Drive Image Manual

User's Manual
R-Drive Image
(c) R-Tools Technology Inc

2023. All rights reserved.
www.r-tt.com
© R-Tools Technology Inc. 2023
All rights reserved.
No part of this User's Manual may be copied, altered, or transferred to, any other media
without written, explicit consent from R-Tools Technology Inc..
R-Tools Technology Inc. has developed this User's Manual to the best of its knowledge,
but does not guarantee that the program will fulfill all the desires of the user.
No warranty is made in regard to specifications or features.
R-Tools Technology Inc. retains the right to make alterations to the content of this
Manual without the obligation to inform third parties.
R-Drive Image is a registered trademark of R-Tools Technology, Inc.

Windows 9x/?M E/?NT4.0/Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7,8/8.1, 10, Windows Server 2003, 2008,
2012, 2016 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Mac OS X, OS X, and macOS are registered trademarks of Apple Inc.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Contents I
Table of Contents
I R-Drive Image 1
1 R-Drive Image
...................................................................................................................................
Features 2
2 System Requirements
................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Contact Information
...................................................................................................................................
and Technical Support 4
4 R-Drive Image
...................................................................................................................................
Registration 6
II Disk Actions 9
1 Create an
...................................................................................................................................
Image 10
2 Create an
...................................................................................................................................
Image from Files 23
3 Restore ...................................................................................................................................
Data from an Image 27
4 Copy a Disk
...................................................................................................................................
to a Disk 40
5 Partition...................................................................................................................................
Manager 46
6 Mount an
...................................................................................................................................
Image as a Virtual Logical Disk 50
7 Unmount...................................................................................................................................
Virtual Logical Disks 52
8 Check an
...................................................................................................................................
Image File 54
III Advanced File Filtering 56

1 Filters ................................................................................................................................... 56
2 Batch Mode
................................................................................................................................... 57
IV RAIDs, and Various Disk and Volume

Managers 61
1 Hardware
...................................................................................................................................
RAIDs 63
2 Windows
...................................................................................................................................
Software RAIDs, Mirrors, and Spanned Volumes 64
3 Windows
...................................................................................................................................
Storage Spaces 68
4 Apple RAIDs
................................................................................................................................... 71
5 Apple CoreStorage/File
...................................................................................................................................
Vault/Fusion Drive Volumes 72
6 Linux mdadm
...................................................................................................................................
RAIDs 76
7 Linux Logical
...................................................................................................................................
Volume Manager Volumes 78
V Startup Version 79
1 Create Startup
...................................................................................................................................
Disks 80
2 Load Computer
...................................................................................................................................
into Startup Mode 85
3 Restore ...................................................................................................................................
Data from an Image 89
4 Create an
...................................................................................................................................
Image 94
5 Disk to Disk
...................................................................................................................................
Copy 97
6 Create ...................................................................................................................................
an Image from Files 101
7 Partition
...................................................................................................................................
Manager 101
© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

II R-Drive Image Manual
8 Check an
...................................................................................................................................
Image File 101
9 Network
...................................................................................................................................
Drives 102
VI Scheduled Actions, Command Line

Operations, and Scripting 103
1 Scheduler
...................................................................................................................................
and Unattended Actions 104
Create a Task .......................................................................................................................................................... 105
Edit a Task .......................................................................................................................................................... 108
Delete a Task .......................................................................................................................................................... 109
Run a Task Manually
.......................................................................................................................................................... 109
2 Rotation
...................................................................................................................................
Schemes (Backup Sets) 110
Sim ple Rotation..........................................................................................................................................................
Schem es 110
Custom Rotation Schem es
.......................................................................................................................................................... 114
An exam ple of a..........................................................................................................................................................
rotation schem e 115
3 Scripting
...................................................................................................................................
and Command Line Operations 119
Create a Script ..........................................................................................................................................................
from R-Drive Im age 120
Create a Script ..........................................................................................................................................................
Manually 121
VII Technical Information 138

1 Updates
................................................................................................................................... 139
2 Logging
................................................................................................................................... 140
3 Creating
...................................................................................................................................
Consistent Point-in-Time Backups 141
4 Support...................................................................................................................................
for Various Disk Partitioning Schemes and File Systems 144
5 Supported
...................................................................................................................................
Virtual Disk and Disk Image Formats 145
6 Disk Wiping
...................................................................................................................................
Algorithms 146
7 Supported
...................................................................................................................................
CD and DVD Recorders 148
8 List of Hardware
...................................................................................................................................
Devices Supported in the Startup Mode 148
VIII R-Drive Image OEM kit 154

1 Create ...................................................................................................................................
a Master Image 156
2 Create ...................................................................................................................................
Startup Media 156
Index 161

R-Drive Image 1
I R-Drive Image
R-Drive Image is unique and powerful drive image software. It creates drive image files on-the-fly, that is,
without stopping Windows. Such images may be stored anywhere including various removable media. It
compresses image data with variable compression level to save free space. It also restores such images on the
disks on-the-fly, except system partitions. R-Drive Image creates special startup disk (a startup CD/DVD disc,
or USB removable storage device) to restore system partitions. It mounts images as virtual disks to copy only
certain files from the images. It also directly copies an entire disk to another - no time spent for file structure
scanning.
System integrators and computer assemblers can use R-Drive Image OEM kit to create system recovery disks to
include them with their fully assembled computer systems.
Note: The current version has a limited support for dynamic disks or other non-MBR/GPT partitioning scheme.
See Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems for details.
The R-Drive Image Features topic tells more about R-Drive Image.
The System Requirements topic tells more about R-Drive Image system requirements.
The R-Drive Image Registration topic explains how to register your copy of R-Drive Image.
The Disk Actions chapter explains disk actions such as:

· Create an Image of a partition, logical disk, or entire hard drive
· Create an Image from Files
· Restore Data from an Image
· Copy Disk to Disk to
make an exact copy of one disk on another
· Manage partition and logical disks
· Mount an Image as a Virtual Logical Disk (read-only)
· Unmount Virtual Logical Disks
· Check an Image File to check an existing image file
The RAIDs, and Various Disk and Volume Managers chapter explains how to perform disk actions with
various compound volumes such as:
· Windows Software RAIDs, Spanned, and Other Volumes
· Windows Storage Spaces
· Mac RAIDs
· Linux Logical Volume Manager Volumes
The Startup Version chapter explains how to perform disk actions using the R-Drive Image Startup Version
such as:
· Create Startup Disk
· Restoring Data to a System or Other Locked Disk
· Create an Image Using the Startup Disks
· Disk to Disk Copy Using the Startup Disks

2 R-Drive Image Manual
The Scheduled Actions, Command Line Operations, and Scripting chapter explains how to start disk actions
automatically at scheduled times/events and create scripts that can be performed from a command line.
· Scheduler and Unattended Actions
· Scripting and Command Line Operations
· Rotation schemes (backup sets)
The Technical Information chapter gives technical information on

· Logging
· Creating consistent point-in-time backups
· Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems
· Supported CD and DVD Recorders
· List of Hardware Devices Supported in the Startup Mode
The R-Drive Image OEM kit chapter explains how computer system integrators can create system recovery
disks for their systems
· Create a Master Image
· Create Startup Media
Follow this link to obtain R-Drive Image Contact Information and Technical Support
R-Drive Image is a registered trademark of R-Tools Technology, Inc.
Window s 9x/?ME/?NT4.0/Window s 2000, XP, Vista, 7,8/8.1, 10, Window s Server 2003, 2008, 2012, 2016 are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
Mac OS X, OS X, and macOS are registered trademarks of Apple Inc.
1.1 R-Drive Image Features

R-Drive Image is unique and powerful drive image software. It creates disk images: files that contain exact,
byte-by-byte, copies of hard drives, partitions, or logical disks. Such images may be stored in any location: other
hard disks or various removable media, such as CD-R(W) and DVD discs, USB external disks, and network
drives. At any time, data from such images may be restored on their original disks or on any other partitions or
even on drive's free space. Images may contain data from the partitions, logical disks, and entire hard drives, or
only individual files.
Note: The current version has a limited support for dynamic disks or other non-MBR/GPT partitioning schemes.
Using R-Drive Image, you can completely restore your system immediately after heavy data loss caused by an
operating system crash, virus attack, or hardware failure. You can also use R-Drive Image for mass system
deployment: if you need to setup many identical computers, you can setup manually only one system, than, using
R-Drive Image, you can make an image of the system, and deploy it on all other computers, saving your time
and cost.
You can copy a hard drive, partition, or logical disk directly to another one. Such copying is much faster than
traditional file by file copying, as no time spent for file structure scanning.
If you need to restore only certain files from an image, you can mount that image as a read-only virtual disk and
copy those files directly from the image using Windows Explorer or any other file utility.

R-Drive Image 3
R-Drive Image includes a partition manager that can delete, wipe, create, and re-sized partitions and logical
disks.
If you are a system integrator, consultant, or computer assembler, you can use R-Drive Image OEM kit to create
system recovery disks to include them with your fully assembled computer systems.
R-Drive Image features:
· A simple wizard interface – no in-depth computer management skills are required.
· Commands in the shortcut menu to perform some disk actions, like restoring data from an image file and
mounting an image as a virtual disk directly from Windows explorer.
· Image files are created on-the-fly, no need to stop and restart Windows. All other disk writes are stored in a
cache until the image is created.
· Images can be created for storage devices with removable media.
· Images can contain data from the entire disk or useful information only, that is, only those disk parts that
contain data from existing files.
· Images can be created from individual files, not only partitions and logical disks.
· Images can be burned on CD/DVD recorders directly from the program
· Image data can be compressed to save free space.
· Image files can be stored on removable media. Support for USB 2.0 and 3.0 devices in the startup mode.
· Images can be split into several files to fit the type of the storage medium.
· Image can be created incrementally and differentially.
· Image files can be password-protected and contain comments.
· Partition manager that allows you to delete, wipe, create, and resize partitions and logical disks. It can be
used to clean entire hard drives before disposal.
· Support for several image format types: .rdr (R-Drive Image's proprietary internal format), and virtual
machine formats: VHD/VHDX, VDI, and VMDK (last two only in Corporate, Technician, Commercial,
OEM System Recovery Media versions). In addition, you may open several additional formats: .dmg
(Apple Disk Image), e01(ewf) , and aff (advanced forensic format), the latest two for the Commercial and
OEM System Recovery Media versions.
· Support for various non-MBR/GPT partitioning schemes and file systems. See Support for Various Disk
Partition Schemes and File Systems for details.
· Support for RAIDs, and various disk and volume managers, such as Windows Storage Spaces, Apple
RAIDs, Apple CoreStorage/File Vault/Fusion Drives, and Linux LVM.
· Data from an image are restored on-the-fly, except on a system partition. Data to the system partition can be
restored either by restarting R-Drive Image in its startup mode directly from Windows, or by using
specially created startup disks.
· Special startup disks (a startup CD/DVD disc or USB removable storage device) can be created to restore
data to a system partition. Such disks can be used to perform basic disk imaging operations on Mac
computers with some restrictions.
· Data from an image can be restored on a free (unpartitioned) space on any place on a hard drive. The size of
the restored partition can be changed
· Data from an image can be restored on other existing partitions. R-Drive Image deletes such partitions and
restores data on that free space.
· An entire disk can be directly copied to another one.

· An image can be mounted as a read-only virtual drive and its content can be viewed and copied.
· An image can be checked for its integrity.
· Support for S.M.A.R.T. warnings.
· A built-in scheduler automatically starts disk actions at scheduled times/events.
· Scripts can be created for frequent or unattended actions. Scripts are executed from a command line and can
be included in any command file.
· Advanced and versatile logs accessible directly from the user interface.
· Support for rotation schemes (backup sets). A rotation scheme is a set of files (usually a file for a full image
of an object and a number of its incremental/differential backups) which R-Drive Image treats as one unit.
Rotation schemes (backup sets) are used to flexibly control the parameters of complex backup tasks such as
a total size allocated for the image files, number of image files to keep, and time for which the data will be
kept. Available are simple and custom rotation schemes. Custom rotation schemes are available in the
Corporate, Technician, Commercial, and OEM System Recovery Media versions.
· R-Drive Image OEM System Recovery Media creation: special startup disk that may be used to
restore a computer system after a complete failure when it requires a complete fresh setup (system recovery
disks).
Note: You need to purchase an OEM registration key to activate this feature.
The Disk Actions chapter explains basic disk actions.

The Startup Version chapter explains how to perform disk actions using the R-Drive Image Startup
Version.
The Technical Information chapter gives technical information on Supported CD and DVD Recorders and
List of Hardware Devices Supported in the Startup Mode and another useful technical information.
1.2 System Requirements
· An Intel-compatible platform.
· The administrative privileges are required to install and run R-Drive Image.
Operating systems on which various versions can run:
· All versions: Windows 11/10/8.1/8/7/Vista/XP/2000 Windows (including 64 bits editions).
· Corporate, Technician, Commercial versions: Server 2022/2019/2016/2012/2008/2003 (including 64 bits
editions).
1.3 Contact Information and Technical Support

To obtain the latest version of R-Drive Image, go to:
Product Site: http://www.drive-image.com/
Sales Department: [email protected]
The R-Drive Image Technical Support Team is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and has an
average e-mail response time less than 4 hours.
Tech. Support: [email protected]
You may send a support request form from http://www.r-tt.com/Support_request.html.

R-Drive Image 5
You may be asked to provide a system dump.

To create a system dump:
1 Go to the About dialog box
R-Drive Image Action selection panel
2 And click the Write system dump button

Write system dump button

1.4 R-Drive Image Registration

The trial period of R-Drive Image will start after its fresh install. The Action Selection panel will show its
remaining time.
You need to obtain a registration key to activate the R-Drive Image trial version. You may obtain this key
online at the R-TT web site or on the R-Drive Image Please register R-Drive Image message.
The registration keys are sent to customer e-mail boxes immediately after purchase.
With the purchase of a new R-TT software product, you receive one year of support services that includes
technical support, customer support and all upgrades and new releases for your product during that term. When
your 1-year support service expires, you will need to renew that support at a discounted price to continue
receiving support services. The renewal support purchase will extend your support by 1-year from the date of its
expiration.
More details are on the Buy On Line page (http://www.r-tt.com/BuyOnLine.shtml) at the R-TT web
site .
To obtain a registration key directly from R-Drive Image ,
1 Click the About button
and select Register on the shortcut menu.

R-Drive Image 7
2 Click the Buy license online button on the Please register R-Drive Image message
and follow the instructions.

To register with a registration key,
1 Click the About button and select Register on the shortcut menu.
2 Enter the registration key on the Please register R-Drive Image message and click the OK button.
The registration information will appear.
Sometimes you may need an active Internet connection to finish program activation after its registration.
If you don’t have an Internet connection.
You need to manually obtain an activation code to complete the registration and activation.
The Online Activation dialog window will appear when you enter the activation code.

You may copy the url with the activation information and go to it on another computer connected to the Internet,
obtain the activation code, and enter it into the respective field on the dialog box.
You may also use your smartphone to activate R-Drive Image. Scan the QR-code and go to the specified
URL, obtain the activation code, and finish program activation.
Version.

R-Drive Image 9
II Disk Actions
This chapter explains how to perform disk actions. Each action starts from the Action Selection panel.
Keyboard Navigation
You may use the keyboard to navigate through and select items and objects on the panels.
If there are several objects that can be selected, a dashed frame will appear around the object that is in the
current focus.
Space Select/Deselect.
Keyboard arrows Right / Left / Up / Down
Alt+S / Alt+D Switch between the Source / Destination panels.
Tab/Shift-Tab Forward / Backward
Changing the program language
You may select the language of R-Drive Image panels . To do so, click the Help button and select the required
language on the Language menu.
To start a required action, select
· Copy Disk to Disk to make an exact copy of one disk on another

· Mac RAIDs
such as:
The Scheduled Actions, Command Line Operations, and Scripting chapter explains how to start disk
actions automatically at scheduled times/events and create scripts that can be performed from a command line.

· Support for Various non-MBR/GPT Partitioning Schemes
2.1 Create an Image
Note: You may read about Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems to learn more
about possible options for your specific case.
You may create images of entire objects or backup only selected files during this action. Images from files can
also be created by selecting Create an Image from Files on the Action Selection panel.

Disk Actions 11
Creating images of entire objects

To create an image:
1 Click Create image on the Action Selection panel
R-Drive Image will start analyzing the computer disk configuration, the Progress... message showing the
progress.
Then the Select disk(s) to create image panel will show the configuration.
More information...
Disk Configuration
S.M.A.R.T. warning for a hard drive
If a hard drive has S.M.A.R.T. warnings, a color mark will appear on its left-top corner. Drugging the cursor
over the drive will show a tooltip explaining that warning.
Warnings will also appear in confirming e-mails for scheduled actions.

* ===================[S.M.A.R.T.]===================
! SAMSUNG HM320HJ 2AK10001(298GB #2): Health Status: BAD
[01] Read Error Rate
! ===================[S.M.A.R.T.]===================
S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) is a technology widely-used in hard
drives and solid-state devices that monitors their reliability conditions to predict possible hardware failures.
2 Select the objects you want to backup on the Select disk(s) to create image panel and click the Next
button

Keyboard Navigation
You may use the keyboard to navigate through and select items and objects on the panels.
If there are several objects that can be selected, a dashed frame will appear around the object that is in the
current focus.
Space Select/Deselect.
Keyboard arrows Right / Left / Up / Down
Alt+S / Alt+D Switch between the Source / Destination panels.
Tab/Shift-Tab Forward / Backward
More information...
Selected Objects
You may select all objects on a hard drive by clicking the hard drive icon. . It will show the
marked hard drive.

Use the Refresh button if your computer disk configuration has been changed (when you connect a USB disk, for
example).
You may select the backup type for each partition. You may store in the image either the exact Sector by
backup copy of the object, Backup useful information only, or Backup selected files...Right-click the object
and select the required backup type on the shortcut menu.

Disk Actions 13
3 Select the place on the Choose destination of new image panel to which the image files will be
written, specify the file name, and click the Next button
You may select any place including connected network drives, supported CD and DVD Recorders, or
any other devices with removable storage.
You may also choose what image format will be created. (Only in the Corporate, Technician,
Commercial, and OEM System Recovery Media versions).
Image file format
RDR Default. A proprietary image format. Data in the image can be compressed and password
protected.
VHD and A virtual disk format mainly used in the Windows built-in virtual machine.
VHDX
VMDK A common virtual disk format for virtual machines. Only the Corporate, Technician,
Commercial, and OEM System Recovery Media versions support this format.
VDI A common VDI for the VirtualBox virtual machine. Only the Corporate, Technician,
Commercial, and OEM System Recovery Media versions support this format.
You may read more about virtual disk formats in the help page Supported Virtual Disk and Disk Image Formats.
Imaging Options
Differentially Appended changes will be those between the saved full image and the
current state. If there is no full image, it will be created instead. When
restoring data, you will need the full image and ONLY the differential
file created at the instant to which you want to restore data.
Incrementally Appended changes will be those between the last saved changes and
the current state. If there is no full image, it will be created instead.
When restoring data, you will need the full image and ALL files (both
incremental and differential ones) created to the instant to which you
want to restore data.

Minimum file sizes: If you need to keep only the latest backup instant, you may use the Append changes
differentially to the existing image option and delete all previous differential files. If you need to keep all
instances, you may use the Append changes incrementally to the existing image option to keep overall file
sizes smaller.
Data safety: If any of the differential file is damaged, data will be lost only for that backup instant. If any
of the incremental file is damaged, data will be lost for all subsequent backup instances starting from the
damaged file until the next full of differential backup.
Full All data in the image file will be replaced with the current one.
Click the Options button to specify additional options and parameters, if necessary.
· Image Options panel
Image options
Image compression You may compress the data in the image to save space. Please note that the
ratio smaller size you select the more time will be spent to create the image file and vise
versa.
Volume size for multi- You may set this option to Automatic and let Windows decide how to split the
volume image image file. This mostly depends on the file system on the destination disk. You
may also either explicitly specify the split size, or choose a preset for various
devices with removable storage. Select Fixed size for that.
For the RDR format, a new partial file of the image will be started when the
previous file reaches the specified file size.
For the VMDK format, a new partial file of the image will be started when the
specified data volume of the source object has been processed.
Files in the VHD/VHDX and VDI formats cannot be split.
You may read more about virtual disk formats in the help page Supported Virtual Disk
and Disk Image Formats.
Estimated size Shows the estimated size of the image file. An actual image size depends on how
much empty space is on the selected partition and what file types are there.
Password protection You may protect your image file with a password. Note: If you leave the Encrypt
image option clear this feature will provide a relatively moderate protection against
conventional unauthorized access. If this option is selected, R-Drive Image will
encrypt the image using the AES-XTS algorithm.
Note: Only files in the RDR format can be password protected and encrypted.
Image description You may attach a text description to the image for annotation. Maximum length of
the description is 255 characters.
Validate image when Select this option if your want R-Drive Image to check the newly created file
completed image for its consistency. This may be useful for storing image files with critical
data. Please note that this operation requires additional time.
Shutdown computer If this checkbox is selected, R-Drive Image will shut your computer down when
when completed completed the task.

