Ebook PDF Van de Graaffs Photographic Atlas For The Biology Laboratory 8th Edition PDF
Ebook PDF Van de Graaffs Photographic Atlas For The Biology Laboratory 8th Edition PDF
LABORATORY
Basic Characteristics of Domains Common Classification System of
Domain Domain Domain Some Groups of Living Eukaryotes
Charac teristics Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Unikonta
A111oebozoa
Nuclear envelope No No Yes Phylum A111ocbozoa
encloses genetic Phylum Myxomycota
material (DNA) Opisthokonta
Kingdon, Fungi
Circular chromosomes Yes (usually) Yes No Phylum C hytridiomycota
Phylum Zygomycota
Membrane-enclosed No No Yes Phylum Glomcromycota
organelles Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
Rotary flagella Yes Yes No (cilia an d Kingdon, Anin,alia
flagella are Phylum Porifera
undulatory) Phylum C tcnophora
Multicellular No (although some Yes (but Phylum C nidaria
No
.. species" * Protostontia
cyanobacteria could there are also
Lophotrochozoa
be exceptions) unicellular Phylum Rotifcra
eukaryotes) Phylum Platyhelminthes
Cell walls (if present) No Phylum Gastrotricha
Yes No
Phylum Brachiopoda
composed of Phylum Phoronida
peptidoglycan Phylum Nemcrtca
Plasma membrane Yes No (ether Yes Phylum Entoprocta
lipids made of linkages) Phylum Bryozoa
Phylum Annelida
unbranched fatty
Phylum Mollusca
acids bonded to Ecdysozoa
glycerol by este r Phylum Kinorhyncha
bonds Phylum Nematoda
Phylum Nematomorpha
RNA polymerase of No (5 subunits) Yes ( 13) Yes (14+) Phylum Arthropoda
more than 10 subunits Phylum Tardigrada
Number d istinct types 1 1 (closely 3 (Pol I, II, Deuterostontia
of RNA polymerase related to and Ill) Phylum Hemichordata
Phylum Echinodermata
Pot 11) Phylum C hordata
Initiation of translation N-formylmethionine Methionine Methionine Bikonta
(fMet) Excavata
Phylum Euglenozoa
'* Due primarily to thetr prochv1ty for horizontal gene transfer. Bacteria and Eukarya don't Phylum Mctamonada
have speoes m the same sense that most Eukarya do (independently evolving evolutionary Kingdon, Plantae
hneages with unique ongms and fates). Phylum R hodophyta
Green Algae
Phylum C hlorophyta
Phylogenetic Relationships among Land Plants
Phylum Hcpatophyta
the Major Groups of Eukaryotes Phylum Bryophyta
Phylum Anthocerophyta
Bacteria Vascular Plants
Phylum Lycophyta
Phylum Psilotophyta
Archaea Phylum Ptcridophyta
Phylum Equisctophyta
Seed Plants
Amoebozoa Gyn1nospern1s
i-
Phylum Ginkgophyta
Phylum Cycadophyta
- Opistokonta
- Excavata
Phylum
Phylum
Angiospern1s
Pinophyta
Gnctophyta
Phylum Magnoliophyta
(= Anthophyta)
Plantae Rhizaria
Phylum Foramin ifcra
Phylum Cercozoa
.. Rhizaria
Alveolata
Alveolata
Stratnenopila
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Hctcmkontophyta
Phylum Oomycota
Stramenopila Phylum Phacophyta
..
vu
Acknowledgments
Many professional~ have as.~isted in the preparation of Ui11 De Gra~O's Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory, Eighth Edition, and have
shared our enthusiasn1 about its value for students of biology. We are especially appreciative of DanjeJ Huber fro,n Universit)' ofTan1pa,
Judy Nesntith fron1 University of Michigan-Dearborn, Teresa A. Porter from Salem College, Chrissy Sin1n1ons from Southern IUinois
Universit)' Edwardsville, Heidi R ichter from Unjversit)' of the Fraser Valley, Heather Br ient-Johnson from Inver Hill~ Con1n1uruty CoJJege,
Pam Dobbins fro,n Shelton State Community College, and Matthew McClure from La1nar State CoJJege for their detailed review of this
atlas. Ors. Ronald A. Meyers.John F. Mull, and San1uel I. Zeveloff of the Department of Zoology at Weber State University and Dr. Sa,nuel
R . Rushforth and Dr. R obert R . Robbins at U tah Valley Uruversiry were especially helpful and supportive of this project.The radiographs,
CT scans, and MR images have been n1ade pos.~ible through the generosity of Gar)' M .Watts, M.D., and the Department of Radiology at
Utah Valley R egional Medical Center.
