Computer Networks Lab Manual

SMI UNIVERSITY Computer Science Department
Department of Computer Science
Lab Manual for
Computer Communication & Networks: CEN-303 (3+1)
B.S (CS)
Semester:
Spring 2023
]Course Coordinator:
Dr. Haque Nawaz Lashari
Lab Instructor
Mr. Asif Khan

Preface
Table of Content
Lab No. Objective Page No
1 To learn how to make a crossover cable and
straight through cable connector.
To learn how to establish connection and
2 communication between two PCs.
3 To learn and understand the concept of IP
address and subnet mask.
4 To learn how to access operating system of a
switch.
5 To learn how to configure operating system of
a switch.
6 To learn how to access router.
To learn how to configure a router.
7
To learn how to create static routing between
8 two networks.
To learn how to create static route using more
9 than two Hop.
To learn how to create dynamic routing using
10 R.I.P.
CERTIFICATE
Department of Computer Science
Computer Communication & Networks (CEN303)
This is to certify that Mr/Ms. ______________________________ So/Do

_____________________ having Roll No. ____________________ has successfully
completed Laboratory work during Fall Semester Spring 2023.
Course Supervisor:
Dr. Haque Nawaz Lashari
Signature: Signature:
Student’s ID: Laboratory Exercise No: 1 Student’s Name:
Objective:
To learn how to make a crossover cable and straight through cable connector.
Required Tools / Equipment:

➢ RJ45 connector
➢ Crimper Tool
➢ Twisted Pair cable
➢ Cutter
Procedure:
Making of Straight cable:
➢ At both connectors, straight through cable have same color coding.

➢ Color coding for straight through cable is
1. Green White
2. Green
3. Orange White
4. Blue
5. Blue White
6. Orange
7. Brown White
8. Brown
➢ By using this color coding grab all the wires together and with the help of cutters, cut
the upper portion of wires
➢ Insert the wire in RJ45 Connector and press the connector by using Crimper Tool in
the end.
pg. 1
Making of Crossover cable
➢ Crossover Cable has different color coding at both connectors.

➢ Color coding for Crossover cable is:
Connector 1 Connector 2
1. Green White 1. Orange White

2. Green 2. Orange
3. Orange White 3. Green White
4. Blue 4. Blue
5. Blue White 5. Blue White
6. Orange 6. Green
7. Brown White 7. Brown White
8. Brown 8. Brown
By using this color coding grab all the wires together and cut the upper portion of wires by
using cutter.
Insert the wire in RJ45 Connector and press the connector by using Crimper Tool.
Result:
A Connector was successfully connected to Crossover and Straight-through cable.
LAB TASK: Students will make straight and cross cable themselves.
pg. 2
Objective:
To learn how to establish connection and communication between two PCs.

➢ Cisco Packet Tracer
➢ PCs
➢ Crossover cable
Procedure:
1. Take two PCs.
2. Connect both by Cross over cable at Fast Ethernet Port.
3. Now give IP to both PCs. For example
PC 1: 10.0.0.1
PC 2: 10.0.0.2
4. Now give default gateway of the same IP class.
Default Gateway: 10.0.0.10
5. Open command Line Interface of any PC and ping another PC. For example
PC 1>ping 10.0.0.2
Result:
Successfully communicated between two PCs
LAB TASK: Create a scenario. Connect three Pcs together through a Switch. Check
connectivity by using Ping command.
pg. 3
Objective:
To learn and understand the concept of IP address and subnet mask.

➢ Switch
➢ PCs
Theory:
MAC Address is a physical Address. It consist of 48 bits (6 Bytes).
IP address is a logical/Unique address that identifies the devices. It consist of 32 bits address
(4 Bytes). IP address have 2 addresses
Internal Address: Made by organization
External Address: Made by ISO
There are two types of IPS:
Dynamic IP: Assign Different IP every time
Static IP: Assign fix IP
There are public and private IP addresses
Private: Made by internal Administration
IP address Formula: 2n
1 IP address is divided into 4 octant.
Classful addressing:
• IANA gives IP address Structure by Dividing into classes.
• In Classful Addressing the Address divided in 5 classes.
• Class A,B,C,D,E
• Class A is used by Government organizations.
• Class B and C mostly used for public and private purpose.
• Class D used for Multicasting.
• Class E used for Experimental and Practical purpose.
pg. 4
IP CLASSES 1st OCTENT RANGE 1st OCTENT HOB

CLASS A 1-------------126* 0
CLASS B 128 ------------ 191 10
CLASS C 192 -------------- 110
223
CLASS D 224 ------------- 239 1110
CLASS E 240 ------------- 255 1111
*127 is reserved for looping.

