Lab Manual ST

Ioan ȘERBAN
CAD/CAE IN POWER
ELECTRONICS
Laboratory Manual
Transilvania
University
Press
Contents
Preface iv
L1. Single-phase diode rectifier 1
L2. Buck converter 4
L3. Boost converter 7
L4. Buck-boost converter 10
L5. Single-phase PWM inverter 13
L6. Three-phase PWM inverter 16
References 20
Annexes. Details of the Simulink models 21
Annex 1. Details of the Simulink model for L1 22
iii
Preface
This laboratory manual is developed for the Advanced Electrical Systems master
program, section of Renewable Energy Conversion, from the Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Computers Science, as well as for anyone interested to study the
designing and modeling aspects of power electronics converters. The laboratory
manual closely follows the syllabus of the discipline “CAD/CAE in Power
Electronics”. The manual is divided in six laboratories covering the main dc-dc and
dc-ac converters, which can be used in renewable energy conversion systems. Each
laboratory requires the students to develop a model of the studied converter, using
Matlab/Simulink environment, to accomplish simulations in various operating
conditions and to respond to specific tasks. At the end, the manual includes the
details of the Simulink models to help the students to successfully conduct the
required laboratory tasks.
iv
Laboratory 1
Model and simulate a single-phase diode rectifier, as shown in Fig. L1.1, with the following
specifications:
 AC input voltage/frequency: 230V/50Hz;

 AC source internal resistance: ri  0.1 ;
 Loads resistance: R1  100 , R2  200 ;

 Connection time of the switch K: t1  0.1s ;
Vdc
 DC voltage ripple condition:  5% ;
Vdc
 The components are considered quasi-ideal.
Fig. L1.1 – Electrical scheme of a single-phase diode rectifier
1
Fig. L1.2 – Example of Simulink block diagram
Procedure:
1. Calculate the capacitor value Cdc to satisfy the voltage ripple condition. Use the following
expressions to find the approximate value (the source and diodes resistances are neglected).
After completing the step 2, refine the obtained value by simulations to comply with the
voltage ripple condition.
 1
t
 Vdc  2 1  e

V t
1  e  ,   Rmin C dc ,
1
 dc
 t1
cost   e  
 1
where: Vdc is the peak-to-peak DC voltage variation; Vdc is the average DC voltage; Rmin is the
minimum load resistance;
2. Model the converter using components from the Matlab/Simulink/SimPowerSystem library.
Include the measurement blocks represented in Fig. L1.1 and Fig. L1.2.
3. Simulate the converter and analyze the results. Compare the main waveforms with the
theoretical ones. Verify if the converter meets the design specifications;
4. Determine the current stress of a diode (calculate the DC, RMS and peak currents);
5. Explain the difference between the displacement factor (DPF=cos(φ)) and the power factor
(PF), knowing that:
2
DPF  cos1  
P
P  Q2
2
P P
PF  
S VI
6. Measure the capacitor current RMS value and calculate the equivalent series resistance
(ESR) of the capacitor knowing that its maximum dissipation power is 5W.
7. Measure/calculate the power absorbed by the two resistors.
8. Using the “powergui” block provided in the SimPowerSystems library, accomplish the FFT
analysis of the grid current. Comment the results.
9. Create a laboratory report based on the obtained results and make your own conclusions
regarding the operation of the studied converter.
Note: See Annex 1 and model web view for details of the Simulink model.
3
Laboratory 2
Model and simulate a buck converter, as shown in Fig. L2.1, which must operate in continuous-
conduction mode (CCM), with the following specifications:
 Input voltage: Vi  [20  25]V ;
 Output voltage: Vo  10V ;
 Output power: Po  [10  100]W ;
 PWM signal switching frequency: f s  25kHz ;
 L-current ripple condition: I L  0.5 A ;

 C-voltage ripple condition: Vo  10mV ;

S L Io K
iS iL iC t1
iD +
+ Vo
Vi D C R1 R2
PWM D
Controller
generator
Duty cycle
Fig. L2.1 – Electrical scheme of the buck converter including a closed-loop voltage controller
4
a) b)
Fig. L2.2 – Details of the: a) PWM generator; b) PID controller
Procedure:
1. Calculate the passive components, L and C according to the design guidelines provided in the
course;
2. Model the converter using components from the Matlab/Simulink/SimPowerSystem library;
theoretical ones. Verify if the converter meet the design specifications;
4. Calculate the duty cycle and compare it with the value provided by the controller in steady
state. Explain the differences;
5
5. Change the switching frequency until the converter operates at the boundary of continuous
conduction mode (BCM). What is the approximately value of the frequency?
6. Measure the RMS and DC values of the currents through S, D, L, C and R. Calculate the
ripple factor (RF) for each current and arrange the results in a table. Comment the results.
I~
RF  , where I ~  I RMS
2
 I dc2 .
I dc
7. Neglecting the switching losses of the MOSFET, calculate the maximum drain-to-source
resistance (Rds) so that the transistor losses to be less than 5% of the output power.
8. Describe an application with renewable energy sources, where the studied converter can be
used.
6
Laboratory 3
Model and simulate a boost converter, as shown in Fig. L3.1, which must operate in continuous-
conduction mode (CCM), with the following specifications:
 Output voltage: Vo  24V ;


