Microwave Doppler

Radar Motion
Sensor
HB100

Prepared By
Shashank Bagda
 Documentation
Index

1. INTRODUCTION
2. POWER SUPPLY
3. TRANSMISSION & RADIATION
4. OUTPUT SIGNALS
5. NOISE
6. ANNEX 1
7. ANNEX 2
8. DOPPLAR EQUATION
9. INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO
10. CODE
11. INTERFACING DIAGRAM
12. APPLICATIONS AND USES
01 INTRODUCTION
HB Series of microwave motion sensor
module are X-Band
Mono-static DRO Doppler transceiver front-
end module. These
modules are designed for movement
detection, like intruder
alarms, occupancy modules and other
innovative ideas.
The module consists of Dielectric Resonator
Oscillator (DRO),
microwave mixer and patch antenna (see
Diagram A).
This Application Note highlights some
important points when
designing-in HB100 module. Most of the
points are also
applicable to other models in this series.

MOUNTI NG :
Header Pins can be used to connected
the terminals (+5V, IF, GND) to the
amplifier circuit as well as
mounting support. Other mounting
methods may be used.
Wave-solder the module onto PCBA is
possible but processes has to be
evaluated to prevent
deterioration. No-cleaning process is
recommended.
Caution must be taken to avoid applying
pressure or stresses to the chassis of the
module. As it may
cause performance deterioration.
 Power
Supply 02
BEFORE POWER UP:

Connect the power supply, Ground

and amplifier
circuitry at the designed terminals.
Designation of
the connection terminals are printed
on the PCB
as shown in Diagram

DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY:

The module operates at +5 Vdc for Continious wave (CW)

operation (see Annex 1).
The module can be powered by +5V low duty cycle pulsed trains in
order to reduce its power
consumption. Sample & Hold circuit at the IF output is required for
pulse operation (see Annex 2).
 03 Transmission
& Radiation
TRANSMIT FREQUENCY:
The transmit frequency and power of
the module is set by factory. There is no
user adjustable part in
this device.
The module is a low power radio device
(LPRD) or intended radiator. Local radio
communication
authority regulates use of such a
device. Though user license may be
exempted, type approval of
equipment or other regulation
compliance may be required.
Annex 3 shown the allocated frequency
in some countries.

RADIATION PATTERN:

The module to be mounted with the

antenna patches facing to the
desired detection zone. The user may
vary the orientation of the module to
get the best coverage. The radiation
patterns of the antenna and
their half power beam width (HPBW)
are shown in below diagram.
 OUTPUT
SIGNALS 04
DOPPLER SHIFT:
Doppler shift - Doppler shift output from IF terminal when movement is detected. The
magnitude of the Doppler Shift is proportional to reflection of transmitted energy and is in
the range of microvolts (μV). A high gain low frequency amplifier is usually connected to
the IF terminal in order to amplify the Doppler shift to a processable level (see Annex 1).
Frequency of Doppler shift is proportional to velocity of motion.

Typical human walking generates Doppler shift below 100 Hz. Doppler frequency can be
calculated by Doppler equation in Annex 4. The Received Signal Strength (RSS) is the
voltage measured of the Doppler shift at the IF output. The RSS figure specified in the
technical data sheet is level of a 25 Hz Doppler shift, generate from the modulated
microwave signal received at the received antenna, The received microwave signal is
attenuated to 93 dB below the transmit microwave signal from the transmit antenna of the
same unit.

The 93dB loss is the total losses combining two ways free space loss (82.4 dB for 30
meters at 10.525 GHz), reflection less and absorption loss of the target, as well as other
losses. This RSS figure can be view as an approximation of the output signal strength for a
human at 15 meters away walking straight to the module at 1.28 km/hour.

Reflection of a human body is varied with the size of the body, clothing, apparels and other
environmental factors; RSS measured for two human bodies may vary by 50%.
Circuit designer must take note the maximum and minimum Received Signal Strength
(RSS) specified in technical data sheet, when designing the amplifier. Sensitive deviation
between modules has to be considered when setting amplifier gain or alarm threshold. On-
production-line gain adjustment may be necessary if a narrow window for triggering
threshold is required.
05 NOISE
Noise - The noise figure specified in the technical data sheet is the noise
measured in an Anechoic
chamber, that shield the unit-under-test from external interference, as well as
reflection from surfaces.
Hence, the figure is only presenting the noise generated by the internal circuit
itself.
Other than noises generate from internal electronic circuit, in actual applications,
other noises may be
picked up from surrounding, or other part of the electronic circuit.
Specially attention has to be given to the interference pick up from fluorescent
light, as the 100/120 Hz
noise is closed to the Doppler frequency generated by human movement
On and off switching of certain devices (relay, LED, motor, etc.) may generated
high magnitude of
transient noise at the IF terminal. Careful PCB layout and time masking is
necessary to prevent false
triggering.

