Multiple Choice Quiz

PART A: PRINCIPLES AND PLANNING FOR RESEARCH

1. Which of the following should not be a criterion for a good research project?
a. Demonstrates the abilities of the researcher
b.Is dependent on the completion of other projects
c. Demonstrates the integration of different fields of knowledge
d. Develops the skills of the researcher
2. A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact to influence job-seeking
behaviours. The main purpose of the study was:
a. Description
b. Prediction
c. Exploration
d Explanation
3. Cyber bullying at work is a growing threat to employee job satisfaction. Researchers want to
find out why people do this and how they feel about it. The primary purpose of the study is:
a. Description:
b. Prediction
c.Exploration
d. Explanation
4. A qualitative research problem statement:
a. Specifies the research methods to be utilized
b. Specifies a research hypothesis
c. Expresses a relationship between variables
d. Conveys a sense of emerging design
5. Which of the following is a good research question?
a. To produce a report on student job searching behaviours
b. To identify the relationship between self-efficacy and student job searching behaviours
c. Students with higher levels of self-efficacy will demonstrate more active job searching
behaviours
d. Do students with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate more active job searching
behaviours?
6. A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to:
a. Provide an up-to-date understanding of the subject, its significance, and structure
b. Guide the development of research questions .
c. Present the kinds of research methodologies used in previous studies
d. All of the above