• Each IP octant is of 8 Bits.
IP CLASSES 1st OCTENT HOB FORMAT DEFAULT

RANGE SUBNET
MASK
CLASS A 1---------- 126 0 NHHH 255.0.0.0
CLASS B 128--------- 191 10 NNHH 255.255.0.0
CLASS C 192--------223 110 NNNH 255.255.255.0
CLASS D 224 -------- 239 1110 ------------ -------------------
CLASS E 240 -------- 255 1111 ------------ -------------------
• Class A: 28 Network
224 User ID (Host ID)
• Class B: 2 Network
2 Host
• Class C: 3 Network
1 Host
CLASSES OCTENT OCTENT OCTENT OCTENT
A N H H H
255 0 0 0
B N N H H
255 255 0 0
C N N N H
255 255 255 0
Now we will create a network of 10 PCs for message passing between them with the help of a
switch in Packet Tracer environment.
pg. 5
Procedure:
1. Place 10 PCs and connect them with a switch using straight-through cable on Fast
Ethernet Port.
2. Assign IP address of any class to all PCs.
3. Turn all connected ports on and select one IP to make default gateway, for example.
4. Default Gateway : 10.0.0.1
5. Provide each PC the default gateway.
6. Ping any computer to test connection for example PC 1 to PC 8
7. PC 1> ping 10.0.0.5
8. Similarly ping PC 2 to PC 8
9. After successful ping, send message from any Computer.
Result:
Successfully communicated between “10 PCs”.
LAB TASK: Create a scenario. Connect multiple PCs to Switch0 and Switch1. Connect both
switches with each other. Now, ping from any one PC from Switch0 to Switch1.
pg. 6
Objective:
To learn how to access operating system of a switch.

➢ Switch
Theory:
In packet tracer, there is an option of CLI. It is the primary user interface used for configuring,
monitoring, and maintaining Cisco devices. This user interface allows user to directly and
simply execute Cisco IOS commands, whether using a router console or terminal, or using
remote access methods.
CLI interface has three modes.
1. User mode
2. Privilege/Executive mode
3. Global configuration mode
User mode: In this mode, only limited switch contents/configuration can be viewed. It is
default mode.
Privilege/Executive mode: Full contents/configuration of switch can be viewed in this mode.
Global configuration mode: Any configuration can be changed in this mode.
Uni-Cast: Unicast is used when two network nodes need to talk to each other.
Multi-Cast: Multicast is like a broadcast that can cross subnets, but unlike broadcast does not
touch all nodes
Broadcast: If all of the nodes are on the same subnet, then broadcast becomes a viable
solution. All nodes on the subnet will see all traffic.
Domain: A group of computers and devices on a network that are administered as a unit with
common rules and procedures. Within the Internet, domains are defined by the IP address. All
devices sharing a common part of the IP address are said to be in the same domain.
A switch has only one domain by default. Domain is also called ‘VLan’. Different ports can be
managed under one or more than one domain. It is also called VLan.
pg. 7
Procedure:
1. Start packet tracer 6.2 and select switch 2950T-24.
2. Double click on it and an interface window will be opened. It has three tabs; Physical,
config and CLI. Select CLI tab as shown in fig below.
3. CLI stands for “Command Line Interface
4. Press RETURN (Enter Key) to start using CLI. Command prompt Switch> shows default
user mode.
To enter into Privilege/Executive mode from User mode and vice versa:
Switch>enable --------------- To enable Privilege mode

Switch# ---------------- # shows Privilege mode
Switch#disable --------------- To disable Privilege mode
pg. 8
Switch> --------------- Returned to User mode