L iL iD D Io K
iC t1
iS
+
+ Vo
Vi S C R1 R2
PWM D
Controller
generator
Duty cycle
Fig. L3.1 – Electrical scheme of the boost converter, including a closed-loop voltage controller
7
a) b)
Procedure:
course;
8
5. Change the switching frequency until the converter operates at the boundary of continuous
6. Measure the RMS and DC values of the currents through S, D, L, C and R. Calculate the
ripple factor (RF) for each current and arrange the results in a table. Comment the results
I~
RF  , where I ~  I RMS
2
 I dc2
I dc
7. Neglecting the switching losses of the MOSFET, calculate the maximum drain-to-source
used.
9
Laboratory 4
Model and simulate a buck-boost converter, as shown in Fig. L1.1, which must operate in
continuous-conduction mode (CCM), with the following specifications:
 Output voltage: Vo  24V ;


D
S Io K
iS iD iC t1
iL
Vo
Vi L C R1 R2
+
+
PWM D
Controller
generator
Duty cycle
Fig. L4.1 – Electrical scheme of the buck-boost converter, including a closed-loop voltage
controller
10
a) b)
Procedure:
course;
11
5. Change the switching frequency until the converte r operates at the boundary of continuous
6. Measure the current R MS and DC values through S, D, L, C and R. Calculate the ripple
factor (RF) for each current and arrange the results in a table. Comment the results
I~ 2
RF  , where I ~  I RMS  I dc2
I dc
7. Neglecting the switching losses of the MOSF ET, calculate the m aximum drain-to-source
used.
9. Create a laboratory report based on the obtai ned results and m ake your own conclusions
12
Laboratory 5
Model and simulate a single-phase PWM inverter, as shown in Fig. L5.1, with the following
specifications:
 Input DC voltage: Vdc  400V ;
 Output AC voltage/frequency: Vo  230V / 50 Hz ;
 Filter inductance: L f  1mH ;
 Filter capacitance: C f  6.8F ;
 Load 1 (R): P1  1kW ;

 Load 2 (RL): P2  1kW ; cos   0.8 inductive;
 Load 3 (nonlinear): Vb  300V ;
 Connection time of the switches K1 and K2: t1  0.1s , t 2  0.15s ;

Fig. L5.1 – Electrical scheme of the single-phase PWM inverter with open loop voltage control
13
2 sin 100t 
a)
b)
carier D1 D2
va
vb
vab
c)
Fig. L5.2 – Inverter control: a) Duty cycles generator; b) PWM generator; c) The main control
signals for three-level sine-triangle PWM (SPWM).

14
Procedure:

theoretical ones.
3. Comment on the type of PWM modulation used;
4. Measure the load displacement factor (DPF) and power factor (PF) and comment on the
differences.
DPF  cos1  
P
P2  Q2
P P
PF  
S VI
5. Measure the DC current (iDC) and explain the waveform.
6. Determine the current stress of a transistor and a diode (calculate the DC, RMS and peak
currents);
analysis of the filter and grid currents (iLf and io). Comment the results.
used.
15
Laboratory 6
Model and simulate a three-phase PWM inverter, as shown in Fig. L6.1, with the following
specifications:
 Input DC voltage: Vdc  600V ;
 Output AC line-to-line voltage/frequency: Vo  400V / 50 Hz ;
 Filter inductance: L f  1mH ;
 Filter capacitance: C f  10 F ;
 Load 1 (R): P1  2kW ;

 Load 2 (RL): P2  1kW ; cos   0.8 inductive;
 Load 3 (nonlinear): Vb  545V ;
 Connection time of the switches K1 and K2: t1  0.1s , t 2  0.15s ;

Fig. L6.1 – Electrical scheme of the three-phase PWM inverter with open loop voltage control
16
vabc* u Dabc
sin 0.5(u+1)
x ÷
Three-phase Vab* Vdc

sinusoidal signals  2 sin 100t 
generator 
 2 sin 100t  2 / 3

 2 sin 100t  2 / 3
a) b)
c)
3rd harmonic 2 Da Db Dc
sin 300t 
injection sin3 6 1
vabc* u Dabc
sin 0.5(u+1)
x ÷
Three-phase Vab* Vdc

 2
sinusoidal signals  2 sin 100t 
 3
generator t
 2
 2 sin 100t  2 / 3
 3 0
 2
 2 sin 100t  2 / 3
 3
d)
Fig. L6.2 – Inverter control: a) Duty cycles generator; b) PWM generator; c) The main control
signals for three-level sine-triangle PWM (SPWM); d) Duty cycles generator with third harmonic
injection (SPWM+H3).
17
Procedure:

