Particleworks Tutorial

Tutorial
Release 6.0.0
Prometech Software, Inc.
Oct 25, 2016

Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Dam-Break 3
3 Multi-Fluid Flow 13
4 Resin Flow 19
5 Gear Oil Flow 27
6 Tank Sloshing 35
7 Multi-Fluid Mixing 41
8 Rigid Body 49
9 Conjugate Heat Transfer 55
10 Fresh Concrete 61
11 Spray 69
12 Planetary Mixer 75
13 Periodic Boundary Flow 81
14 Postprocessings 87
15 Turbulent Flow in T-pipe 97
i
ii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
This documentation consists of tutorials on essential topics such as basic simulation settings, preprocessing,
and postprocessing.
1.1 About Particleworks
Particleworks is a CFD software based on an advanced numerical method known as the Moving Particle
Simulation (MPS) method. The mesh-free nature of MPS allows for robust simulation of free-surface flows
at high resolutions, saving the need to generate meshes for the fluid domain. Since its first release in 2009,
Particleworks has been introduced to a wide range of industries.
1.2 External files
External files used in each tutorial can be found under the install folder > Samples folder.
1.3 See Also
• User Manual : Describes all the features available in Particleworks.

• Theory Manual : Describes physical models used in Particleworks. Refer to Theory Manual for
details of simulation parameters.
• Installation Guide : Covers installation-related topics as well as system requirements.
• Release Notes : Contains record of changes made to Particleworks, such as bug fixes and new features.
1.4 Copyright Notice
All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the
written permission of Prometech Software, Inc. Products that are referred to in this document may be either
trademarks and/or registered trademarks of the respective owners.
1
Tutorial, Release 6.0.0
2 Chapter 1. Introduction
CHAPTER 2
Dam-Break
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a dam-break as an example of incompressible flow with free-
surface. Camera operation is also described in this section.
Time required: 20 minutes
2.1 Simulation Model
The model consists of a vessel and a column of water. As the calculation progresses, water flows out to the
walls of the vessel. The initial setup is shown below.
Vessel
3
Water column
Physical properties
• Fluid : Water
• Density [kg/m3 ]: 1000
• Kinematic viscosity [m2 /s]: 1e-6
Simulation parameters
• Particle size [m]: 1
• Initial time interval [s]: 0.005
• End time [s]: 10
4 Chapter 2. Dam-Break
2.2 Create New Project
1. Click the New Project button .

2. In the New Project window, click the Next > button.
3. In the Project Name field, type dambreak .
4. In the Project Location , specify where the project will be saved.
5. Click the Finish button to close the window.
6. In the Projects window, double-click the scene node to open the scene.
2.3 Camera Operation
2.3.1 Mouse
The following operations are available when the mouse cursor is on the 3D view.
• Rotation : Drag (Left)
• Translation : Shift + Drag (Left)
• Zoom-in/Zoom-out : Ctrl + Drag (Left) or use mouse wheel
2.3.2 Buttons
The following operations are available using the buttons at the top of the scene window.
• : Zooms the view to the selected objects.
• : Aligns the view with the X axis to the negative direction.
• : Aligns the view with the X axis.
• : Aligns the view with the Y axis to the negative direction.
• : Aligns the view with the Y axis.
• : Aligns the view with the Z axis to the negative direction.
• : Aligns the view with the Z axis.
2.2. Create New Project 5

2.4 Import Geometry Files
1. Click the Start Wizard... button .

2. In the Wizard window, locate the Model section and click the Open... button.
3. In the file dialog, select geometry files to import (wall.obj , and water.obj ).
4. Click the Domain... button.
5. In the Adjust domain dialog, locate Margin field and type 20.
6. Click the OK button to set the simulation domain.
7. Additionally, make the vessel ( wall.obj ) transparent so that the interior water flow is visible.
• In the scene window, click the vessel. (Alternatively, in the Outline window, select the wall.obj
node.)
• In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.3.
• When deleting geometry files, right-click the node in the Outline window and select Delete .
2.5 Create Physical Properties
1. In the Wizard window, click the Next > button or click the Physical properties button in the
tool bar.
2. Click the Manage physical properties... button.
3. In the Physical property manager window, click the plus button + to add a new physical property.
4. Choose type Fluid from the popup menu.
5. Add another type Polygon .
6. Click the Save button to close the Physical property manager window.
7. In the Wizard window, locate the Physical property column, and click each cell to assign object’s
physical property as follows.
• water.obj : Fluid
• wall.obj : Polygon
The default values of Fluid and Polygon are equal to the initial setup of this simulation model. You can
always check those properties in the Physical property manager window.
2.6 Set Simulation Parameters
1. In the Wizard window, click the Next > button or click the Particle settings button .
2. Check Unit and Particle Settings .
3. Click the Next > button.
4. Check gravity setting and physics models.
The default values of simulation parameters and physical models are configured to carry out the dam-break
simulation. The following physics models are used in this tutorial.
Physics model
• Pressure : Implicit
• Viscosity : None
• Surface tension : None
2.6. Set Simulation Parameters 7

2.7 Run Simulation
1. Click the Execute button in the Wizard window. If the Wizard window is already closed, click the
Run... button .
2. In the Run... dialog, locate the Run section and select Preprocess & Simulation .
3. In the CPU cores field, type the number of CPU cores to use for the calculation.
4. In the Precision section, select the precision of the solver.
5. Click the Execute button to start the calculation.
6. When the calculation is completed, a notification pops up in the right-bottom corner of the main
window.
Note:
• The current scene is automatically saved when the calculation is launched.
• To run the calculation on GPU, specify a GPU in the Run... dialog.
• To run the preprocessor separately, see [Optional] Preprocess .
2.8 Visualize Result
To check the flow of the fluid particles, use the controls in the Player window.
1. In the Player window, click the Play forward button .
2. Click the Stop button to stop the animation.