To enter into Global configuration mode from Privilege mode and vice versa:
It is not possible to enter into Global configuration mode directly. It is mandatory to enter into
Privilege mode first then switch to Global configuration mode.
Switch#configure terminal ---------------- To enable Global configuration mode

Switch(config)# ---------------- (config)# shows Global configuration mode
Switch(config)#exit --------------- To disable Global configuration mode
Switch# --------------- Returned to Privilege mode
end command can also be used for this purpose.
To change Host name of Switch:
Switch(config)#hostname CS ---------------- To change Host name from Switch to CS

CS(config)# ---------------- Host name is changed to CS
To display version information:

CS>show version
To enable inter VLan routing:

CS(config)#interface vlan 1
CS(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 --------- IP has been assigned to VLan1
CS#show interface vlan1
Vlan1 is administratively down, line protocol is down…….
To UP ports logically:
CS(config-if)#no shutdown
CS(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
To Set Privilege mode password:

CS(config)#enable password SMIU ------ Set Privilege mode password SMIU
To verify Privilege mode password:

CS>enable
Password: <type SMIU>
CS#
To Set Privilege mode password in encrypted form:

CS(config)#enable secret COMPUTERSCIENCE
pg. 9
To verify Privilege mode password in encrypted form:
CS>enable
Password: <type SMIU>
Password: <type COMPUTERSCIENCE>
CS#
To remove Privilege mode password:

CS(config)#no enable password
CS>enable
Password: <you have to type only encrypted form password now if set before>
CS#
To remove Privilege mode password in encrypted form:

CS(config)#no enable secret
CS>enable
CS# ------ You will have to enter Privilege mode password here if set before
Show contents of Current Configuration (RAM)

CS#show running-config
interface FastEthernet0/24
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
!
!
!
line con 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
line vty 5 15
login
!
!
end
LAB TASK: Students will replace default Switch name with their Name. They are required to
create Vlan and will detect if they have successfully created it. Also will check switch version.
pg. 10
Objective:
To learn how to configure operating system of a switch.

➢ Switch
Theory:
Procedure:
To Assign password to console mode in Switch:
Switch(config)# line console 0

Switch(config-line)#password SMIU
To ask for Login:
Switch(config-line)# Login
Before user mode it asks for Password to Login.
To enable password for the user who is accessing through remote PC/Telnet:
Switch(config)#interface vlan1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Vty is used to access switch from remote PC or Telnet
Switch(config)# line Vty 0 2 (for 2 telnet users)

Switch(config-line)# password 1234
Switch(config-line)# Login
PC Command Prompt:
1. Connect PC to Switch.
2. Give IP to PC and Ping with switch. 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
Now go to command prompt of PC:
Pc> ipconfig
C:\>ping 192.168.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
pg. 11
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
If it Replies then:
Pc> telnet 192.168.1.2
C:\>telnet 192.168.1.2
Trying 192.168.1.2 ...Open
User Access Verification
Password: <1234>
To show the Mac Address of PC:
We can use this command either on telnet interface or to CLI
On telnet:
Switch>show mac-address-table
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------
Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
1 00d0.bc81.a4de DYNAMIC Fa0/1
On CLI:
Switch>show mac-address-table
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------
Vlan Mac Address Type Ports

---- ----------- -------- -----
1 00d0.bc81.a4de DYNAMIC Fa0/1
Access Mode: If any Fast-Ethernet port exist, we can turn its mode to access mode for devices
like PC, Routers; this is not applied to Switch.
Trunk Mode: If any fastEthernet port, we turn its mode to trunk mode for Switch only.
pg. 12
To port to access mode:

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#Switchport mode access
To port to trunk mode:

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#Switchport mode trunk
To port security:
Switch(config-if)# Switchport port-security
Mac binding to port:

#Switchport port-security Mac-address 00d0.bc81.a4de ----- Mac Address displayed before
Binding with connected PC at current line: (we use Sticky)
Switch(config-if)# Switchport port-security Mac-address Sticky
This command directs Switch to give access only to the specified device which is defined by
Mac Address.
Violation: (If occurs)
Switch(config-if)# Switchport port-security violation shutdown

