Chapter Iii

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CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This chapter presents the materials and methods that will be used to get the data needed
for the study. It includes the research plan, the location of the study, the research tool, the
experimental methods, and the statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
Factorial research design is being utilized in this study. This type of design involves
manipulating two or more independent variables at all possible combinations to analyze their
individual and combined effects on the dependent variable (Cherry, 2017). Additionally, a
factorial design uses two or more factors in a way that employs all possible combinations of
selected values for each variable (Soni, 2022). By using the factorial design, all the combinations
of these independent variables will be examined to analyze the effects on the dependent variable
which is the compressive strength and durability of the hollow blocks. This design provides a
comprehensive perspective on the impact of different ratios of rubber, shell, and tin can wastes
on the final result of the hollow blocks.
Locale of the Study
This study will be conducted in Barangay 29, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte. The researchers
will gather the materials needed from different sources. The rubber wastes were collected from a
vulcanizing shop in Laoag City. The shell wastes were collected from Kamalig Grill and
Restaurant, Yamashita Restaurant, and Above Sea Level Restaurant. Used tin cans were
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collected from local junk shops and households in Laoag City. The compressive strength and
durability tests will be conducted at the CIT MMSU (College of Industrial and Technology,
Mariano Marcos State University) in Laoag City.
Research Instrument
The process of data collection will entail the utilization of observation as a research tool.
The approach involves the systematic observation and documentation of events or behaviors to
gather data. The research uses the method of observation to gather data from observation on the
different ratios of the hollow blocks produced using the additives of rubber, shell, and tin can
wastes. The objective is to evaluate the value of using these additives in the production of hollow
blocks by conducting a durability test through an observation sheet.
Experimental Procedure
Materials
• Cement • Rubber wastes
• Sand • Shell wastes
• Water • Tin Can wastes
Methods
1. Gathering and Cleaning of Materials
Rubber, Shells, and Tin Can wastes were collected from various locations in
Laoag City.
2. Pulverize the Rubber, Shell, and Tin Can Wastes

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The rubber and tin can wastes were cut into small pieces using scissors while
observing safety precautions such as the utilization of protective gear like gloves and
goggles. The shells were pulverized using a pulverized machine.
3. Preparing Treatments
The amount of rubber, shell, and tin can wastes was weighed and proportioned.
a. Treatment 1. The cement weighed 1.5 kg, 6 kg of sand, 0.25 kg of
rubber, 0.50 kg of shell, and 0.125 kg of tin can.
b. Treatment 2. The cement weighed 1.5 kg, 6 kg of sand, 0.50 kg of
rubber, 0.25 kg of shell, and 0.125 kg of tin can.
4. Mixing of Materials
The cement and sand were mixed using a garden shovel and designated water.
Then, after having a sticky mixture, the designated measurement of crushed rubber, shell,
and tin can was poured and mixed well in order to have good concrete hollow blocks.
5. Molding the Mixture of the Materials
The prepared treatments were poured onto the hollow blocks molder, then the
concrete aggregates compacted into the molder to mold concrete hollow blocks.
6. Curing the Products
Curing the product starts by watering using a sprinkler every day in 7 days, to
attain the curing period of cement. It is to see if it is able to attain the standards in less
than the average amount of time.
7. Testing the Products
The researchers requested help from MMSU CIT to conduct the compressive
strength testing. The researchers will bring a total of nine (9) hollow blocks, which
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include three samples of commercial hollow blocks, three samples of treatment 1, and
three samples of treatment 2. The researchers are going to acquire a total of nine (9)
hollow blocks, which include three samples of commercial hollow blocks, three samples
of treatment 1, and three samples of treatment 2. The samples will be tested to a series of
three compressive strength laboratory tests in order to identify any differences between
them. The durability of the product will be determined by means of a drop test. A
durability assessment will be conducted using an evaluation sheet.
Statistical Treatment of the Data
The data will be analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), which will be used to
determine significant differences between the means of the three groups. Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) is a statistical formula used to compare variances across the means (or average) of
different groups. A range of scenarios is used to determine if there is any difference between the
means of different groups. ANOVA helps us compare the properties of hollow blocks made with
different types of additives which are rubber, shell, and tin can wastes. It guides us to test
whether the differences in hollow block properties among the additive groups are statistically
significant or simply due to chance. ANOVA also lets us do more analyses to look for specific
changes between the additive groups. By using ANOVA, we can figure out how rubber, shell,
and tin can wastes affect the qualities of hollow blocks and draw conclusions from the data.

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1

MATERIALS AND METHODS

experimental methods, and the statistical treatment of the data.

on the final result of the hollow blocks.

Locale of the Study

Mariano Marcos State University) in Laoag City.

blocks by conducting a durability test through an observation sheet.

• Cement • Rubber wastes

• Sand • Shell wastes

• Water • Tin Can wastes

1. Gathering and Cleaning of Materials

2. Pulverize the Rubber, Shell, and Tin Can Wastes

goggles. The shells were pulverized using a pulverized machine.

a. Treatment 1. The cement weighed 1.5 kg, 6 kg of sand, 0.25 kg of

rubber, 0.50 kg of shell, and 0.125 kg of tin can.

b. Treatment 2. The cement weighed 1.5 kg, 6 kg of sand, 0.50 kg of

rubber, 0.25 kg of shell, and 0.125 kg of tin can.

5. Molding the Mixture of the Materials

6. Curing the Products

than the average amount of time.

7. Testing the Products

durability assessment will be conducted using an evaluation sheet.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

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