3. Locate the current frame field next to the control buttons, and enter the frame number to jump to.
4. Press the LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to move around.
5. Use mouse wheel to change the number of frames in the Player window.
By default, particles are displayed as solid spheres. To visualize simulation data, apply color map to the
particles. Note that when color map is enabled, particles are colored based on the Field: (position, velocity,
pressure, etc...) currently set to the scene.
1. In the Color Map window, set Field to Velocity .
2. In the Range: section, set Min to 0 and Max to 30.
3. Select water particles in the scene window. Alternatively, in the Outline window, select the water
node (particle).
4. In the Object window, check Appearance > Use Color Map .
t = 1.0[s] t = 3.0[s]
2.9 Generate Surface
Surface generator converts particle points into 3D triangular meshes. This is typically used to visualize the
surface of fluid, or to get an attractive image of simulation result.
1. Click the Surface generator button .

2. In the Surface generator window, click the Execute button to start the calculation.
After the calculation has been completed, both the particles and the newly added surface are visible in the
scene. If the particles are no longer needed, hide the object as follows,
1. Select water particles in the scene window. Alternatively, in the Outline window, select the water
node (particle).
2. In the Object window, check Hide .
2.9. Generate Surface 9

2.10 [Optional] Preprocess
Through preprocessing, the software generates particles and a distance-function from imported models.
Although for most cases, preprocessing and simulation are performed at a time, each step can be launched
separately.
1. Click the Run... button . Alternatively, you can choose Simulation > Run... from the menu bar.
2. In the Run... window, select Preprocess in Run: section and Click the Next > button.
3. Uncheck Hide generated DF entries in Display: section and click Finish . The software starts
preprocessing immediately.
window.
5. In the scene window, the distance function generated from wall.obj and particles generated from
water.obj should be visible.
6. Uncheck in the Outline window to hide the distance function.
2.10. [Optional] Preprocess 11

CHAPTER 3
Multi-Fluid Flow
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a multi-fluid flow.
Physical properties
• Fluid
– Density [kg/m3 ]: 1000
– Kinematic viscosity [m2 /s]: 1e-6
• Fluid_1
13

• Particle size [mm]: 4
• End time [s]: 5
Inflow boundary conditions
• inflow (Fluid)
– Velocity [m/s]: 0.2
• inflow_1 (Fluid_1)
1. Click the New Project button

3. In the Project Name field, type multi-fluid_flow .
3.3 Add Objects
Geometry file
1. Click the Start wizard... button

3. In the file dialog, select a geometry file to import (pipe.stl ).
4. Click the Fit View button .

5. In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.5 to make the pipe transparent so that the interior
flow is visible.
Inflow
14 Chapter 3. Multi-Fluid Flow

1. In the Wizard window, locate the Inflow section and click the Circle button twice to create two
circular inflows.
2. In the Outline window, select the inflow node.
3. In the Object window, locate the Transform section and enter the following values:
• Location : (-150, 0, 0)
• Rotation [°]: (0, 90, 0)
• Width [mm]: 32
• Height [mm]: 32
4. In the Outline window, select the inflow_1 node.
• Location : (-132.58, 65, 0)
• Rotation [°]: (0, 90, -30)
• Width [mm]: 16
• Height [mm]: 16
Simulation domain
1. In the Outline window, select the domain node.
2. In the Object window, enter the following values:
• Domain > Upper limit : (150, 100, 50)
• Domain > Lower limit : (-150, -50, -50)
tool bar.
2. Click Manage Physical properties... button.
4. Choose type Fluid from the popup menu and use the default parameters.
5. Click the plus button + again to add Fluid_1, and edit the following parameters:
6. In the same manner, create type Polygon. Use the default parameters.
7. Click the Save button to close the Physical property manager window .
3.4. Create Physical Properties 15

physical property as follows:
• pipe.stl : Polygon
• inflow : Fluid
• inflow_1 : Fluid_1
3.5 Set Inflow Parameters
1. In the Outline window, select the two nodes: inflow and inflow_1 .
2. In the Physics window, locate the Details section and input the following values:
• Emit Mode : Velocity
• Emit Velocity [m/s]: 0.2
• Upper Limit [m3 ]: 0.01
1. In the Wizard window, click the Next > button or click the Particle settings button to check
Unit and Particle Settings .
2. Enter the following parameters, and then click the Next > button:
• Unit > Length : mm
• Particle Settings > Particle Size [mm]: 4
• Gravity [m/s2 ]: (0, 0, 0)
• Viscosity > Type : Explicit
• Surface Tension > Type : CSF
• Surface Tension > Target Physical Property : Fluid
4. No change has to be made on thermal settings. Click the Next > button.
5. Enter the following parameters:
• Time > Finish Time [s]: 5
• Time > Initial dt [s]: 0.001
• Output Settings > File Output Interval Time [s]: 0.1

3.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .
window.
Note:
Apply separate colors to Fluid and Fluid_1 to see how these two fluids flow in the pipe.
1. In the Outline window, select the inflow_1 node (particle) or click the particle group in the scene.
2. In the Object window, locate Appearance > Diffuse , and click the ... button .
3. Select an arbitrary color, then click the OK button to close the window.
4. In the Player window, click the Play forward button to play the animation.
t = 1 [s] t = 2 [s] t = 3 [s]
3.7. Run Simulation 17


CHAPTER 4
Resin Flow
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a resin flow in an L-pipe.
Physical properties
• Fluid : Non-Newtonian
• Viscosity model : Power law
19
• Particle size [mm]: 0.15

• Initial time interval [s]: 1e-5
• End time [s]: 0.12

3. In the Project Name field, type resin .
4.3 Create Objects
Import a L-pipe and add a circle emitter.

Geometry file
1. Click the Start wizard... button .

