SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences

ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732

Dasar et al., 2024
DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.1.8

Research Article

Enhancing Life-saving Skills: Evaluating the Impact of an

Educational Module on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Deepika Dasar1*, Jayashree G Itti2, Shivanand D3, Javeed B3, Kaveri T3, Shridevi S3
1
Lecturer, Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, Shri B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences, Bagalkot. Karnataka, India
2
Principal, Dept. of Community Health Nursing, Shri B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
3
Student, Dept. of. Medical Surgical Nursing, Shri B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences, Bagalkot. Karnataka, India

*Address for Correspondence: Deepika Dasar, Lecturer, Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Shri B. V. V. S. Institute of
Nursing Sciences, Bagalkot- 587101, India
E-mail: [email protected]

Received: 16 Aug 2023/ Revised: 14 Oct 2023/ Accepted: 09 Dec 2023

ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. This means that approximately 17.3 million
deaths are reported annually, and this figure is expected to reach 23.3 million by 2030. Developing countries are facing increasing
numbers of NCDs; 42% of NCD-related deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases. The term CVD is broad and describes many
conditions related to the heart and blood vessels. Some of these are caused by vascular occlusion, causing ischemic heart disease,
such as myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke.
Methods: In this study, pretest, group pretest, and posttest were applied. A simple random sampling technique was used to select
50 students and collect data through a survey on knowledge and CPR behaviour. After data collection, subjects underwent a
training session and 8 days later, a test was administered using the same questionnaire and behavioural assessment.
Results: The pretest indicated that 34% of students had average CPR knowledge, 66% were poor, and 94% were inadequate. The
student's attitude towards CPR indicated that 92% performed average, 8% did poorly, and 92% did well in the subsequent exam.
Pretest knowledge score (7.44±1.97) was greater than post-test (17.16±1.60), t(49)=2.048, p<0.05. Pretest mean attitude score
(22.7±2.58) was greater than post-test (12.46±2.82), t(49)=2.048, p<0.05.
Conclusion: The study's findings have important implications for the nursing profession. Such as in nursing practice, nursing
education, and nursing research.
Key-words: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Educational module, Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma, ATLS method

INTRODUCTION
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving Although some remaining oxygen could still be in the
procedure used in emergencies when a person is bloodstream, efficient CPR ensures correct circulation.
experiencing abnormal breathing or has had a cardiac Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST)
arrest [1]. This entails the simultaneous use of thoracic uses ultrasound to identify hemoperitoneum and
compressions and rescue ventilation (mouth-to-mouth). hemopericardium in trauma patients. Since 2007, it has
The main objective of CPR is to maintain blood flow and been employed as an auxiliary in primary surveys and the
guarantee oxygen supply to the body until expert ATLS method. Ultrasonography is not the gold standard
medical assistance is available. for diagnosing intra-abdominal damage, but its
How to cite this article portability, convenience, and radiation-free repeatability
Dasar D, Javeed B, Shivanand D, Kaveri T, Shridevi S, et al. have made it popular [2-4]. Emergency departments
Enhancing Life-saving Skills: Evaluating the Impact of an commonly do FAST for trauma victims.
Educational Module on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. SSR Inst
Int J Life Sci., 2024; 10(1): 3501-3507. Basic first aid and CPR proficiency are essential since
they can determine whether someone lives or dies.
Although CPR does not ensure life, it substantially
Access this article online
http://iijls.com/
enhances the likelihood of recovery by providing a
crucial period of opportunity. In the absence of this
intervention, the brain and other organs may experience

