MARKING SCHEME

Academic Year : 2023 – 2024

Examination : INITIATION
Month :
JUNE
Class : 10
Maximum Marks : 80
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BIOLOGY

SCIENCE Paper - 3
(Two hours)
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Section A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section B.

The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [].
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SECTION A
(Attempt all questions from this Section.)

Question 1

Select the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [1x15=15]
(Do not copy the question. Write the correct answer only):
(i) A plant with variegated leaves is:

(a) Mango
(b) Peepal
(c) Coleus
(d) Lotus
(ii) Duplication of chromosomes takes place in:
(a) M phase
(b) G1 phase
(c) S phase
(d) G2 phase

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This paper consists of 14 printed pages

Turn over
(iii) Nucleosome is:
(a) Unit of 4 histone proteins and DNA strand
(b) Unit of 40 histone proteins and DNA strand
(c) Unit of 6 histone proteins and DNA strand
(d) Unit of 8 histone proteins and DNA strand
(iv) Relative concentration of two solutions that determine the direction of diffusion:
(a) Osmotic pressure
(b) Tonicity
(c) Flaccidity
(d) Turgidity
(v) Ascent of sap takes place through:
(a) Phloem
(b) Pith
(c) Xylem
(d) Cortex
(vi) The chromatin material is formed of:
(a) DNA only
(b) DNA and Histones
(c) Histones only
(d) None of the above
(vii) Root pressure is maximum when:
(a) Transpiration is very high and absorption is very low
(b) Transpiration is very low and absorption is very high
(c) Both transpiration and absorption are very high
(d) Both transpiration and absorption are very low
(viii) Light independent phase of photosynthesis in green leaves take place in:

(a) Stroma of chloroplast

(b) Grana of chloroplast
(c) Nucleus of palisade cells
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 (d) Cytoplasm o f palisade cells

(ix) The Purine bases of DNA are:

(a) Adenine and Guanine
(b) Adenine and Uracil
(c) Guanine and Cytosine
(d) Uracil and Cytosine

(x) The basis of genetic variation in the living organisms during mitosis occurs due to:
(a) Cell division
(b) Mutation
(c) Crossing over
(d) Karyokinesis

(xi) Conversion of several glucose molecules into starch is termed as:

(a) Photolysis
(b) Photons
(c) Photorespiration
(d) Polymerisation

(xii) The nitrogenous base in the DNA:

(a) Adrenaline
(b) Thiamine
(c) Thymine
(d) Thyroxine

(xiii) Unit of light absorbed by chlorophyll is:

(a) Proton
(b) Photon
(c) Neutron
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 (d) Electron

(xiv) Marine fish when placed in tap water bursts because of:
(a) Diffusion
(b) Plasmolysis
(c) Endosmosis
(d) Exosmosis

(xv) The region where crossing over takes place:

(a) Cell plate
(b) Chiasma
(c) Chromosome
(d) Centrosome
Note: Deduct overall 1 mark if terms are not written
Question 2
(i) Name the following: [1x5=5]
(a) The solvent used to dissolve the chlorophyll pigment while testing
a leaf for starch. Methylated Spirit
(b) A solution whose concentration is greater than that of the cell sap. Hypertonic
(c) The stage in cell division when the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappears. Telophase
(d) The process of formation of ATP from ADP during photosynthesis. Photophosphorylation
(e) The category of organisms that prepare their own food from basic raw materials.
Autotrophs/ Producers

(ii) Arrange and rewrite the terms in each group in the correct order so as to be in a [1x5=5]
logical sequence beginning with the term that is underlined:

(a) Stoma, spongy mesophyll, Palisade mesophyll, Substomatal space, Upper epidermis.
Upper epidermis, Palisade mesophyll, Spongy mesophyll, Substomatal space, Stoma
(b) Hawk, Snake, Cabbage, Frog, Insect.
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 Cabbage, Insect, frog, Snake, Hawk
(c) Destarching of leaf, Iodine test, boiling leaf in water,
place the leaf in hot water, boiling leaf in methylated spirit.
Destarching of leaf, boiling leaf in water, boiling leaf in methylated spirit, place the leaf in
hot water, Iodine test.
(d) Water molecules, Oxygen, Grana, Photons, Hydrogen and Hydroxyl ions.
Photons, Grana, Water molecules, Hydrogen and Hydroxyl ions, Oxygen
(e) Cortex, Xylem, Soil water, Root hair, Endodermis.
Soil water, Root hair, Cortex, Endodermis, Xylem
Note: Give zero if any term is incorrectly written or omitted.
(iii) Match the items given in column I with the most appropriate ones in column II and [1x5=5]
rewrite the correct matching pairs.
Column I Column II
(a) Hydrogen bond 3. Between base pair
(b) Imbibition 4. Cellulose
(c) Root pressure 6. Guttation
(d) Karyokinesis 2. Division of nucleus
(e) Photolysis 1. Splitting of water molecule
Note: If matching pairs not written deduct overall 1 mark.
(iv) Choose the odd one out from the following terms and name the category to which [1x5=5]
the others belong:
(a) Transpiration, Photosynthesis, Phagocytosis, Guttation.
Odd: Phagocytosis
Category: Others are plant physiological processes
(b) Centrosome, Cell wall, Chloroplast, Large vacuole.
Odd: Centrosome
Category: Others are part of plant cell
(c) Phosphate, RNA, Sugar, Nitrogenous base.
Odd: RNA
Category: Others are part of DNA/ nucleotide
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 (d) Cell wall, Visking bag, Parchment paper, Cellophane paper.
Odd: Cell wall
Categories: Rest are artificial semi-permeable membrane
(e) Adenine, Guanine, Phosphate, Cytosine.
Odd: Phosphate
Category: Others are nitrogenous bases in DNA
Note: Both odd and category should be correct
(v) State the exact location of the following structures: [1x5=5]
(a) Grana: Flattened sacs arranged in piles lying in the stroma of chloroplast
(b) Lenticels: Present on the bark of old woody stem/ bark of the tree
(c) Tonoplast: Membrane that surrounds large vacuole in a plant cell
(d) Chlorophyll: Present in the walls of the thylakoids
(e) Centromere: Joins the sister chromatids in the duplicated chromosome