3. In the file dialog, choose a geometry file to import (duct.stl ).

5. In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.5 to make the L-pipe transparent so that the
interior flow is visible.
Inflow
1. In the Wizard window, locate the Inflow section and click the Circle button.
• Location : (0, 0, 0)
• Rotation [°]: (180, 0, 0)
• Width [mm]: 0.7
• Height [mm]: 0.7
20 Chapter 4. Resin Flow

Simulation domain
2. In the Object window, locate the Domain section and enter the following values:
• Upper Limit : (6, 0.65, 0)
• Lower Limit : (-0.65, -0.65, -3.65)
tool bar.
2. Click the Manage Physical properties... button.
4. Choose type Fluid from the popup menu and edit the following parameters:
• Specific Heat [J/(kgK)]: 1800
• Thermal Conductivity [W/(mK)] 0.18
• Non-Newtonian Fluid Settings : PowerLaw
• C1 : 2116667
• C2 : -0.683
• C3 : -0.018
6. In the Thermal Boundary combo box, select Isothermal .
• duct.stl : Polygon
• inflow : Fluid



• Upper Limit [m3 ]: 5e-7
• Initial Temperature [°C]: 300
4.6 Set Initial Temperature of Wall
1. In the scene window, click the L-pipe. (Alternatively, in the Outline window, select the duct.stl node.)
• Initial Temperature [°C]: 150
1. In the Wizard window, click the Next > button or click the Particle settings button to move on
to next the wizard step.
• Particle Settings > Particle Size [mm]: 0.15
• Viscosity > Type : Implicit
• Thermal > Type : Thermal
• Thermal > Shear Heating : Uncheck
• Time > Finish Time [s]: 0.12
• Time > Initial dt [s]: 1e-5
4.8 Run Simulation
Run... button .

window.
Note:

4. Use the LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to move around.
particles. Note that when color map is enabled, particles are colored based on the Field (position, velocity,
pressure, etc...) currently set to the scene. To check the temperature,
1. In the Color Map window, locate Field , and choose Temperature .
2. Type 280 as Min and 300 as Max in the Range: section.
3. In the Outline window, select the inflow node (particle).
4.9. Visualize Result 23

t = 0.04 [s] t = 0.08 [s]
4.10 Generate Grid
Grid generator converts particle points into 3D uniform grid cells. This is typically used to visualize the
distribution of physical quantities with path lines, cross sections, isolines and isosurfaces.
1. Click the Grid generator button in the tool bar.

2. In the Grid generator window, locate the Field section and check Temperature .
After the calculation has been completed, both the particles and the newly added grid are visible in the scene.
If the particles are no longer needed, hide the object as follows.

4.10. Generate Grid 25


CHAPTER 5
Gear Oil Flow
This tutorial demonstrates how to model oil splashing in a gearbox.
Physical properties
• Surface tension coefficient [N/m]: 0.025
• Contact angle [deg]: 60
27
• End time [s]: 2

3. In the Project Name field, type gear .
5.3 Create Objects
Geometry file

3. In the file dialog, select geometry files to import (gear.stl , and gear_box.stl ).

5. Additionally, make the gearbox ( gear_box.stl ) transparent so that the oil splash is visible.
• In the Outline window, select the gear_box.stl node.
Fill
1. In the Wizard window, click the Fill > Fill buttton.
2. In the Outline window, select the fill node.
• Location : (-60, 0, -20)
• Direction of Particle Creation : zLower
Simulation domain
28 Chapter 5. Gear Oil Flow

1. In the Wizard window, click the Domain... button.

tool bar.
5. Add another type Polygon . Use the default parameters.
6. Click the Interactions tab and expand Contact Angle [degree].
7. Set contact angle between Fluid and Polygon to 60.
• gear.stl : Polygon
• gear_box.stl : Polygon
• fill : Fluid

5.5 Create Animation
1. In the Outline window, select the gear.stl node.

2. In the Key Frames window, set Key to Rotation .
3. Set Interpolation to Axis rotation (vector) .
4. Set Type to Angular Velocity (rpm) .
5. Set Axis to (0, 1, 0) .
6. Click + to add a velocity at 0[s] .
7. In the Player window, move to 5 frame (0.5[s]) .
8. Click + to add a velocity at 0.5[s] .
9. Check the time of the added row is 0.5, then enter -400[rpm] as the value.
10. To preview the motion , click the Play forward button in the Player window.
Note: After running a simulation, click the Switch preview / result button in the Player
window to go back to the preview mode.

• Surface Tension > Type : Potential
4. No change has to be made for thermal settings. Click the Next > button.
5.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .
2. locate the Run section and select Preprocess & Simulation .
window.
Note:


1. In the Color Map window, locate Field , and choose Velocity .
3. In the Outline window, select the fill node (particle).
t = 0.5 [s] t = 1 [s]
5.9 Generate Surface
Surface generator converts particle points into 3D triangular meshes. This is typically used to visualize the
surface of fluid, or to get an attractive image of simulation result.
1. Click the Surface generator button .