Switch(config-if)# Switchport port-security violation restricted
Switch(config-if)# Switchport port-security violation protect
Port Security:
1. Violation
It sends message to administrator for un-authorized person
a) Restricted (not provide service and will not only notify network administrator
by messages but also provide mac address of the intruder pc)
b) Shutdown (This will logically shut down the port)
c) Protect (not provide service and will notify network administrator by
messages)
2. Maximum (Hint-rate count how many time a person tries to port)
3. MAC address (Bind the MAC address to port)
LAB TASK: Students will replace default Switch name with their Name. They are required to
connect pcs and will apply a) console password, secret, and will telnet to connected pc. B) port
securities will be applied and connected pc will bind with mac address. Replace it with another
pc and observe port security behavior.
pg. 13
Objective: To learn how to access router.

➢ Router
Theory:
Router works on 3rd layer which is named as “Network Layer”.
How to identify an IP address?
Ping your network using a broadcast address, i.e. "ping 192.168.1.255". After that, perform
"arp -a" to determine all the computing devices connected to the network. 3. You may also use
"netstat -r" command to find an IP address of all network routes.
What are Routing Table & Routing Protocol?
A routing table is a set of rules, often viewed in table format, which is used to determine where
data packets is traveling over an Internet Protocol (IP) network will be directed. All IP-enabled
devices, including routers and switches, use routing tables
A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other, disseminating
information that enables them to select routes between any two nodes on a computer
network. Routing algorithms determine the specific choice of route. Each router has a priori
knowledge only of networks attached to it directly.
How many types of firewall are used for network security purpose?
A firewall is a hardware or software system that prevents unauthorized access to or from a

network. It can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both.
Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private
networks connected to the Internet. All data entering or leaving the intranet pass through the
firewall, which examines each packet and blocks those that do not meet the specified security
criteria.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-10 divide firewalls into three
basic types:
• Packet filters
• Stateful inspection
• Proxys
pg. 14
What is Backhaul in networking?
In a hierarchical telecommunications network the backhaul portion of the network comprises

the intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network and the small sub
networks at the "edge" of the entire hierarchical network.
2620 CISCO Router is used.
- 1 console port
- 2 network (ethernet) ports
Procedure:
To see Details of interface:
Router>show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial2/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Set IP address for Router (2620-CISCO):
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface ?
Ethernet IEEE 802.3

FastEthernet FastEthernet IEEE 802.3
GigabitEthernet GigabitEthernet IEEE 802.3z
Loopback Loopback interface
Serial Serial
Virtual-Template Virtual Template interface
range interface range command
Router(config)#Interface fastEthernet 0/0

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
pg. 15
Router#exit
Router>
To set password on console mode:
Router>enable
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#password SMIU
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#exit
Router con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.
User Access Verification
Password: <type password given above ------> SMIU>
To set password for those user (remote computer) who want to access the router
through 'telnet' command:
Router>enable
Router(config)#line vty 0 2
Router(config-line)#password SMIU
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router#exit
Set Hostname:
Router>enable
Router#configure
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? <Press Enter>
Router(config)#hostname SmartRouter
SmartRouter(config)#exit
SmartRouter#
SmartRouter#exit
pg. 16
To save all commands on RAM:
Router>enable
Router#copy running-config startup
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
To set Password on privilege (enable) Mode:
Router>enable
Router#configure
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Router(config)#enable password SMIU
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router#exit
Router>enable
Password: <Write Password SMIU here>
To set Secret on privilege (enable) Mode:
Router>enable
Router#configure
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Router(config)#enable secret password SMIU
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router#exit

Router>enable
Password: <Ask for Privilege mode password here>
Password: <Ask for Secret on privilege mode here>
Router#exit
LAB TASK:
Students will connect two PC with two routers named as Name:0 & Name:1. Practice all
commands mentioned in this lab 6. And ping from one Pc connected to one router to second
pc connected with second router.
pg. 17
Objective:
To learn how to configure a router.