theoretical ones.
3. Comment on the type of PWM modulation used. First, use the SPWM modulation (Fig.
L6.2a and L6.2c), then add third harmonic injection as shown in Fig. L6.2.d.
4. Measure the load displacement factor (DPF) and power factor (PF) and comment on the
differences.
DPF  cos1  
P
P  Q2
2
P P
PF  
S VI
5. Measure the DC current (iDC) and explain the waveform. Compare it with the one from the
single-phase inverter obtained in L5.
6. Determine the current stress of a transistor and a diode (calculate the DC, RMS and peak
currents);
analysis of the filter and grid currents (iaf and io). Comment the results.
18
used.
19
References
 I. Serban, CAD/CAE in Power Electronics, course support.
 SimPowerSystems User’s Guide, www.mathworks.com ;
 N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, W.P. Robbins, Power Electronics Converters, Application and
Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2003;
 M. H. Rashid, Power Electronics. Circuits, Devices and Applications – 3rd edition, Pearson
Education, 2004, USA.
 M.H. Rashid, Power Electronics Handbook – 3rd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2010,
USA.
 R. W. Erickson, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, Springer, 2001.
 S. M. Sharkh, M.A. Abu-Sara, Power Electronics converters for Microgrids, Wiley, 2010,
USA.
 M.C. Brown, Practical Switching Power Supply Design, Academic Press, 1990, USA.
 H. More, Matlab for Engineers, Prentice Hall, 2008.
 I. Serban, Microretele Hibride cu Surse Regenerabile de Energie, Ed. Universitatii
Transilvania Brasov, 2008.
 C. Marinescu, I. Serban, L. Clotea, D. Marinescu, C.P. Ion, M. Georgescu, L. Barote, A.
Forcos, Retele hibride cu surse regenerabile de energie. Evolutii moderne., Ed. Universitatii
Transilvania din Brasov, 2011.
 C. Marinescu, M. Georgescu, L. Cloţea, C. P. Ion, I. Şerban, L. Barote, D.Vâlcan, Surse
regenerabile de energie. Abordari actuale. Ed. Universitatii Transilvania din Brasov, 2008.
20
Annexes
Details of the Simulink models.
21
Annex 1 - L1_rectifier
Table of Contents
Model - L1_rectifier
System - L1_rectifier
Appendix
List of Tables
1. AC Voltage Source Block Properties

2. Active & Reactive Power Block Properties
3. Current Measurement Block Properties
4. Display Block Properties
5. Fcn Block Properties
6. From Block Properties
7. Goto Block Properties
8. Ideal Switch Block Properties
9. Mean value Block Properties
10. Mux Block Properties
11. PSB option menu block Block Properties
12. RMS Block Properties
13. Series RLC Branch Block Properties
14. Step Block Properties
15. Total Harmonic Distortion Block Properties
16. Universal Bridge Block Properties
17. Voltage Measurement Block Properties
18. Block Type Count
19. Model Functions
Model - L1_rectifier
Full Model Hierarchy
1. L1_rectifier
Simulation Parameter Value

Solver ode23tb
RelTol 1e-3
Refine 1
MaxStep 100e-6
MaxOrder 5
ZeroCross on
22
System - L1_rectifier
Table 1. AC Voltage Source Block Properties
Name Amplitude Phase Frequency Sample Time Measurements

v 230*sqrt(2) 0 50 0 None
Table 2. Active & Reactive Power Block Properties
Name F1
Active & Reactive Power 50
Table 3. Current Measurement Block Properties
Name Output Type

Current Measurement Complex
Current Measurement1 Complex
Table 4. Display Block Properties
Name Format Decimation Floating

cos(phi) short 1 off
DC voltage short 1 off
Grid current RMS short 1 off
Grid voltage RMS short 1 off
P,Q short 1 off
PF short 1 off
23
THD_I short 1 off
Table 5. Fcn Block Properties
Name Expr
Fcn u[1]/sqrt(u[1]^2+u[2]^2)
Fcn1 u[3]/u[1]/u[2]
Table 6. From Block Properties
Name Goto Tag Icon Display Goto Blk Name Goto Blk Location Defined In Blk
From ig Tag Goto L1_rectifier do not delete this gain
From1 vg Tag Goto1 L1_rectifier do not delete this gain
From2 ig Tag Goto L1_rectifier do not delete this gain
From3 vg Tag Goto1 L1_rectifier do not delete this gain
From4 ig Tag Goto L1_rectifier do not delete this gain
From5 vdc Tag Goto3 L1_rectifier do not delete this gain
Table 7. Goto Block Properties
Goto Icon Tag

Name From Blk From Blk Location Used By Blk
Tag Display Visibility
L1_rectifier,
From4, From2,
L1_rectifier, integrator, Gain1, Math
From
Goto ig Tag local L1_rectifier Function, Gain1, Math
Function, ig
L1_rectifier,
From3, From1 Gain1, Math Function,
Goto1 vg Tag local L1_rectifier
vg
Goto2 io Tag local Unconnected Unconnected L1_rectifier (model)

Goto3 vdc Tag local From5 L1_rectifier integrator, vdc
Table 8. Ideal Switch Block Properties
Name Ron IC Rs Cs Measurements

K 0.001 0 1e5 inf off
Table 9. Mean value Block Properties
Name Period
Mean Value 1/50
24
Table 10. Mux Block Properties
Name Inputs Display Option

Mux 3 bar
Table 11. PSB option menu block Block Properties
Simulation Enable Use Of Restore

Name SPID Echomessages X0status
Mode TLC Links
powergui Continuous off off off blocks warning
Table 12. RMS Block Properties
Name F1
RMS 50
RMS1 50
Table 13. Series RLC Branch Block Properties
Name Branch Type Resistance Inductance Capacitance Setx 0 Measurements

Cdc C 0 0 2600e-6 off None
R1 R 200 0 inf off None
ri R 0.1 0 inf off None
Table 14. Step Block Properties
Name Time Before After Sample Time Zero Cross

Step_t1 0.1 0 1 0 on
Table 15. Total Harmonic Distortion Block Properties
Name F1
Total Harmonic Distorsion 50
Table 16. Universal Bridge Block Properties
Snubber Snubber Forward

Name Arms Device Ron Lon Measurements
Resistance Capacitance Voltage
Diode Device
2 1e5 inf Diodes 1e-3 0 0.8
bridge currents
Table 17. Voltage Measurement Block Properties
Name Output Type

Voltage Measurement Complex
Voltage Measurement1 Complex
25
Appendix
Table 18. Block Type Count
BlockType Count Block Names