After the calculation has been completed, both the particles and the newly added surface are visible in the
scene. If the particles are no longer needed, hide the object as follows.

1. In the Outline window, select the fill node (particle).

5.9. Generate Surface 33


CHAPTER 6
Tank Sloshing
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a tank sloshing, setting up a tank half-filled with water and apply
an oscillatory motion to it.
Required time: 20 minutes
Tank
35
The tank moves along with the x-axis.
unit: [mm]
Physical properties
• Fluid : Water
• Volume [m3 ]: 0.03
• End time [s]: 6

36 Chapter 6. Tank Sloshing

3. In the Project Name field, type tank_sloshing .

6.3 Create Objects
Geometry files

3. In the file dialog, select geometry files to import (tank.stl , and tank_water.stl ).

5. In the scene window, click the vessel. (Alternatively, in the Outline window, select the tank.stl node.)
6. In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.3.
Simulation domain
1. Click the Next > button or click the Physical properties button in the tool bar.
2. In the Wizard window, click the Manage Physical properties... button.
3. In the Physical property manager window, click the plus + button to add a new physical property.
7. In the Wizard window, locate the Physical property column, and click its cells to assign physical
property to each object as follows.
• tank.stl : Polygon
• tank_water.stl : Fluid
6.3. Create Objects 37

6.5 Set Maximum Volume
1. In the Outline window, select the tank_water.stl node.

2. In the Physics window, enter the following parameters:
• Volume Limit : Check
• Maximum Volume [m3 ]: 0.03
• Direction : zUpper
1. In the Outline window, select the tank.stl node.

2. In the Key Frames window, set Key: to Location.x .
3. Click the Switch keyframe/script button to switch the input mode from key frame to scripting.
4. Enter the following text into the text area (press Ctrl V to paste from the clipboard):
function getValue(t)
{
if ( t<4.0)
return -100*Math.PI*Math.sin(0.5*Math.PI*t);
else
return 0;
}
5. On the bottom left of the window, message ( OK / Error ) appears depending on whether or not the
text has been set successfully when the focus has moved from the text area.
7. Drag domain onto tank.stl to set its parent. Alternatively, in the Object window, set Transform >
Parent to tank.stl.
8. To preview the motion, click the Play forward button in the Player window.
1. Click the Next > button or click the Particle settings button to move on to next the wizard step.

2. Enter the following parameters, and then click the Next > button .
• Particle Settings > Auto Grid Interval : Uncheck
• Particle Settings > Grid Interval [mm]: 10
3. Enter the following parameters, and then click the Next > button .
4. No change has to be made for thermal parameters. Click the Next > button .
6.8 Run Simulation
Run... button .


window.
Note:

4. Use the LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to move around.
1. Locate Color Map > Field , and choose Velocity .
2. In Range: section, set Min to 0, and Max to 5.
3. In the Outline window, select the tank_water node (particle).
t = 0.5 [s] t = 2.5 [s]

CHAPTER 7
Multi-Fluid Mixing
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a mixing of multi-fluids.
Time required: 20minutes
Physical properties
• Fluid
– Kinematic viscosity [m2 /s]: 0.01
• Fluid_1 (inflow)
41
Blade’s rotation
Time[s] Rotational speed [rpm]
0.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.5 20
1. Click the New Project button

3. In the Project Name field, type multi-fluid_mixing .
4. In the Project Location, specify where the project will be saved.
7.3 Create Objects
Geometry files
1. Click the Start wizard... button

3. In the file dialog, select the following geometry files to import:
• case1.stl
• stir.stl
• fluid2.stl

5. In the Outline window, select the case1.stl node.
6. In the Objects window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.5 to make the vessel transparent so that the
interior liquid flow is visible.
42 Chapter 7. Multi-Fluid Mixing

Inflow
1. In the Wizard window, locate the Inflow section and click the Circle... button to create a circular
inflow.
• Location : (150, 150, 150)
• Rotation [°]: (180, 0, 0)
• Width [mm]: 100
• Height [mm]: 100
Simulation domain
• Upper limit : (310, 310, 300)
• Lower limit : (-310, -310, -310)
tool bar.
5. Edit the following parameters of Fluid :
• Kinematic viscosity [m2 /s]: 0.01
6. Click the plus button + again.
7. Choose type Fluid from the popup menu and edit the following parameters of Fluid_1 :
8. In the same manner, create type Polygon. Use the default parameters.
physical property as follows.

• case1.stl : Polygon
• stir.stl : Polygon
• fluid2.stl : Fluid
• inflow : Fluid_1

2. In the Physics window, locate the Details section and input the following parameters:
• Emit Velocity [m/s]: 1
1. In the Outline window, select the stir.stl node.

5. Set Axis to (0, 0, 1) .
11. Check the time of the added row is 2.5, then enter 20[rpm] as the value.

1. Click the Next > button or click the Particle settings button to check Unit and Particle Settings
.
4. No change has to be made on thermal parameters. Click the Next > button.
7.8 Run Simulation
Run... button .

window.
Note:
Apply a color to the inflow in order to visualize the result of mixing.

3. Select a color, then click the OK button to close the window.
t = 1 [s] t = 4 [s]
1. In the Color Map window, set Field to Velocity .