➢ Router
Theory:
How to get detail of interface:
Open CLI interface of router and write following:
Router>enable
Router#show ip interface brief
Router#
Set IP address for Router (2620-CISCO):
Go to CLI interface of router
Router>enable
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router#exit
pg. 18

Router>
How to connect two routers:
Connect two routers; each using serial port 2/0 as shown in fig.
Open CLI interface of Router0 and write following commands:
Router>enable
Router(config)#interface serial 2/0
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down

Router(config)#exit
Router#

Serial2/0 10.10.10.1 YES manual down down
Router#exit

Router>
Above configuration shows that Router0 serial interface 2/0 is now assigned with IP 10.10.10.1
and it is manual down (serial port interface will be UP only if both sides of interfaces are UP).
Now open CLI interface of router1 and write following commands:
pg. 19
Router>enable
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
Router(config)#exit
Router#

Serial2/0 10.10.10.2 YES manual up up
Router#
Above configuration shows that Router1 serial interface 2/0 is now assigned with IP 10.10.10.2
and it is manually up (serial port interface is UP because both sides of interfaces are UP now).
To allow any router to be connected with Router0:
Open CLI interface of Router0 and write following commands:
Router>enable
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2
Router(config)#do show running-config
pg. 20
Current configuration : 753 bytes

!
version 12.2
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip cef
no ipv6 cef
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
pg. 21
clock rate 2000000

!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2
!
ip flow-export version 9
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
!
end
Note: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2 shows that any terminal having any network IP and
any network subnet mask is permitted to connected via 10.10.10.2 (IP address of router1 serial
2/0 interface). Similarly this can also be checked with ip route command as shown below:
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
pg. 22
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.2 to network 0.0.0.0
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
Note: S* shows that static route has been created for any network via 10.10.10.2 (which is IP
address assigned to router1 serial interface 2/0).
Router#
To allow any router to be connected with Router1:
Router>enable
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.1
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.10.1 to network 0.0.0.0

S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.1
Note: S* shows that static route has been created for any network via 10.10.10.1 (which is IP
address assigned to router0 serial interface 2/0).
To reset ip address for router0:
Open CLI interface of router0 and write following commands:
Router>enable
pg. 23
Router(config-if)#no ip address [** this reset any ip assigned to router0 serial 2/0 interface]
Router(config-if)#shutdown [** this turns router0 serial 2/0 interface down]
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to administratively down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down

!
version 12.2
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip cef
no ipv6 cef
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
no ip address
pg. 24
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
no ip address [** this shows any ip assigned to router0 serial 2/0 interface has been cleared]
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.2
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
!
end
pg. 25
Router(config)#
To reset ip address for router1:
Open CLI interface of router1 and write following commands:
Router>enable
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to administratively down


!
version 12.2
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip cef
no ipv6 cef
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
pg. 26
!
!
!
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.1
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
pg. 27
!
!
end
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router#exit

Router>
LAB TASK:
Students will connect two routers using serial port named as Name:0 & Name:1. Practice all
commands mentioned in this lab 6. And ping from one Pc connected to one router to second
pc connected with second router.
pg. 28
Objective:
To learn how to create static routing between two networks.

➢ Router
Theory:
Procedure:
1. Deploy a network having two pcs and two routers as shown in fig.
Router0 fastEthernet 0/0 port is connected with Router1 fastEthernet 0/0 port and
Router0 fastEthernet 1/0 port is connected with PC0 fastEthernet0 port. Similarly,
Router1 fastEthernet 0/0 port is connected with Router0 fastEthernet 0/0 port and
Router1 fastEthernet 1/0 port is connected with PC1 fastEthernet0 port.
2. Open Router 0 CLI interface and write following commands
Router>enable
Router(config)#Interface fastEthernet 1/0 [*** this interface connected to PC0]
Router(config-if)#
pg. 29
Router(config)#Interface fastEthernet 0/0 [*** this interface connected to Router1]

Router(config-if)#
Router(config)#hostname R-1 [*** Router 0 is named as R-1 now]