Disk Actions 15
· Notifications Options panel

Notifications options
Execute on
You may specify the applications of the *.com, *.exe, and *.pif types, and their parameters delimited
by a space.
Mail Notification
If a personal firewall is installed on your computer, you should allow the r-driveimagecl.exe
application to get access to the e-mail server.
Test mail account
Click this button to test whether you entered the correct mail settings.

· Backup Options panel

Backup Options
Snapshot provider A snapshot provider is a service R-Drive Image uses to read the disk content
while creating its image. R-Drive Image uses the snapshot providers in the order
specified on the tab. If it fails to use the first one selected, it tries to use the second
one, and so on.
Windows Volume If this check box is selected, R-Drive Image will try to use the Windows native
Snapshot Service snapshot provider. This snapshot provider is able to notify system applications that
a snapshot is being taken.
If this option is selected, pagefile.sys and hibernate.sys files are excluded
from the image of the system disk.
R-TT Volume If this check box is selected, R-Drive Image will try to use R-TT snapshot
Snapshot Service provider. This snapshot provider is not able to notify system applications that a
snapshot is being taken.
Notify system If this check box is selected, the snapshot provider, if it supports this feature,
applications notifies system applications that a snapshot is being taken.
Limit I/O rate Specifies the rate limits for reading/writing data from/to disks
Limit read The rate limit for reading from the source disk
Limit write The rate limit for writing to the destination disk
Process priority These options specify how much computer resources R-Drive Image will
consume during a backup process.

Disk Actions 17
Backup Process Specifies the priority of the backup process. Similar to that specified in Windows
Priority Task Manager.
Use CPU cores Specifies how many processor cores R-Drive Image will use for the backup
process.
Ignore disk read errors If this check box is selected, R-Drive Image will ignore possible read errors
(bad sectors) when it tries to read data from bad sectors.
R-Drive Image works with disks with bad sectors in the following way:
It reads a certain part of disk (predefined by Windows) and
· If read errors are ignored, the entire part with bad sectors will be filled with
zeros.
· If read errors are not ignored, R-Drive Image reads that part sector by sector
and shows a warning message for every bad sector with two options: skip the
sector or try to read it again. In this case only the bad sectors will be filled with
zeros, but all that requires manual actions and extremely slows the imaging
process.
Please note that R-Drive Image is developed for the work with normally
functioning disks. If you need to image a malfunctioning disk, use R-Studio, a
data recovery utility. It has more controls for imaging, and can create R-Drive
Image-compatible images even in its demo mode, that is, without registering.
Backup AUX R-Drive Image is able to make applications run before and after all backup
applications operations. Please note that those application should return a 0 exit code. Leave
these fields blank if in doubt.
Before An application R-Drive Image starts before the backup operations starts. If you
need to start several applications, you may use a command file.
Example: "cmd.exe /c example.bat"
After An application R-Drive Image starts after the backup operations completes. If
you need to start several applications, you may use a command file.
Snapshot AUX R-Drive Image is able to make applications run before and after taking the
applications snapshot of one or several volumes. Please note that those application should
return a 0 exit code. Leave these fields blank if in doubt.
Before An application R-Drive Image starts before it takes the snapshot of one or
several volumes. If you need to start several application, you may use a command
file.
After An application R-Drive Image starts after it takes the snapshot of one or several
volumes. If you need to start several application, you may use a command file.
See Creating consistent point-in-time backups for more details.
.

4 Verify that the information on the Processing panel is correct and click the Start button
You may also create a script for this action. Click the Script to Clipboard button and paste the script to any
text-processing utility.
> R-Drive Image will start creating the image file(s)

The Progress bar will show the progress of the current operation and overall process. When the image is
created, the Image created successfully. message will appear. You may cancel the current operation by
clicking the Cancel button. The Operation canceled by user message will appear.

Disk Actions 19
If there is not enough space on the destination place, the Not enough space message will appear. You may
select another place for the rest of the image file or cancel the operation
When the operation is over, you may see the results of the operation by clicking the Open logs button .
Writing images on CD-R/RW discs and other devices with removable storage
CD-R/RW and DVD discs
If you select a CD/DVD drive to write the image file, you will see the Media Options
panel
You may create a system recovery disc(s) for your system if you select the Include R-Drive Image
bootable version option on this panel. You may start your system up using such CD/DVD disc and
recover the data using the R-Drive Image startup version.
Then select appropriate CD/DVD Media Options. Leave Use ISO caching selected unless you have problems
with data recording on a disc.
When you click the Start button, R-Drive Image will open the CD-R/RW drive tray and the Insert a
blank CD-R/RW disc... message will appear. Insert a blank CD-R/RW disc and click the OK button. Each
time R-Drive Image fills the disc, the Insert the next blank CD-R/RW disc... message will appear. Insert
the next blank CD-R/RW disc and click the OK button.
If you mistakenly insert a non-empty CD-R/RW disc, the CD-R/RW disc is not empty... message will
appear. Change the disc to another empty CD-R/RW disc and click the OK button.
Supported CD and DVD Recorders.
Disk/file structure for CD-R/RW discs and other devices with removable storage

If you specify the filename.rdr file name for the image file, R-Drive Image will create the following
disk/file structure:
Disc File name
The first disk filename1.rdr
The second disk filename2.rdr
The third disk filename3.rdr
... ...
It is recommended that you mark the disk accordingly. You will start restoring the data from the last disk. Go
to the Restore Data from an Image topic for more details.
Bad Sectors
When R-Drive Image encounters a bad sector, the IO Error message will appear. You may either cancel
the current action or fill the bad sectors with zeros.
IO Error Options
Abort Click this button to cancel the action
Retry Click this button to try to read the bad sectors once again
Ignore Click this button to skip this error and fill the bad sectors with zeros
Ignore All Click this button to skip all errors and fill the bad sectors with zeros
Backup only selected files from the Select disk(s) to create image panell
1 Click Create image on the Action Selection panel.
progress.

Disk Actions 21
Then the Select disk(s) to create image panel will show the configuration.
2 Right-click the objects files on which you want to backup on the Select disk(s) to create image panel
and select Backup selected files only on the shortcut menu.
3 Select files on the Files Selected panel and select the files you want to backup and click the OK button
You may search for individual files, use filters, or the Batch mode if you want to include all files of several
patterns. Such patterns may include multiple file names, masks, and paths.

And click the Next button on the Select disk(s) to create image panel
· Image Options

Disk Actions 23
· Notifications Options
· Backup Options

created, the Image created successfully. message will appear.
Version.
2.2 Create an Image from Files
You may backup only selected files rather than the entire object. You can do that in the Create Image and
Create an Image from Files (below) actions.
Create Image from selected files from the Action Selection panel
1 Click Create image from files on the Action Selection panel
progress.
2 Select files you want to include in the image on the Choose files for new image panel and click the
Next button

· Image Options panel

Disk Actions 25
versa.
Volume size for multi- You may set this option to Automatic and let Windows decide how to split the
volume image image file. This mostly depends on the file system on the destination disk. You
For the RDR format, a new partial file of the image will be started when the
previous file reaches the specified file size.
Password protection You may protect your image file with a password. Note: If you leave the Encrypt
Validate image when Select this option if your want R-Drive Image to check the newly created file
completed image for its consistency. This may be useful for storing image files with critical
Shutdown computer If this checkbox is selected, R-Drive Image will shut your computer down when
when completed completed the task.
· Notifications Options panel

Execute on
You may specify the applications of the *.com, *.exe, and *.pif types, and their parameters delimited
by a space.
Mail Notification
If a personal firewall is installed on your computer, you should allow the r-driveimagecl.exe
application to get access to the e-mail server.
Test mail account
Click this button to test whether you entered the correct mail settings.
· Backup Options panel

Backup Options
one, and so on.


process.
zeros.
process.
applications

Disk Actions 27
snapshot of one or several volumes. Please note that those application should
file.
created, the Image created successfully. message will appear.
2.3 Restore Data from an Image
We recommend you stop all other programs before you start restoring data on a partition.
Note: Go to the Restoring Data to a System or Other Locked Disk topic if you want to learn how to
restore data to system disks.
You may restore data from images for entire disk objects or restore only selected files.
Restoring partitions and entire disks
To restore data from an image to a disk/partition:
1 Click Restore from an Image on the Action Selection panel.
progress. Then R-Drive Image will show you the Image File Selection panel with the disks/folder structure.
2 Select the file with the image on the Choose image file panel and click the Next button
In addition to the rdr native file format, R-Drive Image support several virtual disk and disk image formats.

When you click the file, you may view its content in the right panel.
More information...
Objects in Image Files
Image with one logical disk
Image with two logical disks on one hard

drive
Image with two logical disks on two hard

drives
You may also restore data directly from Windows explorer by right-clicking the required image file with the
.rdr extension and selecting Restore Image from the shortcut menu.
If you select an image with incremental or differential data backup, select the date and time of image
creation and click the Next button.

Disk Actions 29
If the image file is password-protected, the Password prompt... message will appear. Enter the password
and click the OK button.
3 Select the object in the image file on the Image Object Selection panel, select a destination, and click
the Next button
example).

R-Drive Image may show only those disks that you wand to see.
To hide/show disks:
1 Click the Show/hide disks button
Hide/show disks
2 Clear/select disks you want to hide/show

Hide/show disks
> R-Drive Image will show only those disks that have been selected
Hide/show disks

Disk Actions 31
marked hard drive.

You may select only one object at a time, and you need to specify the destination to proceed further.

* ===================[S.M.A.R.T.]===================
! ===================[S.M.A.R.T.]===================
More information...
If the chosen destination is smaller than the selected image, R-Drive Image will show the Destination
disk is too small message and you will need to select another destination.
If you select several partitions as the destination, R-Drive Image will show the You have selected
several partitions... message. If you click the OK button, all those partitions will be deleted and data will
be restored on that free space.
Note: Although R-Drive Image shows unallocated space instead of the deleted partitions, the partitions
and their data will be actually deleted only when R-Drive Image starts restoring the data from the image.
Selected Object and Destination

5 Specify restore parameters on this panel and click the Next button
You may change create/copy/modify parameters on the Create partition, Copy partition, or Modify
partition panel. Click the Create / Copy Options / Modify button, respectively.
Create/Copy Partition Parameters
Partitioning The type of partitioning scheme. See Support for Various Disk Partition
scheme Schemes and File Systems for the list of supported partition types.
Partition type Primary (Active)/ Primary/Logical You may specify the type of the partition to be
restored. Do not change this setting unless you have serious reasons to do so.
File system You may select the file system for the partition to be restored.
Allocation unit It is the size of a disk block, that is, the minimum allocatable disk space. (only on the
size Create partition panel.)
Volume label Label of this volume. You can change it.
Drive letter Select the letter that will be assigned to the partition. You may select "Do not
connect" if you do not want to connect this partition to your system. Or "Do not
modify" it you do not want to change the drive letter.
Partition size Minimum/maximum size of the partition to be restored.
Free space before You may specify the size of free space that will be left on the hard drive before the
beginning of the partition.
Partition size You may specify the size of the partition to be restored. Should be between the
minimum and maximum partition size.
Free space after You may specify the size of free space that will be left on the hard drive after the
end of the partition.
You may visually adjust the location and size of the object to be restored. All other
restore options will be adjusted accordingly. Also, when you adjust one or several
restore options directly, these changes will be shown visually. Green marks available
space. See Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems for
the list of supported file systems.

Disk Actions 33
You may format a disk if necessary. Click the Format button and select the format parameters on the Format
partition panel.
Format partition options
File system You may select the file system for the partition to be formatted.
Allocation unit It is the size of a disk block, that is, the minimum allocatable disk space.
size
Volume label Label for this volume.
You may also delete or wipe selected disk object by clicking the Delete button. Click the Clear HDD or
Wipe button if you want to delete all object on the hard drive or wipe its data. Go to the Partition Manager
help page for more details..
To restore data from an image of an entire hard drive to a hard drive:

The Restore/Copy Parameters panel will be different with different sets of options:

HDD Copy Method

Raw disk copy R-Drive Image writes sector-by-sector the data from the original drive or
its image to the target one making an exact copy of the original disk
regardless of its partitioning method. Can be used if other methods create a
non-bootable disk due to incorrect detection of drive's geometry or non-
standard loader.
Drawback: partition sizes cannot be changed.
Copy all partitions R-Drive Image copies all partitions to their original places. If R-Drive
onto original places Image detects the drive's geometry correctly, and there is no non-standard
loader, it makes the same result as during Raw disk copy.
Realign partitions R-Drive Image will copy the partitions on the disk with a 512KB alignment.
This is very useful for SSD and advanced-formatted disks. If there are empty
(non-used) spaces between partitions, those spaces will be removed taking
into account the alignment.
Expand/Shrink If there are empty (not-used) places between the partitions or they occupy
partition to whole less or more space than the target drive, R-Drive Image proportionally
disk
expands/shrinks them to occupy the entire target drive. Otherwise it is similar
to Copy all partitions onto original places.
Fixed active partition R-Drive Image preserves the original offset/size of the active partition (in
case the loader has links to it).
When you restore data from an image of a system disk, a disk signature collision may occur. In this
case, the Disk Signature Collision panel will appear. You may specify the way to resolve this collision
on this panel.

Disk Actions 35
Disk Signature Collision Resolving

Same signature for R-Drive Image will create an identical copy of the source disk with the
both disk same signature. To avoid disk signature collision, you'll have to disconnect
one of the disks and restart the computer, if necessary. Use this mode if you
clone a system disk for another computer or only the target disk will be used
in yours.
Different signature R-Drive Image will write another disk signature to the target disk. Don’t use
on the target disk. this mode if you clone a system disk, Windows won’t start from it. To get
access to the target disk after cloning, you’ll have to restart the computer or
re-connect it if it’s an external USB disk.
Change the disk R-Drive Image will change the disk signature on the source disk. Use this
signature on the mode if you want to start Windows from the target disk, but be warned: the
source disk.
computer won’t start from the source disk anymore.
If you try to restore data to a system or other disk locked by the system or other application, the Disk not
locked message will appear.

To continue restoring you may:

· If you restore data to your system disk, select Restart computer (recommended) to continue restoring the
data in the R-Drive Image startup mode. Read carefully the Restoring Data to a System Disk topic
before you proceed.
· If you restore data to a disk locked by other low-level disk software (including Windows
internal services), stop this software and select Retry to lock the disk once again.
· You may also try to unlock the disk by selecting Force Windows to unlock the disk (not recommended). If
Windows fails to unlock the disk, the Disk not locked message will appear again. You will need to stop
the software locking the disk manually or select Restart computer (recommended) to continue restoring the
data in the R-Drive Image startup mode.
Note: Use this option cautiously, because it may cause unpredictable results including system crash and
data loss.
text-processing utility .
> R-Drive Image will start restoring the data from the image file to the selected destination.
When the image is restored, the Image restored successfully message will appear.
If some other program (like a file manager) is accessing the partition on which the data is to be restored, the
Cannot lock the disk message will appear. Close this program or make it stop accessing the partition.
If you restore data from an image of an entire hard drive to an entire hard drive, the system may not see the
restored partitions until restarted. In this case R-Drive Image will show the Disk image restored
successfully. message. Click the Yes button to restart your system.

Disk Actions 37
Restoring data from CD-R/RW drives or other devices with removable storage
For the image with the file name filename.rdr, R-Drive Image creates the following disk/file structure:
Disk File name
The first disk filename1.rdr
The second disk filename2.rdr
The third disk filename3.rdr
... ...
You should start restoring the data from the last disk.
Each time R-Drive Image requires a new disk, the Insert disk #... message will appear. Insert the
necessary disk and click the OK button. Follow the device instructions on how to change its disks.
Note: At the beginning, R-Drive Image may require you to change the first/last disks several times.
Bad Sectors
IO Error Options

Restoring selected files and folders

(See Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems for the list of supported file systems)
1 Click Restore from an Image on the Action Selection panel
progress. Then R-Drive Image will show you the Choose image file panel with the disks/folder structure.
2 Select the file with the image on the Choose image file panel and click the Next button
When you click the file, you may view its content in the right panel.
If you select an image with incremental or differential data backup, select the date and time of image
creation and click the Next button
3 Select the object in the image file on the Image Object Selection pane where the files and folders
reside, and click the Next button

Disk Actions 39
4 Mark folders and files to restore on the Select Files to Restore panel, specify the output folder, and
click the OK button
You may also specify Options that control processing of already existing files.
5 Click the Next button to continue file restore on the Image Object Selection panel.

> R-Drive Image will start restoring the files from the image file to the selected destination.
If the files already exist in the specified folder, The file exists message will appear. Click the necessary
button to resume the restore operation.
When the image is restored, the Files restored successfully message will appear.

Version.
2.4 Copy a Disk to a Disk
Attention: All previous data on the destination disk will be completely deleted
To copy an entire disk or its part to another one:
1 Click Copy Disk on the Action Selection panel.
progress. Then the Object Selection panel will show the configuration.
More information...
Disk Configuration
marked hard drive.

Disk Actions 41
2 Select the disk object on the Source: on the Object Selection panel, select a destination, and click the
Next button
You may select only one object at a time, and you need to specify the destination to proceed further.
example).
More information...
If the destination is smaller than the selected object, R-Drive Image won't allow you to select this object
and you will need to select another destination.
If you select several partitions as the destination, R-Drive Image will show the You have selected
several partitions... message. If you click the OK button, all those partitions will be deleted and data will
be restored on that free space.
Note: Although R-Drive Image shows unallocated space instead of the deleted partitions, the partitions
and their data will be actually deleted only when R-Drive Image starts copying the data.
Selected Object and Destination


* ===================[S.M.A.R.T.]===================
! ===================[S.M.A.R.T.]===================
If you try to copy data to or from a system, or other disk locked by the system or other application, the Disk
not locked message will appear.
To continue copying you may:
· If you copy data to or from your system disk, select Restart computer (recommended) to continue
restoring the data in the R-Drive Image startup mode. Read carefully the Disk to Disk Copy Using
the Startup Disks topic before you proceed.
· If you copy data to a disk locked by other low-level disk software (including Windows internal
services), stop this software and select Retry to lock the disk once again.
· You may also try to unlock the disk by selecting Force Windows to unlock the disk (not
recommended). If Windows fails to unlock the disk, the Disk not locked message will appear again.
You will need to stop the software locking the disk manually or select Restart computer (recommended)
to continue copying the data in the R-Drive Image startup mode.
Note: Use this option cautiously, because it may cause unpredictable results including system crash and
data loss.
marked hard drive.

3 Specify copy parameters on the Restore/Copy Parameters panel and click the Next button
Restore parameters
You may change create/copy/modify parameters on the Create partition, Copy partition, or Modify
partition panel. Click the Create / Copy Options / Modify button, respectively.
Create/Copy Partition Parameters
Partitioning The type of partitioning scheme. See Support for Various Disk Partition
scheme Schemes and File Systems for the list of supported partition types.

Disk Actions 43
Partition type Primary (Active)/ Primary/Logical You may specify the type of the partition to be
restored. Do not change this setting unless you have serious reasons to do so.
File system You may select the file system for the partition to be restored.
Allocation unit It is the size of a disk block, that is, the minimum allocatable disk space. (only on the
size Create partition panel.)
Volume label Label of this volume. You can change it.
Drive letter Select the letter that will be assigned to the partition. You may select "Do not
connect" if you do not want to connect this partition to your system. Or "Do not
modify" it you do not want to change the drive letter.
Partition size Minimum/maximum size of the partition to be restored.
Free space after You may specify the size of free space that will be left on the hard drive after the
end of the partition.
You may visually adjust the location and size of the object to be restored. All other
restore options will be adjusted accordingly. Also, when you adjust one or several
restore options directly, these changes will be shown visually. Green marks available
space. See Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems for
the list of supported file systems.
To copy data from an entire hard drive to another hard drive:
The Restore/Copy Parameters panel will be different with different sets of options:
HDD Copy Method

Raw disk copy R-Drive Image writes sector-by-sector the data from the original drive or
its image to the target one making an exact copy of the original disk

regardless of its partitioning method. Can be used if other methods create a

non-bootable disk due to incorrect detection of drive's geometry or non-
standard loader.
Copy all partitions R-Drive Image copies all partitions to their original places. If R-Drive
onto original places Image detects the drive's geometry correctly, and there is no non-standard
loader, it makes the same result as during Raw disk copy.
Realign partitions R-Drive Image will copy the partitions on the disk with a 512KB alignment.
This is very useful for SSD and advanced-formatted disks. If there are empty
(non-used) spaces between partitions, those spaces will be removed taking
into account the alignment.
Expand/Shrink If there are empty (not-used) places between the partitions or they occupy
partition to whole less or more space than the target drive, R-Drive Image proportionally
disk
expands/shrinks them to occupy the entire target drive. Otherwise it is similar
to Copy all partitions onto original places.
Fixed active partition R-Drive Image preserves the original offset/size of the active partition (in
case the loader has links to it).
When you copy a system disk, a disk signature collision may occur. In this case, the Copy options panel
will inform you about this. You may specify the way to resolve this collision on the Disk Signature
Collision panel.