We thank Jake Christiansen.James Barrett, and Austen Slade for their specin1en dissections. Others who aided in speci,nen dissections
were Nathan A.Jacobson, D.O., R. Richard Rasmussen, M.D., and Sandra E . Sephton, Ph.D. We are indebted to Douglas Morton and
the personnel at Morton Publislung Co1npany for the opporturury, encouragement, and support to prepare this atlas.
Photo Credits
Many of the photographs of living plants and aru,nals were nude possible because of the cooperation and generosity of the San Diego Zoo,
San Diego Wild Anintal Park, Sea World (San Diego, CA), Hogle Zoo (Salt Lake C ity, UT), and Aquatica (Orem, UT) . We are especially
appreciative to the profes.~ional biologists at these fine institutions.
We are appreciative of Dr.W ilford M. Hess and Dr.William B. Winborn for their help in obtaining photographs and photonticrographs.
T he electron nticrograplL~ are courteS)' of Scott C . MiJJer and James VAllen .
Figures 1.13, 4.22, 4.24, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, and 4.35 from A Photographic Atlas for the Microbiology Laboratory, 3rd Edition, by Michael
J. Leboffe and Burton E. Pierce. © 200 l Morton Publislting.
Figure 1.2 Leica Microsystems
Figures 5.138, 5.139, 5.161, and 5.292 Chan1pion Paper Co.
Figure 6.2 Forrest M;chael Brem
Figure 6.3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Figures 7.12 and 7.101 NOAA (National Ocearuc and Atmospheric Admirustration)
Figure 7.199 Ari Paru
Figure 7.201 NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 20 10
Figure 7.222 (f) Linda Snook, NOAA
Figure 7.247 (a) Louis Porras
Figures 7.214 , 7.217, 7.219, 7.220, 7.221, 8.4, 8 .11, and 8.12 fro,n Comparative Anatomy: 1Wa11ual <if Vertebrate Dissection, 2 nd Edition, by
Dale W Fishbeck and Aurora Sebastian; . © 2008 Morton Publishing.
Figures 8 .110, 8.111, 8.112, 8 .113, 8.11 4, 8.115, 8 .116, 8.117, 8.118, 8.119, and 8.120 from Ma111111alia11 Anatomy: 11,e Cat, 2nd Edition,
b)' Aurora Sebastiani and Dale W Fishbeck. © 2005 Morton Publi~hing.
Book Team
President and CEO: David M. Ferguson
Senior Acqu isitions Editor: Marta R . Pentecost
T)•pography and Text Design:John L. Crawle)'
Developmental Editor: Sarah D.T ho,nas
Editorial Project Managers: Rayna S. Baile)' and Trina Lambert
IUustrations: hnagineering Media Services, Inc.
Cover Design : W ill Kelley
VU J
Contents
a CHAPTER 1 Cells and Tissues 1
Plant Cells and Tissues 3
Animal Cells and Tissues 7
27
CHAPTER 5 Plantae 67
Phylum Marchantiophyta (= Hepatophyta) - liverworts 69
Phylum Anthocerophyta - hornworts 73
Phylum Bryophyta - mosses 74
Phylum Lycophyta (= Lycopodiophyta) - club mosses, quillworts, and spike mosses 78
Phylum Pteridophyta, subphylum Psilophyta (= Psilopsida) - whisk ferns 82
Phylum Pteridophyta, subphylum Equisetophyta - horsetails 85
Phylum Pteridophyta, subphylum Polypodiophyta - ferns 88
Phylum Cycadophyta - cycads 92
Phylum Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo 97
Phylum Pinophyta (= Coniferophyta) - conifers 99
Phylum Magnoliophyta (= Anthophyta) - angiosperms: monocots and dicots 106
lX
• CHAPTER 7 Animalia
• Glossary 297
• Index 305
x
All organisn1s are con1posed of one or n1ore cells. Cells are the 5. cellular n1arkers (antigens), w luch identify the
basic structural and functional units of organjsn1s. A cell is a blood and tissue type.