R-1(config)#
3. Now open Pc0 ip configuration and assign 192.168.1.2 subnet 255.255.255.0 and default
gateway 192.168.1.1
4. Now open router1 CLI window and write following commands
Router>enable
Router(config)#hostname R-2 [*** Router 1 is named as R-2 now]
R-2(config)# interface fastEthernet 1/0 [*** this interface connected to PC1]
R-2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R-2(config-if)#no shutdown
R-2(config-if)#
pg. 30
R-2(config-if)#
R-2(config-if)#exit
R-2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R-2(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to

up
R-2(config-if)#exit
R-2(config)#
pg. 31
5. Now open Pc1 ip configuration and assign 192.168.2.2 subnet 255.255.255.0 and default
gateway 192.168.2.1
6. Open command line prompt of PC0
C:>ping 192.168.1.1
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=57ms TTL=255


[Ping is successful as Pc0 and R1 interface 1/0 are part of same network i-e Connected together]
C:>ping 192.168.2.2
Reply from 192.168.1.1: Destination host unreachable.


pg. 32
[Ping is not successful as Pc0 and R1 interface 1/0 are part of different network i-e not connected
together]
7. Open CLI interface of R-1
R-1>enable
R-1#show ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 10.10.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
Above command show that how many networks are connected to R1 router. If PC0 want to
communicate to PC2, R-1 must be configured to route data from PC0 to PC1.
R-1#configure terminal
R-1(config)#
R-1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.1.2
Note: [** 192.168.2.0 is the ip of network which we want to route to router R1, though the
interface of router R2 whose ip is 10.10.1.2, 255.255.255.0 is the subnet mask of network
192.168.2.0***]
R-1(config)#exit
R-1#
R-1#show ip route

pg. 33

S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.1.2
Note now 192.168.2.0/24 has been added to the routing table of router R1. Data of network
129.168.2.0 will route through the R2 interface which is connected to R1 having ip address of
10.10.1.2
We also have to make static route in router R2 to network 192.168.1.0 to have successful bi
direction communication between 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.2.0.
8. Open CLi interface of R2
R-2>enable
R-2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.1.1
R-2(config)#exit
R-2#
R-2#R-2# show ip route


S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.1.1
9. Now go to PC0 command prompt
C:\>ping 192.168.2.2

pg. 34

10. Go to Pc1 command prompt
C:\>ping 192.168.1.2


pg. 35
Objective:
To learn how to create static route using more than two Hop.

➢ Router
Theory:
Procedure:
1. Deploy a network as shown in fig.
Router0 serial port 2/0 interface is connected with Router1 serial port 2/0 interface and
Router0 fastEthernet port 1/0 interface is connected with PC0 fastEthernet port 0 interface.
Router1 serial port 2/0 interface is connected with Router0 serial port 2/0 interface, Router1
serial port 3/0 interface is connected with Router2 serial port 3/0 interface and Router1
fastEthernet port 1/0 interface is connected with PC1 fastEthernet port 0 interface.
Router2 serial port 3/0 interface is connected with Router1 serial port 3/0 interface and
Router2 fastEthernet port 1/0 interface is connected with PC2 fastEthernet port 0 interface.
Assign IP to Router0 interfaces:
1. Open CLI interface of Router0 and write following commands
R-0>enable
pg. 36

R-0(config-if)#
R-0(config-if)#exit
R-0(config)#interface serial 2/0
R-0(config-if)#exit
Assign IP to PC0:
Open IP configuration of PC1 and give ip 192.168.1.2, subnet : 255.255.255.0 and default
gateway 192.168.1.1
R-1>enable
R-1(config-if)#
R-1(config-if)#
R-1(config-if)#exit
R-1(config)#
pg. 37

R-1(config-if)#

up
R-1(config-if)#exit
R-1(config)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial3/0, changed state to down

R-1(config-if)#
Assign IP to PC1:
gateway 192.168.2.1
pg. 38
R-2>enable
R-2(config-if)#

up
R-2(config-if)#exit
R-2(config-if)#
R-2(config-if)#exit
R-2(config)#
Assign IP to PC2:
gateway 192.168.3.1
pg. 39
Introduce static route between 192.168.1.0 and 192.168.2.0:
Open router R-0 CLI interface and run following commands:
R-0>enable
R-0(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.1.2
R-0(config)#
R-1>enable
R-1(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.1.1
R-1(config)#
R-0(config)#ip route 20.20.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.1.2

R-0(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.1.2
R-2>enable
R-2(config)#ip route 10.10.1.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.1.1
R-2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.1.1
pg. 40
R-1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.1.2
R-2>enable
R-2(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.1.1
Checking PC0 Connectivity with other networks:
Open Command Prompt of PC0 and run following commands:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0

C:\>ping 192.168.2.2
Request timed out.

Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=126 [**PC0 is connected with PC1]


C:\>Ping 10.10.1.2
Reply from 10.10.1.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254 [**PC0 is connected with 10.10.1.2]


C:\>ping 192.168.1.1
pg. 41
Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255 [**PC0 is connected with R-0]

C:\>ping 20.20.1.2

C:\>ping 192.168.3.2
Request timed out.


Checking PC1 Connectivity with other networks:
Open Command Prompt of PC1 and run following commands:

C:\>ping 192.168.2.1
pg. 42
Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255 [**PC1 is connected with R-1]

C:\>ping 20.20.1.2

C:\>ping 192.168.3.2

pg. 43
Objective:
To learn how to create dynamic routing using R.I.P.

➢ Router
Theory:
Procedure:
1. Deploy a network as shown in fig.
2. Assign suitable ip addresses to PC’s and each network nodes.
pg. 44
Initialize RIP in router0:
3. Open CLI interface of router0 and write following commands
R-0>enable
R-0#conf t
R-0(config)#router rip [**Initialize RIP in router0]
R-0(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 [**Network 192.168.2.0 is directly connect with
router0]
R-0(config-router)#network 14.14.1.0 [**Network 14.14.1.0 is directly connect with

router0]
R-0(config-router)#exit
Note: router rip command initialize RIP in router. After that we have to describe each
network which is connected directly with this router using Network command and its
network IP.
R-1>enable
R-1#conf t
R-1(config)#router rip
R-1(config-router)#network 14.14.1.0
R-1(config)#
R-2>enable
R-2#conf t
R-2(config)#router rip
R-2(config)#
pg. 45
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 12.12.1.0
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
pg. 46
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
pg. 47
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
Check if RIP has identified all nodes
Check If RIP has created dynamic routing above mentioned networks
Go to CLI interface of router0 and check number of ip routes.
R-0#show ip route
pg. 48

R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/12] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/3] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 12.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 13.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 20.0.0.0/8 [120/11] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 30.0.0.0/8 [120/10] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 40.0.0.0/8 [120/9] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 50.0.0.0/8 [120/8] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 60.0.0.0/8 [120/7] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 70.0.0.0/8 [120/6] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 80.0.0.0/8 [120/5] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 90.0.0.0/8 [120/4] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/13] via 14.14.1.1, 00:00:03, Serial2/0
R stands for dynamic route performed with RIP protocol. As there are total 15 networks. Two
networks 192.168.2.0 and 14.14.1.0 are connected directly to router0. Other 13 networks are
connected to router by using RIP protocol (dynamic routing).
Open command prompt of PC0 and ping PC1.

C:\>ping 192.168.1.2


LAB TASK: Students will replace default Router names with their Name. They are required
to connect 16 routers in series and two pc at both ends. Initiate RIP on each router. Connect
connectivity and show ip route command on any one of the router.
pg. 49
Objective:
Configuring DHCP within a LAN in a packet Tracer

➢ Router
Procedure:
1. Create a LAN like given below.
2. Configure router interface with ip 10.0.0.1 and subnet mask 255.0.0.0
Router>enable
Router#config t
Router(config)#interface fastethernet0/0
Router(config)#
3. Click on server->config, then assign gateway in our example 10.0.0.1
pg. 50
4. Click on Fastethernet and assign ip address and subnet mask. I am going to use
10.0.0.2 and subnet mask 255.0.0.0 for our server.
5. Click on DHCP, there you can see default pool.
6. Just give default gate way, here we are using 10.0.0.1.
7. DNSserver, Just give our server ip address, 10.0.0.2.
8. Then just edit start ip address. I am going to give 10.0.0.10 and subnet mask
255.0.0.0
9. In Maximum Number of Users, Here we are using Class A Network so we can use
1, 67, and 77,216 ip address. Just give how many ip address you want in this pool. I
am going to give 500
10. Assign TFTP server ip address, just give our server ip address, 10.0.0.2.
Step 11: And click on save. That’s it...
pg. 51
pg. 52
pg. 53
pg. 54
pg. 55
Conclusion:It has been observed DHCP configured successfully.
pg. 56
Objective:
Connect LAN with wireless router.

