Lecture 10 and 11

Unit 3-Biodiversity
Lecture10 and 11:

Biodiversity and conservation
(Levels of biological diversity : genetic,
species and ecosystem diversity, Values
of biodiversity, Biodiversity hot spots.)
1
Learning outcomes
After completing this lecture
• Student will get knowledge about

biodiversity.
• Student will get knowledge about

values of biodiversity, biodiversity hot
spots.
2
BIODIVERSITY
3
Biodiversity
The term biodiversity is made up of two words - bio and diversity.

Bio means living and diversity means variety. So the variety or
variability of organisms and ecosystem is referred to as biodiversity.
4
Kinds/Levels of biodiversity
Genetic Diversity
Variations among the genes of the same species are known as
genetic diversity.
It is this type of diversity that gives rise to the different varieties of
rice, mangoes,etc.
5
Species Diversity
Species diversity is the number of different species that are
represented in a given community
Or
Diversity which arises due to variations among species present in
specific areas is called as ‘species diversity’. Horses and donkeys
are distinct species, as are lions and tigers.
6
Ecosystem Diversity
Ecosystem diversity is therefore, the diversity of habitats which
include the different life forms within. The term also refers to the
variety of ecosystems found within a biogeographically political
boundary
An example of ecological diversity on a global scale would be the
variation in ecosystems, such as deserts, forests, grasslands,
wetlands and oceans.
7
Value of Biodiversity
• Consumptive values:
Food
Goods like fuel, timber, paper, and medicines
• Recreation: The biodiversity of the planet enables activities

like wildlife tourism, nature photography, bird watching etc.
• Genetic resources: Biotechnology and genetic engineering

use the genes of organisms to make new types of crops,
medicines etc.
• Ecosystem functions
• Aesthetic and cultural benefits
Value of biodiversity
Survival
Health and
Ecological
Healing
Services
Productive Ethical and Aesthetic Value

Value
9
Hot spots of Biodiversity
The richest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life
on earth.
• There are about 25 such hotspots in the world
• Mostly in the tropical forests.
These have been identified based on three criteria:–
i) The number of species present.

ii) The number of those species found exclusively
in an ecosystem.
iii) The degree of threat they face.
10
Hot Spots of India
Two regions that satisfy these criteria exist in India
The Western Ghats
North–East Himalaya
11
Endangered species
Plant or animal species which are at the verge of their extinction

are called endangered species.
Elephant, Gir lion, Crocodile, Flamingo, Bengal Tiger, etc. are

some endangered animal species of India.
12
Endangered species of India
Indian vulture
Red panda
Gharial 13
Extinction of species
• An irreversible loss of species is called biological extinction.

• By extinction we mean complete disappearance of a species,
that is not a single member of the extinct species is found on
earth.
• Local and ecological extinction
• Before a species goes biologically extinct, it goes through
stages of local and ecological extinction
• Local extinction means that the species is no longer found in
the area it once inhabited.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6Ua_zWDH6U
14
Endemic Species
The plant or animal species confined to a particular region and

having originated there or a species which occur continuously in
that area are known as endemic species. Restriction of species or
taxa in small region is known as endemism.. Camel in Desert,
Gir Lion in Gir region of Gujrat, Kangaroo in Australia, Bengal
Tiger in Bengal. etc. are some of the endemic plants of India.
15
Important Web Links
http://intranet.bhu.ac.in/unit4.pdf
https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/modelcurriculum/C
hapter4.pdf
16
Acknowledgment
Some images, animation, and material have been
taken from the following sources:
Textbooks: PERSPECTIVE IN
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES by ANUBHA
KAUSHIK, C P KAUSHIK, NEW AGE
INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS
References Book: TEXTBOOK OF

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES by D. DAVE
AND S. S. KATEWA, CENGAGE LEARNING
All slides can be used for reading purpose

17
only

Lecture 10 and 11

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 10 and 11

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 10 and 11

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit 3-Biodiversity

Lecture10 and 11:

• Student will get knowledge about

• Student will get knowledge about

The term biodiversity is made up of two words - bio and diversity.

• Recreation: The biodiversity of the planet enables activities

• Genetic resources: Biotechnology and genetic engineering

Productive Ethical and Aesthetic Value

These have been identified based on three criteria:–

i) The number of species present.

Two regions that satisfy these criteria exist in India

The Western Ghats

Plant or animal species which are at the verge of their extinction

Elephant, Gir lion, Crocodile, Flamingo, Bengal Tiger, etc. are

• An irreversible loss of species is called biological extinction.

The plant or animal species confined to a particular region and

References Book: TEXTBOOK OF

All slides can be used for reading purpose

You might also like