Copyright © 2015–2024| SSR-IIJLS by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 10 | Issue 01 | Page 3501
 SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732
Dasar et al., 2024
DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.1.8

hypoxia within a matter of minutes [4]. of college students' knowledge and behaviour in
CPR closes the crucial time interval between an Bagalkot, an experiment was designed.
emergency and the arrival of skilled medical help. It
serves as a transient life-sustaining device, providing Research Design- The plans created by the researcher to
crucial time for the person until sophisticated medical find answers to research questions or test research
treatment can be provided. The need for prompt and findings are called research design. The design was a
precise CPR cannot be emphasized enough, as each research study evaluating data on college students'
passing second without enough blood flow decreases the knowledge and attitudes about CPR. The research design
probability of a favourable result [5]. represents the population, sample size, variables, data
CPR is an essential skill that enables anyone to act as first collection tools and methods, and data analysis plans.
responders in emergencies. Proficiency in doing efficient
Variables
chest compressions and rescue breathing is crucial for
Dependent variable- Evaluation of the knowledge of
maintaining life until experienced medical experts arrive.
mothers with children under five years of age regarding
This potent tool offers optimism and a viable opportunity
vitamin A deficiency.
to those with life-endangering circumstances. Hence,
promoting awareness and instruction on CPR is helpful Independent variable- University students' knowledge
and a concrete method of effecting change in an about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
emergency [5-7].
Demographic variables- Sociodemographic variables
MATERIALS AND METHODS include the sociodemographic characteristics of the
Source of Data- The present study collected data from students. Age and gender, type of religion of the family,
college students. education level of the father, education level of the
mother, monthly income of the family, and place of
Data collection tool- The sample of this study consisted
residence, etc.
of 50 undergraduate students studying at Government
First Year College, Bagalkot. Statistical analysis- Data analysis is the organization and
synthesis of research data and the use of collected data
Sample and number of samples- This sample comprises
to test research hypotheses. Data were analyzed using
the research population's classes. The sample size of this
descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
study is Bagalkot Degree College students (n=50).
Population data was analyzed using frequency and
Procedure for data collection- The research was percentage distribution. Use mean and standard
conducted at Science PU College, Bagalkot, between 7 deviation to evaluate college students' scores. The chi-
February 2023 and 14 February 2023. This study consists square test is used to find the relationship between
of undergraduate students from various pre-university college students' knowledge and their choices, which
colleges of Bagalkot University. Fifty students were differ from the population's.
assigned to use or self-administer a survey consisting of
Ethical Approval- An ethical clearance was obtained and
knowledge and attitude questions. The inclusion criteria
enclosed from the ethical committee of B.V.V.S
were selected using a simple randomization technique.
Sajjalashree Institute of Nursing Sciences, Bagalkot.
Data collection tools- A semi-structured survey was used
RESULTS
to collect data in this study.
Socio-demographic variables of students of degree
Research approach- This study is an experimental study college- This study shows that in comparing the total
that aims to obtain information about the knowledge mean percentage of knowledge scores at the pre-test
and attitudes of university students by asking direct and post-test, the mean knowledge of male college girls
questions to a sample group. While this study aimed to increased by 48.8% points after the end of the study
identify the CPR training module's effectiveness in terms module.

Copyright © 2015–2024| SSR-IIJLS by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 10 | Issue 01 | Page 3502
 SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732
Dasar et al., 2024
DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.1.8

The mean post-test score for “knowledge of breast effectiveness of the training model in this area is 9.72,
cardiopulmonary resuscitation” was 17.16±SD 1.60, SD±0.3, accounting for 48.8% of the total score.
accounting for 85.5% of the total score. The estimated Therefore, this shows that the education model
mean knowledge is 7.44, SD±1.97, corresponding to effectively improves university students' knowledge
37.2% of the total score. The knowledge score for the (Table 1).