nunute, n1en1brane- enclosed, protoplasnuc n1ass consisting of The carbohydrate molecules:
chro1noson1es surrounded by cytoplas,n . Specific organelles are 1. repel negative obj ects d ue to their negative charge;
contained in the cytoplasn1 that function independently but in 2. act as receptors for horn1ones and o ther regulatory
coordination w ith one another. Prokaryotic cells (Fig. 1.1) and n1olecules;
eukaryotic cells (Figs. 1.3 and 1.18) are the t\VO basic types. 3. forn1 specific cell n1arke.rs that enable like cells to
Prokaryotic cells lack a ,nembrane-bo und nucleus, instead attach and aggregate into tissues; and
containing a single strand of 11ucleic acid.These cells contain few 4. en ter into inunune reactions.
organelles. A rigid or senurigid cell ,vall provides shape to the Tiss11es are groups of sinular cells that perforin specific
cell outside the cell (plasma) 111e111bm11e. Bacteria are exan1ples of functions (see Fig. 1.9). A flo,vering plant, for example,
prokaryotic, single- celled organisms. is con1posed of three tissue systen1s:
E11karyofic cells contain a tru e uucleus w ith n1ultiple 1. the ground tissue system, providing support,
chron1oson1es, have several types of specialized organelles, and regeneration, respiration, photosynthesis, and
have a differentially pern1eable cell n1en1brane. Organisn1s storage;
consisting of eukaryotic cells include protozoa, fungi, algae, 2. the 11ascular tissue system, providing conduction
plan t~, and invertebrate and vertebrate ani,nals. pa.ssage,vays throug h me plant; and
Plant cells differ in son1e ways from other eukaryotic 3. the dennal tissue system, providing protection to the
cells in that their cell ,valls contain cellulose for stiffuess (Fig. plant.
1.3). Plant cells also contain vacuoles for ,vater storage and
The tissues of the body of a n1ulticellular anin1al are
men1 brane-bound chloroplasts ,vith pho tosyntl1etic pign1ents for cla.s.sified into four principal types (see Fig. 1.36):
pho tosynthesis. 1. epithelial tissue covers body and organ surfaces, lines
The 11ude11s is the large, sphe.r oid body ,vi thin the eukaryotic body cavities and lununa (hollo,v portions of body
cell that contains the genetic material of the cell.The nucleus is tubes), and forn1s various glands;
enclosed by a double n1en1brane called the 1111dear membra11e, or 2. co1111ective tiss11e binds, supports, and protects body
nuclear eiwelope. The 1111cleolus is a dense, nonn1e1nbranous body parts;
con1posed of protein and RNA molecules. T he chromatin are 3. 11111scle tissue contracts to prod uce n1ove.n1ents; and
fibe.rs of protein and DNA n1olecules mat n1ake up a eukaryotic 4. nervous tissue initiates and transnuts nerve i,npulses.
chron1oson1e. Prior to cellular division, tl1e chron1atin shortens
and coils into rod-shaped c/,romoso111es. Chron1oson1es consist of
DNA and structural proteins called l,istones.
The cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell is the 1nediun1 bet\veen
the nuclear n1e.n1brane and the cell n1e1nbrane. Organelles are . -t
sn1all n1en1brane-bound structures ,vitlun me cyroplasn1. T he
cellular functions carried out by organelles are referred to :.:....-+;:...- N uckoid
as metabolism. T he structure and function of the nucleus and '' - - -- Ribosomes
pr incipal organelles are listed in Table 1. L In order for cells - - " - Cytoplasm
to ren1ain alive, n1etabolize, and ,naintain hon1eosta.sis, they
must have access to nutrie.n ts and respiratory gases, be able to
elinu nate ,vastes, and be in a constant, protective environinent.
The cell 111e111bra11e is co,nposed of phospholipid, protein, and Plas1na
carbohydrate n1olecules.The cell n1e1nbrane gives forn1 to a cell
and controls me pas.sage of n1aterial into and out of a cell. More
specifically, the proteins in the cell 1ne111brane provide:
Cell wall
1. structural support;
2. a n1echanisn1 of molecule transport across the mcinbranc
n1e1nbrane;
3. enzy,natic control of chenucal reactions;
4. receptors for horino nes and other regulatory Figure 1.1 A generalized prokaryotic cell.
