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Components utilized in the Rain Detector Device's implementation

Article · August 2023

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8264224

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 Global Journal of Research in Engineering & Computer Sciences
ISSN: 2583-2727 (Online)
Volume 03| Issue 04 | July-Aug. | 2023
Journal homepage: https://gjrpublication.com/gjrecs/
Review Article
Components utilized in the Rain Detector Device's implementation
1 Abdulrahman Yusuf Abdullahi, 2 Mukhtar Ibrahim Bello, 3 Sadiku Aminu Sani, 4Muhammad Ahmad Baballe*
1Department of Electrical Enineering, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano,Nigeria
2Department of Computer Science, School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
3Department of Architectural Technology, School of Environmental Studies Gwarzo, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
4Department of Computer Engineering Technology, School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic,Kano, Nigeria

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8264224 Submission Date: 25 July 2023 | Published Date: 19 Aug. 2023

*Corresponding author: Muhammad Ahmad Baballe

Department of Computer Engineering Technology, School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
ORCID: 0000-0001-9441-7023

Abstract
Research on rain alarms is beneficial since it detects rain (water) and automatically sets off an alarm or buzzer.
IoT has advanced significantly thanks to the use of software and sensors to gather and share information on
how devices are used and how the environment is changing. The analysis of the data can be used to spot
possible issues before they arise and offer remedies. Healthcare, automation, and wearable technology are just
a few of the areas that can benefit from this technology. We may utilize the Bosch BMP280 environment
monitor to forecast rain and high temperatures to help with the problem of people getting trapped in sudden
downpours. We collect and send the data to Firebase by using an IoT interface with a Magnetic switch sensor
to measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, and altitude. If the user needs to have an umbrella with them,
we beep to let them know. The rain sensor is a switch that is turned on when it rains. Rain sensors have two
main uses: one is for automatic irrigation systems, and the other is for automatic windshield wiper modes. In
order to develop a rain detection system that uses a rain sensor to detect the rainfall, this paper will explore a
number of design approaches. Any rain that falls on it is detected by the rain sensor, which then senses the
situation and takes the appropriate action. Arduino can be used to control the system. The Arduino board is
sufficient to interface with and control the rain sensor. whereas a rain control module can be used to control
the sensor's movement. The Arduino Uno board serves as the microcontroller for the module.

Keywords: Internet of things, Phones, Rain Sensor Detector, Andrino Microcontroller.

1. INTRODUCTION
Since a few years ago, electrical and electronic engineers have developed a number of systems for the detection of
rainwater. The themes covered by these projects range from automatic rain detecting windows, which use rain detectors
and sensors in cars to automatically operate the power windows and roof whenever they detect moisture, to the use of rain
detector circuits and devices in irrigation. Oyubu (2017) described in his work how automatic rain-sensing windows were
utilized to create a mechanism that would allow car windows to automatically roll up when it rained, safeguarding the
interior from injury. Cars were the main target audience for the design. Campbell (2000 created a scientific rain detector,
the output of which was utilized to activate or deactivate a different circuit. Whether it is raining or snowing is detected by
the rain detector. A rain detector designed to automatically collect rainwater and store it in a reservoir for residential usage
was incorporated into Mohammed's (2012) work. Prabhakar H. and others invented a gadget in 2016. In their project, there
are trays that react to sunlight by opening and closing. An 8-bit microcontroller that can recognize this weather situation
controls the tray, which is attached to a roof. The method designed by Imran and Gupta (2015) aims to reduce interior
damage, make the gadget user-friendly, and enable automobile windows to automatically roll up when it rains. The
objective is to develop a dependable rain sensing device that a substantial market of car owners can purchase. 2020:
Emeasoba and others Modern technology, such the Internet of Things, enables users to swiftly and effectively operate
hardware devices across a wide area while consuming little power (Baballe et al., 2019; 2023). This energy is necessary for

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 Global J Res Eng Comput Sci. 2023; 3(4), 32-35