Same signature for R-Drive Image will create an identical copy of the source disk with the
both disk same signature. To avoid disk signature collision,you'll have to disconnect
one of the disks and restart the computer, if necessary. Use this mode if you
clone a system disk for another computer or only the target disk will be used
in yours.

Disk Actions 45
Different signature R-Drive Image will write another disk signature to the target disk. Don’t use
on the target disk. this mode if you clone a system disk, Windows won’t start from it. To get
access to the target disk after cloning, you’ll have to restart the computer or
re-connect it if it’s an external USB disk.
Change the disk R-Drive Image will change the disk signature on the source disk. Use this
signature on the mode if you want to start Windows from the target disk, but be warned: the
source disk.
computer won’t start from the source disk anymore.
text-processing utility
> R-Drive Image will start copying the data from the source to the selected destination place.
When the data is copied, the Object copied successfully message will appear.
If some other program (like a file manager) is accessing the partition on which the data is to be restored, the
Cannot lock the disk message will appear. Close this program or make it stop accessing the partition.
If you copy an entire hard drive to another hard drive, two absolutely identical hard drive will appear in your
system. That will confuse it and may cause unpredictable results. To prevent that, a Disk copied successfully
message will appear. You may turn your system off to disconnect one of the disks, or restart it to disable one
of the disk in the BIOS of your system. Under Windows 95/98/Millennium, the target disk will not appear
until system restart even if you decide to click the Cancel button.
Bad Sectors
IO Error Options

Version.

2.5 Partition Manager
R-Drive Image has a built-in partition manager. It can perform the following disk operations:
Entire An entire hard drive can be cleared or wiped
hard
drives:
Existing An existing partition can be modified, formatted, deleted, or wiped
partitions:
Unallocate A new partition can be created, or free space can be wiped
d space:
All commands can be invoked either by clicking the respective button on the panel, or by right-clicking the object
and selecting the respective menu item.
Entire hard drive
To convert the drive partitioning scheme (MBR/GPT):
1 Click Partition Manager on the Action Selection panel.
progress.
2 Right-click hard drive and select Convert to GPT/MBR on the shortcut menu.
3 Select another disk action on the Object Selection panel, if necessary.

If not, click the Next button

Disk Actions 47
> R-Drive Image will convert the drive to the selected partitioning scheme.
To clear an entire hard drive:
1 Click Partition Manager on the Action Selection panel.
progress.
2 Select the hard drive and click the Clear HDD button on the Object Selection panel.
or right-click the drive and select Clear HDD in the shortcut menu.

3 Select another disk action on the Object Selection panel, if necessary..

> R-Drive Image will remove all objects on the disk.
To wipe an entire hard drive:

Data wiping is necessary only for files stored on conventional hard drives. Data stored on SSD storage devices
cannot be effectively wiped out due to the principles of operation of these devices.
1 Click Partition Manager on the Action Selection panel
progress.
2 Select the hard drive and click the Wipe button on the Object Selection panel
or right-click the drive and select Wipe disk in the shortcut menu.

Disk Actions 49
3 Select the necessary wiping algorithm on the Wipe an object panel and click the OK button..
You may read more about wiping algorithms on the Disk Wiping Algorithms help page.
4 Select another disk action on the Object Selection panel, if necessary.
> R-Drive Image will remove all objects on the disk and wipe it.
Existing partition
To modify/format/delete/wipe an existing partition:
progress.
2 Select the partition and click the Modify/Format//Delete/Wipe button on the Object Selection panel and
specify the required parameters
Modify panel Modify parameters
Format panel Format options
Delete button Deletes partition
Wipe panel Wipe algorithms
then click the OK button

> R-Drive Image will perform the specified action.

Unallocated space
To create a new partition on an allocated space:
progress.
2 Select the unallocated space, click the Create button on the Object Selection panel, and specify the
required parameters on the Create partition panel,
> R-Drive Image will create a new partition.
To wipe an unallocated space:

progress.
2 Select the unallocated space, click the Wipe button on the Object Selection panel, and specify the
wiping algorithms on the Wipe partition panel,
> R-Drive Image will wipe the unallocated space.
2.6 Mount an Image as a Virtual Logical Disk
Note: You can mount images only as read-only disks. See Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes
and File Systems for the list of supported file systems.
To mount an image as a Virtual Logical Disk:
1 Click Mount an Image as a Virtual Logical Disk on the Action Selection panel.
R-Drive Image will show you the Choose image to mount drive(s) from panel with the disks/folders
structure.
2 Select the file with the image on the Choose image to mount drive(s) from panel and click the Next
button
When you click the file, you may view its content on the right pane.
More information...

Disk Actions 51

drive

drives
marked hard drive.

You may also mount the disk from Windows explorer by right-clicking the required image file with the .rdr
extension and selecting Mount as Virtual Disk from the shortcut menu.
If you select an image with incremental or differential data backup, select the date and time of image creation
and click the Next button.
3 Select the object in the image file on the Choose image to mount panel, select a drive letter, and click
the Next button

You may select only one object at a time, and you need to specify its drive letter to proceed further.
More information...
Selected Object
> R-Drive Image will start mounting the selected object as a virtual logical disk.
When the disk is mounted, the Virtual disk(s) mounted successfully message will appear.
Mounting images on devices with removable storage

You cannot mount a split image if its files are stored on separate removable disks. However you can mount
such image if you copy all the files into one folder on a hard disk.
Note: While R-Drive Image is mounting an image, Windows itself may install additional software required to
run the virtual logical disks correctly. In this case follow Windows on-screen instructions.

Version.
2.7 Unmount Virtual Logical Disks
To unmount Virtual Logical Disks:
1 Click Unmount Virtual Logical Disks on the Action Selection panel.
R-Drive Image will show you the list of virtual disks on the Choose drive(s) to umount them panel.

Disk Actions 53
More information...
Mounted Virtual Logical Disks
2 Mark the disks on the Choose drive(s) to umount them panel and click the Next button
More information...
Marked Mounted Virtual Logical Disks
> R-Drive Image will start unmounting the selected virtual logical disks
When the disks are unmounted, the Virtual disk(s) unmounted successfully. message will appear.

Version.

2.8 Check an Image File
To check an image file:
1 Click Check an Image File on the Action Selection panel.
R-Drive Image will show you the Choose image to check integrity panel with the disks/folder structure.
2 Select the file with the image on the Choose image to check integrity panel and click the Next button
When you click the file, you may view its content in the right pane. You may also check either an individual
file or all files in the folder/rotation. Files in the subfolder will not be checked.
If there is a split image or a main image file and several incremental/differential ones are selected, R-Drive
Image will check all image files of the selected image.
More information...

drive

drives
> R-Drive Image will start checking the data in the image file.
When the image is checked, the Object checked successfully message will appear if the image file is good.
If it is corrupted, R-Drive Image will show the Image corrupted message.

Disk Actions 55

Version.

III Advanced File Filtering

3.1 Filters
Filters can be used if it's necessary to show only files of certain types. For example, the required types are *.jpg
and *.docx. Then such files can be searched for and marked accordingly. Complex filters can be created using
the Batch mode .
Note that filters do not mark files, they filter out all other file types making R-Drive Image show only files
matching the filter(s). File marking affects only those files that are matching the applied filters.
A filter can be specified on the Search window. The example below shows how this filter affects files that R-
Drive Image shows on the Select files... panel.
Filter specified
After this field has been applied, R-Drive Image will show only *.jpg and *.docx files.
Filter applied
Note that folders that contain no *.jpg or *.docx files are show as empty.

Advanced File Filtering 57
Applied filters can be edited and saved to load them later.

Filter being edited
Folders and their files may be marked/unmarked manually changing folder's marks accordingly. There are four
mark types for folders:
No files or folder matching the selection recursively have been marked in the
folder.
No files or folders matching the selection have been found, but they may
appear in the future.
Some files match the selection and marked in this folder.
The folder and all its files and folders recursively match the selection and are
marked in this folder.
3.2 Batch Mode

Batch mode is a way to apply very complex sets of file filters for automated search for folders and files and
marking them for backup or restore. Such sets can be saved for future use and loaded when necessary.

The simple way to specify such a set is to mark all necessary files and folders manually on the Select Files to
Restore panel and click the Batch mode button. Depending whether files or folders are on a disk or in a image,
their paths may look slightly different.
Select Files to Restore panel (image)

Select Files to Restore panel (image)
Sets are stored in the plain text format, and can be composed or edited in the Batch window or in any text editor
capable of exporting text in this format. Below are the rules that should be followed while writing filter sets.
Every filter set consists of strings each representing a single filter. They are executed in the top to bottom order.
If, for example, files are to be marked according to the first string, but unmarked according to the seventh string,
they will eventually be unmarked.
Filters can include file names, file paths, and wildcards, like * and ?. They can also have some keys that modify
their impact on the search results. If a path in the filter has a space in it, it should be enclosed in quotation marks.
Switches that modify file filters:

-no This filter unmarks the folders or files it's applied to. I.g., C:\Photos\*.jpg -no unmarks all jpg files
in the C:\Photos folder.

- This filter is applied to files. May be shorten to -fi. -no-file negates the filter, making it applied
file not to files.
-dir This filter is applied to folders. May be shorten to -d. -no-dir negates the filter, making it applied
not to folders..
- This filter is case-sensitive. May be shorten to -c. -no-case makes the filter case-insensitive.
case
- This filter is applied to the current folder, not to its subfolders. May be shorten to -l. -no-local
loca negates the filter making it applied to the folder and its subfolders.
l
- This filter is applied to the current folder and its subfolders. May be shorten to -r. -no-recursive
recu negates the filter making it applied only to the folder.
rsiv
e
- The initial date from which files will be marked. It may be either in the form of exact date: -
from from:20210101, or relative to the current date: -from:now-3week. Has no effect on folders. May
:
be shorten to -fr.
-to: The final date to which files will be marked. It may be either in the form of exact date: -
to:20211201, or relative to the current date: -to:now-1week. Has no effect on folders.
An exact date may be specified as a local time YearMonthDayHour24MinSec, or as a UTC time

YearMonthDayHour24MinSecU.
Provided that there's no switches in the filter (i.g., -recursive), a file path in the file filter ending with a path
separator is applied to the files in the folder and its subfolders. If not, only to the files in the folder.
The file filter D:\Files\ will be applied to the files in the D:\Files\.
The file filter D:\Files will be applied to the files in the D:\Files and in its subfolders.
Below is an example of filters recursively applied to files in the D:\Files\Pictures folder and its subfolders.
D:\Files\Pictures
D:\Files\Pictures\My_Photo -no
D:\Files\Pictures\My_Photo\Home??????.jpg
Line 1: All files will be marked in the D:\Files\Pictures folder and its subfolders will be marked.
Line 2. All files in the D:\Files\Pictures\My_Photo folder will be unmarked.
Line 3: Files named like Home210312.jpg in the folder D:\Files\Pictures\My_Photo\ will be marked.
An importance notice about marking a folder.
If you mark all files in the folder but not the folder itself, its mark will be the following:
The folder was not marked)
The batch will look like:

And the folder will be restored only if there are marked files/folders in it.
If you mark the folder, its mark will be the following:
The folder was marked)
The batch will look like:
And the folder will always be restored regardless whether there are marked files/folders in it.
IV RAIDs, and Various Disk and Volume Managers

R-Drive Image supports various RAIDs, and Disk/Volume Managers.
· Hardware RAIDs
· Apple RAIDs
· Apple CoreStorage/File Vault/Fusion Drive Volumes
· Linux mdadm RAIDs



such as:
The Scheduled Actions, Command Line Operations, and Scripting chapter explains how to start disk actions
automatically at scheduled times/events and create scripts that can be performed from a command line.

· Logging

RAIDs, and Various Disk and Volume Managers 63
4.1 Hardware RAIDs

R-Drive Image supports hardware RAIDs created by RAID controllers.
Hardware RAID
Actually, R-Drive Image treats them as single hard disks.

Hardware RAID
Data Restore from an Image of a Hardware RAID

You may restore data from an image of a hardware RAID with the limitations described in the Support for
Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems section.

Hardware RAID
4.2 Windows Software RAIDs, Mirrors, and Spanned Volumes

R-Drive Image supports Windows software RAIDs, mirrors, and spanned volumes. Such objects can be
managed using the Disk Management item in Computer management.
Windows software RAID0

Windows software mirror
Windows software spanned volume
Windows Software RAIDs, Mirrors, and Spanned Volumes Imaging

R-Drive Image displays those objects similar to their representation in the Windows Disk Manager.


When you select one parent of a Windows software RAID, mirror, or spanned volume, R-Drive Image selects
the entire object.
Data Restore from an Image of a Software RAID, Mirror, and Spanned Volume
You may restore data from an image of a Windows software RAID, mirror, and spanned volume with the
limitations described in the Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems section.

4.3 Windows Storage Spaces

R-Drive Image supports Windows Storage Spaces created by Windows 8/8.1 and Windows 10/Threshold
2/Anniversary/Fall Creators updates. Storage pools and spaces is a new storage technology, first introduced in
Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, that allows the user to combine various (not always similar) hard drives
into a kind of a RAID or compound volume. First, the hard drives are combined into a storage pool, then several
storage spaces with striping (similar to RAID0), mirroring (similar to RAID1), and parity (similar to RAID5) can
be created in that storage pool. You may read more about storage pools and spaces in the Microsoft's Storage
Spaces: FAQ.

When drives from a storage pool are connected to a Windows computer, it automatically detects them and
assembles storage spaces accordingly.
Windows storage spaces
Storage pools and spaces can be managed using the Storage Spaces item in the Control Panel.
R-Drive Image can image Windows Storage Spaces and then restore data to them with some restrictions.
Windows Storage Space Imaging
R-Drive Image displays both Windows Storage Spaces and their parents on the Partition Selection panel.

When you select a certain Windows Storage Space, R-Drive Image also shows its respective parents.
Data Restore from an Image of a Windows Storage Space
You may restore data from an image of a Windows Storage Space with the limitations described in the Support
for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems section.
Please, note that R-Drive Image can restore data only to fixed-provisional Windows Storage Spaces if the
Windows version doesn't support Windows Storage Spaces. The startup version of R-Drive Image can restore
data only to fixed-provisional Windows Storage Spaces, too. You may read more about thin-provisioned or
fixed Windows Storage Spaces in Microsoft's Storage Spaces Overview.

4.4 Apple RAIDs

R-Drive Image supports various software RAIDs that OS X can create from disks connected to a Mac
computer: RAID1 (Mirror set), RAID0 (Stripe set), and Concatenated disk set.
Apple RAID0 example
Apple RAIDs Imaging

R-Drive Image displays both Apple RAIDs and their members on the Partition Selection panel.
Apple RAID0
You may select either the Apple RAID, or its members separately.
Data Restore from an Image of an Apple RAID
You may restore data from an image of an Apple RAID with the limitations described in the Support for

Apple RAID0
4.5 Apple CoreStorage/File Vault/Fusion Drive Volumes

The macOS operating system has the following disk management systems:
File Vault, is a disk encrypted utility;
Fusion Drive is an Apple's hybrid drive technology;
CoreStorage is a logical volume management system.
R-Drive Image supports all these technologies and can unlock their encrypted volumes (hard drives and
images).
Apple CoreStorage/File Vault Volume Imaging
R-Drive Image displays both those volumes and their members on the Partition Selection panel.

Locked Apple CoreStorage
In the above case, the entire hard drive will be imaged.

You may unlock encrypted volumes and image only them. Click the locked volume and enter the password in the
Unlock encrypted drive dialog box.
Unlocked Apple CoreStorage
In this case the volume will be image without encryption

Data Restore from an Image of CoreStorage/File Vault Volumes

You may restore data from an image of an Apple CoreStorage/File Vault volume with the limitations described in
the Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems section.
Data restore from an image of an entire storage device to another storage device.
Apple CoreStorage
In this case the result will be the exact copy of the imaged storage device.
Data restore from an image of an unencrypted an Apple CoreStorage/File Vault volume device to
the place of a locked encrypted volume.
Apple CoreStorage

In this case the result will be an unencrypted volume on the place of the previous encrypted volume.
Data restore from an image of an unencrypted Apple CoreStorage/File Vault volume device to
the place of an unlocked encrypted volume.
Apple CoreStorage
In this case the result will be an encrypted volume on the place of the previous encrypted volume.
Apple Fusion Drive Imaging
R-Drive Image displays both this volume and its members on the Partition Selection panel.
Apple Fusion Drive
When you select a certain Fusion drive, R-Drive Image also shows its respective components.
Data Restore from an Image of Apple Fusion Drive Volumes
You may restore data from an image of an Apple Fusion Drive volume with the limitations described in the
Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems section.

Apple Fusion Drive
4.6 Linux mdadm RAIDs

mdadm is a Linux utility used to manage and monitor software RAID devices.
R-Drive Image supports such devices and when drives from a mdadm RAID are connected to a Windows
computer, it automatically detects them and assembles mdadm RAIDs accordingly.
Linux mdadm RAIDs
mdadm RAIDs Volume Imaging

R-Drive Image displays both mdadm RAIDs and their components on the Partition Selection panel.

Linux mdadm RAID5
Data Restore from an Image of a mdadm RAIDs Volume

You may restore data from an image of a mdadm RAIDs with the limitations described in the Support for
Linux mdadm RAID5

4.7 Linux Logical Volume Manager Volumes

Linux LVM is a logical volume manager for the Linux OS that manages disk drives and other data storage
devices. Using it, It is possible to create single logical volumes on several physical disks, add and replace them in
a running system, resize logical volumes, create various RAID configuration, and so on. You may read more
about Linux LVM on this Wikipedia article: Logical Volume Manager (Linux).
LVM volume example
LVM volume Imaging

R-Drive Image displays both LVM volumes and their components on the Partition Selection panel.
LVM Volume
When you select a certain LVM volume, R-Drive Image also shows its respective members.

Data Restore from an Image of a LVM volume

You may restore data from an image of a LVM volumes with the limitations described in the Support for
LVM Volume
V Startup Version
There are three types of the R-Drive Image startup mode: WindowsPE-based, Linux-based with the Graphic
User Interface (GUI). and Linux-based with the Text User Interface (TUI). The interface of the later is actually
pseudo-graphic. The Windows-based and Linux-based GUI types have the same interface as that of the
Windows version and its operation is similar. You may refer to the respective help pages for detailed instructions.
This chapter describes the operation of the TUI startup version.
This chapter explains how to perform disk actions using the R-Drive Image Startup Version such as:
· Load Computer into Startup Mode
· Restore Data From an Image
· Create an Image
· Disk to Disk Copy
· Partition Manager
· Check an Image File
· Network Drives



· Mac RAIDs

· Support for Various non-MBR/GPT Partitioning Schemes
5.1 Create Startup Disks
You need to create a startup CD/DVD disc, or USB removable storage device to restore data to a system or
other locked disk. You may also create an ISO image of a startup CD disc and burn it using your favorite CD
writing software.
You may create a Linux-based or WinPE based startup disk.
A Linux-based disk
If there is a non-IDE disk controller in your system, or you plan to use network disks or external
hardware devices, first check the list of supported hardware.

Startup Version 81
If you have problems with starting you computer up from the R-Drive Image startup disks, select configure
startup media troubleshooting options. Then the Startup Media Troubleshooting Options panel will
appear. You may configure these options to eliminate those problems.
Those options will help you if you have problems with starting you computer up from the R-Drive Image
startup disks.
Startup Media Troubleshooting Options
Bootable media You may select either a Linux-based or WindowsPE based startup version.
type
Display kernel if this checkbox is enabled, R-Drive Image displays all startup messages. That
startup messages may be useful to locate the source of the problem when your system hangs during
R-Drive Image startup.
Trace drivers Select this checkbox when you want to see loading drivers to find which one may
loading lock the system.
Disables ACPI Select these checkboxes when your system detects some hardware incorrectly
Disables APIC during R-Drive Image startup and displays messages like: hda: lost
interrupt
Disables USB Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with USB devices
devices support during R-Drive Image startup.
Disables SCSI Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with SCSI devices
Disables PATA Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with Parallel ATA
devices support devices during R-Drive Image startup.
Disables PCMCIA Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with PCMCIA
Disables DMA for Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with IDE disks during
all IDE disk drives R-Drive Image startup.

IRQ polling mode Select this checkbox if R-Drive Image does not recognize a device although it is
in the supported device list.
Default Select this checkbox to select computer default clocksource.
clocksource
PCI BIOS Select an appropriate option if your system experiences problems with computer
hardware.
ACPI OSI An option informing the computer BIOS which OS type is going to start. Default
is Linux, but it may cause the computer BIOS to drop support for some computer
hardware. Change this option if the startup version cannot recognize some
computer hardware, or it malfunctions.
Disable specified Enter the drivers that may cause system lock. Driver names should be separated
drivers by a space or comma.
To create a startup CD disc:
Supported CD and DVD Recorders
1 Select Create Startup Disks on the Action Selection panel and click the Next button
2 Select the CD-recorder in the list of supported startup devices with removable storage on the Create
Sturtup Disk panel and click the Next button
3 Click the Start button on the Processing panel
> R-Drive Image will start creating the startup CD disc
When you click the Start button, R-Drive Image will open the CD-R/RW drive tray and the Insert a blank
CD-R/RW disc... message will appear. Insert a blank CD-R/RW disc and click the OK button. When R-
Drive Image finishes creating the startup CD disc, the Startup disks created successfully message will
appear.
If you mistakenly insert a non-empty CD-R/RW disc, the CD-R/RW disc is not empty... message will
appear. Change the disc to another empty CD-R/RW disc and click the OK button.