Scope 8 Ig, Scope6, Scope7, Vdc, Vg, ig, vdc, vg
DC voltage, Grid current RMS, Grid voltage RMS, P,Q, PF,
Display 7
THD_I, cos(phi)
From 6 From, From1, From2, From3, From4, From5
Series RLC Branch (m) 4 Cdc, R1, R2, ri
Goto 4 Goto, Goto1, Goto2, Goto3
Voltage Measurement (m) 2 Voltage Measurement, Voltage Measurement1
RMS (m) 2 RMS, RMS1
Fcn 2 Fcn, Fcn1
Current Measurement (m) 2 Current Measurement, Current Measurement1
Universal Bridge (m) 1 Diode bridge
Total Harmonic Distortion
1 Total Harmonic Distorsion
(m)
Step 1 Step_t1
PSB option menu block
1 powergui
(m)
Mux 1 Mux
Mean value (m) 1 Mean Value
Ideal Switch (m) 1 K
Active & Reactive Power
1 Active & Reactive Power
(m)
AC Voltage Source (m) 1 v
Table 19. Model Functions
Function Name Parent Blocks Calling string

sqrt v 230*sqrt(2)
26
Annex 2 - L2_Buck
Table of Contents
Model - L2_Buck
Machine - L2_Buck
System - L2_Buck
System - L2_Buck/Control
System - L2_Buck/PWM gen.
Appendix
List of Tables
1. Controlled Voltage Source Block Properties

3. Demux Block Properties
4. Diode Block Properties
9. Mosfet Block Properties
10. MultimeterPSB Block Properties
16. Discrete PID Controller Block Properties
17. Inport Block Properties
18. Outport Block Properties
19. Sum Block Properties
22. RelationalOperator Block Properties
23. Repeating table Block Properties
25. Model Variables
26. Count: L2_Buck
Model - L2_Buck
Table of Contents
Machine - L2_Buck
27
1. L2_Buck
1. Control
2. PWM gen.

Solver ode23tb
RelTol 1e-3
Refine 1
MaxStep 1e-6
MaxOrder 5
ZeroCross on
Machine - L2_Buck
Machine L2_Buck
Creation Date 08-Sep-2012 13:21:25
System - L2_Buck
Table 1. Controlled Voltage Source Block Properties
Name Initialize Measurements

Controlled Voltage Source off None
Name Output Type
28
Name Output Type
Table 3. Demux Block Properties
Name Outputs Display Option Bus Selection Mode

Demux 2 bar off
Demux1 2 bar off
Table 4. Diode Block Properties
Name Ron Lon Vf IC Rs Cs Measurements

Diode 0.1 0 0.4 0 1e5 inf off
Ii Ii Tag Goto1 L2_Buck do not delete this gain
Ii1 Vi Tag Goto2 L2_Buck Ui
Ii2 viT Tag Goto3 L2_Buck Demux, Demux
Io Io Tag Goto L2_Buck do not delete this gain
Goto Icon Tag From From Blk

Name Used By Blk
Tag Display Visibility Blk Location
Goto Io Tag local Io L2_Buck Scope
Goto1 Ii Tag local Ii L2_Buck integrator, Scope1
L2_Buck (model),
Goto2 Vi Tag local Ii1 L2_Buck
Scope1
Goto3 viT Tag local Ii2 L2_Buck Demux1

K 0.001 0 1e5 inf off
Name Period
Mean Value Ts
Table 9. Mosfet Block Properties
29
Name Ron Lon Rd Vfd IC Rs Cs Measurements
Mosfet 0.1 0 0.01 0 0 inf inf on
Table 10. MultimeterPSB Block Properties
Saved
Phasor Output Axes
Name Sel L Gain Yselected Display Block
Simulation Type Setting
Names
[1 {'Ub: C','Ib: [0,0.1,-
Multimeter off Complex 2 [1 1] 0 -11
2] L(R)'}; 100,100]

Mux 2 bar

Mode TLC Links

C C 0 0 330e-6 off Branch voltage
L(R) RL 0.1 500e-6 inf off Branch current
R2 R 1.1111 0 inf off None

Step_t1 0.1 0 1 0 on
Ui 0.15 20 25 on
Uo* 0.06 5 10 on
Name Output Type

System - L2_Buck/Control
30
Table 16. Discrete PID Controller Block Properties
Name Kp Ki Kd Tc D Par Limits Init Ts

Discrete PID Controller 0.02 20 1e-5 Ts [0.95 0.05] 0.1 Ts
Table 17. Inport Block Properties
Name Port Defined In Blk Out Min Out Max

Uo 1 do not delete this gain [] []
Uo_ref 2 Uo* [] []
Table 18. Outport Block Properties
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Icon Bus Out Out Data Initial Used By
Name Port Size Initial When
Display Object Min Max Type Output Blk
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value
Relational
Port Inherit:
duty 1 BusObject Inherit [] [] Dialog held [] Operator,
number auto
duty
Table 19. Sum Block Properties
Input Accum
Icon Collapse Collapse Out Out Out Data
Name Inputs Same Data Type
Shape Mode Dim Min Max Type Str
DT Str
Inherit: Inherit:
All
Add rectangular -+ 1 off Inherit via [] [] Inherit via
dimensions
internal rule internal rule
System - L2_Buck/PWM gen.
31

duty 1 Saturation2 [] []
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value
Port Inherit: Data Type
pwm 1 BusObject Inherit [] [] Dialog held []
number auto Conversion
Table 22. RelationalOperator Block Properties
Name Operator Input Same DT Out Data Type Str Zero Cross
Relational Operator > off boolean on
Table 23. Repeating table Block Properties
Name Rep seq t Rep seq y

