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    12 Physics Notes Ch02 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

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    1) Electrostatic potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit charge to bring a charge from infinity to that point. 2) The electrostatic potential due to a point charge Q at a distance r is given by V(r) = Q/4πε0r. 3) For a system of multiple charges, the potential at a point is calculated using the superposition principle by summing the potentials due to each individual charge.

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    12 Physics Notes Ch02 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

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    agerda152
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    1) Electrostatic potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit charge to bring a charge from infinity to that point. 2) The electrostatic potential due to a point charge Q at a distance r is given by V(r) = Q/4πε0r. 3) For a system of multiple charges, the potential at a point is calculated using the superposition principle by summing the potentials due to each individual charge.

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    1) Electrostatic potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit charge to bring a charge from infinity to that point. 2) The electrostatic potential due to a point charge Q at a distance r is given by V(r) = Q/4πε0r. 3) For a system of multiple charges, the potential at a point is calculated using the superposition principle by summing the potentials due to each individual charge.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views2 pages

    12 Physics Notes Ch02 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

    Uploaded by

    agerda152
    1) Electrostatic potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit charge to bring a charge from infinity to that point. 2) The electrostatic potential due to a point charge Q at a distance r is given by V(r) = Q/4πε0r. 3) For a system of multiple charges, the potential at a point is calculated using the superposition principle by summing the potentials due to each individual charge.

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    CBSE Class-12 Physics Quick Revision Notes

    Chapter-02: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

    • Electrostatic Potential at a Point:


    It is the work done by per unit charge by an external agency, in bringing a charge from
    infinity to that point.
    • Electrostatic Potential due to a Charge at a Point:
    2 Q
    V (r ) =
    4πε 0 r
    • The electrostatic potential at a point with position vector r due to a point dipole of dipole
    moment p place at the origin is
    1 p.r
    V (r ) =
    4πε 0 r 2
    The result is true also for a dipole (with charges –q and q separated by 2a) for r >> a.
    • For a charge configuration q1, q2, …… qn with position vectors r1, r2, ….rn, the potential at
    a point P is given by the superposition principle,
    1 
    q q ..... q 
    V=4  1 + 2 + + n 
    πε 0  r1 p r2 p rnp 
    where r1p is the distance between q1, and P, as and so on.
    • Electrostatics Potential Energy Stored in a System of Charges:
    It is the work done (by an external agency) in assembling the charges at their locations.
    • Electrostatic Potential Energy of Two Charges q1, q2, at r1, r2:
    1 q1q2
    U=
    4πε 0 r12
    where r12 is distance between q1 and q2
    • Potential Energy of a Charge q in an External Potential:
    V(r)= qV(r)
    • Potential Energy of a Dipole of Dipole Moment p in a Uniform Electric Field:
    E = –p.E.
    • Equipotential Surface:
    An equipotential surface is a surface over which potential has a constant value.
    a) For a point charge, concentric spheres centered at a location of the charge are
    equipotential surfaces.
    b) The electric field E at a point is perpendicular to the equipotential surface through
    the point.
    c) E is in the direction of the steepest decrease of potential.
    • Capacitance C of a System of Two Conductors Separated by an Insulator:
    It is defined as,
    Q
    C=
    V

    Portal for CBSE Notes, Test Papers, Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
    where Q and – Q are the charges on the two conductors V is the potential difference
    between them.
    • Capacitance is determined purely geometrically, by the shapes, sizes, and relative
    positions of the two conductors.
    • Capacitance C of a parallel plate capacitor (with vacuum between the plates):
    A
    C = ε0
    d
    where A is the area of each plate and d the separation between them.
    • For capacitors in the series combination:
    The total capacitance C is
    1 1 1 1
    = + + + ....
    C C1 C2 C3
    • For capacitors in the parallel combination:
    The total capacitance C is
    = 1 + C2 + C3 + ......
    where C1, C2, CC C individual capacitances
    3... are
    • The energy U stored in a capacitor of capacitance C, with charge Q and voltage V:
    1 1 1 Q2
    U = QV = CV 2 =
    2 2 2 C
    • The electric energy density (energy per unit volume) in a region with electric
    field:
    (1/ 2)ε 0 E 2
    • The potential difference between the conductor (radius ro) inside & outside
    spherical shell (radius R):
    q 1 1
    φ (r0 ) − φ ( R) =  − 
    4πε 0  r0 R 
    which is always positive.
    • When the medium between the plates of a capacitor filled with an insulating
    substance:
    Changes observed are as follows:
    i. Polarization of the medium gives rise to a field in the opposite direction.
    ii. The net electric field inside the insulating medium is reduced.
    iii. Potential difference between the plates is thus reduced.
    iv. Capacitance C increases from its value when there is no medium (vacuum).
    where K is the dielectric constant of the insulating substance.
    • Electrostatic Shielding:
    A conductor has a cavity with no charge inside the cavity, then no matter what happens
    outside the conductor. Even if there are intense electric fields outside the conductor, the
    cavity inside has, shielding whatever is inside the cavity from whatever is outside the
    cavity. This is called electrostatic shielding.

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