Startup Version 83
To create an ISO image:

2 Select ISO on the Create Sturtup Disk panel, specify a file name for the ISO image, and click the Next
button
> When R-Drive Image finishes writing the file with the ISO image, the Startup disks created
successfully message will appear
4 Create the startup CD using your favorite CD creation software

Load the created ISO image into the CD creation software. Consult documentation for the software for
details.
To create a startup USB removable device:
It may be a USB flash disk, ZIP drive, etc. It should be FAT/FAT32 formatted and connected to the computer
before selecting Create Startup Disks on the Action Selection panel. If there is some data on that device, it will
not be overwritten.
2 Select the required removable device in the list of supported startup devices with removable storage
on the Create Sturtup Disk panel and click the Next button
> R-Drive Image will start creating the startup USB disc
When R-Drive Image finishes creating the startup USB disk, the Startup disks created successfully
message will appear.
A WindowsPE-based disk
1 Select Create Startup Disks on the Action Selection panel and click the Next button.
2 Click the Configuration button and select Windows-based in the Bootable media type dropbox.
You may need to install additional Windows components.

3 Click the Download button and follow the instructions.

4 Click the OK button on the message that will appear when the components have been downloaded.
5 Click the OK button on Startup Media Configuration panel,
return to the Create Sturtup Disk, and click the OK button.


Startup Version 85
Version.
5.2 Load Computer into Startup Mode
Sometimes you may need to start your computer into R-Drive Image startup mode, for example, to restore
data to a system disk.
You may do that through the following methods:
If you have a Mac computer...
The startup version of R-Drive Image can perform basic disk imaging operations for Mac computers. See the
Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and File Systems section for details.
To start a Mac computer with the R-Drive Image startup disk,
1. Insert a CD/DVD disc or connect a USB disk
2. Switch the Mac on.
3. While loading, press the Option key on the Mac keyboard (the Alt key if you use a non-Apple keyboard).
4. Select the EFI boot disk and press Enter.

From the R-Drive Image Graphical User Interface

Note: You cannot use this method if your computer uses UEFI to start up. Use external startup media, like a
USB or CD disk instead.
If you try to restart an UEFI computer from the Windows, you'll get a Cannot prepare to reboot... message.
1.Select the file with the image, the object in the image file, select the system disk as the destination as it is
described in the Restore Data from an Image topic. Do not pay much attention to the image file, as it will
be eventually discarded. The only important option at this stage is the image destination. Select the
system disk.
2.When you click the Next button on the Image Object Selection panel, the Disk not locked message will
appear.
3.Select Restart computer (recommended) and click the OK button. The You are about to restart...
message will appear. Click the Yes button. (If you click the Cancel button on the Disk not locked
message, the Cannot lock the disk message will appear, and R-Drive Image will stay on the Image
Object Selection panel.)

Startup Version 87
You computer will restart. The following text will appear on the screen:
Please select the operating system to start:
R-DriveImage Autopart v.2.0

Microsoft Windows XP Professional
4.Select R-DriveImage Autopart v.2.0 and press the Enter button. You may select Microsoft
Windows XP Professional to start Windows normally.
using the R-Drive Image startup USB disk or CD disc
1.Make sure that the first startup device in the system BIOS is the required drive. If you are going to use
the Linux-based startup disk, disable "Secure boot" in the system BIOS if your computer is certified to
run Windows 8 and later. Refer to your system documentation for details. The WindowsPE-based disk
doesn't require this step.
2.Connect the USB disk or insert the CD disc and start your computer.
R-Drive Image will start in the startup mode.and a startup screen will appear:
Select the R-Drive Image GUI (Graphic Mode) to run R-Drive Image in the graphic mode in which its
user interface is similar to the Windows version. if R-Drive Image cannot run in this mode, restart the

system in the Safe VGA mode (only VESA-compliant) which is compatible with most video cards and
monitors. If it fails too, select the Text mode in which the R-Drive Image user interface is shown in the
pseudo-graphic mode compatible with all video cards. The help below describes this pseudo-graphic
mode.
Use the Tab key to switch between the control areas and the arrow keys to select options within the control
areas. Press the Enter key to activate the selected button.
You may also activate a key by pressing the highlighted letter key. You may exit the program by pressing the
x key.
Secure boot:
It may be impossible to start a Windows 8 and later certified computer with the R-Drive Image startup disk
without some additional actions. This happens because any computer should use a so-called "Secure boot"
procedure to comply with Windows 8 hardware certification from Microsoft. In brief, this procedure prevents
computer from booting into any operating system that isn't digitally signed with an appropriate digital signature.
"Secure boot" is claimed to prevent unauthorized modification of the boot sector by bootkits, viruses, trojans,
and other malicious software. To the date, only Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and selected Linux
distributions support this feature. As a side effect, it also prevents most LiveCDs, rescue disks (R-Studio and R-
Drive Image included), and other OS from running.
Likely enough, the other requirement of Windows 8 hardware certification is to make it possible for the user to
disable the Secure boot procedure. Those settings can be done through the system BIOS under the Boot
options. Generally, it's enough to enable Legacy support in those options, but sometimes it may require additional
actions. Please, refer to your system documentation to learn more about disabling/enabling Secure boot.
When Secure boot is disabled, it should be possible to start the computer with the R-Drive Image startup disk.
Please note that you should enable this feature back after using the startup disks because Windows 8 or Server
2012 may not start properly without the Secure boot feature enabled.
When the Action Selection panel will appear.
GUI mode Text mode
Specifying video settings for the GUI startup version.

You may specify video screen resolution when necessary.

Startup Version 89
1 Select Display settings in the shortcut menu
2 Select the required screen resolution and click the OK button
5.3 Restore Data from an Image

Restoring data to a system or other locked disk:
Note: This help page describes the operation of the TUI startup version. Go to the Restore Data from an
Image help page for the GUI version and to the network drives help If necessary.
You cannot restore data to the system (the disk from which Windows starts) or other locked disk the same way
you do that to any other disk. You need either to restart R-Drive Image in its startup mode, or start your
computer from another computer local disk or from specially created startup disk(s).
We recommended that you print out this topic and have the hardcopy on hand while you are
performing this action.
hardware devices, first check the List of Hardware Devices Supported in the Startup Mode.
If you plan to use any external device, turn it on before starting the system.
If the motherboard in your computer supports the Serial ATA (SATA) devices, but IDE disks are also present,
only the SATA devices should be set to the Enhanced Mode in BIOS.

Please, note that the startup version of R-Drive Image can restore data only to fixed-provisional Windows
Storage Spaces You may read more about thin-provisioned or fixed Windows Storage Spaces in Microsoft's
Storage Spaces Overview.
We recommend you stop all other programs before you start restoring data on a partition.
1 Restart your computer in the startup mode
2 Select Restore from an Image on the Action Selection panel and press the N key
Action Selection Panel
Use the arrow keys to switch between the options.

3 Select the file with the image on the Open an Image File panel and press the Enter key
Open an Image File Panel
R/O Read-only disk. You cannot create images on such disks.

Use the Tab key to switch between the control areas and the arrow and Enter keys to navigate within the File
area.
You may also connect network drives.

Startup Version 91
4 Select the object in the image file on the Select an object panel you want to restore data from and
press the N key
Select Source Object Panel
Use the arrow keys to select the object.

5 Select time and data of the data to restore on the Select Image Date/Time panel and press the N key
Use the arrow keys to select the object
6 Select the destination for the data on the Select a target for copy/restore operation panel and press
the N key
Select Target Object Panel
Use the arrow keys to switch between the target objects.

H Hard drive
P Primary partition
L Logical disk
U Unallocated space

7 Specify restore parameters on the Copy/restore options panel and press the N key
Copy/Restore Options Panel
For restoring/copying one or several partition(s):

Restore Options
Partition type You may specify the type of the partition to be restored. Do not change this setting
Primary(Active) unless you have serious reasons to do so.
Primary
Logical
For restoring/copying an entire hard drive to another hard drive:
HDD Copy/Restore Options Panel
HDD Copy Method

Raw disk copy R-Drive Image writes sector-by-sector the data from the original drive or its
image to the target one making an exact copy of the original disk regardless of its
partitioning method. Can be used if other methods create a non-bootable disk due
to incorrect detection of drive's geometry or non-standard loader.
Copy all partitions onto R-Drive Image copies all partitions to their original places. If R-Drive Image
original places detects the drive's geometry correctly, and there is no non-standard loader, it
makes the same result as during Raw disk copy.

Startup Version 93
Realign partitions R-Drive Image will copy the partitions on the disk with a 512KB alignment. This
is very useful for SSD and advanced-formatted disks. If there are empty (non-
used) spaces between partitions, those spaces will be removed taking into account
the alignment.
Expand/Shrink partition If there are empty (not-used) places between the partitions or they occupy less or
to whole disk more space than the target drive, R-Drive Image proportionally expands/shrinks
them to occupy the entire target drive. Otherwise it is similar to Copy all partitions
onto original places.
Fixed active partition R-Drive Image preserves the original offset/size of the active partition (in case the
loader has links to it).
When you restore data from an image of a system disk, a disk signature collision may occur. In this case, the
Disk Signature Collision panel will appear. You may specify the way to resolve this collision on this panel.
Same signature for R-Drive Image will create an identical copy of the source disk with the same
both disk signature.To avoid disk signature collision, you'll have to disconnect one of the
disks and restart the computer, if necessary. Use this mode if you clone a system
disk for another computer or only the target disk will be used in yours.
Different signature on R-Drive Image will write another disk signature to the target disk. Don’t use this
the target disk. mode if you clone a system disk, Windows won’t start from it. To get access to the
target disk after cloning, you’ll have to restart the computer or re-connect it if it’s
an external USB disk.
Change the disk R-Drive Image will change the disk signature on the source disk. Use this mode if
signature on the you want to start Windows from the target disk, but be warned: the computer
source disk.
won’t start from the source disk anymore.
8 Verify that the information on the Confirm operations panel is correct and press the N key
> R-Drive Image will start restoring the data from the image file to the selected destination
The Progress window will show the progress of the current operation and overall process. When the image is
restored, the Operation completed successfully message will appear.
> R-Drive Image will start restoring the files from the image file to the selected destination.
When the image is restored, the Files restored successfully message will appear.

Version.

5.4 Create an Image

It is recommended that you print out this topic and have the hardcopy on hand while you are
Note: This help page describes the operation of the TUI startup version. Go to the Create an Image help page
for the GUI version and to the network drives help If necessary.
2 Select Create an Image on the Select an action and press the N key
progress. Then the R-Drive Image: Select an object you want to archive/backup/copy panel will show
the configuration.
H Hard drive
P Primary partition
L Logical disk
U Unallocated space
3 Select an object which image you want to create on the Select source object panel and press the N
key
Use the arrow keys to switch between the objects and the SPACEBAR to select the object.
Select Source Object Panel

Startup Version 95
4 Select the place on the Create an Image panel to which the image files will be written, specify the file
name, and press the O key
Create an Image File Panel
R/O Read-only disk. You cannot create images on such disks

Use the Tab key to switch between the control areas.
External USB drives with the NTFS file system: the startup version of R-Drive Image can save image files on such
disks if they are properly disconnected in a Windows system using the Safely Remove Hardware icon in the system tray
or while shutting Windows down.
5 Specify image options on the Image Options panel and click the Next button
You may specify image options on this panel.
Image Options Panel

Image options
Options
Image name: Shows the file name for the image. You cannot change the file name on this panel.
Check the image file Select this option if your want R-Drive Image to check the newly created file
immediately upon its image for its consistency. This may be useful for storing image files with critical
creation
versa.
Backup type You may store in the image either the exact Sector by backup copy of the object or
Backup useful information only, that is, you do not have to store empty space of the
object in image files. See Support for Various Disk Partition Schemes and
File Systems for the list of supported file systems.
Image split size You may set this option to Automatic and let Windows decide how to split the
image file. This mostly depends on the file system on the destination disk. You
Password You may protect your image file with a password. Note: If you leave the Encrypt
6 Verify that the information on the Confirm operations panel is correct and click the N key
> R-Drive Image will start creating the image file
The Progress window will show the progress of the current operation and overall process. If you selected a
read-only disk as the target, you will see the File is read-only. Press OK to retry . message.

Startup Version 97
Version.
5.5 Disk to Disk Copy
It is recommended that you print out this topic and have the hardcopy on hand while you are
Note: This help page describes the operation of the TUI startup version. Go to the Copy a Disk to a Disk help
page for the GUI version and to the network drives help If necessary.
2 Select Disk to disk copy on the Action Selection panel and press the N key
progress. Then the R-Drive Image: Select an object you want to archive/backup/copy panel will show
the configuration.
H Hard drive
P Primary partition
L Logical disk
U Unallocated space

3 Select an object you want to copy on the Select an object you want to archive/backup/copy panel
and press the N key
Select an object you want to archive/backup/copy Panel
Use the arrow keys to switch between the objects.

4 Select the destination for the data on the Select a target for copy/restore operation panel and press
the N key
Select a target for copy/restore operation Panel
Use the arrow keys to switch between the target objects.

5 Specify restore parameters on the Copy/restore options panel and press the N key
Copy/restore options Panel
For restoring/copying one or several partition(s):

Restore Options

Startup Version 99
Partition type You may specify the type of the partition to be restored. Do not change this setting
Primary(Active) unless you have serious reasons to do so.
Primary
Logical
For restoring/copying an entire hard drive to another hard drive:
HDD Copy/restore options Panel
HDD Copy Method

Raw disk copy R-Drive Image writes sector-by-sector the data from the original drive or its
image to the target one making an exact copy of the original disk regardless of its
partitioning method. Can be used if other methods create a non-bootable disk due
to incorrect detection of drive's geometry or non-standard loader.
Copy all partitions onto R-Drive Image copies all partitions to their original places. If R-Drive Image
original places detects the drive's geometry correctly, and there is no non-standard loader, it
makes the same result as during Raw disk copy.
Realign partitions R-Drive Image will copy the partitions on the disk with a 512KB alignment. This
is very useful for SSD and advanced-formatted disks. If there are empty (non-
used) spaces between partitions, those spaces will be removed taking into account
the alignment.
Expand/Shrink partition If there are empty (not-used) places between the partitions or they occupy less or
to whole disk more space than the target drive, R-Drive Image proportionally expands/shrinks
them to occupy the entire target drive. Otherwise it is similar to Copy all partitions
onto original places.
Fixed active partition R-Drive Image preserves the original offset/size of the active partition (in case the
loader has links to it).
When you copy a system disk, a disk signature collision may occur. In this case, the Disk Signature Collision
panel will appear. You may specify the way to resolve this collision on this panel.
Same signature for R-Drive Image will create an identical copy of the source disk with the same

both disk signature. To avoid disk signature collision, you'll have to disconnect one of the
disks and restart the computer, if necessary. Use this mode if you clone a system
disk for another computer or only the target disk will be used in yours.
Different signature on R-Drive Image will write another disk signature to the target disk. Don’t use this
the target disk. mode if you clone a system disk, Windows won’t start from it. To get access to the
target disk after cloning, you’ll have to restart the computer or re-connect it if it’s
an external USB disk.
Change the disk R-Drive Image will change the disk signature on the source disk. Use this mode if
signature on the you want to start Windows from the target disk, but be warned: the computer
source disk.
won’t start from the source disk anymore.
6 Verify that the information on the Confirm operations panel is correct and click the N key
> R-Drive Image will start copying the data from the source disk to the selected destination
The Progress window will show the progress of the current operation and overall process. When the data is
copied, the Operation completed successfully message will appear.

Version.

Startup Version 101
5.6 Create an Image from Files

This action is available on the GUI version only. Go to the the Create an Image from Files help page for
instruction and to the network drives help If necessary.
5.7 Partition Manager

This action is available on the GUI version only. Go to the the Partition Manager help page for instruction and
to the network drives help If necessary.
5.8 Check an Image File

Note: This help page describes the operation of the TUI startup version. Go to the Check an Image File help
page for the GUI version and to the network drives help If necessary.
To check an image file:
1 Click Check an Image File on the Action Selection panel
2 Select the file with the image on the Image File Selection panel and click the Next button
Open an Image File Panel

> R-Drive Image will start checking the data in the image file.

Version.
5.9 Network Drives
If your computer is on a local network, you may write image files or restore images to / from network drives. To
do so, you need to map such a network drive.
To map a network drive,
1 Click the Map Network Drive button and enter required information
Map Network Drive
For the network drive' path //SERVER/Backups,

Server IP address: The IP address of the SERVER computer
Server share name : Backups.
Sometimes it may be necessary to manually configure network settings, if, for example, there is no DHCP server
on the network. Click the Configure network button, select the required field, click the Edit Address button, and
enter the required information.

Startup Version 103
Network Settings

Version.
VI Scheduled Actions, Command Line Operations, and

Scripting
This chapter explains how to start disk actions automatically at scheduled times/events and create scripts that can
be performed from a command line or command files.
· Batch Mode
· Rotation Options (Backup Sets)



· Mac RAIDs
such as:

6.1 Scheduler and Unattended Actions
You may schedule some disk actions at a certain time or event, and R-Drive Image will perform them
unattended. You may also execute a task manually. Right-click the task and select Execute Now in the context
menu.
· Create a task
· Edit a task
· Delete a task
· Run a Task Manually

Version.

Scheduled Actions, Command Line Operations, and Scripting 105
6.1.1 Create a Task

Generally, you may set a scheduled task the same way you set a regular action for creating an image of a disk,
partition, or an entire hard drive.
To create a new task:
1 Click Scheduler/Create Script on the Action Selection panel
The Scheduled Tasks panel will appear.
You may create a task for creating an image, image from files, or verifying an image.
2 Click the Create Task button on the Scheduled Tasks panel

3 Select the objects you want to backup on the Partition Selection panel, image destination on the
Image Destination panel, specify necessary parameters on the Image options, Notification options,
Backup options panels, and on the Rotation options panel.
Right-click the selected partition and select Backup selected files if you want to backup only individual files
on the partition.
Attention: If you a going to use a network drive, please note that if this drive is connected under your account it
will be inaccessible to the task run under the local system account unless this drive is also connected to the local
system account using the same disk letter. To avoid this problem, you need either to run the task under your own
account, or use a UNC path in the form: \\[[domain;]username[:password]@]hostname\share\path.
Go to the Create an Image topic for more details.
Please note that you may use Rotation options (backup sets) for creating complex data backup tasks and
maintaining data files.

4 Specify the time or event at which the task should start on the Task execution schedule panel and click
the Next button
You may specify time/event options on this panel.

Task execution schedule options
Task is active If this options is not selected, the task will not start at its scheduled time/event
Wakeup the computer If this checkbox is selected, your computer will automatically start up to perform
to run this task this task

Run missed task as If this checkbox is selected, this task will start as soon as it's possible.
soon as possible
Perform this task:
Daily The task will start repeatedly on a daily time interval
Start time: Time at which the task will start
Repeat task every: Time interval in which the task will be repeated within one day
Delay task up to: Time interval in which the task will randomly start. May be useful when several
images are being created simultaneously.
Start date: Date from which the task will start
Run this task every: Time interval in days in which the task will regularly start
End date: (optional) Date from which the task will not start anymore
Weekly The task will start repeatedly on a weekly time interval
Run this task every: Time interval in weeks in which the task will regularly start
On days: Days of the week on which the task will start
End date: (optional) Date from which the task will not start anymore
Monthly The task will start repeatedly on a monthly time interval
Month schedule
On day... of month Day of the month on which the task will start
Or... Weekdays in the month on which the task will start
Months Months when the task will start
Once The task will start once or repeat it every certain time interval on one day
Start time: Time on which the task will start
Repeat task every Time interval in which the task will regularly start
Delay task up to Time interval in which the task will randomly start. May be useful when several
At system startup The task will start at every system startup
At user logon The task will start every time a user will log on
Run under user A username and password for a user from the Administrators user group.
account

> A new task will appear on the Scheduled Tasks panel

Version.
6.1.2 Edit a Task
You may edit a scheduled task.
To rename a task
2 Right-click the task which you want to rename on the Scheduled Tasks panel
3 Select in the context menu Rename and enter a new task name
Note: You may also use a keyboard shortcut F2 to rename a task
To edit the time or event at which a scheduled task should start:
2 Select a task which event you want to edit on the Scheduled Tasks panel and click the Edit an Event
button
The Task execution schedule panel will appear.
Note: You may also right-click the task and select Edit an event in the context menu.
3 Edit the time or event at which the task should start on the Task execution schedule panel and click the
Save button
Go to the Create a Task topic for details
> The task will appear on the Scheduled Tasks panel with the new starting Time/Event
To edit an entire scheduled task:
2 Select a task which you want to edit on the Scheduled Tasks panel and click the Edit button
Note: You may also right-click the task and select Edit a task in the context menu.
3 Edit the objects you want to backup on the Partition Selection panel, image destination on the Choose
destination of new image panel, necessary parameters on the Image options, Notification options,
Backup options panels, and on the Rotation options panel..
4 Edit the time or event at which the task should start on the Task execution schedule panel, and click
the Save button
Go to the Create a Task topic for more details.