carrier [0 Ts] [0 1]
Appendix

Series RLC Branch (m) 4 C, L(R), R1, R2
Scope 4 Scope, Scope1, Scope2, duty
From 4 Ii, Ii1, Ii2, Io
Step 3 Step_t1, Ui, Uo*
Inport 3 Uo, Uo_ref, duty
SubSystem 2 Control, PWM gen.
Outport 2 duty, pwm
Demux 2 Demux, Demux1
Voltage Measurement (m) 1 Voltage Measurement
Sum 1 Add
Repeating table (m) 1 carrier
RelationalOperator 1 Relational Operator
PSB option menu block (m) 1 powergui
Mux 1 Mux
32
MultimeterPSB (m) 1 Multimeter
Mosfet (m) 1 Mosfet
Discrete PID Controller (m) 1 Discrete PID Controller
Diode (m) 1 Diode
Controlled Voltage Source (m) 1 Controlled Voltage Source
Table 25. Model Variables
Variable Name Parent Blocks Calling string Value

Discrete PID Controller Ts
Ts Ts
4.0000e-005
Mean Value
carrier [0 Ts]
Table 26. Count: L2_Buck
Type Count Objects

Target 1 sfun
Machine 1 L2_Buck
Target L2_Buck/sfun
Description Default Simulink S-Function Target.
33
Annex 3 - L3_Boost
Table of Contents
Model - L3_Boost
Machine - L3_Boost
System - L3_Boost
System - L3_Boost/Control
System - L3_Boost/PWM gen.
Appendix
List of Tables

24. Model Variables
25. Count: L3_Boost
Model - L3_Boost
Table of Contents
Machine - L3_Boost

34
1. L3_Boost
1. Control
2. PWM gen.

Solver ode23tb
RelTol 1e-3
Refine 1
MaxStep 1e-6
MaxOrder 5
ZeroCross on
Machine - L3_Boost
Machine L3_Boost
System - L3_Boost

Name Output Type
35
Name Output Type

Demux 2 bar off
Demux1 2 bar off

Ii Ii Tag Goto1 L3_Boost do not delete this gain
Ii1 Vi Tag Goto2 L3_Boost Ui
Ii2 viT Tag Goto3 L3_Boost Demux, Demux
Io Io Tag Goto L3_Boost do not delete this gain
Goto Icon Tag From From Blk

Name Used By Blk
Tag Display Visibility Blk Location
Goto Io Tag local Io L3_Boost Scope
Goto1 Ii Tag local Ii L3_Boost Scope1
State-Space,
Goto2 Vi Tag local Ii1 L3_Boost
Scope1
Goto3 viT Tag local Ii2 L3_Boost Demux1

K 0.001 0 1e5 inf off

36
Saved
Phasor Output Axes
Names
[1 {'Ub: C','Ib: [0,0.1,-
2] L(R)'}; 100,100]

Mux 2 bar

Mode TLC Links
Initial
Voltage
C C 0 0 2200e-6 on 20 Branch voltage
L(R) RL 0.1 500e-6 inf off 0 Branch current
R1 R 48 0 inf off 0 None
R2 R 5.3333 0 inf off 0 None

Step_t1 0.1 0 1 0 on
Ui 0.14 12 18 on
Uo* 0.06 20 24 on
Name Output Type

System - L3_Boost/Control
37


Uo_ref 2 Uo* [] []
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value
Relational
Port Inherit:
number auto
duty
Input Accum
DT Str
Inherit: Inherit:
All
dimensions
System - L3_Boost/PWM gen.

38
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value

Appendix

Outport 2 duty, pwm
Sum 1 Add
Mux 1 Mux
Mosfet (m) 1 Mosfet
Diode (m) 1 Diode
39

Ts Discrete PID Controller Ts 4.0000e-005
carrier [0 Ts]
Table 25. Count: L3_Boost
Type Count Objects

Target 1 sfun
Machine 1 L3_Boost
Target L3_Boost/sfun
40
Annex 4 - L4_Buck_boost_inv
Table of Contents
Model - L4_Buck_boost_inv
Machine - L4_Buck_boost_inv
System - L4_Buck_boost_inv
System - L4_Buck_boost_inv/Control
System - L4_Buck_boost_inv/PWM gen.
Appendix
List of Tables

25. Model Variables
26. Count: L4_Buck_boost_inv
Model - L4_Buck_boost_inv
Table of Contents
41
1. L4_Buck_boost_inv
1. Control
2. PWM gen.

Solver ode23tb
RelTol 1e-3
Refine 1
MaxStep 1e-6
MaxOrder 5
ZeroCross on
Machine L4_Buck_boost_inv
System - L4_Buck_boost_inv

Name Output Type
42
Name Output Type

Demux 2 bar off
Demux1 2 bar off

Ii Ii Tag Goto1 L4_Buck_boost_inv do not delete this gain
Ii1 Vi Tag Goto2 L4_Buck_boost_inv Ui
Ii2 viT Tag Goto3 L4_Buck_boost_inv Demux, Demux
Io Io Tag Goto L4_Buck_boost_inv do not delete this gain
Goto Icon Tag From

Name From Blk Location Used By Blk
Tag Display Visibility Blk
Goto Io Tag local Io L4_Buck_boost_inv Scope
Goto1 Ii Tag local Ii L4_Buck_boost_inv integrator, Scope1
State-Space,
Goto2 Vi Tag local Ii1 L4_Buck_boost_inv
Scope1
Goto3 viT Tag local Ii2 L4_Buck_boost_inv Demux1

