EL 16 Module 5

Module 5
ABSTRACTION
To sum up what you have learned in this module, please answer the following question: How
does a researcher conceptualize his/her research?
Research is often said to be seeking to ‘solve’ a problem or fill a ‘gap’ in what is known.
A useful step in conceptualising your research is to define the problem that your research
seeks to solve. In doing this, you’ll need to contextualise and position your research in terms
of what is already known.
This is why a review of the literature in the area of your research topic is essential for
clarifying your ‘problem’, research objectives and research questions.
Questions to ask yourself when defining your research problem include:
 What is known about your research topic?

 What specific questions, if answered, would extend your area of research?
 What could your research add to what is known, and why is this important?
If you aren’t clear on where the ‘gaps’ are that your research could seek to fill, consider the
recommendations for further research that have been made in the topic area and discuss with
your supervisor and others knowledgeable in the field.
Defining the research problem is the first step before determining your research design, as it
is only after you’ve defined the problem that you’ll be able to identify the methods and
techniques to solve it.
APPLICATION
After generating a specific research topic in your initial activity, start to review at least three
related literature and study. Search research articles in Google scholar or other reputable
databases. You are now starting to make your research plan.
Specific topic: (write your chosen topic here)
READING COMPREHENSION OF BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

PROGRAM
Specific questions: (Formulate at least three (3) specific research questions)
1. How many males and females exceled the post-test material?

2. What is the reading and writing proficiency rate of bachelor of secondary education
program for A.Y 2022-2023?
3. Is the reading and writing comprehension of bachelor of secondary education
program A.Y 2021-2022 has significant effect to their academic performance?
Research methodology: (Analyze your research questions and identify the appropriate
design: descriptive or experimental)
The study will be conducted with mixed design methodology. Quantitative data and
qualitative data will be collected with the quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test and
control group design. Qualitative data will be collected with a semi-structured interview
form.
Related literature: (Cite at least three related literature about the research topic.)
Reading simply can be defined as a process to understand and get information from a text.
Cohesion is the meaning relation that appears within the text in order to build connection
among the different parts of the text. Understanding the cohesion can bring the students to
get good comprehension in reading. Therefore, in this research, the researchers want to
prove that students’ cohesion understanding can be correlated with student’s reading
comprehension. The purpose of this research is to investigate and to find out the correlation
between EFL Learners’ cohesion and their reading comprehension. The subjects of this
research were the fourth semester students at English education department of State Islamic
Institute of Metro in the Academic Year of 2019/2020. To investigate and calculate the
correlation between those variables, the researchers applies Product-moment Pearson-
correlation. The result of data analysis shows that “r observed” for correlation between
cohesion understanding and reading comprehension is 0.728, after considering the Product
Moment table by using df 30 it can be found that the critical value of r Product Moment
for the 5% level is 0.361 and for the 1% level is 0.463. The data confirmed that
“r observed” is higher than “r table”. Therefore, it can be inferred that there is a positive
and significant correlation between the students’ cohesion understanding and reading
comprehension among the fourth semester students at English education department of
State Islamic Institute of Metro (Henti 2020)
Moreover, In the recent years, educators have found that there are so many different factors
that effects students' performance in science and math classes. Especially reading
comprehension has changed so many traditional procedures in teaching math and science.
It also shows remarkable benefits. This research focuses on the effects of reading
comprehension on mathematics and science achievement. Students' academic performance
on the mentioned classes and their motivation towards those courses will also be the focus
of the research. The research is based on the data gathered from the latest PISA results and
the opinions of secondary school teachers and students. Findings of this research indicate
that there is a correlation between reading comprehension results and student success in
math or science classes. It also indicates that reading comprehension contributes positively
or negatively to the success results in math or science classes. (Akbasli 2021)
Hamza Al-Jarrah latest study proves that one of the most significant problems faced by
instructors is reading deficiency in English texts among the university students, which
reflects the students’ poor academic performance. It is assumed that learners who are
unable to read and comprehend face many challenges during their studies and after
graduation. This study aims to investigate reading comprehensions difficulties among EFL
learners in higher learning institutions. The study employed quantitative method, 100 out
of 281 Arab students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) and Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu (UMT) were selected to participate in responding to the questions. Cross
tabulation was used to analyze data from the test. Findings from the test indicated that the
major difficulty faced by the Arab EFL learners is inability to recognize the types of text.
This study concludes that the reading comprehension difficulties faced by Arab EFL
learners in the selected institutions could affect their English language proficiency and
academic performance. To find solutions to these difficulties, there is a need for shared
efforts of English language teachers, instruction policy makers, public and private bodies
responsible for educational policy learning and implementation, and the EFL learners.

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Module 5

 What is known about your research topic?

READING COMPREHENSION OF BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Specific questions: (Formulate at least three (3) specific research questions)

1. How many males and females exceled the post-test material?

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