> The task will appear on the Scheduled Tasks panel with the new options

Version.
6.1.3 Delete a Task
You may delete a scheduled task that you do not need any more.
To delete a scheduled task:
2 Select a task you want to delete on the Scheduled Tasks panel and click the Delete a Task button or
Right-click the task and select Delete a Task in the context menu.
The Delete selected task message will appear.
3 Click the OK button

> The task will disappear on the Scheduled Tasks panel

Version.
6.1.4 Run a Task Manually
You may run a task manually at any time.
To run a scheduled task manually:
2 Right-click a task you want to run and select Execute now on the context menu.
You may also create a script from a task and run it manually.

6.2 Rotation Schemes (Backup Sets)

Rotation backup schemes is a way to create sets of files (usually a file for a full image of an object and a number
of its incremental/differential backups) which R-Drive Image treats as one unit. Those schemes may be used to
create images of the same objects with the same filenames but with different parameters.Rotation schemes make
it possible for you to flexibly control the parameters of complex backup tasks.
You may specify a total size allocated for the image files, a number of image files you want to keep, and the time
for which you want to keep the data, etc. All this can be done on the Rotation options panel.
R-Drive Image supports the following types of rotation schemes:

· Simple Rotation Schemes
· Custom Rotation Schemes (available only in the Corporate, Technician, Commercial, and OEM
System Recovery Media versions)
And this page gives an example of the outcome of a rotation scheme:
· An example of a rotation scheme
6.2.1 Simple Rotation Schemes
These scheme types are available in all R-Drive Image versions:
The following simple rotation schemes can be used:
No rotation
No rotation
Imaging mode
Specifies how the data will be written to an existing image file.
Incremental: Select this option to preserve the data in the existing image file and append only changes.
Appended changes will be those between the last saved changes and the current state. You may restore data
as they were on each time of data imaging.
Differential: Select this option to preserve the data in the existing image file and append only changes.
Appended changes will be those between the first saved full image and the current state. You may restore
data as they were on each time of data imaging.
Overwrite: Select this option if you want to completely replace the data in the image file.
Minimum file sizes: If you need to keep only the latest backup instant, you may use the Ddifferentially
option and delete all previous differential files. If you need to keep all instances, you may use the Incrementally
option to keep overall file sizes smaller.

Data safety: If any of the differential file is damaged, data will be lost only for that backup instant. If any of
the incremental file is damaged, data will be lost for all subsequent backup instances starting from the
damaged file until the next full of differential backup.
Rotation scheme outcome: the first image will be a full one, the rest images will be differential ones.
Simple
Simple rotation scheme
Simple rotation schemes options

Imaging mode Full: All data in the image file will be replaced with the current one.
Differentially: Appended changes will be those between the saved full image
and the current state. If there is no full image, it will be created instead. When
restoring data, you will need the full image and ONLY the differential file
created at the instant to which you want to restore data.
Incrementally: Appended changes will be those between the last saved
changes and the current state. If there is no full image, it will be created
instead. When restoring data, you will need the full image and ALL files (both
incremental and differential ones) created to the instant to which you want to
restore data.
Minimum file sizes: If you need to keep only the latest backup instant, you
may use the Ddifferentially option and delete all previous differential files. If
you need to keep all instances, you may use the Incrementally option to keep
overall file sizes smaller.
Data safety: If any of the differential file is damaged, data will be lost only
for that backup instant. If any of the incremental file is damaged, data will be
lost for all subsequent backup instances starting from the damaged file until
the next full of differential backup.
Full image every Specifies the number of differential/incremental images after which a full image
will be created.
Maximum number of full Specifies the number of full images. If it is exceeded, the older full backup files
images will be removed.
Maximum image files age Specifies the number of days for which R-Drive Image will keep the files.
Then the files will be removed.

Maximum number of image Specifies the number of image files. If it is exceeded, the older files will be
files removed.
Maximum size of all image Specifies the total size of all files. If it is exceeded, the older files will be
files removed.
Apply quota Before & After imaging: the settings will be applied before creating the image,
but as if it's already been created. For example, if the number of files is set to
3, and there are already 3 files,the oldest file will be deleted before creation
of the new image file.
After imaging: R-Drive Image will create the image file first, then deletes the
oldest file.
Always leave first full image If this option is selected, the very first image will always be kept.
Note: when a full image file is deleted according to the specified options, R-Drive Image deletes all
differential/incremental image files related to that full image.
Rotation scheme outcome: the first image will be a full one, then next 6 images will be differential ones,
then another full image, followed by 6 differential images. One full image and all respective differential imaged
will be deleted when 3 full images have been created, You may see the outcome of this scheme on the An
example of a rotation scheme help page.
You may read more about next rotation schemes in Wikipedia: Backup rotation scheme.
Grandfather-Father-Son
Grandfather-Father-Son scheme
Grandfather-Father-Son schemes options

Keep Daily images Specifies the number of days for which R-Drive Image will keep Daily
image files. Then the files will be removed.
Keep Weekly images Specifies the number of weeks for which R-Drive Image will keep Weekly
Keep Monthly images Specifies the number of months for which R-Drive Image will keep Monthly

files removed.
oldest file.
Rotation scheme outcome: the first image will be a full one, then every day a incremental image, every
week a differential image, every month a full image. All incremental images will be deleted when a differential
image has been created. All differential images will be deleted when a monthly image has been created. The
oldest full image and respective differential / incremental images will be deleted in 3 months.
Tower-of-Hanoi
Tower-of-Hanoi
Tower-of-Hanoi schemes options

Number of tiers Number of successive image creation steps/
Keep Monthly images Specifies the number of months for which R-Drive Image will keep Monthly
oldest file.
Rotation scheme outcome: the first image will be a full one, the next image will be the differential one, then
an incremental one. A full image will be created in 4 images. The the rest of the images will be deleted.

Version.
6.2.2 Custom Rotation Schemes
These scheme types are available only in the Corporate, Technician, Commercial, and OEM System
Recovery Media versions.
It gives much more flexibility to you in controlling the outcome of the rotation scheme.
Custom rotation scheme
Custom rotation schemes options

Rotation scheme The name of the rotation scheme.
Maximum number of image Specifies the number of image files. If it is exceeded, the older files will be
files removed.
files removed.
On exceed Specifies the action that performs when the quota is exceeded. The following
actions are available:
No actions
Delete
Move
Command
oldest file.

Note: when a full image file is deleted according to the specified options, R-Drive Image deletes all
differential/incremental image files related to that full image.
Rotation scheme outcome: the first image will be a full one, then next 6 images will be incremental ones,
then a differential image, the incremental images will be deleted. then next 6 incremental images and another
differential image. A full image will be created once a month.
6.2.3 An example of a rotation scheme
The scheme and settings

This scheme is shown on the Simple Rotation Scheme help page. It should create a full backup every Sunday
and differential backups every other day. The task should start at 5:00 PM and 3 full backup images should
always be kept.
It has the following parameters:
Rotation scheme Simple
Imaging mode Differential
Full image every 6 images
Maximum 3
number of full
images
Maximum image 20 days
files age
Maximum 22
number of image
files
Maximum size of 500000 MB
all image files
Apply quota After imaging
Always leave first No
full image
The setting should be the following:
On the Rotation options panel
The following setting should be specified:

Simple rotation scheme
On the Task execution schedule panel:

The following setting should be specified:
Task execution schedule
And the task should be activated on Monday, say, August 2, 2021.

File name convention:
Full backup: <FIleName>_<Date_of_First_Backup>_<Time_of_First_Backup>_1.rdr
Differential <FIleName>_<Date_of_First_Backup>_<Time_of_First_Backup>_1_N+1.rdr
backup:
N is the number of differential backup
The scheme outcome

The files created
Date Day Files created on the destination, the last is the newly created
on;Comments
8/2/2021 Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1.rdr ;Full backup 1
Monday
Tuesday Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1_1.rdr ;Differential backup 1:1


Wednesday Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1_1.rdr ;Differential backup 1:1
Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1_2.rdr ;Differential backup 1:2
Thursday Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1_1.rdr ;Differential backup 1:1
8/6/2021 Friday Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1.rdr ;Full backup 1
Saturday Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1_1.rdr ;Differential backup 1:1
8/8/2021 Sunday Test_Image_08022021_05PM0000_1.rdr ;Full backup 1
Test_Image_08082021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
Monday Test_Image_08082021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
Tuesday Test_Image_08082021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
Wednesday Test_Image_08082021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
............. ..................
.....
Saturday Test_Image_08082021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
Sunday Test_Image_08092021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2


Tuesday Test_Image_08092021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
............. ..................
.....
Saturday Test_Image_08092021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
8/22/2021 ;Full backup 1 is deleted
Sunday Test_Image_08092021_05PM0000_2.rdr ;Full backup 2
............. ..................
.....

6.3 Scripting and Command Line Operations

You may create scripts for frequently repeated or unattended disk actions and execute them from a command line or file. The
same script commands may be executed directly from a command line.
Currently, R-Drive Image supports scripts for creating a new image file, appending data to an existing
one, restoring data from an image, check an image, and mount/unmount images as virtual logical disk.
To create a script
· Creating a script from R-Drive Image
· Creating a script manually
To execute a script:
1 Type in the command line:
r-driveimagecl [/switches] cmd="<ScriptName>.rdi"
where <ScriptName> is the script name and its path, if necessary,
and press the Enter key
Note: if ScriptName contains no spaces, double quotes (") may be omitted. No characters in ScriptName
should be escaped.
Incompatibilities with ver.3.x
Script name should be passed using the cmd key.
Ver. 3.x r-driveimagecl [/switches] <ScriptName>.rdi
Ver. 4.x r-driveimagecl [/switches] cmd="<ScriptName>.rdi"
Switc Description
h
a A non-interactive mode. R-Drive Image will not ask the user any questions. If it cannot perform
the action, it will generate an error.
d A debug mode. R-Drive Image will display all the information as it was performing the action,
but will not perform the actual action.
f If an error occurs, R-Drive Image will not exit the script and continue perform it from the
following command. Inapplicable to actions started from the command line
i Not functioning since version 4.7!
The s and d parameters will use disk indexes rather than disk numbers. Disk indexes are disk
serial numbers and can be seen either on the R-Drive Image Partition Selection panel or
Windows Disk Management.
o If a file with a specified filename exists, R-Drive Image will overwrite it quietly.
off will shut down the computer when it finishes the command.
Switches set in the command lines also is used as default values for parameters in scripts.
> R-Drive Image will start executing the script showing the operation parameters and progress.
When R-Drive Image completes the operation, the Commit OK message will appear in the command
prompt.
You may include this command to a command file and automatically run such command file either manually or
using any scheduling software for unattended disk actions.

To perform an action from the command line:

1 Type in the command line:
R-DriveImage [/switches] command <params>
to start R-Drive Image application
or
r-driveimagecl [/switches] command <params>
to start R-Drive Image console application
and press the Enter key.
> R-Drive Image will start executing the command showing the action's progress.
When R-Drive Image completes the action, the Commit OK message will appear in the command prompt.
Note: the /f switch is not applicable to the actions performed from the command prompt.

Version.
6.3.1 Create a Script from R-Drive Image
You may create scripts directly from R-Drive Image the same way you set a regular action for creating an
image of a disk, partition, or an entire hard drive.
To create a script from a disk action
1 Click Create an Image on the Action Selection panel and specify all the options and parameters as it is
described on the Create an Image topic.
2 Click the Script to Clipboard button on the Processing panel and paste the script to any text-processing
utility
3 Save the script in a file
The default extension for R-Drive Image scripts is .rdi. Go to the Scripting and Command Line Operation
topic to learn how to use scripts
To create a script from an existing task
2 Right-click the task the Scheduled Tasks panel
3 Select Save as Script in the shortcut menu and specify the name of the script
> R-Drive Image will save the script in the specified file

To create a new script from the Scheduler

2 Click the Create a Script button on the Scheduled Tasks panel
3 Select the objects you want to backup on the Select disk(s) to create image panel, image destination
on the Choose destination of new image panel, specify necessary parameters on the Image options,
Notification options, Backup options panels, and on the Rotation options panel.
Please note that you may use rotation schemes (backup sets) for creating complex data backup tasks and
maintaining data files.
4 Verify that the information on the Processing panel is correct and click the Save button
You may also click the Script to Clipboard button to copy this script into the Clipboard and paste the script to
any text-processing utility.
> R-Drive Image will save the script in the specified file
To create a script from a scheduled task
2 Right-click the task from which you want to create a script on the Scheduled Tasks panel
3 Select in the context menu either Save as script to save the script in a file or Script to Clipboard
(Ctrl+C) to copy and paste the script to any text-processing utility.

Version.
6.3.2 Create a Script Manually
R-Drive Image has a very powerful and versatile script language that enables you to create scripts for all your needs.
A script consists of commands and their parameters. All commands, parameter, and their values are case-
sensitive.
Incompatibilities with ver.3.x
Ver. 3.x Ver. 4.x
File names with "
Escaping of the " character has been "" "
changed
File names with &
& &

Escaping of the & character has been

changed
Partition list
-s="part1" -s="part2" -
Several partitions should be set in one s="part3"
-s="part1 part2 part3"
list
General:
The default extension for R-Drive Image script files is .rdi.
Parameter values may be inclosed in single (') or double (") quotes. if the value does not contain spaces, the quotes
may be omitted.
R-Drive Image ignores spaces in the beginning of a line. R-Drive Image treats multiple spaces as one space,
except when they are in a parameter value enclosed in quotes.
Examples:
Below are equal lines:
create -a = "c:\archive.rdr"
create -a = "c:\archive.rdr"
Below are not equal lines:
create -a = "c:\archive 1.rdr"
create -a = "c:\archive 1.rdr"
Comments:
R-Drive Image treats lines which the first non-space character is ; or the first non-space character is [ and the
last one is ], as comments.
Examples:
; This is a comment line
[This is a comment line]
Multiple lines:
If the last non-space character in a line is \, R-Drive Image appends the next line to it:
Example:
Lines:
create -a = "c:\archive.rdr" -s = "1:1" \
c = "5"
are equal to the line:
create -a = "c:\archive.rdr" -s="1:1" c= "5"
Disk size units
Values specifying disk sizes may be in units.
b bytes
Kb kilobytes 2^10 = 1,024 b
Mb megabytes 2^20 = 1,024
Kb
Gb gigabytes 2^30 = 1,024
Mb
If the units are used, enclose the value in quotes.
Default values are Mb (megabytes).

Characters to substitute
If the following characters are to appear in the parameter values, they should be substituted by the following rules:
Character String to substitute
" "
' '
& &
carriage &cr;
return
new line &nl;
Note: This is the incompatibility with scripts created for the earlier versions of R-Drive Image.
URL paths
For remote hosts, R-Drive Image supports URL of two types:
\\[[domain;]username[:password]@]hostname\share\path
smb://[[domain;]username[:password]@]hostname[:<port>].share/path
They can be used instead local paths.
Script commands and parameters:
Command Optional/
Description and examples
Its Parameters Mandatory
Returns a partition list for local drives or an image file. If the drive
list contains an APFS container, the command will show both the APFS
container and its APFS volumes.
Specifies a path (including its file name) to the image file.
-
a=<PathOfNewA Mandatory Examples:
rchiveFile> -a=C:\Images\Test.rdr or -a="C:\Image Files\Test
1.rdr"
Specifies an image password. Mandatory if the image file has been
-p=<Password>
Mandatory/Not already encrypted. It there is a space in the password, the password
used should be in quotes.
Examples: -p=Password or -p='My Password'
Specifies which incremental data will be used to list the partitions in the
image. If the TimeSliceNumber is not specified, the first data in the
image will be used. -1 specifies the last incremental data in the image.
first: R-Drive Image will use the first incremental data in the
image.
-
last: R-Drive Image will use the last incremental data in the image.
t=<TimeSliceN Optional
umber> +<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th incremental data from the
beginning in the image.
-<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th incremental data from the end
in the image.
Examples: -t="+2" specifies the second incremental data from the
beginning in the image will be used to list partitions.
Example:
list -a=C:\Images\Test.rdr -p="mY pasSsworRrd"

This script command returns a list of partitions stored in the C:\Images\Test.rdr image file protected by the
password mY pasSsworRrd.
Creates a system dump that may be necessary to obtain technical
sysdump support. An image file can be included into that system dump. In this
case, the keys -a, -p, -t from the list command should be used.
-
sysdump="<Sys Mandatory Specifies the filename for the system dump.
DumpFile>"
Example:
sysdump -sysdump="MySysDump" -a=C:\Images\Test.rdr -p="mY pasSsworRrd"
This script command creates a file with the system dump, its name is MySysDump. The system dump includes
the image file C:\Images\Test.rdr protected by the password mY pasSsworRrd.
register Registers R-Drive Image from the command line.
-reg-
user="<UserNa Mandatory Specifies the user name for registration.
me>"
-reg-
key="<Registr Mandatory Specifies the register key for registration.
ationKey>"
-reg-
company="<Use Optional Specifies the company for registration.
rCompany>"
Example:
register -reg-user="Tester 1" -reg-company=R-TT Testing Team" -reg-
key="fafaasertghzfvasfje134"
This script command registers R-Drive Image for the user Tester 1 from the company R-TT Testing Team
using the key fafaasertghzfvasfje134.
Disk descriptors used in the -s and -d commands
Below is the list of disk descriptors R-Drive Image uses to identify hard drives, logical disks, and partitions. It
is written in the order of importance, from the most important descriptor to the least important one. If there are
several objects with identical disk descriptors, R-Drive Image identifies them using the most important disk
descriptor with different values.
real : a basic disk
dynamic : a dynamic disk
hdd_vtype HDD type. pure : disk objects like USB pendrives with only one logical disk on
it.
Example: hdd_vtype=real
Disk size should be specified in bytes, no KB or MB are allowed.
hdd_size HDD size
Example: hdd_size=40060403712
Example: hdd_name=SAMSUNG SP0411NTW100-11 (
hdd_name HDD name
denotes a space)
HDD serial
hdd_serial Example: hdd_serial=S01JJ30X912841
number
Can be: none, ata, atapi, scsi, floppy, usb, firewire,
Type of the
hdd_bus_type ssa, fibre, raid, smart, abios, sata, sata2.
HDD bus
Example: hdd_bus_type=ata

Port number for

hdd_port_num Example: hdd_port_num=0
HDD
Target ID for
hdd_target_id Example: hdd_target_id=1
HDD
Disk number,
coincides with
hdd_num the disk number Example: hdd_num=1
used in the old
notations.
part_free_spa 1 if this object is a disk free space, 0 if not.
Free space mark
ce Example: part_free_space=1
Partition offset should be specified in bytes, no KB or MB are
Partition offset in
part_ofs allowed.
bytes.
Example: part_ofs=16778264576
Partition size should be specified in bytes, no KB or MB are allowed.
part_size Partition size
Example: part_size=23279435776
Can be: none, ntfs, fat12, fat16, fat32, exfat,
part_fs
Partition file ext2fs, ext3fs, ext4fs, ufs1, ufs2, hfs ,hfsplus
system ,hfsx, iso9660
Example: part_fs=ntfs
part_label Disk label Example: part_label=Test_Data
Disk letter of
part_mounted Example: part_mounted=G:\
folder
Partition number,
coincides with
the partition
number used in
part_num Example: part_num=2
the old notations.
Free space is
considered as a
partition.
Partition
part_id Example: part_id=2
identifier.
APFS volume
identifier in an
vol_id Example: vol_id=3
APFS
container..
Partition
identifier when
used_id Example: used_id=2
free space is
omitted.
Free space
unused_id Example: unused_id=1
identifier when

partitions are
omitted.
A partition may be identified using its descriptors:
hdd_size=40060403712+part_num=2+hdd_num=1+hdd_target_id=0+hdd_bus_type=ata+part_lab
el=Part2+part_ofs=16778264576+part_mounted=G:\+hdd_name=SAMSUNG
SP0411NTW100-
11+part_size=23279435776+hdd_port_num=0+hdd_serial=S01JJ30X912831+part_fs=ntfs+hdd_
vtype=real
create
append
Differentially appends data to an existing image file. If such file does
not exist, it will be created.
Specifies a source object to create the image or append to it. The
<SourceDisk> parameter consists of one or several disk descriptors
written in the form:
descriptor_name1=value[+descriptor_name1=value...]. The disk
descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this
table. Old notation is also valid:
-
Old notation examples:
s=<SourceDisk Mandatory for hard drive 1: -s=1
> for the second partition on hard drive 1 (empty space is treated as a
partition): -s=1:2
for the second partition on hard drive 1 skipping empty spaces: -
s=1:p2
for the first empty space on hard drive 1 skipping partitions: -
s=1:f1
for a logical disk: -s=D:
for several logical disks: -s="D: F:"
-
1.rdr"
-
Specifies compression level (1...11).
c=<Compressio Optional
nLevel> Example: -c=3
Backups useful information only. May be used as a Boolean
-u Optional
parameter.
-
Specifies image split size. May be in the float-point format.
v=<ArchiveSiz Optional
e> Example: -v=650 or -v='4.5 Gb'
-append-inc Optional
Creates an incremental backup.
Specifies an image password. Mandatory if the append command is
-p=<Password>
Mandatory/Not used and the image file has been already encrypted. It there is a space
used in the password, the password should be in quotes.
Examples: -p=Password or -p='My Password'
-
Specifies an image description. It there is a space in the description,
r=<Descriptio Optional
n of archive> the description should be in quotes.

