina Indigofera dosua Millettia extensa

Ougeinia oojeinensis Pueraria tuberosa Tephrosia candida Vigna vexillata

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Naveen Chandra Pandey et al Copyright@2020

CONCLUSION [14]. Kanjilal, U.N. 1928. Forest flora of the Chakrata,

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9 |© 2020 Global Science Publishing Group, USA Biolife | 2020 | Vol 8 | Issue 2