n1olecules; and
1
a A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
Table 1.1 Structure and Function of Eukar otic Cellular Com onents
Component Structure Function
Cell (plasma) membrane Composed of protein and phospholipid Provides form to cell; controls passage
molecules of materials into and out of cell
Cell wall Cellulose fibrils Provides structure and rigidity to plant cell
Cytoplasm Fluid to jellylike substance Serves as suspending medium for
organelles and dissolved molecules
Endoplasmic reticulum Interconnecting membrane-lined Enables cell transport and processing of
channels metabolic chemicals
Ribosome Granules of nucleic acid (RNA) and protein Synthesizes protein
Mitochondrion Double-membraned sac w ith cristae (chambers) Assembles ATP (cellular respiration)
Golgi complex Flattened membrane-lined chambers Synthesizes carbohydrates and packages
molecules for secretion
Lysosome Membrane-surrounded sac of enzymes Digests foreign molecules and worn cells
Centrosome Mass of protein that may contain rodlike Organizes spindle fibers and assists
centrioles mitosis and meiosis
Vacuole Membranous sac Stores and excretes substances w ithin the
cytoplasm; regulates cellular turgor
pressure
Microfibril and Protein strands and tubes Forms cytoskeleton, supports cytoplasm,
microtubule and transports materials
Cilium and flagellum Cytoplasmic extensions from cell; containing Movements of particles along cell
micro tubules surface, or cell movement
Nuc leus N uclear envelope (membrane), nucleolus, and Contains genetic code that dir ects cell
chromatin (DNA) activity; forms ribosomes
Chloroplast Inner (grana) membrane within outer membrane ll'M)lved in photosynthesis
2
2
Fig ure 1.2 (a) A
3
•
.)
coinpound 111onocular
4 4 microscope, and (b) a
cOJn pound binocular
m1croscopc.
:, 5 1. Eyepiece (ocular)
2. Head
6 3. Arm
7 6 4. N osepiece
8 5. Objective
7
6. Stage clip
9 8
7. Coarse focus
9 adjusnnent knob
10
10 8. Stage
11
9. Condenser
11 10. Fine foc us
12
12 adjust111ent knob
13 7 11 . Collector lens with iris
!,;!,
'13 12. llh uninator (inside)
(a ) 13. Base
(b)
2
Cells and Tissues
D
c Plant Cells and Tissues )
Figure 1.3 A typical eukaryotic
plant cell.
l. Cell wall
2. Cell (plasma) membrane
3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
4. N ucleus
5. N ucleolus
6. Nuclear membrane (envelope)
10 7. Lysosome
8. Smooth endoplasmic re ticu)mn
9. Mitochondrion
10. Vacuole
11. Golgi com plex
12. Chloroplast
7- ---'rt'.
8 - -~,;..=.=---____,.,~,:
I1
9 ----1::~~rr,
12
O rg an (leaf)
comprised of
tissues
C ell
Leaf tissues
comprised of cells
3
a A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
3
1
:,
2 8
4
(a) 430X
Figure 1.5 Live Elodea sp. leaf cells (a) photographed at the center of the leaf and (b) at the edge of the leaf.
1. Cell wall 3. Nucleus 5. Spin~ shaped cell on 6. Nucleus 8. Cd! wall
2. C hloroplasts 4. Vacuole exposed edge of leaf 7. C hloroplasts
Figure 1.6 (a) Cells of a potato, $ola1111m tuberosrm,, showing starch grains at a low magnification, and (b) at a high magnification . Food
is stored as starch in potato cells, which is deposited in organelles called amyloplasts.
1. Cell wall 2. Cytoplasm 3. Starch grains 4. N ucleus
1
4
., ~:
't., .•
~
\> I •
I: ~i
5 2
6
'
7
8
2
3
Figure 1.7 An electron micrograph of a portion of a Figure 1.8 A fractured barley smut spore.
sugarcane leaf cell. 1. Cell wall 2. Cell membrane
1. Mitochondrion 6. Stroma
2. Cell membrane 7. T hylakoid membrane
3. Cell wall 8. C hloroplast envelope
4. Nucleus (outer membrane)
5 . Grana
4
Cells and Tissues
D
Tenninal bud The apical mcristc111
Apical -----r..~ of the shoot produces
111CTIStCJ11 linear growth and
. .
o f shoot gives n sc to new
foliage, branches, and
flowers.
Leaf:
Veins
M argin
Axillary - - - ; Xylem
bud Lainina MesophyU
(blade) Phloem
S ten1: M idrib
11-- Cortcx
- - Pith
1
11--Xylem Epidermis
Petiole
11-- Phloem
Root:
~ - - - Priinary root
r"""'"'"":- Secondary root Roots
S ten,
Epidermis
!'/;,.---'' r- Xylem
2'.;lii!i<"-~L-....- Phloem
!-'--R oot cap
~ - Cortex
~ ,!,. R oot hairs
Roo t apex (or apical meristcm of root)
Root
Figure 1.9 A diagram illustrating the anatomy and the principal organs and tissues of a typical dicot.