Examples: -r=Description or -r="Image Description"

-s-xw Optional Makes R-Drive Image not to use the Windows snapshot provider.
-s-xr Optional Makes R-Drive Image not to use the R-TT snapshot provider.
-s-n Optional Notifies system application that a snapshot is being taken.
-s- Specifies an application that will start before the backup operation
b0=<AppBefore Optional starts. The application should return a 0 exit code.
Back> Example: -s-b0="C:\commands\start.exe"
-s- Specifies an application that will start after the backup operation
b1=<AppAfterB Optional completes. The application should return a 0 exit code.
ack> Example: -s-b1="C:\commands\end.exe"
-s- Specifies an application that will start before the snapshot is taken.
s0=<AppBefore Optional The application should return a 0 exit code.
SnapShot> Example: -s-s0="C:\commands\startsnapshot.exe"
-s- Specifies an application that will start after the snapshot is taken. The
s1=<AppAfterS Optional application should return a 0 exit code.
napShot> Example: -s-s1="C:\commands\endsnapshot.exe"
Specifies a command line that will start an application if R-Drive
- Image fails to perform the specified action. If there is a space in the
xe=<AppIfErro Optional command line, the command line should be in quotes.
r> Examples: -xe=error.exe or -xe="winamp C:
\sounds\error.mp3"
Specifies a command line that will start an application if R-Drive
- Image successfully performs the specified action. If there is a space in
xs=<AppIfSucc Optional the command line, the command line should be in quotes.
> Examples: -xs=success.exe or -xs="winamp C:
\sounds\success.mp3"
Specifies that R-Drive Image will use rotation schemes (backup
-bs Optional
sets).
May be used only if the -bs is set. Specifies the total size in MB on
-bs-
the disk allocated for the backup set. If it is exceeded, the backup set
size="<Quota_ Optional
in_MB>" (all its files) will be removed.
Example: -bs-size="20000"
May be used only if the -bs is set. Specifies the number of rotation
-bs-num-
schemes (backup sets) If it is exceeded, the older rotation schemes
b="<Number_of Optional
_backs>" (backup sets) (all their files) will be removed.
Example: -bs-num-b="10"
May be used only if the -bs is set. Specifies the number of files in all
-bs-num-
rotation schemes (backup sets). If it is exceeded, the older rotation
f="<Number_of Optional
_files>" schemes (backup sets) (all their files) will be removed.
Example: -bs-num-f="30"
May be used only if the -bs is set. Specifies the number of days for
-bs- which R-Drive Image will keep the backup set. Then the backup set
Optional
age="<Days>" will be removed.
Example: -bs-age="14"

Used when an image file is written to CD discs. R-Drive Image

-cd-cache Optional creates an ISO image of the CD disc and then copies it to the CD
disc. Without it R-Drive Image writes data directly to the CD disc.
Used when an image file is written to CD discs. Specifies burning
-cd-
speed=<Speed> Optional speed in KB/sec.
Example: -cd-speed="1200"
Used when an image file is written to DVD discs. R-Drive Image
-dvd-cache Optional creates an ISO image of the DVD disc and then copies it to the DVD
disc. Without it R-Drive Image writes data directly to the DVD disc.
Used when an image file is written to DVD discs. Specifies burning
-dvd-speed Optional speed in KB/sec.
Example: -dvd-speed="3324"
Example:
create -
s="hdd_size=40060403712+part_num=1+hdd_num=2+hdd_target_id=0+hdd_bus_type=ata+part
_label=Part1+part_ofs=1048576+part_mounted=F:\+hdd_name=SAMSUNG SP0411NTW100-
11+part_size=16777216000+hdd_port_num=0+hdd_serial=S01JJ30X912831+part_fs=ntfs+hdd
_vtype=real,hdd_size=40060403712+part_num=2+hdd_num=2+hdd_target_id=0+hdd_bus_type
=ata+part_label=Part2+part_ofs=16778264576+part_mounted=H:\+hdd_name=SAMSUNG
SP0411NTW100-
_vtype=real" -a="I:\Test Image.rdr" -c=3 -u = true -p="My Password" -r="This is a
test image" -xe="winamp C:\sounds\error.mp3" -xs="winamp C:\sounds\success.mp3"
This script command creates an image of logical disks F: and H: on the Samsung HDD. The path and filename
for this image file is I:\Test Image.rdr, with compression level 3, and only useful information on this disk
will be written to the image. This image is protected with the password "My Password", and its description is
"This is a test image". If the script action has been performed successfully, the winamp application will play the
success.mp3 file, and if an error occurs, it will play the error.mp3 file.
restore Restores data from an image to a specified disk place
copy Copies a disk to a disk.
Specifies a source object to copy. The <SourceDisk> parameter
consists of one or several disk descriptors written in the form:
descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this
- for hard drive 1: -s=1
s=<SourceDisk Mandatory for the second partition on hard drive 1 (empty space is treated as a
>
partition): -s=1:2
s=1:p2
s=1:f1
for several logical disks: -s="D: F:"

Specifies a destination disk:partition on which the data is to be restored.

The <DestinationDisk> parameter consists of one or several disk
descriptors written in the form:
descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this table.
Old notation is also valid:
- Old notation examples:
d=<Destinatio Mandatory for hard drive 1: -d=1
nDisk>
for the second partition on hard drive 1 (empty space is treated as a
partition): -s=1:2
s=1:p2
s=1:f1
for a logical disk: -d=D:
Applicable to restore only.
Specifies a path (including its file name) to the image file from which
-
a=<PathOfArch Mandatory data is to be restored. It there is a space in the path, the path should
iveFile> be in quotes.
Examples: -a=C:\Images\Test.rdr or -a="C:\Image
Files\Test.rdr"
Specifies a status (primary/active) for a partition to be restored.
Settings:
+p is a primary partition -p is a secondary partition
+a is an active partition -a is a non-active partition
-
Please note that the combination "-p +a" is invalid. If this parameter
k=<"Partition Optional
Status"> is not specified, the data from the image will be used.
Examples:
-k="+p+a" the partition will be primary and active.
-k="+p" the partition will be primary. Information in the image will
be used to make the partition either active or non-active.
Copy/restore useful information only. May be used as a Boolean
-ou Optional
parameter.
Specifies which incremental data will be used to restore data from the
image. If the TimeSliceNumber is not specified, the first data in the
- first: R-Drive Image will use the first incremental data in the
t=<TimeSliceN Optional image.
umber> last: R-Drive Image will use the last incremental data in the image.
+<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th incremental data from the
in the image.


beginning in the image will be used to restore data.
-
Specifies a disk letter. This parameter is case-insensitive.
lr=<DiskLetter Optional
> Examples: -lr="K" or - lr=K.
Specifies a partition size. May be in the float-point format. The
- following predefined values may be used: min: shrink the partition to
sz=<PartitionS Optional the minimum possible size, max: expand the partition to the maximun
ize> size.
Example: -sz=512 or -sz='0.5 Gb'
- Specifies an offset from the beginning of the destination. May be in the
of=<PartitionO Optional float-point format. Default is 0.
fset> Example: -of=512 or -of='0.5 Gb'
Specifies the backup set R-Drive Image will use to restore data.
Parameter may be:
first: R-Drive Image will use the first backup set.
last: R-Drive Image will use the last backup set.
+<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th backup set from the
-bs- beginning.
use="<Paramet Optional -<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th backup set from the end.
er>" <date>: R-Drive Image will use the backup set containing the date
in its name.
Examples:
-bs-use="+3": R-Drive Image will use the 3-rd backup set from
the beginning.
-bs-use="20080521": R-Drive Image will use the backup set
containing the " 20080521" string in its name.
Mandatory / Not Mandatory for password-protected files. Specifies a password for the
-p=<password>
used archive.
Example: -p="my password"
Applicable to copy/restore entire hard drives only.
Specifies an HDD copy mode when copying entire hard drives.
Parameter may be:
0: The default method
-hdd-
1: Raw disk copy
mode="<ModeTy Optional
pe>" 2: Copy all partitions onto original places
19: One partition after another
20: One partition after another (Fixed active partition)
51: Expand/Shrink partition to whole disk
52: Expand/Shrink partition to whole disk (Fixed active partition)
Example:

restore -a="I:\Test Image.rdr" -

_label=Part2
+part_ofs=16778264576+part_mounted=G:\+hdd_name=SAMSUNG SP0411NTW100-
_vtype=real"
-
d="hdd_size=40060403712+part_num=2+hdd_num=1+hdd_target_id=0+hdd_bus_type=ata+part
_label=Part2+part_ofs=16778264576+part_mounted=G:\
+hdd_name=SAMSUNG SP0411NTW100-
_vtype=real"
-p="My Password" -xe="winamp C:\sounds\error.mp3" -xs="winamp C:
\sounds\success.mp3"
This script command restores data to the logical disk G: on the Samsung HDD, the source image is stored in
the "I:\Test Image.rdr", the data is taken from the first partition in the image. This image is protected with
the password "My Password". If the script action has been performed successfully, the winamp application will
play the success.mp3 file, and if an error occurs, it will play the error.mp3 file.
restorefiles Restores individual files from images to a specified destination
Specifies a source object to restore. The <SourceDisk> parameter
consists of one or several disk descriptors written in the form:
- descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this
s="<SourceDis Mandatory table. Old notation is also valid:
k>" Old notation examples:
for hard drive 1: -s=1
for the second partition on hard drive 1: -s=1:2
Specifies a path (including its file name) to the image file from which
- data is to be restored. It there is a space in the path, the path should
a="<PathOfArc Mandatory be in quotes.
hiveFile>" Examples: -a=C:\Images\Test.rdr or -a="C:\Image
Files\Test.rdr"
-
filelist="<Li
Specifies list of files from the image that should be restored.
stOfFilesToRe
Mandatory Example: -filelist="MyPhoto/*,Photo/Picture
store>" 001.jpg,Photo/Picture 003.jpg"
-
Specifies the folder to which files will be restored.
outdir="<Outp Mandatory
utFolder>" Example: -outdir="D:\1111"
Example:
restorefiles -
_label=NTFS-Test+part_ofs=64512+part_mounted=F:\+hdd_name=WDC WD75DA-
00AWA107.21L07
+part_size=3141991936+hdd_port_num=0+hdd_serial=WD-
WMA1J1262876+part_fs=ntfs+hdd_vtype=real"
-a="I:\Test_Image.rdr" -t="+1" -filelist="MyPhoto/*,Photo/Picture 001.jpg,

Photo/Picture 003.jpg,Photo/Picture 005.jpg,Photo/Picture 007.jpg,Photo/Picture

009.jpg,Photo/Picture 010.jpg,Photo/Picture 011.jpg,
017.jpg,Photo/Picture 018.jpg,Photo/Picture 019.jpg,Photo/Picture 020.jpg,
Photo/Picture 021.jpg,Photo/Picture 022.jpg,Photo/Picture 023.jpg,
027.jpg,Photo/Picture 028.jpg" -outdir="D:\1111"
This script command restores the specified files to the destination path D:\1111 from the source image of the
first partition of the hard drive stored in the file I:\Test_Image.rdr.
check Checks consistency of the archive
Specifies a path (including its file name) to the image which integrity is
- to be checked. It there is a space in the path, the path should be in
a=<PathOfArch Mandatory quotes.
iveFile> Examples: -a=C:\Images\Test.rdr or -a="C:\Image
Files\Test.rdr"
Example:
check -a="I:\Test Image.rdr"
This script command checks the image file I:\Test Image.rdr for its consistency.
mount Mounts an image file as a read-only virtual disk.
-
1.rdr"
Specifies an object in the image to mount. The <SourceDisk>
parameter consists of one or several disk descriptors written in the
form: descriptor_name1=value[+descriptor_name1=value...]. The
-
disk descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this
s=<SourceDisk Mandatory
> table. Old notation is also valid:
-
lr=<DiskLetter Mandatory
Specifies which incremental data in the image will be used to mount a
disk. If the TimeSliceNumber is not specified, the first data in the
first: R-Drive Image will use the first incremental data in the
image.
-
last: R-Drive Image will use the last incremental data in the image.
t=<TimeSliceN Optional
umber> +<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th incremental data from the
in the image.
beginning in the image will be used to mount a disk.

Specifies the backup set R-Drive Image will use to mount as a

logical disk. Parameter may be:
first: R-Drive Image will use the first backup set.
last: R-Drive Image will use the last backup set.
+<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th backup set from the
beginning.
-bs-
-<n>: R-Drive Image will use the n-th backup set from the end.
use="<Paramet Optional
er>" <date>: R-Drive Image will use the backup set containing the date
in its name.
Examples:
-bs-use="+3": R-Drive Image will use the 3-rd backup set from
the beginning.
-bs-use="20080521": R-Drive Image will use the backup set
containing the " 20080521" string in its name.
Example:
mount -a="I:\Test Image.rdr" -s=1:2 lr=F: -t=-1
This script command mounts the second partition of the first hard drive contained in the image file I:\Test
Image.rdr. The virtual logical disk will have the F: letter.
unmount Unmounts a mounted virtual disk.
-
lr=<DiskLetter Mandatory
Example:
unmount lr=F:
This script command unmounts the virtual logical disk F:.
activate
Sets a specified partition active.
The required partition should be specified
Specifies the partition on the disk to set active. The <SourceDisk>
parameter consists of one or several disk descriptors written in the
form: descriptor_name1=value[+descriptor_name1=value...]. The
-
disk descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this
> table. Old notation is also valid:
Example:
activate -s=1:1
This script command set the first partition of the first hard drive active.
delete
Deletes a partition on a drive
The required partition should be specified
Specifies a partition to delete. The <SourceDisk> parameter consists
- of one or several disk descriptors written in the form:
s=<SourceDisk Mandatory descriptor_name1=value[+descriptor_name1=value...]. The disk
> descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this


Example:
delete -s=F:
This script command deletes the logical disk F:.
clear Deletes all partitions on a drive
Specifies the hard drive where all partitions should be deleted. The
<SourceDisk> parameter consists of one or several disk descriptors
written in the form:
-
> descriptors are presented in the Disk descriptors section of this
for hard drive 1: -s=1
Specifies a partitioning scheme type to be created on the hard drive.
<PartitionType> may be:
-part-
type=<Partiti
Optional/Mandat mbr: R-Drive Image will create the MBR scheme.
onType> ory gpt: R-Drive Image will create the GPT schemes.
If omitted, the existing partitioning schemes table will be cleared.
Mandatory if no partitioning schemes exists on the hard drive.
Example:
clear -s=2
This script command deletes all partitions on the second hard drive.
fixmbr Optional Installs a default boot loader on a hard drive
- Specifies the hard drive where the boot loader will be installed.
s=<SourceDisk Mandatory Example:
> for hard drive 1: -s=1
Example:
fixmbr -s=1
This script command installs the default boot loader to the first hard drive.
mail Optional Specifies all mail options globally for the entire script
Example:
mail -ms=mail.example.com [email protected] [email protected] -
ml=rtt1:password -me -mx -mz=ssl
This script command sends e-mails confirming success or error of the action from [email protected] to
[email protected] via the mail.example.com SMTP server using the default (25) port with the rtt1 login
and password password. The SSL option is SSL.
Parameters applicable to all commands
These parameters can be used in all commands
Controls the way R-Drive Image logs its command-line activity. By
- default, it outputs its activity into WinNT event log if started from
log="<LogOptio Optional Windows scheduler, but can create its own xml-type log files.
ns>" LogOptions may be:
#nodefault: disables the default log output into syslog

<filename>: writes the log to the specified file name and path.
Example: c:\mylogs\mylog.txt. The "," character in the file name
should be doubled.
<filepath>: writes the log files (a separate one to each session) to
the specified folder. Each file name will have the following filename:
date_time.rdl. Examples: c:\mydir\, file name:
20081003_215302.rdl.
#syslog: output logs into WinNT event log.
#sysdir: outputs logs into C:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\Application Data\R-TT\R-Drive Image\Logs\.
Example: -log="#nodefault,c:\mylog.txt,c:
\mydir\,#sysdir"
This will make R-Drive Image write its logs to the c:\mylog.txt
file, and to the c:\mydir\ and C:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\Application Data\R-TT\R-Drive Image\Logs\ folders
without writing to WinNT event log.
Sends e-mail messages if the action fails or succeeds and specifies e-
mail options mail parameters. If a personal firewall is installed on your computer,
Optional
you should allow the r-driveimagecl.exe application to get access
to the e-mail server.
Sends an e-mail message when R-Drive Image fails to perform the
-me Optional
specified action. May be used as a Boolean parameter.
Sends an e-mail message when R-Drive Image successfully
-mx Optional
performs the specified action. May be used as a Boolean parameter.
Mandatory if the -me or/and -mx option is used. Specifies an SMTP
-
ms=<SMTPServe
Mandatory/Not server and port (optional).
r[:port]> used Examples: -ms=mail.example.com or -
ms=mail.example.com:25
- Mandatory if the -me or/and -mx option is used. Specifies a sender's
Mandatory/Not
ma=<SenderEma e-mail address.
il> used
Example: [email protected]
- Mandatory if the -me or/and -mx option is used. Specifies a recipient's
Mandatory/Not
mr=<Recepient e-mail address or addresses.
Email> used
Example: [email protected]
-
Specifies a login and password at the SMTP server.
ml=<Login:Pas Optional
sword> Example: -ml=rtt1:password
- Specifies the SSL options. Can be auto,no,ssl,tls.
mz=<SSLOption Optional Default is auto
s> Example: -mz=ssl
-
Specifies the sender name.
mn=<SenderNam Optional
e> Example: -mn="Jhon Smith"
-
Specifies the mail subject..
mc=<MailSubje Optional
ct> Example: -mc="Backup Result"

Boolean parameters
Those are parameters that may have Boolean values:
true, 1, yes, false, 0, no.
They may be used as keys (example: -u) or as parameters with values (example: -u=true).
Entities or Variables.
Entities may be used as variables to create various text strings. They are start with & and end with ;.
Version Entities.
In the examples below, the R-Drive Image version is assumed as 4.1.67
Entity Description
&rdi.ver; The R-Drive Image version. Example: "4.1"
&rdi.ver.build The R-Drive Image build. Example: "4167"
;
&rdi.ver.major The R-Drive Image major version. Example: "4"
;
&rdi.ver.minor The R-Drive Image minor version. Example: "1"
;
&rdi.ver.submi The R-Drive Image sub-minor version. Example: "67"
nor;
Result Entities
Entity Description
&rdi.last_resu Returns the last result of R-Drive Image operation. May be undefined, success,
lt; failed.
Time Entities.
In the examples below, the system time is assumed as 11:10:04 AM
Entity Description
&sys.time; System time in the locale format. Example: "11:10:04". Please note that it is impossible
to use this entity in file names because it contains an invalid character :.
&sys.time.m; Minutes
&sys.time.h; Hours in the 24 h format
&sys.time.h12; Hours in the 12 h format
&sys.time.h24; Hours in the 24 h format
&sys.time.s; Seconds
&sys.time._m; PM or AM
Date Entities.
In the examples below, the system date is assumed as February 1, 2007, Thursday
Entity Description
&sys.date; System date in the locale format. Example: "29/01/07". Please note that it is not
recommended to use this entity in file names because that will create a chunk of folders.
&sys.date.d; Month day. Example: "01"
&sys.date.m; Month. Example: "02"
&sys.date.y; Short year. Example: "07"

&sys.date.yyyy Long year. Example: "2007"

;
&sys.date.m.na Month name. Example: "February"
me;
&sys.date.m.nm Short month name. Example: "Feb"
;
&sys.date.wd; Week day number, starting from Sunday. Example: "5"
&sys.date.wd.n Week day name. Example: "Thursday"
ame;
&sys.date.wd.n Short week day name. Example: "Th"
m;
Enumeration Entities
Entity Description
&rdi.enum; Defines the number of calls to this entity. Starts from 0.
&rdi.enum.<Num Defines the number of calls to this entity. Starts from 0. Num specifies the format of the
>; number. Example: &rdi.enum.3; will return 001 for the second calls to this entity.
User-defined entities
You may create your own entities using the set command. Example:
set creat_date = "&sys.date.m.name;-&sys.date.d;-&sys.date.y;"
You may use this entity, for instance, set a command creating files with their date of creation as the file name:
create -a="D:\archive\&creat_date;.rdr" -s="c:"
If the date when the script has been run is February 1, 2007, Thursday, this command will create an image of the
logical disk C: and write it to the D:\archive\February-01-07.rdr file.
Please note that the set command defines the entities rather than specifies their value. The actual value of an
entity will be determined each time the entity is used. Example:
set creat_time = "&sys.time.h24;-&sys.time.m;-&sys.time.s;"
and the creat_time entity is used in two commands in a script:
create -a="D:\archive\&creat_time;.rdr" -s="c:"
create -a="D:\archive\&creat_time;.rdr" -s="c:"
R-Drive Image will create two different files with different file names, each representing the time of file creation.
The unset command deletes entities. Example:
unset creat_date creat_time
After this command the creat_date and creat_time entities cannot be used and cause R-Drive Image to
generate an error if they appear further in the script.