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of sociodemographic variables

Socio-demographic factor Frequency Percentage (%)

03 6
Age 14 28
30 60
03 6
Gender 16 32
34 68
Type of Family 23 46
27 54
46 92
Religion 4 8
0 0
Education of Father 22 44
28 56
Education of Mother 17 34
23 66
33 66
Family monthly income
10 20
03 6
Family monthly Income
33 66
10 20
03 6
04 8
06 12
Type of Residential Area
44 88
09 18
Received Information about CPR 30 60
07 14
04 8

Table 2 shows the pre-and post-test results measuring 17.16±1.60, 85.5% of the maximum score. The
the degree of students' cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention was successful with a rate of 9.72±0.3
(CPR) knowledge. The knowledge area is evaluated on a (48.8%), which is determined by comparing the scores
scale from 1–20. The average score of the students in the after the test with those before the test. This shows that
Pre-Test was 7.44±1.97, which is 37.2% of the maximum degree students' CPR knowledge significantly improved
score. However, after the test, the average score rose to after the intervention.

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 SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732
Dasar et al., 2024
DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.1.8

Table 2: Assess the knowledge of Degree students about cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Pre-Test (O1) Post-Test (O2) Effectiveness (O2-O1)

Knowledge area Max.
score Mean ±SD Mean (%) Mean ±SD Mean (%) Mean ±SD Mean (%)
Knowledge
20 7.44 ±1.97 37.2 17.16±1.60 85.50 9.72±0.30 48.80
related to CPR

Educational module on an attitude of cardiopulmonary total score. The effectiveness of the educational module
resuscitation- The overall findings show that the post- in this area was the mean attitude score was 0.88 with
test Attitude score (12.46±2.82), which was 41.53% of SD±0.24, which was 2.93% of the total score. Hence, it
the total score, was more when compared to the pre- indicates that the educational module effectively
test attitude score (22.7±2.58), which was 38.6% of the enhanced college students' knowledge (Table 3).

Table 3: Effectiveness of educational module on attitude of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Pre-Test (O1) Post-Test (O2) Effectiveness (O2- O1)

Area Max.
Mean ±SD Mean (%) Mean±SD Mean (%) Mean ±SD Mean (%)
score
Attitude 30 22.7±2.58 38.6 12.46±2.82 41.53 0.88±0.24 2.93

Table 4 shows how socio-demographic characteristics statistically significant relationships. No significant

affect students' knowledge. The chi-square test assessed correlation was found between knowledge and whether
associations. Age (p=0.99), gender (p=0.79), type of students got CPR education (p=0.462) or its source
family (p=0.68), religion (p=0.307), parents' education (p=0.170). This suggests that socio-demographic
(p=0.88 for father, p=0.862 for mother), monthly family characteristics did not substantially affect students' CPR
income (p=0.66), and residential region (p=0.67) had no knowledge.

Table 4: Association between students' knowledge with their selected socio-demographic variables

Socio demographic variables DF Chi-square value p-value

Age 3 0.28 0.99*

Gender 1 0.07 0.79*

Type of family 1 0.17 0.68*

Religion 1 1.09 0.30*

Education of Father 1 0.02 0.88*

Education of mother 1 0.03 0.86*

Monthly family income 2 0.83 0.66*

Type of residential area 1 0.18 0.67*

Have you received any information about CPR 1 0.54 0.46*

If yes, the Source of information 2 3.54 0.17*

*All the values are statistically non-significant.

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 SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732
Dasar et al., 2024
DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.1.8