2. In the Range: section, set Min to 0 and Max to 2.5.

3. In the Outline window, select the two nodes: fluid2 (particle) and inflow (particle).


CHAPTER 8
Rigid Body
This tutorial demonstrates how to model fluid-rigid body interactions.
Physical properties
• Fluid
• Solid_1
49
• Solid_2

3. In the Project Name field, type rigid_body .
8.3 Create Objects
Geometry files

• box.stl
• box2.stl
• pool.stl

5. In the Outline window, select the pool.stl node.
6. In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.3 to make the it transparent so that the interior
liquid flow is visible.
Inflow
50 Chapter 8. Rigid Body

1. In the Wizard window, click the Inflow > Rectangle button.

• Location : (350, 0, 0)
• Rotation : (180, 0, 0)
• Width : 100
• Height : 100
Fill
1. In the Wizard window, click the Fill > Fill buttton.
2. In the Outline window, select the fill node.
• Location : (0, 0, -350)
• Direction of Particle Creation : zLower
Simulation domain
1. Click the Domain... button.
1. Click the Next > button, or click the Physical properties button in the tool bar.
2. In the Wizard window, click the Manage physical properties... button.
5. Click + to add another type Polygon .
6. Click + to add another type Solid .
7. Set Solid ‘s Density [kg/m3 ] to 20 .
8. Click + to add another type Solid .
9. Set Solid_1 ‘s Density [kg/m3 ] to 50 .
• box.stl : Solid
• box2.stl : Solid_1

• pool.stl : Polygon
• inflow : Fluid
• fill : Fluid

2. In the Physics window, locate the Details section and input the following parameters:
• Upper Limit [m^3]: 1
• Particle Settings > Particle size [mm]: 20

8.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .
window.
Note:
Apply separate colors to the rigid objects.

1. In the Outline window, select the box node (particle) or click the particle group in the scene.
2. In the Object window, locate Appearance > Diffuse and click the ... button .
3. Select an arbitrary color in the Diffuse window and click the OK button.
4. Repeat the same procedure for the box2 .

t = 1 [s] t = 3 [s]

CHAPTER 9
Conjugate Heat Transfer
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a mold-cooling.
Physical properties
• Fluid
– Specific heat [J/kgK]: 4200
– Thermal conductivity [W/mK]: 0.6
55
– Initial temperature [°C]: 20

• Mold
– Specific heat [J/kgK]: 2000
– Thermal conductivity [W/mK]: 230
– Initial temperature [°C]: 300

3. In the Project Name field, type conjugate_heat_transfer .
9.3 Create Objects
Geometry files

3. In the file dialog, select a geometry file to import (cht.stl ).
Inflow
1. In the Wizard window, click the Inflow > Circle button.
• Location : (0, 0, 50)
• Rotation [°]: (180, 0, 0)
56 Chapter 9. Conjugate Heat Transfer

• Width [mm]: 40
• Height [mm]: 40
Simulation domain
2. In the Object window enter the following values:
• Domain > Upper Limit : (300, 200, 100)
• Domain > Lower Limit : (-300, -200, -150)
1. In the Wizard window, click the Next > button, or click the Physical properties button in the
tool bar.
5. Add another type Solid .
• Specific heat [J/kgK]: 2000
• Thermal conductivity [W/mK]: 230
• Thermal Boundary : Calc
7. Click the Interactions tab.
8. Expand Control Parameter f*lambda .
9. Set the value between Fluid and Solid to 200.
property to each object as follows:
• cht.stl : Solid
• inflow : Fluid


2. In the Physics window, locate the Details section and enter the following values:
• Spray Angle [°]: 90
9.6 Set Particle Wall Parameters
1. In the Outline window, select the cht.stl node.

2. In the Physics window, set Details > Type to static .
9.7 Set Initial Temperatures

2. In the Physics window, set Details > Initial Temperature [°C] to 20.

3. In the same manner, set the initial temperature of cht.stl to 300.
1. In the Wizard window, click the Next > button, or click the Particle settings button to check
• Thermal > Type : Thermal
9.9 Run Simulation
Run... button .
window.
Note:

1. In the Color Map window, locate Field , and choose Temperature .
3. In the Outline window, select the two nodes: cht (particle) and inflow (particle).
t = 0.05 [s] t = 0.15 [s]

CHAPTER 10
Fresh Concrete
This tutorial demonstrates how to model fresh concrete in L-type flow test device.
L-type flow box
61
Unit: mm
Physical properties
• Fluid : Non-Newtonian
• Viscosity model : Bingham model

3. In the Project Name field, type fresh_concrete_flow .
10.3 Create Objects
Geometry files
62 Chapter 10. Fresh Concrete


3. In the file dialog, choose geometry files to import (Lfluid.obj , and Lflow.obj ).

5. Additionally, make the L-type vessel ( Lflow.obj ) transparent so that the interior particles are visible.
• In the Outline window, select the Lflow.obj node.
Simulation domain
2. In the Adjust domain dialog, click the OK button to set the simulation domain.
tool bar.
• Kinematic Viscosity [m2 /s]: 0
• Non-Newtonian Fluid Settings : Bingham
• Yield [N/m2 ]: 100
• Plastic Viscosity [Pa·s]: 200
• Yield Point : 0.2
7. In the Wizard window, locate the Physical property column, and click each cells to assign object’s
• Lflow.obj : Polygon
• Lfluid.obj : Fluid

Note: Set to zero when using non-Newtonian fluid. Viscosity by non-Newtoninan model is added to
viscosity specified here.
2. Enter the following parameters, and then click the Next > button :
3. Enter the following parameters, and then click the Next > button :
4. No change has to be made on thermal parameters. Click the Next > button .