Version.

VII Technical Information

This chapter gives technical information on
· Updates
· Logging
· Supported Virtual Disk and Disk Image Formats:
· Disk Wiping Algorithms

· Mac RAIDs
such as:

Technical Information 139
7.1 Updates
Automatic update
R-Drive Image may automatically check for available updates. When it finds an update it shows a widget on its
panel. You may start updating by clicking this widget.
Manual update
You may manually update R-Drive Image either on the About R-Drive Image dialog box, or on the Action
selection panel.

7.2 Logging
R-Drive Image stores logs of several last actions. You may see them on the Executed operation(s) log panel.
When R-Drive Image finishes its work it can show you a brief descriptions and result of the performed
operations.
Click the Open logs button and the Operation details window will appear.

You may save the log, print the log, or send it somewhere via email.
R-Drive Image keeps a log of all performed operations on the Executed operation(s) log panel.
You may turn on saving the log into a file.

To turn logging on:
1 Click the About button
2 Select Logging and specify a log file name and its path on the About R-Drive Image dialog box.
7.3 Creating Consistent Point-in-Time Backups

Some programs may write some data on the disk while R-Drive Image is creating a data backup. To avoid
data inconsistency, R-Drive Image uses two mechanisms for creating consistent point-in-time backups.
Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, and later
R-Drive Image uses Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) to notify other applications supporting
this service that it is going to start a data backup process in order for them to flash all necessary data to the disk.
Most applications like Microsoft Exchange Server, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle software support this
service.
Options Windows Volume Snapshot Service and Notify system application on the Backup Options panel
enable/disable the use of this service.
If a software that does not support VSS runs on your computer, you may use Backup AUX applications and
Snapshot AUX applications on the Backup Options panel (and their respective commands/parameters in scripts) to
send special commands to your application that will make that application flush its data to the disk before the
backup process starts.
Windows 2000 and earlier
R-Drive Image uses its own driver to create a file system snapshot but it does not notify other applications that
it is going to start a backup process. Therefore, if an application stores some of its data in memory, they will not

be saved in the backup file. To avoid data inconsistency, we recommend you to use Backup AUX applications and
Snapshot AUX applications on the Backup Options panel (and their respective commands/parameters in scripts) to
send special commands to your application that will make that application flush its data to the disk before the
backup process starts.
Option R-TT Volume Snapshot Service on the Backup Options panel enables/disables the use of this service.
Backup Options
one, and so on.
process.
zeros.
process.

applications snapshot of one or several volumes. Please note that those application should
file.
If any of Backup AUX applications and Snapshot AUX applications are executed, the following environment variables
are set:
R_CALLBACK_UID A unique digital backup id used in all calls for external commands pertaining to that
backup process.
R_CALLBACK_STAGE Takes the following values:
BEFORE_BACKUP
AFTER_BACKUP
BEFORE_SNAPSHOT
AFTER_SNAPSHOT
R_VOLUME_NAMES A comma-separated name list of partitions to be processed.
R_VOLUME_GUIDS A comma-separated GUID list of partitions to be processed
Therefore, the same command may be used for all the fields provided it will determine using
R_CALLBACK_STAGE in which context it is called.
Below is an example of the variables when disks C: and D: are being backed up:
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_CALLBACK_STAGE=BEFORE_BACKUP
R_VOLUME_NAMES=C:,D:
R_VOLUME_GUIDS={d5f570a1-2978-11dc-83bf-005056c00008},{9636e065-f75e-11dc-981a-
829328f78201}
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_CALLBACK_STAGE=BEFORE_SNAPSHOT
R_VOLUME_NAMES=C:
R_VOLUME_GUIDS={d5f570a1-2978-11dc-83bf-005056c00008}

R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_CALLBACK_STAGE=AFTER_SNAPSHOT
R_VOLUME_NAMES=C:
R_VOLUME_GUIDS={d5f570a1-2978-11dc-83bf-005056c00008}
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_VOLUME_NAMES=D:
R_VOLUME_GUIDS={9636e065-f75e-11dc-981a-829328f78201}
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_VOLUME_NAMES=D:
R_VOLUME_GUIDS={9636e065-f75e-11dc-981a-829328f78201}
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_CALLBACK_STAGE=AFTER_BACKUP
R_VOLUME_NAMES=C:,D:
829328f78201}
Note: If the system settings permit, several disks may appear in one snapshot. Then the following calls will
appear:
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_CALLBACK_STAGE=BEFORE_BACKUP
R_VOLUME_NAMES=?:,D:
829328f78201}
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
829328f78201}
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
829328f78201}
R_CALLBACK_UID=2008
R_CALLBACK_STAGE=AFTER_BACKUP
829328f78201}
7.4 Support for Various Disk Partitioning Schemes and File
Systems
R-Drive Image supports various non-MBR/GPT disk partition schemes: Dynamic disk, BSD Slice, Apple
Partition Map with the following restrictions:

· Changes in disk partitioning schemes are supported for basic (regular) and dynamic MBR/GPT disks. R-
Drive Image can change partitioning schemes (the number of partitions and their sizes) while restore the
data.
· The other partitioning schemes may be backed up and then restored only on their original places or other
partitions of the same size. For example, a backup of dynamic disk D: may be restored on disk D:, or on
any other dynamic partition provided that its size matches exactly that of disk D:.
· A basic partition may be restored on another partition of another scheme with the above limitation, and a
partition of another scheme may be restored as a basic one without limitations.
Partitions with various file systems are supported by R-Drive Image differently:
Partition Virtual Disk
File system Imaging/Copy Restore
Resizing* Mount
FAT (16/32), Byte-by-byte and Useful Entire partition and
Yes. Yes
NTFS Information Only Selected folders and files.
Yes (if the
Byte-by-byte and Useful Entire partition and
exFAT, ReFS No Windows version
Information Only Selected folders and files.
supports)
No (Yes, if third-
Byte-by-byte and Useful Entire partition and party file system
HFS/HFS+ Yes
Information Only Selected folders and files drivers are
installed)
No (Yes, if third-
Byte-by-byte and Useful Entire partition and party file system
APFS No
Information Only Selected folders and files drivers are
installed)
Little and Big
Endian variants No (Yes, if third-
of UFS1/UFS2 Byte-by-byte and Useful Entire partition and party file system
No
and Information Only Selected folders and files. drivers are
Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 installed)
FS (Linux)
Unknown Byte-by-byte Entire partition No No
* For non-MBR/GPT disk partition schemes, partition resizing can be done within existing disk partitioning
schemes.
7.5 Supported Virtual Disk and Disk Image Formats
Along with file formats used for purely disk backup and imaging purposes, there are file formats for virtual disks.
Virtual disks are software components that emulates data storage devices in virtual machines. A the same time,
virtual disks can be used for disk backup and imaging, too. That is why it’s expedient for disk backup and
imaging software to support various file formats for virtual disks. This is especially important for system
interoperability, when it’s necessary to use disk backup/image files on other machines where the disk backup and
imaging software isn’t installed.
Currently R-Drive Image supports the following virtual disk and disk image formats:

RDR: A proprietary disk image format developed by R-Tools Technology, Inc (R-TT). It is the main format
in R-Drive Image, R-Studio, R-Linux, and R-Undelete. RDR files are interchangeable, that is, any R-TT
program may load and process, within its capabilities, any rdr file created in another R-TT program.
VHD/VHDX: A virtual disk file format built into Windows. It’s a native virtual hard drive for Hyper-V, the
Windows virtual machine. You may read more about these file formats in Wikipedia: VHD (file format). R-
Drive Image creates a special file with some metadata for the VHD file format, its extension is vhr. The VHDX
file format contains this metadata within its main file.
VMDK: A virtual disk file format for the most virtual machines like VMware Workstation, VirtualBox, Parallels
Desktop for Mac, etc. You may read more about these file format in our Glossary: What is a VMDK Virtual
Disk.
VDI: A virtual disk file format for the VirtualBox virtual machine. R-Drive Image creates a special file with
some metadata for the VDI file format, its extension is vdr. You may read more about these file format in
Wikipedia: VDI.
The main features of these file formats are presented in the table below:
Features RDR VHD/VHDX VMDK VDI
Compression Yes No Yes No
Encryption Yes No No No
Image Split Yes No Yes No
Native mounting on
No Yes No No
Windows
Mounting on
Windows Yes Yes Yes Yes
using R-Drive Image
Additional file formats that can be opened "read-only"

Extensions Description Licenses
dmg Apple Disk Image All
e01/(ewf) Expert Witness File Format Commercial and OEM System
Recovery Media
aff Advanced Forensic Format Commercial and OEM System
Recovery Media
7.6 Disk Wiping Algorithms
Data wiping is necessary only for files stored on conventional hard drives. Data stored on SSD storage
devices cannot be effectively wiped out due to the principles of operation of these devices.
Currently R-Drive Image supports 5 wiping algorithms:

Wipe an object panel
Wiping algorithms
Zeroes The disk is filled with zeroes through 1 pass. The fastest but the least secure
algorithm. Also it does not conceal the fact that the disk or file has been wiped.
Pseudo-random The disk is filled with pseudo-random numbers through 1 pass. A slower but little bit
numbers more secure algorithm than the Zeroes algorithm and it also conceals to some degree
the fact that the disk or file has been wiped.
DoD 5220.22- The disk is wiped using Department of Defense standard 5220.22-M(3). Provides
M(3) high-grade data wiping filling the unused space or file with a special digital pattern
through 3 passes This algorithm is very secure, but slow.
DoD 5200.28- The disk is wiped using Department of Defense standard 5200.28-STD(7). Provides
STD(7) high-grade data wiping filling the unused space or file with a special digital pattern
through 7 passes. This algorithm is very secure, but very slow.
Bruce The disk is wiped using the Bruce Schneier's algorithm. Provides high-grade data
Schneier(7) wiping filling the unused space or file with a special digital pattern through 7 passes.
This algorithm is very secure, but very slow.
Peter Gutmann The disk is wiped using the Peter Gutmann's algorithm. Provides high-grade data
(35) wiping filling the unused space or file with a special digital pattern through 35 passes.
This algorithm is military-level secure, but horribly slow.
What algorithm is to choose, depends on your specific needs. All of these wiping algorithms make recovery
of wiped data with any software-based data recover utility impossible. So if you want to protect your
information from a casual snooper, you may safely choose either the Zeroes or Pseudo-random numbers
algorithm. The latter also conceals the fact that you wiped the data.
If you want more security, you need to know the following:
There are some techniques for recovery of wiped data. These techniques are based on the fact that magnetic
medium on the hard drive's platters "store" some information about previously written data. Such information
cannot be completely removed. Wiped data may be recovered even from mechanically damaged platters. So
the only safe way to completely remove data from a hard drive is to mechanically grind the magnetic medium
off the drive platters or dissolve them in special chemical solvents.

But in order to recover the wiped data using one of these techniques, a hard drive must be disassembled, its
platters placed in a precise magnetic field measurement system, and the results of such measurement
statistically processed. All that is very expensive and requires a very qualified and experienced personnel and
a specially developed equipment. Only a very advanced organization such as a law enforcement or
intelligence agency of a developed nation, or a special high-tech firm can afford this. Moreover, each
successive wiping pass makes such data recovery much and much harder. So, the DoD 5220.22-M(3) clearing
and sanitizing standard overwriting the data with a special pattern through 3 passes is a rather reliable and
safe choice for this case.
If you need the ultimate security, use the DoD 5220.22-M(7) clearing and sanitizing standard, or even the Peter
Gutmann (35) wiping algorithm. They render data almost unrecoverable, but they are extremely slow.
7.7 Supported CD and DVD Recorders

Supported CD recorders
All IDE/SCSI/USB/FireWire (IEEE1394) CD recorders compatible with the MMC specification.
Supported DVD recorders
Any DVD+R/RW or DVD-R/RW drives for which packet (UDF) record software is installed
(DirectCD/InCD/DLA). DVD discs should be formatted.

Version.
7.8 List of Hardware Devices Supported in the Startup Mode

In the startup mode, R-Drive Image supports the following hardware devices:
Data Storage Devices Networking Devices
Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers 3Com 3c574 PCMCIA
ACPI firmware driver for PATA 3Com 3c589 PCMCIA
ACard AHCI variant (ATP 8620) 3c501 ÈtherLink`
AHCI SATA 3c503 ÈtherLink II`
ALi PATA 3c505 ÈtherLink Plus`
AMD/NVidia PATA 3c507 ÈtherLink 16`
ARTOP 6210/6260 PATA 3c509/3c529 (MCA)/3c579 ÈtherLink III`
ARTOP/Acard ATP867X PATA 3c515 ISA `Fast EtherLink`
ATI PATA 3c590/3c900 series (592/595/597)
CMD / Silicon Image 680 PATA `Vortex/Boomerang`
CMD640 PCI PATA 3cr990 series `Typhoon`
CMD64x PATA AMD 8111 (new PCI LANCE)
CS5510/5520 PATA AMD LANCE and PCnet (AT1500 and NE2100)

CS5530 PATA AMD PCnet32 PCI

CS5535 PATA AT1700/1720
CS5536 PATA Adaptec Starfire/DuraLAN
Compaq Triflex PATA Alteon AceNIC/3Com 3C985/NetGear GA620
Cypress CY82C693 PATA Gigabit
EFAR SLC90E66 Ansel Communications EISA 3200
Generic ATA Apricot Xen-II on board Ethernet
HPT 343/363 PATA Asix AX88190 PCMCIA
HPT 366/368 PATA Atheros L1C Gigabit Ethernet
HPT 370/370A/371/372/374/302 PATA Atheros L1E Gigabit Ethernet
HPT 371N/372N/302N PATA Atheros L2 Fast Ethernet
IT8211/2 PATA Atheros/Attansic L1 Gigabit Ethernet
IT8213 PATA Broadcom 440x/47xx ethernet
Initio 162x SATA Broadcom CNIC
Intel ESB, ICH, PIIX3, PIIX4 PATA/SATA Broadcom NetXtremeII
Intel PATA MPIIX Broadcom NetXtremeII 10Gb
Intel PATA old PIIX Broadcom Tigon3
Intel SCH PATA Brocade 1010/1020 10Gb Ethernet Driver
JMicron PATA CS89x0
Legacy ISA PATA Cabletron E21xx
Marvell PATA support via legacy mode Chelsio 10Gb Ethernet
Marvell SATA Chelsio Communications T3 10Gb Ethernet
NETCELL Revolution RAID Chelsio Communications T4 Ethernet
NVIDIA SATA Chelsio Communications T4 Virtual Function Ethernet
Nat Semi NS87410 PATA Cisco VIC Ethernet NIC Support
Nat Semi NS87415 PATA DECchip Tulip (dc2114x) PCI
Ninja32/Delkin Cardbus ATA DL2000/TC902x-based Gigabit Ethernet
OPTI FireStar PATA Dave ethernet support (DNET)
OPTI621/6215 PATA Davicom DM910x/DM980x
Older Promise PATA controller Early DECchip Tulip (dc2104x) PCI
PCMCIA PATA EtherExpress 16
Pacific Digital ADMA EtherExpressPro support/EtherExpress 10 (i82595)
Pacific Digital SATA QStor Exar X3100 Series 10GbE PCIe Server Adapter
Platform AHCI SATA Exar Xframe 10Gb Ethernet Adapter
Promise PATA 2027x Fujitsu FMV-J18x PCMCIA
Promise SATA SX4 Generic DECchip & DIGITAL EtherWORKS
Promise SATA TX2/TX4 PCI/EISA
QDI VLB PATA HP 10/100VG PCLAN (ISA, EISA, PCI)
RADISYS 82600 PATA HP PCLAN (27245 and other 27xxx series)
RDC PATA HP PCLAN+ (27247B and 27252A)
ICL EtherTeam 16i/32

SC1200 PATA IP1000 Gigabit Ethernet

SERVERWORKS OSB4/CSB5/CSB6/HT1000 Intel(R) 10GbE PCI Express adapters
PATA Intel(R) 82575/82576 PCI-Express Gigabit Ethernet
ServerWorks Frodo / Apple K2 SATA Intel(R) 82576 Virtual Function Ethernet
SiS 964/965/966/180 SATA Intel(R) PRO/100+
SiS PATA Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet
Silicon Image 3124/3132 SATA Intel(R) PRO/1000 PCI-Express Gigabit Ethernet
Silicon Image SATA Intel(R) PRO/10GbE
Toshiba Piccolo JMicron(R) PCI-Express Gigabit Ethernet
ULi Electronics SATA LP486E on board Ethernet
VIA PATA Marvell Yukon 2
VIA SATA Marvell Yukon Gigabit Ethernet
VITESSE VSC-7174 / INTEL 31244 SATA Mellanox Technologies 10Gbit Ethernet
Winbond SL82C105 PATA Micrel KS8851 MLL
Winbond W83759A VLB PATA Micrel KSZ8841/2 PCI
SCSI low-level drivers Myricom Myri-10G Ethernet
3ware 5/6/7/8xxx ATA-RAID Myson MTD-8xx PCI Ethernet
3ware 97xx SAS/SATA-RAID NE2000 compatible PCMCIA
3ware 9xxx SATA-RAID NE2000/NE1000
7000FASST SCSI NI5210
ACARD SCSI NI6510
ARECA (ARC11xx/12xx/13xx/16xx) National Semiconductor DP8381x series PCI
SATA/SAS RAID Host Adapter Ethernet
Adaptec AACRAID National Semiconductor DP83820
Adaptec AHA152X/2825 NetXen Multi port (1/10) Gigabit Ethernet NIC
Adaptec AHA1542 New Media PCMCIA
Adaptec AIC79xx U320 OKI SEMICONDUCTOR IOH(ML7223/ML7831)
Adaptec AIC7xxx GbE
Adaptec AIC7xxx Fast -> U160 OpenCores 10/100 Mbps Ethernet MAC
Adaptec AIC94xx SAS/SATA PCI NE2000 and clones support (see help)
Adaptec I2O RAID QLOGIC QLCNIC 1/10Gb Converged Ethernet
AdvanSys SCSI NIC Support
Always IN2000 SCSI QLogic QLA3XXX Network Driver Support
BusLogic SCSI QLogic QLGE 10Gb Ethernet Driver Support
DMX3191D SCSI RDC R6040 Fast Ethernet Adapter
DTC3180/3280 SCSI RealTek RTL-8129/8130/8139 PCI Fast Ethernet
EATA ISA/EISA/PCI (DPT and generic Adapter
EATA/DMA-compliant boards) RealTek RTL-8139 C+ PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter
Emulex LightPulse Fibre Channel Support Realtek 8169 gigabit ethernet
Future Domain 16xx SCSI/AHA-2920A Realtek PCIe GBE Family Ethernet Adapter
Generic NCR5380/53c400 SCSI MMIO SEEQ8005

Generic NCR5380/53c400 SCSI PIO SMC 9194

HP Smart Array SCSI driver SMC 91Cxx PCMCIA
HighPoint RocketRAID 3xxx/4xxx Controller SMC EtherPower II
IBM Power Linux RAID adapter SMC Ultra
IBM ServeRAID SMSC LAN9420 PCI ethernet adapter
Initio 9100U(W) STMicroelectronics 10/100/1000 Ethernet driver
Initio INI-A100U2W ServerEngines' 10Gbps NIC - BladeEngine
Intel(R) C600 Series Chipset SAS Controller SiS 900/7016 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter
Intel/ICP (former GDT SCSI Disk Array) RAID SiS190/SiS191 gigabit ethernet
Controller Silan SC92031 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter driver
LSI Logic Legacy MegaRAID Driver Solarflare SFC4000/SFC9000-family
LSI Logic Management Module Sun Cassini
LSI Logic MegaRAID Driver Sun GEM
LSI Logic MegaRAID SAS RAID Module Sun Happy Meal 10/100baseT
LSI MPT Fusion SAS 2.0 Device Driver Sun Neptune 10Gbit Ethernet
Marvell 88SE64XX/88SE94XX SAS/SATA Sundance Alta
Microsoft Hyper-V virtual storage driver TI ThunderLAN
NCR53c406a SCSI Tehuti Networks 10G Ethernet
PAS16 SCSI ULi M526x controller
PMC SIERRA Linux MaxRAID adapter VIA Rhine
PMC-Sierra SPC 8001 SAS/SATA Based Host VIA Velocity
Adapter driver WD80*3
Promise SuperTrak EX Series Winbond W89c840 Ethernet
QLogic ISP4XXX and ISP82XX host adapter Xircom 16-bit PCMCIA
family Zenith Z-Note
QLogic QLA2XXX Fibre Channel Support nForce Ethernet
Qlogic FAS SCSI
USB Network Adapters
Qlogic QLA 1240/1x80/1x160 SCSI
ASIX AX88xxx Based USB 2.0 Ethernet Adapters
SYM53C8XX Version 2 SCSI
CDC EEM
Symbios 53c416 SCSI
CDC Ethernet support (smart devices such as cable
Tekram DC390(T) and Am53/79C974 SCSI modems)
Tekram DC395(U/UW/F) and DC315(U) SCSI CDC NCM
Trantor T128/T128F/T228 SCSI Conexant CX82310 USB ethernet port
UltraStor 14F/34F Davicom DM9601 based USB 1.1 10/100 ethernet
UltraStor SCSI devices
VMware PVSCSI driver GeneSys GL620USB-A based cables
Workbit NinjaSCSI-32Bi/UDE Host for RNDIS and ActiveSync devices
iSCSI Boot Sysfs Interface Intellon PLC based usb adapter
USB support MosChip MCS7830 based Ethernet adapters
CF/PCMCIA support for SL811HS HCD NetChip 1080 based cables (Laplink, ...)
ChipIdea Highspeed Dual Role Controller

Cypress C67x00 HCD Option USB High Speed Mobile Devices

Datafab Compact Flash Reader Prolific PL-2301/2302/25A1 based cables
Freecom USB/ATAPI Bridge SMSC LAN75XX based USB 2.0 gigabit ethernet
ISD-200 USB/ATA Bridge devices
ISP 1760 HCD SMSC LAN95XX based USB 2.0 10/100 ethernet
ISP116X HCD devices
ISP1362 HCD Samsung Kalmia based LTE USB modem
Lexar Jumpshot Compact Flash Reader Sharp Zaurus (stock ROMs) and compatible
OXU210HP HCD Simple USB Network Links (CDC Ethernet subset)
Olympus MAUSB-10/Fuji DPC-R1 USB CATC NetMate-based Ethernet device
R8A66597 HCD USB KLSI KL5USB101-based ethernet device
SL811HS HCD USB Pegasus/Pegasus-II based ethernet device
SSB usb host driver USB RTL8150 based ethernet device
SanDisk SDDR-09 (and other SmartMedia,
including DPCM)
SanDisk SDDR-55 SmartMedia
USB 2.0
USB Mass Storage
USB Monitor
USBAT/USBAT02-based storage
xHCI HCD (USB 3.0)
Block devices
Compaq SMART2
Compaq Smart Array 5xxx
Mylex DAC960/DAC1100 PCI RAID Controller
Normal floppy disk
Promise SATA SX8
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) support
Legacy alternative FireWire driver stack
Storage devices (SBP-2 protocol)
Other devices
Microsoft Hyper-V Utilities driver
Microsoft Hyper-V client drivers
Microsoft Hyper-V virtual block driver
Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver
Microsoft Hyper-V virtual storage driver
Version.


