Practice Questions Unit 1,2 and 3

Unit 1
1. The compensated inverting amplifier for input offset current shown in Figure-1. Determine the
value of resistor R4 in the feedback network of an amplifier to provide the voltage gain of -120.
Figure - 1
2. For the ideal op-amp circuit shown in Figure-2, determine the value of VO and IO.
Figure – 2
3. For the circuit shown in Figure-3 determine the value of the resistor Rf
Figure – 3
Stage:1 Non-Inverting amplifier with the gain factor of 6
Assume output voltage of first stage amplifier in Vo1
Vo1= 1 + (Rf/R1) V1 = 1 + (50k/10k) (30m) = 180 mV
Stage:2 Inverting amplifier with the gain factor – (Rf/10k)
Assume output voltage of first stage amplifier in Vo2
Vo2= - (Rf/10k) Vo1 = -(Rf/10k) (180m)
Stage:3 Inverting amplifier with the gain factor of 5
Assume output voltage of first stage amplifier in Vo
Vo= - (Rf/R1) Vo2
4.5 = (50k/10k) (Rf/10k) (180m)
4.5/0.9 = (Rf/10k)
5 x 10k = Rf
Rf = 50kΩ
4. Find the output voltage of the following circuit shown in Figure (A) by assuming ideal operational
amplifier behaviour.
Figure (A)
5. Design a input offset voltage compensating network for the IC741 operational amplifier. The
operational amplifier uses ± 12V supply voltages. Assume the value of input offset voltage
specified on the datasheet of the IC741 operational amplifier is 6 mV maximum.
Soln:
VooT = (Rc x Vsat)/Rb
Rb = (Rc x Vsat)/ VooT
Assume Rc = 10Ω, then the value of
Rb = 2000 x 10 = 20 kΩ
Since Rb > Rmax, let us choose Rb = 10 Rmax where Rmax = Ra/4
Rb = 10 x (Ra/4)
Ra = Rb/2.5 = 20 kΩ/2.5 = 8 kΩ
6. Explain the function of the circuit shown in Figure 1 and derive the output expression. Also, find
the value of (i) input resistance (ii) voltage gain (iii) output voltage, where R1=R3=560Ω,
Rf=R2=5.6kΩ, V1=2V (peak to peak), V2=1V (peak to peak), Ri=2M Ω and open loop gain
AOL=200000.
Unit 2
1. Design a Differentiator using Op-amp to differentiate an input signal with fmax=200 Hz. And also
draw the output waveforms for a sine wave and square wave input of 1V peak at 200Hz.
2. Design an op amp circuit to give an output voltage Vo=3V1-2V2+5V3, Where V1, V2, and V3 are DC
input signals.
3. Prove that the Voltage gain offered by instrumentation amplifier is always greater than the
voltage gain offered by normal differential amplifier with a suitable derivation.
Difference amplifier as a instrumentation amplifier using one op-amp:

❑ The basic difference amplifier using op-amp amplifies the differential input and hence can be
considered as the instrumentation amplifier
❑ The voltage gain of the such difference amplifier is,
Instrumentation amplifier using three op-amp:

❑ The commonly used instrumentation amplifier circuit is one using three op-amps
❑ This circuit provides high input resistance for accurate measurement of signals from transducers
❑ A non-inverting amplifier is added to each of the basic difference amplifier inputs
As we compare voltage gain equation of instrumentation amplifier using differential amplifier
and three op amp, the voltage gain offered by instrumentation amplifier will be atleast thrice the
times of voltage gain offered by differential amplifier if we assume R1=R2=RG=Rf.
4. Analyze an instrumentation amplifier circuit shown in Figure (B) whose output voltage is 3V,
predict the value of the RG.
Figure (B)
5. Design a practical differentiator using operational amplifier to differentiate an input signal that
varies in frequency from 100 Hz to 1kHz.
6. The IC741 is configured as a non-inverting amplifier as shown in figure (C) and following data are
given for the circuit: A=400000, R1=470Ω, RF=4.7kΩ, Ri=33MΩ, Ro=60Ω, ±Vcc=±15V, ±Vsat=±13V,
Unity Gain Bandwidth (UGB) = 0.6 MHz. Compute the closed loop parameters AF, RiF, RoF, fF and
VooT.
Figure (C)
Soln:
AF=A/(1+Aβ)
β=R1/(R1+RF) = 40/(4700+470) = 0.09
1+Aβ = 36364.6
AF = 400000/36364.6 = 10.99 ≈ 11
R1F = Ri(1+Aβ) = 33x106 x 36364.6 = 1.2 x 1012 Ω
RoF = Ro/(1+Aβ) = 60 / 336364.6 = 0.0016 mΩ = 1.6 mΩ
fF = fo (1+Aβ) = UGB x (1+Aβ) / A = 0.6 x 106 x 36364.6 / 400000 = 54.55 kHz
VooT = ±Vsat / (1+Aβ) = ±13 / 36364.6 = 0.3 mV