• In the Output Data section, check following options:
– Kinematic Viscosity
– Absolute Velocity Gradient
10.6 Run Simulation
Run... button .
window.
Note:
Check the front position of the fluid using the ruler function.
1. In the Outline window, select the ruler node.
2. In the Object window, uncheck Hide .
3. Set Appearance > Tick Interval to 100.
4. Set the ruler in X-axis direction. Locate the Ruler section and enter the following values:
• Axis : X
• Visible : Check
• Use Auto Bounds : Uncheck
• Bound Min (X) : 0

• Bound Max (X) : 500

5. Hide the ruler in Y-axis direction. Locate the Ruler section and enter the following values:
• Axis : Y
• Visible : Uncheck
6. Set the ruler in Z-axis direction. Locate the Ruler section and enter the following values:
• Axis : Z
• Visible : Check
• Use Auto Bounds : Uncheck
• Bound Min (Z) : 0
• Bound Max (Z) : 100
Tip position of particles at 5 sec
Use color map to check the effect of increasing kinematic viscosity on the flow of the fluid.
1. In the Color Map window, locate Field , and choose Kinematic Viscosity .
2. Type 0 as Min and 0.3 as Max in the Range: section.
3. In the Outline window, select the Lfluid node (particle).

t = 2 [s] t = 4 [s]


CHAPTER 11
Spray
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a spray in airflow.
Physical properties
• Fluid : Water
69

• Particle size [mm]: 1.5
• Initial time interval [s]: 2.5e-5

3. In the Project Name field, type nozzle_airflow .
11.3 Create Objects
Geometry files

3. In the file dialog, choose a geometry file to import (nozzle2.stl ).
4. In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.5 to make the nozzle transparent so that the
interior flow is visible.
Inflow
• Location : (0, 0, 50)
• Rotation [°]: (180, 0, 0)
• Width [mm]: 10
• Height [mm]: 10
Airflow data
70 Chapter 11. Spray

1. Extract a ZIP file (sample_list.zip ).

2. In the Wizard window, locate the Miscellaneous section and click the Air button.
3. In the file dialog, open the extracted folder and choose an airflow data file ( sample_list.csv ).
4. Parameters for airflow calculation can be specified in the Physics window. Use the default values
here.
Note:
• Airflow data points are displayed as spheres. To make the points larger, select air node in the Outline
window, then set Scale to a larger value (for example, 5).
• After simulation has completed, you can display the velocity at each airflow point as an arrow. Set
Scale to 1, then set Mode to Vector .
• Refer to the user manual to create an airflow data.
Simulation domain
• Upper limit : (50, 50, 60)
• Lower limit : (-50, -50, -200)
tool bar.
4. Choose type Fluid from the popup menu. Use the default parameters.
• nozzle2.stl : Polygon
• inflow : Fluid


• Particle Settings > Particle Size [mm]: 1.5
• Time > Initial dt [s]: 2.5e-5
11.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .


window.
Note:
Note: The simulation ends at about 0.749[s], printing Simulation failed in the log. This is because all the
particles in the scene moved out of the simulation domain.
To check the velocity of the fluid particles, use the color map function.
4. In the Object window, locate Appearance > Mode , and choose Vector .
5. Check Appearance > Use Color Map .

t = 0.05 [s] t = 0.15 [s]

CHAPTER 12
Planetary Mixer
This tutorial demonstrates how to model a planetary mixer.
Physical properties
• Fluid (Lower)
• Fluid_1 (Upper)
• Particle size [m]: 0.03
75

3. In the Project Name field, type planetary_mixer .
12.3 Create Objects
Geometry objects

• blade_twist.obj
• case.obj
• fluid1.stl
• fluid2.stl

5. In the Outline window, select the case.obj node.
6. In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.3 so that the interior liquid flow is visible.
Simulation domain
76 Chapter 12. Planetary Mixer

tool bar.
3. Click the plus button + to add the following physical properties.
• Fluid x2
• Polygon
4. Edit the following parameter of Fluid :
5. Edit the following parameter of Fluid_1 :
property to each objects as follows:
• blade_twists.obj :Polygon
• case.obj : Polygon
• fluid1.stl : Fluid
• fluid2.stl : Fluid_1
Parent
1. In the Outline window, right-click on blank area to open popup menu, and select Add empty group.
2. Select group .
6. Set Axis to (0, 0, 1) .

10. Enter 6[rpm] as the value.
Blade motion
1. In the Outline window, select the blade_twist.obj node.
2. Drag blade_twist.obj onto group to set its parent. Alternatively, in the Object window, set Trans-
form > Parent to group.
3. In the Object window, set Center of Motion to (0.15, 0.0, 0.0).
7. Set Axis to (0, 0, 1) .
11. Enter 6[rpm] as the value.
12. To preview the animation, click the Play forward button in the Player window.

1. Click the Next > button or click the Particle settings button to check Unit and Particle Settings
.
• Particle Settings > Particle Size [m]: 0.03
12.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .
window.
Note:
• To run the preprocessor separately, see [[en:tutorials:dambreak#Preprocess]] section.