DC - LEVEL:

DC Level - DC level (0.01 to 0.2 Vdc) exists at the IF terminal and its polarity can
be positive Va1n.0d2
negative. Its magnitude may vary over temperature. AC coupling is
recommended for IF terminal
connection.
06
ANNEX 1:
Amplifier Circuit (CW operation)
07
ANNEX 2:
Amplifier Circuit (Pulse operation,
PRF =2 KHz, Duty Cycle = 4%)
08 Doppler
Equation
 Interfacing
with Arduino 09

INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO

Now its time to interface the HB100 with the Arduino UNO. As we studied earlier
the signal came out from the HB100 is very weak so now we have to amplify the
signal using the annex 1 circuit in the final configuration.
So to faithfully amplify the signal came out of the HB100 we have to follow the
Annex 1 as given above.
Here I created the PCB of the Annex 1 and you need to do the same. Here I pasted
the image of the Circuit and all the connections are as above.
Here the blue colored represent the positive power supply. Here it carries the +5V
Power supply consumed from the Arduino UNO.
Now the orange colored cable represents the IF Terminal of the HB100 and on the
other end connect the same with the digital pin D7 of the Arduino UNO.
Now connect the ground terminal of the HB100 with the PCB and the other end of
the PCB with the ground of the Arduino UNO.
Now your setup is complete and now its time to code the Arduino UNO.
CODE 10
11 Line
Comment

#include<FreqPeriod.h>

This line means...

We are including the FreqPeriod library to our code. This library is
specially used for the measuring of the Frequencies and show the
exact output in the Serial Monitor.

Link for Library Download:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LKV5j84LYQXjzxAgz1P0HibcpGzLQe
xY/view?usp=sharing

double lfrq;
long int pp;

This two lines means...

We are declaring one double variable lfrq and one long int pp.
 Line
Comment 11
Now moving to the Void Setup()

Serial.begin(9600);
This line means...
We are determining the board rate to 9600. So now we have to select 9600 in the
serial monitor. After that we are able to see well synchronized output of the
HB100

FreqPeriod::begin();
This line means...
We are calling the begin function from the included library.

Serial.println("FreqPeriod Library Test");

This line means...
We are declaring text which is going to display on the Serial Monitor. Here as you
can see println is written which means it will be printed in a new line everytime
when the board rate refreshes.
 Line
Comment 11
Now moving to the Void loop()

pp = FreqPeriod::getPeriod();
This line means...
We are declaring or we can say allotting the long int pp with the value that we get
in the library function called getPeriod.

if (pp) {
Serial.print ("period: ");
Serial.print(pp);
Serial.print(" 1/16us / frequency: ");

lfrq = 16000400.0 /pp;

Serial.print(lfrq);
Serial.print(" Hz ");
Serial.print(lfrq/31.36);
Serial.println(" Mph ");
delay(200);
}

Here we are creating a loop in which we are printing the text on the serial monitor
like period and then we will print the value of period which is pp. After that we will
print the frequency lfrq on the serial monitor whose equation is 16000400.0/pp.
Now after that moving to the last part of the code in which we going to display the
frequency in Hz. In next line they have shown the equation of the Hz = lfrq/31.36
which is in Mph.
After that we are giving a delay of 200 micro seconds and after that the loop
breaks and again follow the loop part contineously.
12 Applications
and Uses

HB100 Miniature Microwave Motion Sensor is an

X-Band Bi-Static Doppler transceiver module.
It has a built-in Dielectric Resonator Oscillator
(DRO) and a pair of Microstrip patch antenna
array, making it ideal for usage in motion
detection equipment.
This module is ideal for...
1. Alarms
2. Motion detectors
3. Lighting control
4. Vehicle speed measurement
5. Automatic doors.
MICROWAVE
RADAR DOPPLER
SENSOR

Thank You