many different devices, including those in businesses, homes, and industrial settings. It's important to effectively monitor
the energy consumption of home appliances. Home appliances are regulated online in this project. A system that could
control several electrical loads linked to different terminals was created from the initial concept. The user interface was
developed to engage with the system as soon as the connection was made, allowing consumers to easily control these
household appliances online. Remote users can simply access home appliances using the system when it is routed through
an IP address. As a result, the time delay present in home automation systems using technologies like Bluetooth, Zigbee,
and Z-wave that require remote control or transmission (SMS) is abolished in Internet of Things (IoT) devices and designs
based on the technology in question. However, the user may simply adjust the appliances, which proportionally lowers the
energy use. Raju (2017) employed an Arduino microcontroller, temperature sensor, and rain sensor module for automated
agricultural watering. Ruby and Jawahar (2017) worked on smart agriculture to prevent crops from rotting during rain and
efficiently recycle rainwater for irrigation. In addition to other parts, they made use of the Arduino microcontroller, the Wi-
Fi module, the rain sensors, and the GSM module. Latha and Murthy (2016) created a GSM-based rainfall detector using
Arduino. Rainfall was measured in their study using a rain sensor module with an LM393 interface. A specified mobile
number was then text messaged with the measured values for analysis. When its sensor comes into touch with water, a self-
contained electronic gadget known as a water/rain alarm detector sounds an alarm. It has a rain sensor and a
microprocessor (Jayant, 2015). 2016 (Hernando). It is safe to use in close proximity to high-efficiency water pumps,
washing machines, toilets, and dishwashers (Beard et al., 2010). They might be used to alert consumers about moisture
problems (Becker & Gudesen, 2000). The design of an IOT rain detector device with a GSM notification is shown in this
work. It can detect rain and instantly transmit a notification to a GSM handset. Using an embedded system for rain
detection and its microcontroller programming, the gadget was able to detect any moisture or liquid drop on the rain sensor
panel or board. The system automatically tries to establish a connection with a network provider as soon as it is turned on.
It continuously scans the rain sensor for the presence of water; if it does, it sends an SMS to a pre-registered number and
waits one minute before checking again (Grace et al., 2023). According to our research, there is a link between atmospheric
pressure, humidity, and rainfall. We have employed the Bosch BMP280 environment monitor to forecast rain and high
temperatures in order to address the problem of people being trapped in sudden downpours. We collect and send the data to
Firebase by using an IoT interface with a Magnetic switch sensor to measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, and
altitude. If the user needs to carry an umbrella, we alert them with a beep (Karuna et al., 2023). For IoT applications,
Amado Gutierrez-Gomez conducted a propagation study of LoRa P2P links for near-surface measurements over
semitropical rivers. A method for estimating rainfall quantity and intensity that is based on Gamma-Dose Rate Monitoring
has been proposed by Valentina Yakovleva. Retrieval of raindrop size distribution using dual-polarized microwave signals
from low-earth orbit satellites: a feasibility investigation through simulations is a project by Xi Shen. Mattia Stagnaro
employed dynamic calibration to adjust the readings from the drop counter rain gauge. Investigation of the wind-induced
airflow pattern near this LPM precipitation gauge was Enrico Chinchella's idea. In this work, a rain sensor is used to
measure the amount of precipitation that is falling, and the sensor's output is connected to a signal conditioning unit. The
Arduino microcontroller is then used to process it. The personal computer shows the measured results. To manage the
sensitivity, compare, and convert the analog values to digital values, the sensor is connected to the rain control module
(Yogesh S et al.).

II. ELEMENTS USED IN THE RAIN DETECTOR'S INSTALLATION

A. Rain Control Module – LM393 Comparator
In order to detect water outside the range of a humidity sensor, rain sensors are utilized. When a raindrop hits the rain
board, it can be utilized as a switch, and it can also be used to gauge how hard the rain is falling. The module has a separate
rain board and control board for convenience's sake, a power indicator LED, and a potentiometer-controlled adjustable
sensitivity. In conclusion, the control board module is used to adjust the sensitivity, compare, and convert the analog values
to digital values. The rain board module detects the rainwater.

Fig 1. Rain Control Module – LM393 Comparator

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 Global J Res Eng Comput Sci. 2023; 3(4), 32-35

B. Arduino Board UNO Model

Is an ATmega328P-based microcontroller board (datasheet). It has a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), 6
analog inputs, 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), a USB port, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button. It comes with everything required to support the microcontroller; to use it, just plug in a USB
cable, an AC-to-DC adapter, or a battery to power it. With your Uno, you can experiment without too much concern that
you'll make a mistake. In the worst event, you can start over by replacing the chip for a few dollars. The Italian word "uno"
(which translates to "one") was chosen to signify the 1.0 release of the Arduino Software (IDE). The Uno board with the
Arduino Software (IDE) version 1.0 served as the foundation for later generations of Arduino. The Uno board, the first in a
line of USB Arduino boards, serves as the platform's benchmark. See the Arduino index of boards for a comprehensive list of
all active, retired, or out-of-date boards.

Fig. 2. Arduino Uno

C. Buzzer
A beeper or buzzer, for example, may be electromechanical, piezoelectric, or mechanical. The signal is converted from audio
to sound as its primary function. It is often powered by DC voltage and used in timers, alarm clocks, printers, computers, and
other electronic devices. It can produce a variety of sounds, including alarms, music, bells, and sirens, depending on the
varied designs.

Fig. 3. Buzzer

CONCLUSION
The design and construction of a straightforward rain sensor system employing an Arduino as a microcontroller, a rain
sensor detector, and a buzzer to signal rainfall were the subject of several studies that were covered in this essay. The
equipment in place can monitor resistance and detect rain. The short-range rain sensor system is an easy-to-use, low-cost tool
for detecting precipitation. The device can therefore determine the resistance with an acceptable level of accuracy. Data is
transformed from analog to digital form. The rain detector's components are described.

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 Global J Res Eng Comput Sci. 2023; 3(4), 32-35

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CITE AS
Abdulrahman Y. A., Mukhtar I. B., Sadiku A. S., & M. A. Baballe. (2023). Components utilized in the Rain Detector
Device's implementation. Global Journal of Research in Engineering & Computer Sciences, 3(4), 32–35.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8264224

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