1. In the Outline window, select the fluid1 node (particle) or click the particle group in the scene.
3. Choose an arbitrary color and click the OK button to close the dialog.

t = 5 [s] t = 10 [s]

CHAPTER 13
Periodic Boundary Flow
This tutorial demonstrates how to model flow around a cylinder approximately by using periodic boundary
condition.
Conventional simulation Periodic boundary simulation
Physical properties
• End time [s]: 5

81
3. In the Project Name field, type flow_around_pole .

13.3 Create Objects
Geometry files

3. In the file dialog, select geometry files to import (gutter_PBC.stl , and water_PBC.stl ).

5. Additionally, make the vessel ( gutter_PBC.stl ) transparent so that the interior flow is visible:
• In the Outline window, select the gutter_PBC.stl node.
Inflow
1. In the Wizard window, locate the Inflow section and click the Rectangle button.
• Location : (40, 105, 0)
• Rotation [°]: (0, 90, 0)
• Width [mm]: 130
Simulation domain
• Upper Limit : (2990.5, 600, 75)
• Lower Limit : (-10, -100, -75)
3. In the Physics window, set Boundary Condition (Z) to Periodic .
82 Chapter 13. Periodic Boundary Flow

tool bar.
• gutter_PBC.stl : Polygon
• water_PBC.stl : Fluid
• inflow : Fluid

• Upper Limit [m3 ]: 5
• Thickness : 3

• Gravity > Gravity [m/s2 ]: (0, -9.8, 0)
6. Click button in the upper right of the scene window and enter the following parameters:
• options > Radius(Viscosity) : 2.1
• options > Radius(Pressure) : 2.1
• options > Radius(Surface Detection) : 2.1
7. Click button to show the 3D view.
13.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .
window.
Note:
• This tutorial is intended to be run using the CPU solver.

Show velocities as color map and play the result animation.

2. Type 0.6 as Min and 1.5 as Max in the Range: section.
3. In the Outline window, select the two nodes: inflow (particle) and water_PBC (particle).
t = 1 [s] t = 2 [s]


CHAPTER 14
Postprocessings
This tutorial demonstrates how to use postprocessings.
Run the simulation and postprocessings to analyze the behavior of high viscosity fluid.
Physical properties
87
• End time [s]: 2
• Volumetric flow rate [m3 /s]: 5e-4

3. In the Project Name field, type postprocessing .
14.3 Import Geometry Files
Geometry file
1. Click the Start Wizard... button

3. In the file dialog, select a geometry file to import (board.stl ).
Inflow
• Location : (-240, 0, 25)
• Rotation [°]: (90, 0, 90)
• Width [mm]: 30
• Height [mm]: 30
Simulation domain
88 Chapter 14. Postprocessings


tool bar.
• board.stl : Polygon
• inflow : Fluid

• Emit Mode : Volumetric flow rate
• Emit Rate [m 3 /s]: 5e-4

• Gravity [m/s2 ]: (6.93435, 0, -6.93435) (board is tilted at a 45 degrees angle.)
• Pressure > Mode : Div. Free
• Surface Tension > Type : Potential
4. No change has to be made for thermal settings. Click the Next > button.
• Output Settings > File Output Interval Time [s]: 5e-2
14.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .
2. locate the Run section and select Preprocess & Simulation .
window.
Note:


t = 1.0 [s] t = 2.0 [s]
14.9 Surface Generator
Several postprocessings are available in Particleworks. This section describes the surface generator.
1. Click the Surface generator button in the tool bar.

Uncheck the inflow node (particle) in the Outline window to hide the particles and to only show the surface.
14.9. Surface Generator 91

14.10 Mapping
Mapping maps physical quantities of particles on polygons.
1. Click the Mapping button in the tool bar.

2. In the Mapping window, locate the Settings > Model and choose board.stl .
3. In the Settings section, check Enable CSV Output .
Uncheck the board.stl node in the Outline window to hide the polygon and to only show the mapping
result.
Color map can also be applied to mapping results. Show number densities to visualize the coated part of the
polygon by particles.
1. In the Outline window, select the mapping node.
2. In the Color Map window, locate Field , and choose Number Density .

Note: Polygons used for mapping must be finely divided because physical quantities are mapped on the
vertices of the polygons.
Calculation of Coating Rate

1. Open the output CSV file. The CSV file is created in mapping\mapping in the scene folder.
2. The COUNTIF function of Excel can be used for count the number of vertices that number densities
are greater than zero.
• COUNTIF(K:K, “>0”) : Number of coated vertices
• COUNT(K:K) : Total number of vertices
3. The coating rate of the polygon can be calculated by these values.
14.11 Region Probe
Region probe estimates minimum, maximum, and mean values for physical quantities for any specified
domain. The output format is CSV.
1. Click the Probe button in the tool bar.
14.11. Region Probe 93

2. In the Probe window, locate the Settings > Mode and choose Region .
3. In the Region section, click Add to add a probe region.
4. Select the added probe_region . In the Object window, locate the Probe region section and type (20,
500, 200) as Box Size .
5. The probe object can be hidden by unchecking probe_region in the table.
Calculation of Film Thickness
1. Open the output CSV file. The CSV file is created in probe\probe in the scene folder.
2. The maximum value of the particle (Position_z_max) is corresponding to the film thickness at the
specified domain.
14.12 Grid Generator
Distribution maps of physical quantities at arbitrary cross-sections can be generated using the postprocess
of grid generator. In this section, the pressure distribution near the inflow is visualized.