➢ Router
Procedure:
1. Create a topology like this.
2. Single click on PC.
pg. 57
3. Switch off the button.
4. Drag and drop the Ethernet card and insert wireless card.
pg. 58
5. Switch on the light.
Conclusion:
After connecting LAN to wireless router communication will be start automatically because
router is by default configure.
pg. 59
Objective:
Configuring wireless router with LAN by using WAP2-PSK algorithm.

➢ Router
Procedure:
2. Double click on router.
pg. 60
3. Write the password in the text field of WAP2-PSK.
After closing the window your topology will be look like this.
pg. 61
4. Now after give password you will be write the password on that PC which you want
to access. Double click on PC0.
5. Single click on PC wireless.
pg. 62
6. Single click on connect.
7. Select by the wireless network name. Here name is default, select and click on
connect.
pg. 63
8. Write the password in the pre –shared key.
9. After click on connect PCO with access the network.
Conclusion:
After given password to the PCO it can access the network. In the same another user want to
access he should not the password.
pg. 64
Objective:
Configuring the router by making server and using Access point device with LAN.

➢ Router
Procedure:
2. Single click on the router and tell the router about network of LAN.
pg. 65
3. Select fast Ethernet 0/0, give the ip and default gate way.
4. Select fast Ethernet 1/0, give the ip and default gate way.
pg. 66
5. Click on the server and give the gateway and DNS server.
pg. 67

Computer Networks Lab Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer Networks Lab Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Computer Networks Lab Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SMI UNIVERSITY Computer Science Department

Department of Computer Science

Lab Manual for

Computer Communication & Networks: CEN-303 (3+1)

Dr. Haque Nawaz Lashari

Mr. Asif Khan

This is to certify that Mr/Ms. ______________________________ So/Do

Dr. Haque Nawaz Lashari

Student’s ID: Laboratory Exercise No: 1 Student’s Name:

Required Tools / Equipment:

➢ At both connectors, straight through cable have same color coding.

Making of Crossover cable

➢ Crossover Cable has different color coding at both connectors.

1. Green White 1. Orange White

Student’s ID: Laboratory Exercise No: 2 Student’s Name:

Required Tools / Equipment:

Student’s ID: Laboratory Exercise No: 3 Student’s Name:

Required Tools / Equipment:

Internal Address: Made by organization

External Address: Made by ISO

There are two types of IPS:

Dynamic IP: Assign Different IP every time

Static IP: Assign fix IP

There are public and private IP addresses

Private: Made by internal Administration

1 IP address is divided into 4 octant.

IP CLASSES 1st OCTENT RANGE 1st OCTENT HOB

*127 is reserved for looping.

IP CLASSES 1st OCTENT HOB FORMAT DEFAULT

Student’s ID: Laboratory Exercise No: 4 Student’s Name:

Required Tools / Equipment:

CLI interface has three modes.

Privilege/Executive mode: Full contents/configuration of switch can be viewed in this mode.

Global configuration mode: Any configuration can be changed in this mode.

Switch>enable --------------- To enable Privilege mode

Switch> --------------- Returned to User mode

Switch#configure terminal ---------------- To enable Global configuration mode

end command can also be used for this purpose.

To change Host name of Switch:

Switch(config)#hostname CS ---------------- To change Host name from Switch to CS

To display version information:

To enable inter VLan routing:

Vlan1 is administratively down, line protocol is down…….

To Set Privilege mode password:

To verify Privilege mode password:

To Set Privilege mode password in encrypted form:

To verify Privilege mode password in encrypted form:

To remove Privilege mode password:

To remove Privilege mode password in encrypted form:

Show contents of Current Configuration (RAM)

Student’s ID: Laboratory Exercise No: 5 Student’s Name:

Required Tools / Equipment:

Switch(config)# line console 0

To ask for Login:

Vty is used to access switch from remote PC or Telnet

Switch(config)# line Vty 0 2 (for 2 telnet users)

Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.

Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=255