DISCUSSION heart–brain–lung connections have led to new

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the CPR resuscitation procedures and technology that enhance
training module in terms of the knowledge and attitude cardiac arrest outcomes. This article emphasizes CPR
of college students of the selected school in Bagalkot [7-9]. quality, current intrathoracic pressure regulation
The results of this study were followed and supported by methods to promote cerebral and systemic perfusion,
a study by Gurung et al. [10]. Nurse education affects the and continuing research to reduce reperfusion damage
performance and benefits of CPR, so physicians need to during CPR. Cardiac arrest is the major cause of
be trained in CPR knowledge. Improve education. The prehospital and in-hospital deaths [1]. For decades,
survey consists of three sections covering cardiology scientists and medics have focused on cardiac arrest
knowledge: The first section is a general question to resuscitation [16]. Most patients are never revived [13-15].
understand the importance of cardiology in clinical According to published data, survival rates following
practice; the second part contains the main purpose and cardiac arrest are low, with out-of-hospital nontraumatic
real effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The cardiac arrest rates ranging from 1% to <20% and in-
previous study found that the panel data regression hospital rates <40%. Total 10%–50% have neurological
analysis reveals that the corrected R-squared value dysfunction [17]. The physiologic concepts of CPR are
indicates a coefficient of determination of 19.32%. The poorly understood and contentious [18]. Some say that
coefficient of determination achieved with the random present cardiac arrest techniques are terminally faulty,
effect model is deemed satisfactory. resulting in a survival rate of 7% for out-of-hospital and
Furthermore, the test results indicated a satisfactory <30% for in-hospital cardiac arrest nationally over 50
Durbin-Watson statistic score of 1.90. The panel data years [17]. Primary or ischemia-induced arrhythmia,
regression analysis using the random effect model pulmonary emboli, haemorrhage, trauma, and
reveals the distinct impact of the cross-sectional medication/drug overdose are the top causes of cardiac
(province) data on the constants of the research model. arrest and need urgent cardio cerebral circulation [18].
The Likelihood Ratio Test determines whether the model Blood flow and aortic pressure are essential to
was examined using the fixed effect or pooled least resuscitation. Reduce cardiac arrest morbidity and
squares approach. The F-stat test technique, which mortality by understanding the complicated physiology
involves a hypothesis, is used to conduct this test [11]. of cardiocerebral perfusion during CPR. Vital organ flow
Descriptive statistics and multiple response analyses improvement is necessary but frequently inadequate to
were performed using IBM SPSS version 20. Findings save lives following cardiac arrest.
indicate that students understand the importance of CPR The study was conducted by Demirtas et al. [5]; the data
in healthcare and that their knowledge is intertwined was obtained using the "CPR Information Survey" and
with their teaching and performance. The F-test the good paper data was obtained using the "Meeting
determines whether the independent factors, Session Paper". It was written in four group meetings
individually or collectively, significantly impact the with six participants each. The results of this study are
dependent variable [12-14]. To do this test, one might that the students' estimated mean CPR knowledge score
compare the probability value with a 5% or 1% before simulation-based CPR training was 5.66±1.97 out
significance level. If the probability shown is more than of 10.0. Posttest CPR knowledge score (8.38±1.30)
5%, the model is rejected; if it is less than 5%, it is increased significantly (p<0.001) after stimulation.
approved. The test findings obtained from the Fixed Additionally, the mean of posttest CPR scores was higher
Effect Model indicate an F-statistic value of 20.04 and a than the pretest CPR proficiency scores (p<0.001). The
probability value (F-statistic) of 0.00. Based on the study concluded that simulation-based CPR training
analysis of probability values (F-statistics) below the improved students' knowledge and skill levels.
threshold of α=0.05, it may be inferred that all Additionally, satisfaction and self-confidence were higher
independent variables collectively substantially impact after the simulation training [19]. To represent the
the dependent variable. More than 50 years after closed coefficient of determination, we use the symbol R2. The
chest CPR was introduced, cardiac arrest outcomes are coefficient in question serves as an indicator of the
still low [15]. Over the last 20 years, better knowledge of validity of the computed regression model. In simpler

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 SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732
Dasar et al., 2024
DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.1.8

terms, the value quantifies the proximity of the Writing article- All researchers
calculated regression line to the real data. Nevertheless, Critical review-Ms Deepika Dasar
several studies advocate for using the Adjusted R2 value Article editing-Ms Deepika Dasar
due to its ability to accurately reflect changes in the Final approval- Prof Jayashree G Itti
model when an independent variable is included, unlike
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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We thank the anonymous referees for their constructive
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comments. There are thousands of words in my heart to
cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review
express the gratitude for your continued support.
and meta-analysis. Crit care, 2020; 24(2): 1-3.
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 SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ISSN (O): 2581-8740 | ISSN (P): 2581-8732
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DOI: 10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2024.10.1.8

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