K 0.001 0 1e5 inf off
Name Period
Mean Value Ts
43
Saved
Phasor Output Axes
Names
[1 {'Ub: C','Ib: [0,0.1,-
2] L(R)'}; 100,100]

Mux 2 bar

Mode TLC Links

C C 0 0 2700e-6 off Branch voltage
L(R) RL 0.1 750e-6 inf off Branch current
R2 R 5.3333 0 inf off None

Step_t1 0.1 0 1 0 on
Ui 0.14 16 36 on
Uo* 10 24 15 on
Name Output Type

System - L4_Buck_boost_inv/Control
44


Uo_ref 2 Uo* [] []
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value
Relational
Port Inherit:
number auto
duty
Input Accum
DT Str
Inherit: Inherit:
All
dimensions
System - L4_Buck_boost_inv/PWM gen.
45

Source
Out
Var Of Output
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value

Appendix

Outport 2 duty, pwm
Sum 1 Add
Mux 1 Mux
46
Mosfet (m) 1 Mosfet
Diode (m) 1 Diode

Ts Ts
4.0000e-005
Mean Value
carrier [0 Ts]
Table 26. Count: L4_Buck_boost_inv
Type Count Objects

Target 1 sfun
Machine 1 L4_Buck_boost_inv
Target L4_Buck_boost_inv/sfun
47
Annex 5 - L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
Table of Contents
Model - L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
Machine - L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
System - L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
System - L5_PWM_inverter_1ph/PWM gen.
System - L5_PWM_inverter_1ph/Signal gen.
Appendix
List of Tables

2. Breaker Block Properties
4. DC Voltage Source Block Properties
13. RMS Block Properties
14. Selector Block Properties
16. Series RLC Load Block Properties
19. DataTypeConversion Block Properties
28. Sin Block Properties
30. Model Variables
31. Model Functions
32. Count: L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
48
Table of Contents
1. L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
1. PWM gen.
2. Signal gen.

Solver ode23tb
RelTol 1e-3
Refine 1
MaxStep 5e-6
MaxOrder 5
ZeroCross on
Machine L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
49
Name F1
Table 2. Breaker Block Properties
Breaker Initial Snubber Snubber Switching

Name External Measurements
Resistance State Resistance Capacitance Times
Breaker 0.01 0 1e5 inf 0.1 off None
Breaker1 0.01 0 inf inf 0.15 off None
Name Output Type

Table 4. DC Voltage Source Block Properties
Name Amplitude Measurements

Vdc 400 None
Vdc1 300 None

Demux 2 bar off
Demux1 2 bar off
Demux2 2 bar off

P[W], Q[VAr] short 10000 off
PF short 1 off
Vo[V], Io[A] short 10000 off
Name Expr
Fcn u[1]/sqrt(u[1]^2+u[2]^2)
Fcn1 u[3]/u[1]/u[2]
From Io Tag Goto L5_PWM_inverter_1ph do not delete this gain
50
From1 ILf Tag Goto1 L5_PWM_inverter_1ph Demux2
Goto Icon Tag From

Math Function,
Goto Io Tag local From L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
Selector, Demux1
Goto1 ILf Tag local From1 L5_PWM_inverter_1ph Scope1
Saved
Phasor Output Axes
Names
[1 {'Ub: Cf','Ib: [0,0.1,-
2] Lf'}; 100,100]

Mux 2 bar
Mux1 2 bar
Mux2 2 bar

Mode TLC Links
Table 13. RMS Block Properties
Name F1
RMS 50
Table 14. Selector Block Properties
Index Index Output Input

Number Of Index Index Output
Name Option Param Size Port Indices
Dimensions Mode Options Sizes
Array Array Array Width
Index Index
One- [1 3 2 [1 3 2
Selector 1 vector 1 4 vector 1
based 4] 4]
(dialog) (dialog)

51
Cf C 0 0 6.8e-6 off Branch voltage
Lf RL 0.1 0.5e-3 inf off Branch current
Load1 R 50 0 inf off None
Table 16. Series RLC Load Block Properties
Nominal Nominal Active Inductive Capacitive Setx Initial Seti Initial Measure
Name
Voltage Frequency Power Power Power 0 Voltage L0 Current ments
Load2 230 50 1e3 500 0 off 0 off 0 None

R 2 1e5 inf Diodes 0.1 0 0.8 None
MOSFET /
VSC 2 1e5 inf 0.1 0 0 None
Diodes
Name Output Type

System - L5_PWM_inverter_1ph/PWM gen.
Table 19. DataTypeConversion Block Properties
Out Out
Name Out Data Type Str Convert Real World
Min Max
Data Type Inherit: Inherit via back Real World Value
[] []
Conversion propagation (RWV)
Name Expr
Fcn 1-u
Fcn1 1-u[1]
Fcn2 1-u[2]
52

duty 1 Sine Wave [] []

Mux 2 bar
Mux1 3 bar
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value
pwm(4G) 1 BusObject Inherit [] [] Dialog held []

carrier [0 Ts/2 Ts] [0 1 0]

Index Index
One- [1 3 2 [1 3 2
based 4] 4]
(dialog) (dialog)
53
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value
Relational
Port Inherit: Operator,
D 1 BusObject Inherit [] [] Dialog held []
number auto Fcn, duty
cycles
Table 28. Sin Block Properties
Sine Sample
Name Time Source Amplitude Bias Frequency Phase Samples Offset
Type Time
Use
Sine Time
simulation 0.41 0.5 2*pi*50 0 10 0 Ts
Wave based
time
Appendix

