OS1 Tutorial Questions

Q1. What is Operating System? Explain functions of Operating System.
An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and

computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs
all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process
management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral
devices such as disk drives and printers.
An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the

user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of all kinds
of programs.
Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System,

Windows Operating System, VMS, OS/400, AIX etc.
1. Process Management: The OS manages the execution of multiple processes

(programs) simultaneously. It allocates CPU time, memory, and other resources to
processes, ensuring that they run efficiently and without interfering with each other.
2. Memory Management: Operating systems oversee the allocation and deallocation
of memory (RAM) to programs. This includes managing virtual memory, which allows
processes to use more memory than physically available by utilizing storage devices
as an extension of RAM.
3. File System Management: An OS provides a file system that organizes and stores
data on storage devices such as hard drives and SSDs. It handles file creation,
reading, writing, deletion, and access control.
4. Device Management: The OS manages hardware devices such as printers,
keyboards, mice, and network interfaces. It provides drivers and interfaces for
software applications to communicate with these devices.
5. User Interface: Operating systems often offer a user interface (UI) that allows users
to interact with the computer. This can be a command-line interface (CLI), graphical
user interface (GUI), or both.
6. Security and Access Control: OSs implement security features to protect data and
resources. This includes user authentication, access control lists, and encryption to
safeguard sensitive information.
7. Networking: Modern operating systems support networking protocols, enabling
computers to connect to local and remote networks, access the internet, and
communicate with other devices.
8. Error Handling: Operating systems handle errors, exceptions, and crashes gracefully,
preventing system-wide failures and providing error messages to users and
developers for troubleshooting.
9. Task Scheduling: The OS includes a scheduler that determines which processes
should run and when. It prioritizes tasks to optimize CPU usage and system
responsiveness.
Q.2 Explain any 5 internal and 5 external commands of MS DOS.
The Dos operating system allows you to control the computer's behaviour and functionality.
It is a command-line operating system, which implies that you must use commands on the
command line interface to achieve your desired results.
Here are some important Internal and External DOS commands:
Internal commands are loaded into the system memory during system
booting. These internal commands may not be seen, modified, detected, or deleted because
they do not exist in the form of a file. An internal command is the MS-DOS command stored
in system memory and loaded from command.com or cmd.exe
1. DIR:- (Directory) Dir command is used for listing files and directories
present in the current disk.
Syntax:- C:\> DIR [/switches]
Example:- C:\> DIR /P

/P Page wise
/W Widths wise
/S List all files and directory of subdirectories
/AH Display directory with hidden files
/AS Display directory with system files
/AD Display only directories present in current drive
2. DATE:- Display the current Date
Syntax:- C:\> DATE

C:\>DATE
Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and
a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date.
3. TIME:- Display current time
Syntax:- C:\> TIME
Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt for
a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time.
Note:- We enter the time in the format of 24 hour clock.
4. CLS:- (Clear the screen) This command is used to clear the screen or wipe
out every thing written on the screen.
Syntax:- C:\> CLS and press Enter
5. COPY CON:- This command gives the facility to create a new text file.
Syntax:- C:\> COPY CON <Filename>

After copy con we must specify a suitable file name. Press enter. Start typing the
information of the file. After gathering the information we press ^Z (CTRL+Z)
button or F6 button to save the file.
Suppose we don't want to save the file or we just want to abort from file creation
job, then we simply press ^C (CTRL+C) button to abort without saving the file.
External commands
External commands are stored in the system memory after system booting. These
external commands may easily be viewed, changed, deleted, or copied as they are
present in the form of a file.
1. EDIT
This command is used to modify or change the data of a file.
Syntax is
C:\> EDIT filename
2. XCopy
It is used to copy all the files in a directory, including the files in
the sub-directories of that directory.
Syntax : C:\>xcopy < source> < destination>
3. Label
It lets you create, modify or delete the label assigned to a disk.
Syntax : C:\>label < drive name>
4. Print
It prints a text file.
Syntax : C:\>print < filename>
5. DISKCOPY
This command copies the contents of one floppy from the source drive to a
formatted or un-formatted floppy disk in the destination drive.
Syntax
Diskcopy A: B:
copies contents of A: to B: drive.

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Q1. What is Operating System? Explain functions of Operating System.

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and

An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the

Some popular Operating Systems include Linux Operating System,

1. Process Management: The OS manages the execution of multiple processes

Q.2 Explain any 5 internal and 5 external commands of MS DOS.

Here are some important Internal and External DOS commands:

Syntax:- C:\> DIR [/switches]

Example:- C:\> DIR /P

2. DATE:- Display the current Date

Syntax:- C:\> DATE

3. TIME:- Display current time

Syntax:- C:\> TIME

Note:- We enter the time in the format of 24 hour clock.

Syntax:- C:\> CLS and press Enter

Syntax:- C:\> COPY CON <Filename>

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