1
1
2
3
Figure 1.10 A longitudinal section thro ugh the :\')'km Figure 1.11 Longimdinal section through the :\')'k m of a
of a pine, Pilms, showing tracheid cells w ith prominent squash stc 111, CumrbUa maxima. T he vcssd clc111ents shown here
bordered pits. have several ditfcrent patter ns of wall thickenings.
1. Bordered pits 3. Cell wall 1. Parench)'lna 3. Helical vessel clements
2. Tracheid cell 2. Annular vessel clements 4. Pitted vessel clements
5
a A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
2
2
1
3
430X
Figure 1.12 A section through a leaf of the vcnus Oytrap, Figure 1.13 An astrosclcrcid in the petiole of a pond lily, N11plwr.
Diorwea r,msdpula, showing cpidenna) cells with a digestive gland. 1. Astrosclereid 3. Crystals in cell wall
The gland is composed of secretory parenchytna cells. 2. Parenchytna cell
1. Epidermis 2. Gland
Figure 1.14 A transverse section through the leaf of a Figure 1.15 A section through the endosper m tissue of a
yucca, Yr,ua brevifolia, showing a vascular bundle (vein). persimmon, Diospyros virginiarw. Thes.c thick- walled cells arc
Note the prominent sclcrenchynu tissue forming caps actually parcnchyma cells. Cytoplas111ic connections, o r
on both sides of the bundle. plasmodcsmata, arc evident between cclJs.
l . Leaf parcnchy111a 3. Xylem 1. Plasmodcsmata 2. Cell lumen (interior space)
2. Leaf sckrcnchyma 4. Phloem
(bundle cap) 5. Bundle cap
Figure 1.16 A transverse section through the stem of flax, Figure 1.17 A section through the stem of a wax plant, Hoya
U1111111. Note the thick- walled 6bers as compared to the camosa. Thick- walled sdcrcid~ {stone cells) arc evident.
thin- walled parenchyma cells. 1. Parcnchyma cell 2. Sclereid (stone cell)
1. Fibers 2. Parenchyma cell containing starch g rains
6
Cells and Tissues
D
c Animal Cells and Tissues )
Cytoskdeton:
Secretory Nucleus:
vesicle~ ,-,,,;,,= - -- -- C hromatin
Microtubulc &'-';-:.-:::-- - - Nuclear
Ccntroson1c:
Pcriccntriolar
111atcrial
Ccntriolcs
Plasma~ Rough
mcn1branc endoplasmic
reticulum
Lysosmnc
Ribosmnc
Smooth
cndoplas1nic Golgi complex
reticulum
Pcroxisomc
Mitochondrion
Figure 1.18 A sectional view
Microtubulc of a typical animal cell.
1
1
1
2000X
Figure 1.24 An electron micrograph of cilia (tr.mswrse
section) showing the char.,crcristic "9 + 2" arrangement of
microrubu1es in the traJ1svcrsc sections.
1. Microtubules
2000X
Figure 1.23 An electron micrograph of a mitochondrion. 2000X
1. O uter mcinbranc 3. Crista Figure 1.25 An electron micrograph showing the
2 . IUner meinbranc difference between a microvillus and a cilium.
1. C ilium 2. M icmvillus
8
Cells and Tissues
D
1
Figure 1.26 An electron nucrograph Figure 1.27 An electron Figure 1.28 An electron n ticrograph
of smooth endoplas,nic reticulu,n &on, nucrograph of rough endoplasntic of rough endoplasntic reticulum secreting
the testis. reticulum . collagenotL~ filarnen~ to the outside of the cell.
1. Riboso111es 1. N u cleus 3. Collagenous
2 . Cisternae 2 . R ough filan1ents
endoplasnuc 4. Cell men1brane
retic ulunt
Figure 1.29 An epithelial cell from a check Figure 1.30 An electron nucrograph of a human erythrocyte
scrapmg. (red blood cell).
1. N ucleus
2. Cytoplas111
3. Cell membrane
9
a A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
( 1)
2
--
(2) JJl90X
Figure 1.31 Types of leukocytes. N ote that each photo
contains several erythrocytes; these cell~ lack nuclei.
Figure 1.32 An electron micrograph of a capillary containing
an erythrocyte.