7. Draw the necessary circuit diagram to implement the expression using log and anti-log amplifiers:
Y = 2ABC, where Y is the output and A,B,C are the inputs.
8. Design the precision full-wave rectifier circuit to produce a 2 V peak output from a sine wave input
with a 0.5 V peak value and 1 MHz frequency. Use bipolar operational amplifier with a supply
voltage of ±15 V.
Soln:
For positive Half-cycle:
Under the positive half cycle condition input voltage of 0.5 is amplifier by 4 times at second stage of the
above circuit. So the output will be,
Vo = - (R/R) (0.5) . (-4R/R) = 4. (0.5) = 2 V
For negative half-cycle

Vo = (1+ (4R/2R)) (-4/3) Vi = -4Vi = -4 . (0.5) = - 2V
9. Consider the schmitt trigger circuit shown in Figure (D). A triangular wave which goes from –12
volts to +12 volt is applied to the inverting input of operational amplifier. Assume that the output
of the operational amplifier swings from +15 volts to –15 volt. Find the voltage value that switches
between two voltage states at the non-inverting input.
Figure (D)
10. Using IC741 Op-amp, design a free-running oscillator to generate the waveform shown in Figure
(E).
Figure (E)
11. Analyze the function of the circuit shown in the Figure 2 and derive its output voltage 𝑉𝑜 .
Also, calculate the output voltage 𝑉𝑜 , where V1=2V, V2=5V, V3=3V, V4=1V, V5=3V, V6=2V. Assume
that the op-amp is initially nulled.
Figure 2
12. Construct a differentiator to differentiate an input signal that varies in frequency from 10Hz to
1kHz. Also, sketch its output waveform, if a sine wave of 1V peak at 1000Hz is applied.
UNIT 3
1. Consider a operational amplifier based Wien Bridge Oscillator with the following specifications:
R=1.59 kΩ, C=0.1 µF, Rf =2 kΩ, R1= 1 kΩ. Identify whether the circuit will oscillate or not. If yes,
find it’s frequency of oscillation. Also, analyze the performance of the oscillator and write your
inference for the following values of Rf resistor (a) 1.5 kΩ and (b) 10 kΩ. Draw the output
waveform for all three values of Rf.
Soln;
To check whether wein ridge oscillator circuit will oscillate, the gain must be equal to 3
A = (1+ (Rf/R1))= (1+ (2k/1k))= 3
The condition for oscillation is satified so the circuit will perform oscillation.
Frequency of oscillation:
f = 1/2πRC
f = 1/(2π x 1.59k x 0.1µ) = 1 kHz
When Rf= 1.9 kΩ

Gain = (1+(1.9k/1k) = 2.9 which is less than 3
So the oscillation will not happen because the minimum gain requirement is not attained
When Rf=10 kΩ
Gain = (1+(10k/1k) = 11 which is greater than 11. So the the circuit take some time to get into
oscillation condition.
2. Design an astable multivibrator using IC555 timer that will flash the LED such that its ON time is 2
seconds and OFF time is 0.5 seconds. Draw the circuit diagram with various component values.
Also, calculate the frequency of oscillation and duty cycle.
Soln:
3. Find the value of resistors and capacitors in Wien bridge oscillator to oscillate at 1000Hz
4. Use only three op-amps to design a function generator to produce the sine, square and triangular
wave. Also, explain its working principle with suitable diagram.
5. Explain a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer IC with functional diagram. Also, find its timing
components values to produce a pulse width of 100ms.
Explain – functional diagram

Practice Questions Unit 1,2 and 3

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Unit 1

VooT = (Rc x Vsat)/Rb

Rb = (Rc x Vsat)/ VooT

Assume Rc = 10Ω, then the value of

Since Rb > Rmax, let us choose Rb = 10 Rmax where Rmax = Ra/4

Difference amplifier as a instrumentation amplifier using one op-amp:

❑ The voltage gain of the such difference amplifier is,

Instrumentation amplifier using three op-amp:

VooT = ±Vsat / (1+Aβ) = ±13 / 36364.6 = 0.3 mV

For negative half-cycle

When Rf= 1.9 kΩ

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