7. Sometimes a comprehensive review of the literature prior to data collection is not

recommended by:
a. Ethnomethodology
b. Grounded theory
c. Symbolic interactionism
d. Feminist theory
8. The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of: a. Cost and time required
to conduct the study
b. Access to gatekeepers and respondents
c. Potential ethical concerns
d. All of the above
9. Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next
phase is known as:
a. Action research
b. Mixed-method research
c. Quantitative research
d. Pragmatic research
10. Research hypotheses are:
a. Formulated prior to a review of the literature
b. Statements of predicted relationships between variables
c. B but not A
d. Both A and B
PART B: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Which research paradigm is most concerned about generalizing its findings?
a. Quantitative research
b. Qualitative research
c. Mixed-methods research d
. All of the above
2. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called:
a. An intervening variable
b. A dependent variable
c. An independent variable
d. A numerical variable
3. The key defining characteristic of experimental research is that:
a. The independent variable is manipulated
b. Hypotheses are proved
c. A positive correlation exists
d. Samples are large
4. Qualitative research is used in all the following circumstances, EXCEPT:
a. It is based on a collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures
b. It often uses small samples
c. It uses the inductive method
d. It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest
5. In an experiment, the group that does not receive the intervention is called:
a. The experimental group
b. The participant group
c. The control group
d. The treatment group
6. What do we call data that are used for a new study but which were collected by an earlier
researcher for a different set of research questions?
a. Secondary data
b. Field notes.
c. Qualitative data
d. Primary data
7. When each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected, this is called:
a. A snowball sample
b. A stratified sample
c. A random probability sample
d. A non-random sample
8. Which of the following will produce the least sampling error?
a. A large sample based on convenience sampling
b. A small sample based on random sampling
c. A large snowball sample
d. A large sample based on random sampling
PART C: DATA COLLECTION METHODS
1. When designing a questionnaire it is important to do each of the following EXCEPT
a. Pilot the questionnaire
b. Avoid jargon
c. Avoid double questions
d. Use leading questions
2. One advantage of using a questionnaire is that:
a. Probe questions can be asked
b. Respondents can be put at ease
c. Interview bias can be avoided
d. Response rates are always high
3. Which of the following is true of observations?
a. It takes less time than interviews
b. It is often not possible to determine exactly why people behave as they do
c. Covert observation raises fewer ethical concerns than overt
d. All of the above
4. When conducting an interview, asking questions such as: "What else? or 'Could you expand
on that?' are all forms of:
a. Structured responses
b. Category questions
c. Protocols
d. Probes
5. Secondary data can include which of the following?
a. Government statistics
b. Personal diaries
c. Organizational records
d. All of the above
6. Interviewing is the favoured approach EXCEPT when:
a. There is a need for highly personalized data
b. It is important to ask supplementary questions
c. High numbers of respondents are needed
d. Respondents have difficulty with written language
7. Validity in interviews is strengthened by the following EXCEPT:
a Building rapport with interviewees
b Multiple questions cover the same theme
c. Constructing interview schedules that contain themes drawn from the literature
d. Prompting respondents to expand on initial responses
8. Interview questions should:
a. Lead the respondent
b. Probe sensitive issues
c. Be delivered in a neutral tone
d. Test the respondents' powers of memory
9. Active listening skills means:
a. Asking as many questions as possible
b. Avoiding silences
c. Keeping to time
d. Attentive listening
10. All the following are strengths of focus groups EXCEPT:
a. They allow access to a wide range of participants
b. Discussion allows for the validation of ideas and views
c. They can generate a collective perspective
d. They help maintain confidentiality
11. Which of the following is not always true about focus groups?
a. The ideal size is normally between 6 and 12 participants
b. Moderators should introduce themselves to the group
c. Participants should come from diverse backgrounds
d. The moderator poses preplanned questions
12. A disadvantage of using secondary data is that:
a. The data may have been collected with reference to research questions that are not those of the
researcher
b. The researcher may bring more detachment in viewing the data than original researchers could
muster
c. Data have often been collected by teams of experienced researchers
d. Secondary data sets are often available and accessible
13. All of the following are sources of secondary data EXCEPT:
a. Official statistics
b. A television documentary
c. The researcher's research diary
d. A company's annual report
14. Which of the following is not true about visual methods?
a. They are not reliant on respondent recall
b. The have low resource requirements
c. They do not rely on words to capture what is happening
d. They can capture what is happening in real time
MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. We review the relevant literature to know:
a) What is already known about the topic
b) What concepts and theories have been applied to the topic
c) Who are the key contributors to the topic
d) All of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT a data-collection method?
a) Research questions
b) Unstructured interviewing
c) Postal survey questionnaires
d) Participant observation
3. The qualitative research strategy places a value on:
a. Using numbers, measurements and statistical techniques
b. Generating theories through inductive research about social meanings
c. Conducting research that is of a very high quality
d) All of the above
4. What is a research design?
a) A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory
b) The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
c) The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph d) A framework for every
stage of the collection and analysis of data 5. In an experimental design, the dependent variable
is:
a) The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed
b) The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other
c) A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research d) An ambiguous concept
whose meaning depends on how it is defined
6. Why do you need to review the existing literature?
a) To make sure you have a long list of references
b) Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count c)To find out what is
already known about your area of interest
d) To help in your general studying
7. The first step of research is:
(A) Selecting a problem
(B) Searching a problem
(C) Finding a problem
(D) Identifying a problem
8. A research problem is feasible only when:
(A) it has utility and relevance
(B) it is researchable
(C) it is new and adds something to knowledge
(D)all the above
9. The experimental study is based on:
(A) The manipulation of variables
(B) Conceptual parameters
(C) Replication of research
(D) Survey of literature
10. Field-work-based research is classified as:
(A) Empirical
(B) Historical
(C) Experimental
(D) Biographical
11. The research is always-
(A) verifying the old knowledge
(B) exploring new knowledge
(C) filling the gap between knowledge
(D) all of these
12. Research is
(A) Searching again and again
(B) Finding a solution to any problem
(C) Working in a scientific way to search for the truth of any problem (D) None of the above
13. What is the purpose of research design?
A) To develop a hypothesis
B) To select a sample
C) To determine the methods for data collection and analysis
(D) All of the above
14. What is the difference between a quantitative and qualitative research design?
A) The type of data collected
B) The methods used for data collection
C) The methods used for data analysis
D) All of the above
15. What is a research hypothesis?
A) A tentative explanation for a phenomenon
B) A statement that is proven to be true
C) prediction of what the researcher expects to find
D) A statement of fact
16. What is the purpose of a control group in an experimental design? A) To provide a baseline
against which to compare the experimental group
B) To ensure that the results are consistent across different populations
C) To eliminate the effects of extraneous variables
D) To manipulate the independent variable
17. What is the purpose of a pilot study?
A To test the feasibility of the research design
B) To test the reliability and validity of the measures
C) To determine the appropriate sample size
D) To collect preliminary data
18. What is the purpose of defining research objectives?
a) To identify relevant literature sources
b) To develop testable hypotheses
c) To provide direction and focus for the study
d) To analyze and synthesize existing literature
19. What is the purpose of a literature review?
a) To analyze and synthesize existing literature
b) To develop testable hypotheses
c) To identify research gaps and opportunities
d) To select appropriate research methods and data collection techniques
20. What is the primary goal of quantitative research?
a) To explore and describe a phenomenon in-depth
b) To identify patterns and relationships between variables
c) To generate new theories and hypotheses
d) To understand the subjective experiences of participants
21. Which of the following is NOT a common type of quantitative research design?
a) Correlational
b) Experimental
c) Case study
d) Quasi-experimental
22. What is the most common method of data collection in quantitative research?
a) Interviews
b) Focus groups
c) Observation
d) Surveys/questionnaires
23. Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of quantitative research?
a) Objective
b) Systematic
c) Subjective
d) Structured
24. What is the purpose of a pilot study in quantitative research?
a) To test the feasibility of the research design and methodology
b) To provide an overview of the study population
c) To collect preliminary data for use in the final analysis
d) To ensure the ethical treatment of participants
25. Which of the following is not a characteristic of qualitative research?
a) Focuses on subjective experience
b) Uses statistical analysis
c) Emphasizes context and complexity
d) Allows for multiple perspectives
26. Which of the following is a commonly used data collection method in qualitative research?
a) Surveys
b) Experiments
c) Observations
d) Correlational studies
27. Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research design?
a) Case study
b) Phenomenology
c) Correlational study
d) Grounded theory
28. Which of the following is a potential limitation of qualitative research?
a) Difficulty generalizing findings
b) Lack of depth in data
c) Inability to capture subjective experiences
d) High level of researcher bias
29. Which of the following is a strength of case study research?
a) Can provide rich, detailed data
b) Allows for generalization to a larger population
c) Can establish causation
d) Typically involves a large sample size