Scope 5 , P,Q, Scope1, Scope2, duty cycles
Mux 5 Mux, Mux1, Mux2, Mux, Mux1
Fcn 5 Fcn, Fcn1, Fcn, Fcn1, Fcn2
Display 4 PF, P[W], Q[VAr], Vo[V], Io[A], cos(phi)
Series RLC Branch (m) 3 Cf, Lf, Load1
Demux 3 Demux, Demux1, Demux2
Universal Bridge (m) 2 R, VSC
SubSystem 2 PWM gen., Signal gen.
Selector 2 Selector, Selector
Outport 2 pwm(4G), D
Goto 2 Goto, Goto1
From 2 From, From1
DC Voltage Source (m) 2 Vdc, Vdc1
54
Breaker (m) 2 Breaker, Breaker1
Sin 1 Sine Wave
Series RLC Load (m) 1 Load2
RMS (m) 1 RMS
Inport 1 duty
DataTypeConversion 1 Data Type Conversion
Current Measurement (m) 1 Current Measurement1
Active & Reactive Power (m) 1 Active & Reactive Power

Ts carrier [0 Ts/2 Ts] 5.0000e-005

pi Sine Wave 2*pi*50
Table 32. Count: L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
Type Count Objects

Target 1 sfun
Machine 1 L5_PWM_inverter_1ph
55
Annex 6 - L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
Table of Contents
Appendix
List of Tables

2. DC Voltage Source Block Properties
4. Discrete PWM Generator Block Properties
5. Discrete RMS value Block Properties
9. Gain Block Properties
15. Three-Phase Breaker Block Properties
16. Three-Phase Series RLC Branch Block Properties
17. Three-Phase Series RLC Load Block Properties
18. Three-Phase VI Measurement Block Properties
22. Sin Block Properties
25. Model Functions
26. Count: L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
Table of Contents
56
1. L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
1. Signal gen.

Solver ode23tb
RelTol 1e-3
Refine 1
MaxStep 5e-6
MaxOrder 5
ZeroCross on
Machine L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
Name F1
Table 2. DC Voltage Source Block Properties

Vdc 570 None
57
Vdc1 545 None

Demux 2 bar off
Demux1 2 bar off
Table 4. Discrete PWM Generator Block Properties
Name Generator Mode Fc Ts Internal

Discrete PWM Generator 3-arm bridge (6 pulses) 10e3 1e-6 off
Table 5. Discrete RMS value Block Properties
Name Freq Mag Init Ts

Discrete RMS value 50 0 100e-6

P[W], Q[VAr] short 10000 off
PF short 1000 off
Vo[V], Io[A] short 10000 off
Name Expr
Fcn u[1]/sqrt(u[1]^2+u[2]^2)
Fcn1 u[3]/u[1]/u[2]/3
From Vabc Tag Goto L6_PWM_inverter_3ph Kv
From1 Iabc Tag Goto1 L6_PWM_inverter_3ph Ki
Table 9. Gain Block Properties
Param Param Param Data Out Out Out Data Type

Name Gain Multiplication
Min Max Type Str Min Max Str
Element- Inherit: Inherit Inherit: Inherit
Gain 3 [] [] [] []
wise(K.*u) via internal rule via internal rule
58
Goto Icon Tag From

Selector1,
Goto Vabc Tag local From L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
Scope3
Selector2,
Goto1 Iabc Tag local From1 L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
Scope3
Saved
Phasor Output Axes
Names
[4 5 [1 1 {'Ib1: Lf','Ib2: [0,0.1,-
Multimeter off Complex 6 0 -11
6] 1] Lf','Ib3: Lf'}; 100,100]

Mux 2 bar
Mux2 2 bar
Mux3 2 bar

Mode TLC Links

Index Index
One- [1 3 2 [1 3 2
based 4] 4]
(dialog) (dialog)
Index Index
One-
Selector1 1 vector 1 1 3 vector 1 1
based
(dialog) (dialog)
Index Index
One-
Selector2 1 vector 1 1 3 vector 1 1
based
(dialog) (dialog)
Table 15. Three-Phase Breaker Block Properties
59
Initia Switc Breaker Snubber Snubber
Switc Switc Switc Externa Measurement
Name l h Resistanc Resistanc Capacitanc
hA hB hC l s
State Times e e e
Three-
Phase open on on on [0.1] off 0.001 1e6 inf None
Breaker
Three-
Phase
open on on on [0.15] off 0.01 1e6 inf None
Breaker
1
Table 16. Three-Phase Series RLC Branch Block Properties
Name Branch Type Resistance Inductance Capacitance Measurements

Cf C 0 0 10e-6 Branch voltages
Lf RL 0.1 1e-3 inf Branch currents
Table 17. Three-Phase Series RLC Load Block Properties
Nominal Nominal Active Inductive Capacitive

Name Configuration Measurements
Voltage Frequency Power Power Power
Load1 Y (grounded) 400 50 2e3 0 0 None
Load2 Y (grounded) 400 50 1e3 750 0 None
Table 18. Three-Phase VI Measurement Block Properties
Voltage Set Current Set Output

Name Vpu Ipu
Measurement Label V Measurement Label I Type
Three-Phase V-I
phase-to-ground off off yes off off Complex
Measurement