2. In the Grid generator window, locate the Field section and check Pressure .
4. In the Color Map window, locate Field , and choose Pressure .
6. In the Outline window, select the grid node.
7. In the Object window, locate the Appearance section and uncheck X Plane and Z Plane .
Note: Choose Field > Pressure in the Color Map window if the grid is not displayed.

14.13 Flow Measurement
A flow rate at an arbitrary cross-section can be measured using the postprocess.
1. Click the Flow Rate button in the tool bar.
2. In the Flow Rate window, click Settings > Model > .

3. In the file dialog, select a geometry file for flow measurement (measurement_plane.stl ).
4. In the Settings section, type 100 as Measuring Range .
6. Open the output CSV file. The CSV file is created in flowrate\flowRate in the scene folder.
7. The flow rate is calculated as follows.
14.13. Flow Measurement 95

• The number of particles passing the cross-section per unit time [particles/sec] × A particle vol-
ume (125 (= 5 3 ) [mm]
Note: There is a possibility that the flow rate is not measured correctly if Measuring Range is too small.

CHAPTER 15
Turbulent Flow in T-pipe
This tutorial demonstrates how to model turbulent flow in T-pipe.
Physical properties
• Fluid
• End time [s]: 1
• inflow (Fluid)
• inflow_1 (Fluid_1)
97

3. In the Project Name field, type T-pipe .
15.3 Create Objects
Geometry file

3. In the file dialog, select a geometry file to import (tpipe.stl ).

5. In the Object window, set Appearance > Alpha to 0.5 to make the pipe transparent so that the interior
flow is visible.
Inflow
1. In the Wizard window, locate the Inflow section and click the Circle button twice to create two
circular inflows.
• Location : (0, 0, 0)
• Rotation [°]: (0, 90, 0)
• Width [mm]: 140
• Location : (300, 0, -200)
• Rotation [°]: (0, 0, 0)
98 Chapter 15. Turbulent Flow in T-pipe

• Width [mm]: 50
• Height [mm]: 50
Simulation domain
2. In the Object window, enter the following values:
• Domain > Upper limit : (1050, 80, 80)
• Domain > Lower limit : (0, -80, -200)
tool bar.
2. Click Manage Physical properties... button.
• tpipe.stl : Polygon
• inflow : Fluid
• inflow_1 : Fluid


• Gravity [m/s2 ]: (0, 0, -9.81)
• Pressure > Mode : Stabilized
• Turbulence > Type : Turbulence
• Turbulence > Target Physical Property : Fluid
4. No change has to be made on thermal settings. Click the Next > button.
• Output Data > Kinematic Viscosity[m^2/s] [s]: on
15.7 Run Simulation
Run... button .
window.
Note:
100 Chapter 15. Turbulent Flow in T-pipe


Use color map to see how velocities and kinematic viscosities fluctuate by turbulence effect in the junction.

2. In the Grid generator window, locate the Field section and check Velocity and KinematicViscosity
.
3. Type (256, 32, 64) as Grid Resolution in the Settings section.
Show velocities as color map and play the result animation.

t = 0.6 [s] t = 0.8 [s] t = 1.0 [s]
Show kinematic viscosities as color map and play the result animation.
1. In the Color Map window, locate Field , and choose Kinematic Viscosity .
2. Type 0 as Min and 2e-4 as Max in the Range: section.

t = 0.6 [s] t = 0.8 [s] t = 1.0 [s]

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Prometech Software, Inc.

Oct 25, 2016

5 Gear Oil Flow 27

9 Conjugate Heat Transfer 55

13 Periodic Boundary Flow 81

15 Turbulent Flow in T-pipe 97

1.1 About Particleworks

1.2 External files

1.3 See Also

• User Manual : Describes all the features available in Particleworks.

1.4 Copyright Notice

Time required: 20 minutes

2.1 Simulation Model

2.2 Create New Project

1. Click the New Project button .

2.3 Camera Operation

• : Zooms the view to the selected objects.

• : Aligns the view with the X axis to the negative direction.

• : Aligns the view with the X axis.

• : Aligns the view with the Y axis to the negative direction.

• : Aligns the view with the Y axis.

• : Aligns the view with the Z axis to the negative direction.

• : Aligns the view with the Z axis.

2.2. Create New Project 5

2.4 Import Geometry Files

1. Click the Start Wizard... button .

2.5 Create Physical Properties

2.6 Set Simulation Parameters

2.6. Set Simulation Parameters 7

2.7 Run Simulation

2.8 Visualize Result

1. In the Player window, click the Play forward button .

2. Click the Stop button to stop the animation.

2.9 Generate Surface

1. Click the Surface generator button .

2.9. Generate Surface 9

2.10 [Optional] Preprocess

6. Uncheck in the Outline window to hide the distance function.

2.10. [Optional] Preprocess 11

This tutorial demonstrates how to model a multi-fluid flow.

Time required: 15 minutes

3.1 Simulation Model

– Kinematic viscosity [m2 /s]: 1e-4

3.2 Create New Project

1. Click the New Project button

3.3 Add Objects

1. Click the Start wizard... button

4. Click the Fit View button .

14 Chapter 3. Multi-Fluid Flow

3.4 Create Physical Properties

3.4. Create Physical Properties 15

3.5 Set Inflow Parameters

3.6 Set Simulation Parameters

16 Chapter 3. Multi-Fluid Flow

3.7 Run Simulation

3.8 Visualize Result

3.7. Run Simulation 17

18 Chapter 3. Multi-Fluid Flow

This tutorial demonstrates how to model a resin flow in an L-pipe.