SECTION B
(Attempt any four questions from this Section.)

Question 3
(i) Define- Guttation. [1]
Exudation of water as droplets along the margins of leaves through hydathodes.
(ii) On bright sunny day, the leaves of certain plants roll up. Give suitable reason. [2]
In bright sunlight leaves roll up to reduce the exposed surface area
to prevent excessive transpiration
(iii) A plant cell when placed in hypertonic salt solution for about 30 minutes it turns [2]
flaccid. Give reason for the same.
In hypertonic solution higher concentration of solute particles than the fluid inside which is
hypotonic so the water molecules from inside of the cell will move out exosmosis will happen and
cell becomes flaccid

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(iv) Explain Potassium ion concentration theory for opening of stomata. [2]
1. During daytime chloroplasts in the guard cells photosynthesize which leads to the
production of ATP.
2. This ATP helps in actively pump the potassium ions of the adjacent cells into the guard cells
3.Increased K+ ion concentration makes the guard cells hypertonic which draws in water
from adjacent cells into the guard cells and the guard cells become more turgid
4. Thin outer wall move outwards to open the stomatal pore
(v) Given below is the diagram representing a stage during mitotic cell division. [3]
Answer the following questions:

.
(a) Identify the stage shown. (0.5)

Anaphase

(b) Is it a plant or an animal cell? Give a reason to support your answer.( 0.5 + 0.5)

Animal cell

Presence of Centrosome / Aster/ Centriole

(c) Name the parts label A, B, and C. (0.5x3=1.5)

Spindle fibre, Daughter Chromatid, Centriole

Question 4
(i) Expand the abbreviation- NADP. [1]
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
(ii) Mention any two identifying features of Prophase. [1x2=2]
1. Centriole starts moving apart and reach opposite poles
2. Chromosome becomes distinct

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 3. Spindle fibres appear between centrioles
4. Nuclear membrane and and nucleolus disappear
( Any two points)
(iii) The roots of certain trees crack the walls of the building. Give biological reason for the same. [2]
Turgor pressure is built inside the cell due to continuous endosmosis
The force generated by the water is strong enough to crack walls
(iv) Explain how light intensity and CO2 concentration affects rate of photosynthesis? [2]
Photosynthesis increases with light intensity increases up to certain limit then stabilized
At this point when CO2 concentration is increased photosynthesis also increases further
and again gets stabilised
(v) The diagram given below represents an experimental set-up to demonstrate a certain process. [3]
Study the same and answer the questions that follows:

(a) Name the process shown in the above diagram. (0.5)

Osmosis
(b) Define the process. (0.5)
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from their region of high concentration
To their region of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
(c) What will you observe in the experimental set-up after an hour or so? (0.5+0.5)
Rise in the level of solution inside the thistle funnel
Lowering of water/solution in the beaker
(d) What control experiment can be set up for comparison? (1)
By taking water inside the thistle funnel/ Replacing semi-permeable membrane
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 with muslin cloth freely permeable or rubber
Question 5
(i) Explain – Crossing over. [1]
During meiosis chromatid materials are often exchanged between the two chromosomes of
homologus pair this is known as crossing over, this results in genetic recombination.
(ii) Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis with regard to chromosome number [2]
in the daughter cells
In Mitosis chromosomes in daughter cells are same as the parent cell / diploid number of
chromosomes 2n
In Meiosis the chromosome numbers are halved with respect to parent cell/ haploid number of
chromosomes n
(iii) A woody stem was girdled by removing a ring of bark. Observe the figure given below and
answer the questions that follow:

(a) What changes are observed in the tree trunk after girdling? (1)
The part of stem above the ring has grown in diameter/swollen and stem below the girdle
has stopped growing/ may even die
(b) Give a suitable reason to justify your answer in (a). (1)
It is due to the accumulation of food and nutrition above the girdle and stem below the
girdle does not receive nutrient as phloem is cut , it dies
(iv) What is meant by the term ‘destarched’ plant? How can a plant be destarched? (1,1) [2]
A destarched plant is one whose leaves are free from starch.
For destarching the plant should be placed in the dark for 24-48 hours. During this period
Starch will be removed from the leaves and stored in the storage organs
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Turn over
(v) Draw a neat labelled diagram of the internal structure of chloroplast. [3]

1 mark for correct diagram

0.5 mark for 4 labels = 2
Note: Zero if shape is not oval and double membrane is not drawn
Question 6
(i) Define – Gene. [1]
Genes are specific sequences of nucleotides on a chromosome that encodes a particular
proteins which are expressed in the form of some particular features of the body
(ii) Differentiate between cell membrane and the cell wall with reference to permeability. [1]
Cell membrane is semi-permeable allowing only few substances to pass through
Cell wall is freely permeable
(iii) ‘Gametes must be produced by meiosis’. Give suitable reason. [2]
Chromosomes in sex cells is halved/haploid in meiosis. This is essential because when the
male and female gametes fuse during fertilization the normal/diploid chromosome numbers are
restored
(iv) Explain why green leaves are thin and broad? (1+1) [2]
Thinness of leaves reduce distance between cells facilitating rapid transport.
Broad leaves provide large surface area for maximum light absorption

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(v) Given below is an experimental set up to demonstrate a particular process. [3]
Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(a) What is the aim of the above experiment? (1)

Aim of the experiment is to prove/measure unequal rate of transpiration from
upper and lower surfaces of leaf
(b) What would you observe in the experimental set-up after an hour? (0.5+0.5)
Give a reason to support your answer.
The difference in colouration of cobalt chloride paper lower surface turns more pink/
turns pink faster than upper surface where either it does not turn pink or takes longer
time.
(c) Mention any two adaptations found in plants to overcome the physiological process
shown in the experiment. (0.5+0.5)
Sunken stomata, Fewer stomata, Narrow leaves, Leaves may get wavy/rolled/ folded,
Loss of leaves, Thick cuticle ( Any two points)
Question 7

(i) Define – Cell cycle. [1]

The cell cycle is series of events that takes place in a cell leading to duplication of DNA
and division of cell to produce two daughter cells.
(ii) State two characteristics of roots for absorbing water from soil. [2]
Surface area of roots is enormous due to presence of root hairs
Root hairs contain cell sap which is hypertonic than that of soil water
Root hairs have thin and permeable cell walls
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 (Any two points)
(iii) All life owes its existence to chlorophyll. Give reasons.(1+1) [2]
Photosynthesis done by green plants support life on Earth as
Provides food to all animals
Provides oxygen present in atmosphere for respiration

(iv) Differentiate between Cytokinesis in plant cell and animal cell. [2]
In animal cell cytokinesis by furrowing of cytoplasm/ Furrow starts from the cell membrane
which proceeds to the center of the cell
In plant cells the cytokinesis by cell plate formation / cell plate is laid down at the center of the
cell which extends towards cell membrane

(v) The figure below represents an experiment to demonstrate a particular aspect of [3]
Photosynthesis. Study the same and answer the questions that follows:

(a) What is the aim of the experiment? (0.5)

To show that carbon-dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.
(b) What is the purpose of using KOH in the flask? (0.5)
KOH absorbs carbon-dioxide
(c) In what manner do the leaves 1 and 2 differ at the end of the starch test? (0.5+0.5)
Leaf 1 remains brown (absence of starch)
Leaf 2 turns blue-black (presence of starch)
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 (d) Give a balanced chemical equation to represent the process of photosynthesis. (1)

Question 8

(i) Define – Photosynthesis. [1]

Photosynthesis is the process by which living plant cells, containing chlorophyll,
produce food/ glucose, from carbon dioxide and water by using light energy

(ii) Briefly explain the major events during Interphase of Mitotic cell division. [2]
During interphase cell prepare for the next cell division and grow to the same size as parent cell
First growth phase: RNA and proteins are synthesized
Synthesis phase: More DNA is synthesized
Second Growth phase: RNA and proteins are synthesized

(iii) What is ascent of sap? Mention any two forces which contribute to the ascent of sap.
Movement of cell sap/ dissolved water and minerals in upward direction through xylem vessels(1)
Root pressure, Capillarity, Transpirational pull, Adhesion (0.5+0.5)
(Any two forces)

(iv) Write any two precautions taken in the use of potometer. (1+1) [2]
1. Potometer should be made water-tight
2. The twig should be cut obliquely
3. The twig should be cut underwater
(Any two points)

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(v) Draw a neat labelled diagram of Metaphase stage of mitosis in plant cell [3]
having 6 chromosomes.

1 mark for correct diagram

0.5 marks for 4 labels = 2

Note: Zero if cell wall is not shown

Zero if 6 duplicated chromosomes are not drawn

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