VIII R-Drive Image OEM kit

Available in the System Recovery Media Creator version.
R-Drive Image OEM kit allows system integrators, consultants, and computer assemblers to create special system
recovery disks/devices and include them with their fully assembled computer systems. The license for R-Drive Image
OEM kit allows its licensee to distribute unlimited number of those system recovery devices with its computers
provided that a an unregistered copy of R-Drive Image OEM is pre-installed on each distributed computer and
the R-Drive Image software icon is placed on the end-user desktop.
The end user of such computer systems can use those system recovery disks to restore the system files, registry
keys, installed programs, etc., to a state the computer system or hardware was initially set up (a fresh setup).
R-Drive Image OEM kit is intended only to restore the original system disk configuration as part of a service
or maintenance procedure. Use of this kit to install software on any other computer or system is strictly
prohibited.
R-Drive Image OEM kit consists of three components:
R-Drive Image System Recovery Media Creator (R-Drive Image SRMC)

It can create a special R-Drive Image System Recovery OEM media device, that is, startup disk(s) that may be
used to restore a computer system after a complete failure when it requires a complete fresh setup (system recovery disks).
It may be a CD/DVD/USB disk, ZIP drive or any other removable media device.
R-Drive Image System Recovery OEM
Actually, R-Drive Image System Recovery OEM is a startup device containing a special R-Drive Image startup
version with a master disk image. This R-Drive Image startup version restores data from a master image only to a hard
drive or logical disk of a target system.
R-Drive Image OEM
This is a R-Drive Image version similar in its functionality to a conventional R-Drive Image.
Note: You need to obtain an OEM license to activate the OEM functionality in R-Drive Image. You may
obtain a free demo key on the R-Drive Image site to test that functionality. OEM System Recovery Media
created in the demo mode will perform all the required operations but without actual data recovery. If you want
to disable the OEM functionality after tests, simply enter that free demo key once again. The the OEM
functionality will disappear.

R-Drive Image OEM kit 155
When you enter the OEM registration key, this message disappears and the OEM recovery system can be
created.
R-Drive Image SRMC Features:

· The master image can be placed on the startup disk(s) or on a separate device.
· Flexible data restoring: R-Drive Image may automatically find the disk to restore data to, or the user can
manually select places for data recovery.
Creating OEM System Recovery Media consists of two steps:
1. Creating the master image of the system
2. Creating the startup media
When the user will start the system up with such disk(s), R-Drive Image will either restore the system
automatically, or ask the user to specify the source and target for system requirement, depending on the options
specified during the disk creation.

such as:


The R-Drive Image Features topic tells more about R-Drive Image.
Follow this link to obtain R-Drive Image Contact Information and Technical Support.
8.1 Create a Master Image
A master image is the image of the hard drive/logical disk or partition which you will used to restore the system.
The safest way to create a master image for a system rescue disk is to set the system up, turn it off, then start it
up with the R-Drive Image startup version and write the master image file either to a network drive or to a USB
disk. Please note that you have to connect the USB disk before you start up the system.
If you are going to create the master image in the same way as a regular image, it is necessary to understand how
OEM System Recovery Media searches for the target drives/partitions to restore data to.
Hard drives: OEM System Recovery Media identifies drives by their identity info (vendor+model+revision).
So, when creating the master image, avoid connecting the source drive to a non-standard drive controller. It may
change the drive name and/or size, making it impossible for OEM System Recovery Media to identify the
target drive correctly when restoring data.
Partitions: OEM System Recovery Media identifies partitions by their offset+size and, with lesser priority, by
their file system information (file system type and label). if OEM System Recovery Media find one object
which properties coincide with those in the master image, it believes that it has found the target partition. If there
are several same partitions on different drives, OEM System Recovery Media selects the target partition by
its HDD identity info.
Note: When creating the master image, specify the Image split size option on the Image Options panel according
to the requirements of the target where you want to store the master image and do not pay attention to the size
requirements of the media type you plan to use. When producing the startup disk, R-Drive Image will split the
image accordingly.
8.2 Create Startup Media

When the master image of the system is created, you may create the startup data recovery disk(s).
To create a startup data recovery disk(s):
1 Click Create OEM System Recovery Media on the Action Selection panel
2 Select the file with the master image on the Master image file panel and click the Next button

When you click the file, you may view its content below.
3 Select the device you want to use to create the the system recovery disks on the Create OEM System
Recovery Media panel and click the Next button
If you have problems with starting the computers up from the R-Drive Image startup disks, select
configure startup media troubleshooting options. Then the Startup Media Troubleshooting Options
panel will appear. You may configure these options to eliminate those problems.
Those options will help you if you have problems with starting you computer up from the R-Drive Image
startup disks.
Startup Media Troubleshooting Options
Bootable media You may select either a Linux-based or WindowsPE based startup version.
type

Display kernel if this checkbox is enabled, R-Drive Image displays all startup messages. That
startup messages may be useful to locate the source of the problem when your system hangs during
R-Drive Image startup.
Trace drivers Select this checkbox when you want to see loading drivers to find which one may
loading lock the system.
Disables ACPI Select these checkboxes when your system detects some hardware incorrectly
Disables APIC during R-Drive Image startup and displays messages like: hda: lost
interrupt
Disables USB Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with USB devices
Disables SCSI Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with SCSI devices
Disables PATA Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with Parallel ATA
Disables PCMCIA Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with PCMCIA
Disables DMA for Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with IDE disks during
all IDE disk drives R-Drive Image startup.
IRQ polling mode Select this checkbox if R-Drive Image does not recognize a device although it is
in the supported device list.
Default Select this checkbox to select computer default clocksource.
clocksource
PCI BIOS Select an appropriate option if your system experiences problems with computer
hardware.
ACPI OSI An option informing the computer BIOS which OS type is going to start. Default
is Linux, but it may cause the computer BIOS to drop support for some computer
hardware. Change this option if the startup version cannot recognize some
computer hardware, or it malfunctions.
Disable specified Enter the drivers that may cause system lock. Driver names should be separated
drivers by a space or comma.

4 Specify the options for the system recovery disks on the OEM System Recovery Media Options panel
and click the Next button
OEM System Recovery Media Options

Media: Select.the media type you would like to have. R-Drive Image will
automatically split the data accordingly.
Options
If this check box is
selected
Create media in demo mode R-Drive Image will create a demo recovery disk. During the recovery
process, it will be possible to perform all the required operations without
actual data recovery. The license count will not be decremented. .
Don't copy the master image R-Drive Image will create the startup version only without copying the
master image to the media. Select this option if you want to store the master
image separately from the R-Drive Image startup version. The master
image may be stored on a hidden partition of the hard drive.
Client will search image on R-Drive Image will search for the master image on all disks (in their root
all disks only) in the system rather than on the startup disk only.
Disable target (and source) the user will not be able to specify the target object to which the data will be
disk selection restored if R-Drive Image could not find the target for data recovery
automatically. If this option is clear, the user could click the Back button on
the Confirm Operation panel and manually select the target to which the data
will be restored. When this option is selected, the Disable source disk selection
option will also be selected.
Disable source disk the user will not be able to select the source disk/partition in the master image
selection manually. If this option is clear, the user could click the Back button on the
Confirm Operation panel and manually select the source for data recovery in
the image.

Raw disk copy/restore R-Drive Image will enforce the Raw disk copy/restore as the first option
during data restoring.
Automatically reboot on R-Drive Image will open the disk tray for the data recovery CD disc, and
successful restore restart the system automatically upon data recovery.
Perform restoration without R-Drive Image will not require action confirmation from the user. If R-
confirmation Drive Image finds the drive/disk corresponding to the master image, it will
start data recovery automatically. If not, either an error message will appear,
or the user will be asked about the target for data recovery, depending on the
Disable target disk selection option.
GUI mode R-Drive Image will start in the following GUI mode: GUI, GUI/Safe,
GUI/SVGA, TUI
If you want to start data recovery automatically, select the two last check boxes.
> R-Drive Image will start creating the startup data recovery disk(s)

Index 161
configure startup media troubleshooting options 80
Index Contact information and technical support

Context menu
4
Delete a task 109

Edit a task 108
-.- Edit an event 108
Execute now 104, 109
.rdi 119
Rename 108
Save as Script 120
-A- Script to Clipboard
Copy a disk to a disk
120
40
Apple CoreStorage 72 Create a Master Image 156
Apple File Vault 72 Create a script 120
Apple Fusion Drive Volumes 72 Create a script from an existing task 120
Apple RAIDs 71 Create a script from R-Drive Image 120
Create a script manually 121
-B- Create a task

Create an image
105
10
Backup Options Create an Image from Files 23
After 141 Create Partition Parameters
Backup AUX applications 10, 23, 141 Allocation unit size 27, 40
Backup Process Priority 10, 23, 141 Drive letter 27, 40
Before 141 File system 27, 40
Ignore disk read errors (bad sectors) 10, 23, Free space after 27, 40
141 Free space before 27, 40
Limit I/O rate 10, 23, 141 Partition layout 27, 40
Limit read 10, 23, 141 Partition size 27, 40
Limit write 10, 23, 141 Partition type 27, 40
Notify system applications 10, 23, 141 Volume label 27, 40
Process priority 10, 23, 141 Create startup disks 80
R-TT Volume Snapshot Service 10, 23, 141 Creating consistent point-in-time bakups 141
Snapshot AUX applications 10, 23, 141 Creating OEM Client Media 154
Snapshot provider 10, 23, 141 Custom Rotation Schemes 114
Use CPU cores 10, 23, 141 Custom rotation schemes options
Windows Volume Snapshot Service 10, 23, 141 Always leave first full image 114
Backup sets 110 Apply quota 114
Bad Sectors 10, 27, 40 Maximum number of image files 114
Batch Mode 57 Maximum size of all image files 114
Buttons 27 On exceed 114
About 140 Rotation scheme 114
Delete a task 109
Edit a task
Edit an event
108
108 -D-
Delete a task 109
-C- Dialog boxes

About R-Drive Image 140
Check an image file 54 Disk actions 9
Command line actions 119 Disk Image Formats 145

162 R-Drive Image Technical Documentation
-E- -I-
Edit a task 108 Image file format
Edit time or event 108 rdr 10
vmdk 10
Image file selection 27, 50, 54
-F- Image Options
Estimated size 10
File systems
Image compression ratio 10
APFS 144
Image description 10
exFAT 144
Password protection 10
Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 144
Shutdown computer when completed 10
FAT (16/32) 144
Validate image when completed 10
HFS/HFS+ 144
Volume size for multi-volume image 10
NTFS 144
ReFS 144 Imaging Options
Differentially 10
UFS1/UFS2 (Little/Big Endian) 144
Full 10
Format partition options
Incrementally 10
Allocation unit size 27
File system 27
Volume label 27
-K-
Keyboard navigation 9, 10
-G-
Grandfather-Father-Son schemes options
Always leave first full image 110
-L-
Apply quota 110 Linux Logical Volume Manager Volumes 78
Keep Daily images 110 Linux mdadm RAIDs 76
Keep Monthly images 110 List of Hardware Devices Supported in the Startup
Keep Weekly images 110 Mode 148
Maximum size of all image files 110 Load Computer into Startup Mode 85
Logging 140
-H- -M-
Hardware RAIDs 63
HDD Copy Method Mail Notification Options
Copy all partitions onto original places 27, 40, Authorization: 120
89, 97 E-mail notifications 120
Expand/Shrink partition to whole disk 27, 40, Error occurred 120
89, 97 Login 120
Fixed active partition 27, 40, 89, 97 Password 120
Raw disk copy 27, 40, 89, 97 Port 120
Realign partitions 27, 40, 89, 97 Recipient e-mail addresses 120
Hide/Show Disks 27 Run application if 120
Send mail if 120
Server 120
Success 120

Index 163
Mail Notification Options

Your e-mail address 120
Media Options -N-
CD Media Options 10
Direct 10
Autorization 10, 23
DVD Media Options 10
Email notification settings 10, 23
Include R-Drive Image bootable version 10
Execute on 10, 23
Use ISO caching 10
Send mail when 10, 23
Write method 10
Test mail account 10, 23
Write speed 10
Message
Please register R-Drive Image
Messages
6 -O-
Cannot lock the disk 89 OEM Client Media Options
CD-R/RW disk is not empty... 10, 80 Automatically reboot on successful restore 156
Choose drive(s) to umount them 52 Client will search image on all disks 156
Device is busy 10, 80 Create media in test mode 156
Disk is full... 10 Disable source disk selection 156
Disk not locked 27, 89 Disable target disk selection 156
Error: Another partitioner is active 10, 27, 40 Don't copy the master image 156
File is not found 27 GUI mode 156
Files restored successfully 27 Media: 156
Image corrupted 54 Perform restoration without confirmation 156
Image created successfully 10 Raw disk copy/restore 156
Image is already selected! 27
Image restored successfully 27
Image selected is larger than destination 27, 40
-P-
Insert a blank CD-R/RW disk... 10, 80 Panels
Insert a blank floppy disk... 80 Action Selection 9
Insert disk #... 27 Backup Options 10, 23, 105, 108, 141
Insert the next blank CD-R/RW disk... 10 Choose destination of new image 10, 23, 108
Insert the next blank floppy disk... 80 Choose files for new image 23
ISO-image created successfully 80 Choose image file 27
Not enough space 10 Choose image to check integrity 54
Object checked successfully 54 Choose image to mount 50
Object copied successfully 40 Choose image to mount drive(s) from 50
Operation canceled by user 10 Copy partition 27
Password prompt... 10, 27, 50, 54 Create partition 27
Progress... 10, 27, 40 Disk Signature Collision 40
Startup disks created successfully 80 Files Selected 23
Virtual disk(s) mounted successfully 50 Image Destination 105, 120
You are about to restart... 27, 89 Image Object Selection 27
You have selected several partitions... 27 Image options 10, 105, 108
Mount Imaging Mode 120
Drive letter for the selected partition 50 Mail Notification/Aux Applications 120
Mount an image as a virtual logical disk 50 Master Image File Selection 156
Modify partition 27
Mounted Virtual Logical Disks 52

164 R-Drive Image Technical Documentation
Panels File system for the selected partitions 27, 40

Notification options 105, 108 Free space after 27, 40
Notifications Options 10, 23 Free space before 27, 40, 89, 97
Object Selection 40 Maximum partition size 27, 40
OEM Client Media Options 156 Minimum partition size 27, 40
Partition Selection 105, 108, 120 Partition size 27, 40, 89, 97
Processing 52, 120 Partition type 27, 40, 89, 97
Removable Media Device Selection 156 Rotation Schemes 110
Removable Storage Device Selection 80 Run a Task Manually 109
Restore data from an image 27
Restore/Copy Parameters 40
Rotation options 105, 108 -S-
Scheduled Tasks 109, 120
Safely Remove Hardware icon 94
Select disk(s) to create image 10, 23
Scheduled actions, command line operations, and
Select Files to Restore 27 scripting 103
Task execution schedule 105, 108 Scheduler and unattended actions 104
Partition layouts Script 119
Apple Partition Map 144 Script commands 119
BSD Slice 144 Script commands and parameters 121
Dynamic disk 144 Scripting and command line operations 119
GPT 144 Secure boot 85
Partition Manager Simple rotation scheme options
clear 46 Full image every 110
create 46 Imaging mode 110
delete 46 Maximum image files age 110
Entire hard drive 46 Maximum number of full images 110
Existing partition 46 Maximum number of image files 110
format 46 Maximum size of all image files 110
modify 46 Rotation scheme 110
Unallocated space 46 Simple Rotation Schemes 110
wipe 46 Startup Version 79
Point-in-time bakups 141 Check an Image File 101
Program language 9 Create an Image 94
Create an Image from Files 101
-R- Create an image using the startup disks

Disk to disk copy 97
94
RAIDs, and Various Disk and Volume Managers 61 Network Drives 102
R-Drive image features 2 Partition Manager 101
R-Drive Image OEM kit 154 Restore Data from an Image 89
R-Drive Image Registration 6 Restore data to a system or another locked disk
r-driveimagecl.exe 105, 119 89
Registration 6 Support for Various non-MBR/GPT Partition Layouts
Registration information 6 144
Registration key 6 Supported CD and DVD recorders 148
Rename a task 108 System dump 4
Restore Options System recovery disc 10
Copy disk signature 27
Drive letter for the selected partition 27, 40

Index 165
Windows Software Mirrors 64

Windows Software RAIDs 64
-T- Windows Software Spanned Volumes 64
Windows Storage Spaces
Task execution schedule options
fixed-provisional 68
At system startup 105
thin-provisioned 68
At user logon 105
Daily 105 Wiping algorithms
Bruce Schneier(7) 146
Delay task up to: 105
DoD 5200.28-STD(7) 146
End date: 105
DoD 5220.22-M(3) 146
Month schedule 105
Peter Gutmann (35) 146
Monthly 105
Pseudo-random numbers 146
Months 105
Zeroes 146
On day... of month 105
On days: 105
Once 105
Or... 105
Perform this task: 105
Repeat task every 105
Repeat task every: 105
Run missed task as soon as possible 105
Run this task every: 105
Start date: 105
Start time: 105
Task is active 105
User/Password Options 105
Wake the computer to run this task 105
Weekly 105
Tower-of-Hanoi schemes options
Number of tiers 110
-U-
UEFI boot 85
Unknown 144
Unmount virtual logical disks 52
Updates 139
-V-
Virtual Disk Formats 145
-W-
Windiows explorer shortcut menu
Mount as Virtual Disk 50
Restore Image 27

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User's Manual

(c) R-Tools Technology Inc

No warranty is made in regard to specifications or features.

R-Drive Image is a registered trademark of R-Tools Technology, Inc.

III Advanced File Filtering 56

IV RAIDs, and Various Disk and Volume

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

VI Scheduled Actions, Command Line

VII Technical Information 138

VIII R-Drive Image OEM kit 154

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

The Disk Actions chapter explains disk actions such as:

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

The Technical Information chapter gives technical information on

1.1 R-Drive Image Features

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

The Disk Actions chapter explains basic disk actions.

1.3 Contact Information and Technical Support

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

You may be asked to provide a system dump.

2 And click the Write system dump button

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

1.4 R-Drive Image Registration

and select Register on the shortcut menu.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

and follow the instructions.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

The Technical Information chapter gives technical information on

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

Creating images of entire objects

S.M.A.R.T. warning for a hard drive

Warnings will also appear in confirming e-mails for scheduled actions.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

marked hard drive.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

· Notifications Options panel

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

· Backup Options panel

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

> R-Drive Image will start creating the image file(s)

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

See Creating consistent point-in-time backups for more details.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

· Notifications Options panel

· Backup Options panel

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.

a snapshot is being taken.

© 2023 R-Tools Technology Inc.