1. Neutrophil 4. Lym phocyte 1. Lumen of capillary 3. Endothelial cell
2. Basophil 5. Monocyte 2. Nucleus of endothelial cell 4. Erythrocyte
3. Eosinophil
3
1
A l
2
4
2
•
.)
• 4
3
400
Figure 1.34 An electron micrograph of an ostcocytc Figure 1.35 A neuron smear.
(bone cell) in cortical bone n1atrix. 1. Nuclei of sur rounding neuroglial cells
'I . Bone matrix 3 . Lacuna 2. Nucleus of neuron
2. Canaliculi 4. Osteocyte 3. Nucleolus of neuron
4 . Dendrites of neuron
10
Cells and Tissues
D
Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue
Epithelial tis.~ue covers the outside of Connective tis.~ue fu nctions as a binding
the body and Jines all organs. Its printar y and supportive tissue for all other tissues
function is to provide protection. in the organism.
.Y Cell
- - - - 111cmbranc
Basement
/ r-- - - - 111cmbranc
Simple cuboidal epithelium (Jantina)
-I Fat droplet
;:;-----__ Cytoplasm
1
Adipose tissue
O stcocytc
!-- Matrix
Schwann ccU
(ncurolc1nmocytc)
+ - - Striation
- - Nuc1cus
\
Axon
Skeletal muscle
Tcnninal
button
Neuron
Cardiac muscle
Nucleus
Smooth muscle
11
a A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
1
1
-
- - -
-
-
Figure 1.37 Simple squamous epithelium.
1. Single layer of flattened cells with elliptical nuclei
300
300X
Figure 1.39 Simple colmnnar epithelium. Figure 1.40 Stratified squamous epithelium.
l . Single layer of cells with oval nuclei 1. Mttlriplc lay,:rs of cells that arc flattened at the upper layer
2
3
~•
- _......_ -
Figure 1.41 Stratified columnar epithelium. Figure 1.42 Pscudostrati6cd columnar epithelium.
1. Cells are balloon-like at surface 1. Cilia
2. Goblet cell
3. Pscudostratificd columnar epithelium
4 . Base111ent mc111brane
12
Cells and Tissues
D
Figure 1.43 Adipose connective tissue. Figure 1.44 Loose com1ectivc tissue stained for fibers.
1. Adipocytcs (adipose cdls) 1. Elastic fibers (black)
2. Collagen fibers (pink)
-- --
-
- 1
.
~.. . .
........,'11>,.~.
.
' '11.;~···
'
- - ..
-- -
- 2
Figure 1.45 Dense regular connective tissue. Figure 1.46 Dense irregular connective tissue.
1. N uclei of fibroblasts arranged in parallel rows between 1. Epider mis
pink- stained collagen fibers 2. Dense irregular connective tissue (rcticttlar layer of dermis)
Figure 1.47 An electron micrograph of dense irregttlar Figure 1.48 Reticular connective tissue.
connecnvc ttssuc. 1. Reticular fibers
1. Collagcnous fibers
13
a A Photographic Atlas for the Biology Laboratory
2
1
2
'~ ;,,; •
.. ..,.... ~
, ......
.,..' .
•
•
•,
Figure 1.53 An electron micrograph of bone tissue. Figure 1.54 An electron micrograph o f bone tissue fo rmation.
1. Interstitial laine llae 4 . Lacunae 1. Bone min eral (calcium salts stain black)
2. Lainellae 5. Ostcon (Haversian 2. Collagenous filament (distinct banding pattern)
3. Central canal system) 3. Collagen-secreting ostcoblasts
(H avcrsian canal)
14
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Venido el dia de la partida, todas
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nombrado.
La señora duquesa salio como
suele vestida de negro. La señora
Belisena su hija sacó vna saya de
raso blanco con muchas faxas de
brocado encarnado sentadas
sobre pestañas de carmesi, con
vn papahigo de raso carmesi e la
gorra de lo mesmo con muchos
cabos e pieças de oro de martillo,
con cintas e pestañas blancas y
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vna guarnicion de terciopelo
carmesi con franjas e muchos
floques negros e blancos
encarnados, con vna letra que
dezia.
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lo blanco da mas congoxa.
La guarnicion os condena
y la ropa da la pena.
El contentamiento haze
que vaya d'una manera
l'oncubierto e lo de fuera.
No puede causar en mi
menos mal la forradura
que muestra la vestidura.
Es mi fe la que no afloxa
la pena de mi congoxa.
Amar y llorar.
Mi recelo
es que en mi mal no hay
consuelo.
Mi pensamiento ha subido
lo morado
do desespera forçado.