R 3 1e5 inf Diodes 0.1 0 0.8 None
MOSFET /
VSC 3 1e5 inf 0.05 0 0 None
Diodes
Name Output Type

60
Source
Out
Var Of Output
Icon Bus Out Out Data Initial Used
Display Object Min Max Type Output By Blk
Sig Output Disabled
Str
Value
Port Inherit: Switch,
Out1 1 BusObject Inherit [] [] Dialog held []
number auto Dabc
Table 22. Sin Block Properties
Sine Time Sample

Name Amplitude Bias Frequency Phase Samples Offset
Type Source Time
Use
Sine Time [0 -1
simulation 1.15 0 100*pi 10 0 0
Wave based 1]*2*pi/3
time
Use
Sine Time [0 -1
simulation 1/6 0 3*100*pi 10 0 0
Wave1 based 1]*2*pi/3*3
time
Input Accum
DT Str
Inherit: Inherit:
All
Add rectangular ++ 1 off Inherit via [] [] Inherit via
dimensions
Appendix

Scope 7 , P,Q, Scope1, Scope2, Scope3, Dabc, pwm
Display 4 PF, P[W], Q[VAr], Vo[V], Io[A], cos(phi)
61
Selector 3 Selector, Selector1, Selector2
Mux 3 Mux, Mux2, Mux3
Universal Bridge (m) 2 R, VSC
Three-Phase Series RLC Load (m) 2 Load1, Load2
Three-Phase Series RLC Branch (m) 2 Cf, Lf
Three-Phase Breaker (m) 2 Three-Phase Breaker, Three-Phase Breaker1
Sin 2 Sine Wave, Sine Wave1
Goto 2 Goto, Goto1
From 2 From, From1
Fcn 2 Fcn, Fcn1
DC Voltage Source (m) 2 Vdc, Vdc1
Three-Phase VI Measurement (m) 1 Three-Phase V-I Measurement
Sum 1 Add
SubSystem 1 Signal gen.
Outport 1 Out1
Gain 1 Gain
Discrete RMS value (m) 1 Discrete RMS value
Discrete PWM Generator (m) 1 Discrete PWM Generator
Active & Reactive Power (m) 1 Active & Reactive Power

Sine Wave 100*pi
Sine Wave [0 -1 1]*2*pi/3
pi 3*100*pi
Sine Wave1
Sine Wave1 [0 -1 1]*2*pi/3*3
Table 26. Count: L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
Type Count Objects

Target 1 sfun
Machine 1 L6_PWM_inverter_3ph
62

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Ioan ȘERBAN

L1. Single-phase diode rectifier 1

L2. Buck converter 4

L3. Boost converter 7

L4. Buck-boost converter 10

L5. Single-phase PWM inverter 13

L6. Three-phase PWM inverter 16

Annexes. Details of the Simulink models 21

Annex 1. Details of the Simulink model for L1 22

Annex 2. Details of the Simulink model for L2 27

Annex 3. Details of the Simulink model for L3 34

Annex 4. Details of the Simulink model for L4 41

Annex 5. Details of the Simulink model for L5 48

Annex 6. Details of the Simulink model for L6 57

program, section of Renewable Energy Conversion, from the Faculty of Electrical

designing and modeling aspects of power electronics converters. The laboratory

manual closely follows the syllabus of the discipline “CAD/CAE in Power

Matlab/Simulink environment, to accomplish simulations in various operating

required laboratory tasks.

 AC input voltage/frequency: 230V/50Hz;

 Loads resistance: R1  100 , R2  200 ;

Fig. L1.1 – Electrical scheme of a single-phase diode rectifier

 Input voltage: Vi  [20  25]V ;

 Output voltage: Vo  10V ;

 Output power: Po  [10  100]W ;

 PWM signal switching frequency: f s  25kHz ;

 L-current ripple condition: I L  0.5 A ;

 Connection time of the switch K: t1  0.1s ;

Fig. L2.3 – Example of Simulink block diagram

 Input voltage: Vi  [12  18]V ;

 Output voltage: Vo  24V ;

 Output power: Po  [12  120]W ;

 PWM signal switching frequency: f s  25kHz ;

 L-current ripple condition: I L  0.5 A ;

 Connection time of the switch K: t1  0.1s ;

Fig. L3.3 – Example of Simulink block diagram

 Input voltage: Vi  [16  36]V ;

 Output voltage: Vo  24V ;

 Output power: Po  [12  120]W ;

 PWM signal switching frequency: f s  25kHz ;

 L-current ripple condition: I L  0.8 A ;

 Connection time of the switch K: t1  0.1s ;

Fig. L4.3 – Example of Simulink block diagram

 Input DC voltage: Vdc  400V ;

 Output AC voltage/frequency: Vo  230V / 50 Hz ;

 PWM signal switching frequency: f s  20kHz ;

 Filter inductance: L f  1mH ;

 Filter capacitance: C f  6.8F ;

 Load 1 (R): P1  1kW ;

 Connection time of the switches K1 and K2: t1  0.1s , t 2  0.15s ;

Fig. L5.3 – Example of Simulink block diagram

1. Model the converter using components from the Matlab/Simulink/SimPowerSystem library.

 Input DC voltage: Vdc  600V ;

 Output AC line-to-line voltage/frequency: Vo  400V / 50 Hz ;

 PWM signal switching frequency: f s  10kHz ;

 Filter inductance: L f  1mH ;

 Load 1 (R): P1  2kW ;

 Connection time of the switches K1 and K2: t1  0.1s , t 2  0.15s ;

Three-phase Vab* Vdc